Francisco J. Caparrós, Paulo Alexandre Gomes, Manuel García-Algar, Maria Rivero, Samantha Grand, Mario Borràs, Juan Sagales, Sara Gómez-de Pedro
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates are garnering increasing interest for ultrasensitive high-throughput sensing. Notably, SERS encoded nanostructures stand out due to their potential for nearly unlimited codification with excellent optical properties. In this paper we report a simple, versatile and cost-effective method for preparing SERS-encoded clusters. These clusters consist of encoded silver nanoparticles assembled onto magnetic microparticles, which are externally coated with oxide-based structures. We propose and compare diverse shell materials, including SiO2, ZnO and TiO2. This design results in a stable and robust system with excellent magnetic and optical properties, suitable for being used in multiple media and conditions. To enhance usability, the external coating was functionalized with dopamine, facilitating further modifications. Additionally, we developed a data analysis method based on machine learning and artificial neural networks, utilizing self-organizing maps to automate particle identification. This study provides valuable information for selecting the most appropriate magnetic SERS encoded cluster for multiplex sensing applications.
{"title":"Versatile methodology for the synthesis of stable magnetic SERS encoded clusters for sensing applications","authors":"Francisco J. Caparrós, Paulo Alexandre Gomes, Manuel García-Algar, Maria Rivero, Samantha Grand, Mario Borràs, Juan Sagales, Sara Gómez-de Pedro","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04113e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04113e","url":null,"abstract":"Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrates are garnering increasing interest for ultrasensitive high-throughput sensing. Notably, SERS encoded nanostructures stand out due to their potential for nearly unlimited codification with excellent optical properties. In this paper we report a simple, versatile and cost-effective method for preparing SERS-encoded clusters. These clusters consist of encoded silver nanoparticles assembled onto magnetic microparticles, which are externally coated with oxide-based structures. We propose and compare diverse shell materials, including SiO2, ZnO and TiO2. This design results in a stable and robust system with excellent magnetic and optical properties, suitable for being used in multiple media and conditions. To enhance usability, the external coating was functionalized with dopamine, facilitating further modifications. Additionally, we developed a data analysis method based on machine learning and artificial neural networks, utilizing self-organizing maps to automate particle identification. This study provides valuable information for selecting the most appropriate magnetic SERS encoded cluster for multiplex sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ravi F Saraf, Jay Min Lim, Muhammad Naveed Ashar, Yanan Laura Wang
The synergistic optical, electronic and chemical properties in metal nanoparticles in close proximity have potential applications in energy, medicine and sustainability. Fundamental studies and application development of spontaneous self-assembly of one dimensional (1D) chains of metal nanoparticles without any external organizing agency have been pursued for over four decades. The spontaneous formation of 1D chains in solution of stabilized spherical nanoparticle driven by emergence of local anisotropy due to dipolar interaction is a trapped non-equilibrium state. Here, the kinetics of this broken symmetry in “directed” self-assembly of spherical particles to form 1D chain is studied. The 1D chain assembly of 10 nm Au particle stabilized by electrostatic repulsion is initiated by adding a small amount of divalent cation salt. A phenomenological model is presented to explain the transition state controlling the kinetics of 1D self-assembly. Combining experimental and simulation studies, the kinetics of the chain growth over time was measured to discover a sharp transition between two growth processes analogous to addition and condensation polymerization.
{"title":"Kinetics of Ion-Mediated Directed Self-Assembly of One-dimensional Chains of Metal Nanoparticles in Solution","authors":"Ravi F Saraf, Jay Min Lim, Muhammad Naveed Ashar, Yanan Laura Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04770b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04770b","url":null,"abstract":"The synergistic optical, electronic and chemical properties in metal nanoparticles in close proximity have potential applications in energy, medicine and sustainability. Fundamental studies and application development of spontaneous self-assembly of one dimensional (1D) chains of metal nanoparticles without any external organizing agency have been pursued for over four decades. The spontaneous formation of 1D chains in solution of stabilized spherical nanoparticle driven by emergence of local anisotropy due to dipolar interaction is a trapped non-equilibrium state. Here, the kinetics of this broken symmetry in “directed” self-assembly of spherical particles to form 1D chain is studied. The 1D chain assembly of 10 nm Au particle stabilized by electrostatic repulsion is initiated by adding a small amount of divalent cation salt. A phenomenological model is presented to explain the transition state controlling the kinetics of 1D self-assembly. Combining experimental and simulation studies, the kinetics of the chain growth over time was measured to discover a sharp transition between two growth processes analogous to addition and condensation polymerization.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel Núñez-Martínez, Manuel Fernández-Míguez, Emilio Quiñoá, Felix Freire
Poly(phenylacetylene)s (PPAs) bearing para-substituted anilide pendant groups are sensitive to the presence of oxidizing metal ions such as Cu2+, Hg 2+, Fe3+, Au3+ or Ce4+ due to a redox reaction between the anilide-PPA and the metal ion. Using a library of six different PPAs containing diverse chiral pendant groups connected to the PPA backbone through the N (anilide) or C (benzamide) atoms of an amide group used as a linker, it was found that anilide-PPAs are sensitive to oxidizing metal ions. In these polymers, and through a redox reaction, a radical species is delocalized along the polyene backbone, resulting in a color change of the solution from yellow to blue. UV-Vis, ECD, IR, EPR, XPS and computational studies were carried out to demonstrate the electron transfer from PPA to the oxidizing metal once the metal coordinates with the anilide of the polymer.
{"title":"Colorimetric detector of oxidizing metal ions by anilide-poly(phenylacetylene)s","authors":"Manuel Núñez-Martínez, Manuel Fernández-Míguez, Emilio Quiñoá, Felix Freire","doi":"10.1039/d4nr03662j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr03662j","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(phenylacetylene)s (PPAs) bearing para-substituted anilide pendant groups are sensitive to the presence of oxidizing metal ions such as Cu2+, Hg 2+, Fe3+, Au3+ or Ce4+ due to a redox reaction between the anilide-PPA and the metal ion. Using a library of six different PPAs containing diverse chiral pendant groups connected to the PPA backbone through the N (anilide) or C (benzamide) atoms of an amide group used as a linker, it was found that anilide-PPAs are sensitive to oxidizing metal ions. In these polymers, and through a redox reaction, a radical species is delocalized along the polyene backbone, resulting in a color change of the solution from yellow to blue. UV-Vis, ECD, IR, EPR, XPS and computational studies were carried out to demonstrate the electron transfer from PPA to the oxidizing metal once the metal coordinates with the anilide of the polymer.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"74 2 Pt 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread proliferation and increasing use of portable electronic devices and wearables, and the recent developments in artificial intelligence and internet-of-things, have fuelled the need for high-density and low-voltage non-volatile memories. Nanocrystal memory, an emergent non-volatile memory (NVM) device which makes use of the Coulomb blockade effect, can potentially result in the scaling of the tunnel dielectric layer to a very small thickness. Since the nanocrystals are electrically isolated, potential charge leakage paths via localized defects in the thin tunnel dielectric can be substantially reduced, unlike that in a continuous polysilicon floating gate structure. The equivalent-oxide-thickness of the tunnel dielectric layer can be further reduced by using high dielectric constant materials to replace silicon dioxide, thus giving rise to faster program/erase during device operation and better charge retention performance. In this review on germanium (Ge) nanocrystal NVM devices, a brief historical perspective of semiconductor NVM devices will first be presented. Fabrication techniques for synthesizing Ge nanocrystals and that for Ge nanocrystal capacitor and transistor devices in a tri-layer insulator gate stack structure will then be presented. Investigations into the charge storage mechanism and electrical performance of Ge nanocrystal memory devices will be discussed. The application of a scanning probe microscope-based nano-characterization method, that of scanning capacitance spectroscopy/microscopy, to analyze carrier charging in Ge nanodots and the passivation of hole and electron traps after forming gas anneal will be highlighted. This has led to a better understanding of the charge storage mechanism in the Ge nanocrystals. The use of high dielectric constant material in the tri-layer gate structure to minimize Ge penetration into the substrate during the high temperature anneal synthesis step will also be presented in this article. Traps/defects within the Ge nanocrystals play an important role in the charge storage and retention mechanism. This article will also show how the trap energy level could be modulated, using high dielectric constant materials in the tunnel dielectric and cap oxide layers, for improved device performance.
{"title":"Germanium Nanocrystal Non-Volatile Memory: Fabrication, Charge Storage Mechanism and Characterization","authors":"Wai Kin Chim","doi":"10.1039/d4nr05159a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr05159a","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread proliferation and increasing use of portable electronic devices and wearables, and the recent developments in artificial intelligence and internet-of-things, have fuelled the need for high-density and low-voltage non-volatile memories. Nanocrystal memory, an emergent non-volatile memory (NVM) device which makes use of the Coulomb blockade effect, can potentially result in the scaling of the tunnel dielectric layer to a very small thickness. Since the nanocrystals are electrically isolated, potential charge leakage paths via localized defects in the thin tunnel dielectric can be substantially reduced, unlike that in a continuous polysilicon floating gate structure. The equivalent-oxide-thickness of the tunnel dielectric layer can be further reduced by using high dielectric constant materials to replace silicon dioxide, thus giving rise to faster program/erase during device operation and better charge retention performance. In this review on germanium (Ge) nanocrystal NVM devices, a brief historical perspective of semiconductor NVM devices will first be presented. Fabrication techniques for synthesizing Ge nanocrystals and that for Ge nanocrystal capacitor and transistor devices in a tri-layer insulator gate stack structure will then be presented. Investigations into the charge storage mechanism and electrical performance of Ge nanocrystal memory devices will be discussed. The application of a scanning probe microscope-based nano-characterization method, that of scanning capacitance spectroscopy/microscopy, to analyze carrier charging in Ge nanodots and the passivation of hole and electron traps after forming gas anneal will be highlighted. This has led to a better understanding of the charge storage mechanism in the Ge nanocrystals. The use of high dielectric constant material in the tri-layer gate structure to minimize Ge penetration into the substrate during the high temperature anneal synthesis step will also be presented in this article. Traps/defects within the Ge nanocrystals play an important role in the charge storage and retention mechanism. This article will also show how the trap energy level could be modulated, using high dielectric constant materials in the tunnel dielectric and cap oxide layers, for improved device performance.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankita Bora, ningyuan fu, Avijit Saha, Anatol Prudnikau, René Hübner, Houman Bahmani Jalali, Francesco Di Stasio, Nikolai Gaponik, Vladimir Lesnyak
Tunable optical properties exhibited by semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region are of particular interest in various applications, such as telecommunications, bioimaging, photodetection, photovoltaics, etc. While lead and mercury chalcogenide NCs do exhibit exemplary optical properties in the NIR, Cu-In-Se (CISe)-based NCs are a suitable environment-friendly alternative to these toxic materials. Several reports of NIR-emitting (quasi)spherical CISe NCs have been published, but their more complex-shaped counterparts remain rather less explored. The emerging anisotropic nanomaterials have gained significant interest owing to their unique optical properties arising due to their specific shape. While several examples of non-spherical Cu-In-S-based NCs have been reported, examples of CISe-based anisotropic NCs are rather scarce, and those with intensive photoluminescence (PL) are not yet developed. In this work, we present a one-pot approach to synthesize quaternary Cu-Zn-In-Se (CZISe) triangular NCs with intensive PL in the NIR region. The NCs synthesized exhibit tetragonal crystal structure and, depending on the reaction conditions, are single triangular particles or stacks of triangular blocks of varied lateral sizes but rather uniform thickness. The synthesis involves the formation of In2Se3 seeds with subsequent incorporation of copper and growth of triangular CISe NCs, followed by the incorporation of zinc and the growth of a ZnS shell. Importantly, the PL band widths of the final core/shell heterostructured NCs are narrow, down to 102 meV, which is a rarely observed characteristic for this class of materials and can be attributed to their anisotropic shape and the absence of thickness and compositional inhomogeneities of their building blocks. The PL of the CZISe/ZnS NCs can be tuned in the range of 1082–1218 nm reaching a quantum yield of up to 40% by varying their size and composition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the farthest and the narrowest PL achieved for CISe-based NCs so far, which widens application perspectives of this material in NIR LEDs, bioimaging, and photovoltaics.
{"title":"Triangular-Shaped Cu-Zn-In-Se-based Nanocrystals with Narrow Near Infrared Photoluminescence","authors":"Ankita Bora, ningyuan fu, Avijit Saha, Anatol Prudnikau, René Hübner, Houman Bahmani Jalali, Francesco Di Stasio, Nikolai Gaponik, Vladimir Lesnyak","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04499a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04499a","url":null,"abstract":"Tunable optical properties exhibited by semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in the near infrared (NIR) spectral region are of particular interest in various applications, such as telecommunications, bioimaging, photodetection, photovoltaics, etc. While lead and mercury chalcogenide NCs do exhibit exemplary optical properties in the NIR, Cu-In-Se (CISe)-based NCs are a suitable environment-friendly alternative to these toxic materials. Several reports of NIR-emitting (quasi)spherical CISe NCs have been published, but their more complex-shaped counterparts remain rather less explored. The emerging anisotropic nanomaterials have gained significant interest owing to their unique optical properties arising due to their specific shape. While several examples of non-spherical Cu-In-S-based NCs have been reported, examples of CISe-based anisotropic NCs are rather scarce, and those with intensive photoluminescence (PL) are not yet developed. In this work, we present a one-pot approach to synthesize quaternary Cu-Zn-In-Se (CZISe) triangular NCs with intensive PL in the NIR region. The NCs synthesized exhibit tetragonal crystal structure and, depending on the reaction conditions, are single triangular particles or stacks of triangular blocks of varied lateral sizes but rather uniform thickness. The synthesis involves the formation of In2Se3 seeds with subsequent incorporation of copper and growth of triangular CISe NCs, followed by the incorporation of zinc and the growth of a ZnS shell. Importantly, the PL band widths of the final core/shell heterostructured NCs are narrow, down to 102 meV, which is a rarely observed characteristic for this class of materials and can be attributed to their anisotropic shape and the absence of thickness and compositional inhomogeneities of their building blocks. The PL of the CZISe/ZnS NCs can be tuned in the range of 1082–1218 nm reaching a quantum yield of up to 40% by varying their size and composition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the farthest and the narrowest PL achieved for CISe-based NCs so far, which widens application perspectives of this material in NIR LEDs, bioimaging, and photovoltaics.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanmay Goswami, Himanshu Bhatt, Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, Hirendra N. Ghosh
The performance of an optoelectronic device is largely dependent on the light harvesting properties of the active material as well as the dynamic behaviour of the photoexcited charge carriers upon absorption of light. Recently, atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) have garnered attention as highly prospective materials for advanced ultrathin solar cells and other optoelectronic applications, owing to their strong interaction with electromagnetic radiation, substantial optical conductivity, and impressive charge carrier mobility. WSe2 is one such extremely promising solar energy material. It has absorption throughout the UV-Vis-NIR region with the existence of four excitonic features, just like MoS2, WS2. However, stability issues and absence of any robust synthetic route limit their practical applications. Herein, we have successfully synthesized atomically thin stable WSe2 nanosheets using very effective colloidal hot injection method and further studied the optical properties of this material using Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We probed all four excitonic features of WSe2, spread throughout the visible region. The dynamics of the high energy excitons were found to be distinctively slower when compared to their band edge counterparts, adding an additional advantage in optoelectronic applications. We delved further into the factors governing exciton dynamics within WSe2, uncovering strong influence of the electronic band structure. Importantly, our study highlights the importance of all four excitonic features in a 2D TMDC material, which emerge in the system irrespective of the excitation wavelength and influence each other.
{"title":"Ultrafast Broadband Spectroscopy of Widely Spread Excitonic Features in WSe2 Nanosheets","authors":"Tanmay Goswami, Himanshu Bhatt, Dharmendra Kumar Yadav, Hirendra N. Ghosh","doi":"10.1039/d4nr03874f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr03874f","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of an optoelectronic device is largely dependent on the light harvesting properties of the active material as well as the dynamic behaviour of the photoexcited charge carriers upon absorption of light. Recently, atomically thin two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDCs) have garnered attention as highly prospective materials for advanced ultrathin solar cells and other optoelectronic applications, owing to their strong interaction with electromagnetic radiation, substantial optical conductivity, and impressive charge carrier mobility. WSe2 is one such extremely promising solar energy material. It has absorption throughout the UV-Vis-NIR region with the existence of four excitonic features, just like MoS2, WS2. However, stability issues and absence of any robust synthetic route limit their practical applications. Herein, we have successfully synthesized atomically thin stable WSe2 nanosheets using very effective colloidal hot injection method and further studied the optical properties of this material using Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We probed all four excitonic features of WSe2, spread throughout the visible region. The dynamics of the high energy excitons were found to be distinctively slower when compared to their band edge counterparts, adding an additional advantage in optoelectronic applications. We delved further into the factors governing exciton dynamics within WSe2, uncovering strong influence of the electronic band structure. Importantly, our study highlights the importance of all four excitonic features in a 2D TMDC material, which emerge in the system irrespective of the excitation wavelength and influence each other.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaojie Xu, Jenny Zhou, Tom Nakotte, Bret Flanders, Christine Orme
Quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for optoelectronic applications, but their widespread adoption requires controllable, selective, and scalable deposition methods. While traditional methods like spincoating and dropcasting are suitable for small-scale deposition onto flat substrates, and ink-jet printing offers precision for small areas, these methods struggle with conformal deposition onto non-planar, large area substrates or selective deposition onto large area chips. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an efficient and versatile technique capable of achieving conformal and selective area deposition over large areas, but its application to QD films has been limited. Previous EPD studies on QD films used QDs with native ligands, which hinder charge transport in optoelectronic devices. Here, we combined in-solution ligand exchange with EPD to deposit dense PbSe QD films. Through solvent engineering, we controlled the growth rate of PbSe QD films and used an in-situ quartz crystal microbalance to measure the growth rate as a function of applied potential. We demonstrated the efficacy of this methodology by conformally depositing PbSe QD films onto textured silicon substrates via EPD and fabricating infrared photodetectors. The responsivity of the as-fabricated IR PDs towards 1200 nm was ~0.01 A/W and response time was 4.6 ms (on) and 4.7 ms (off).
{"title":"Single-step, conformal, and efficient assembly of ligand-exchanged quantum dots for optoelectronic devices via electric field","authors":"Xiaojie Xu, Jenny Zhou, Tom Nakotte, Bret Flanders, Christine Orme","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04620j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04620j","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials for optoelectronic applications, but their widespread adoption requires controllable, selective, and scalable deposition methods. While traditional methods like spincoating and dropcasting are suitable for small-scale deposition onto flat substrates, and ink-jet printing offers precision for small areas, these methods struggle with conformal deposition onto non-planar, large area substrates or selective deposition onto large area chips. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an efficient and versatile technique capable of achieving conformal and selective area deposition over large areas, but its application to QD films has been limited. Previous EPD studies on QD films used QDs with native ligands, which hinder charge transport in optoelectronic devices. Here, we combined in-solution ligand exchange with EPD to deposit dense PbSe QD films. Through solvent engineering, we controlled the growth rate of PbSe QD films and used an in-situ quartz crystal microbalance to measure the growth rate as a function of applied potential. We demonstrated the efficacy of this methodology by conformally depositing PbSe QD films onto textured silicon substrates via EPD and fabricating infrared photodetectors. The responsivity of the as-fabricated IR PDs towards 1200 nm was ~0.01 A/W and response time was 4.6 ms (on) and 4.7 ms (off).","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electroluminescent (EL) devices consisting of a single metal-semiconductor contact and a gate effect structure have garnered significant attention in the field of perovskite light-emitting devices. This interest is largely due to the thermal stability of the active layer and the simplicity of the device structure. However, the application of these devices in large-area light-emitting applications is hindered by the inherently low carrier mobility in perovskite materials. In our study, we addressed this limitation by optimizing the nanostructure within the electrodes, which resulted in enhanced electroluminescence and linear polarization. To confirm the luminescence mechanism and the observed enhancement, we conducted comprehensive electrical and optical characterizations. These characterizations demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in improving the performance of perovskite-based EL devices, paving the way for their broader application in large-area light-emitting technologies.
{"title":"Linearly Polarized AC-Driven Perovskite Light Emitting Device with Nanoscale Metal Contact","authors":"Li-Ming Chiang, Chi-Peng Tu, Konthoujam James Singh, Hai-Pang Chiang, Tsung-Sheng Kao, Min-Hsiung Shih","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04894f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04894f","url":null,"abstract":"Electroluminescent (EL) devices consisting of a single metal-semiconductor contact and a gate effect structure have garnered significant attention in the field of perovskite light-emitting devices. This interest is largely due to the thermal stability of the active layer and the simplicity of the device structure. However, the application of these devices in large-area light-emitting applications is hindered by the inherently low carrier mobility in perovskite materials. In our study, we addressed this limitation by optimizing the nanostructure within the electrodes, which resulted in enhanced electroluminescence and linear polarization. To confirm the luminescence mechanism and the observed enhancement, we conducted comprehensive electrical and optical characterizations. These characterizations demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in improving the performance of perovskite-based EL devices, paving the way for their broader application in large-area light-emitting technologies.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda Phungula, Sofia Zuffi, Sunisa Thongsom, Paolo Di Gianvincenzo, Santiago Gimenez Reyes, Ana Beatriz Caribé dos Santos Valle, Frederico Pittella, Fernando Albericio, Beatriz G. de la Torre, Sergio E. Moya
Targeted delivery offers solutions for more efficient therapies with fewer side effects. Here, lipopeptides (LPs) prepared by conjugation of the nuclear-targeting peptide analogue H-YKQSHKKGGKKGSG-NH2 (NrTP6) and two lauric acid chains are used to encapsulate the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DX) through a solvent-exchange protocol. LPs spontaneously form nanosized rod-like assemblies in phosphate buffer. DX is trapped in the peptide regions of the assemblies. Confocal laser scanning microscopy shows that the peptide assemblies translocate into the nucleus. Cytotoxicity studies over 72 h in A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines show less toxicity for the LP encapsulated DX than for free DX. In contrast, subtoxic doses of encapsulated DX are more effective than free DX in avoiding colony formation over 14 days, with a complete absence of colonies for the LP-encapsulated DX. The results show a more efficient and slow delivery of DX to the nucleus through LP encapsulation, paving the way for the use of lower DX doses as a chemotherapeutic agent.
{"title":"Lauryl-NrTP6 lipopeptide self-assembled nanorods for nuclear-targeted delivery of doxorubicin","authors":"Amanda Phungula, Sofia Zuffi, Sunisa Thongsom, Paolo Di Gianvincenzo, Santiago Gimenez Reyes, Ana Beatriz Caribé dos Santos Valle, Frederico Pittella, Fernando Albericio, Beatriz G. de la Torre, Sergio E. Moya","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04068f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04068f","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted delivery offers solutions for more efficient therapies with fewer side effects. Here, lipopeptides (LPs) prepared by conjugation of the nuclear-targeting peptide analogue H-YKQSHKKGGKKGSG-NH<small><sub>2</sub></small> (NrTP6) and two lauric acid chains are used to encapsulate the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DX) through a solvent-exchange protocol. LPs spontaneously form nanosized rod-like assemblies in phosphate buffer. DX is trapped in the peptide regions of the assemblies. Confocal laser scanning microscopy shows that the peptide assemblies translocate into the nucleus. Cytotoxicity studies over 72 h in A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines show less toxicity for the LP encapsulated DX than for free DX. In contrast, subtoxic doses of encapsulated DX are more effective than free DX in avoiding colony formation over 14 days, with a complete absence of colonies for the LP-encapsulated DX. The results show a more efficient and slow delivery of DX to the nucleus through LP encapsulation, paving the way for the use of lower DX doses as a chemotherapeutic agent.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pauline Kolar-Hofer, Giulia Zampini, Christian Georg Derntl, Enrica Soprano, Ester Polo, Pablo del Pino, Nurgul Kereyeva, Moritz Eggeling, Leoni Breth, Michael J. Haslinger, Michael Mühlberger, Peter Ertl, Astrit Shoshi, Julian Hartbaum, Michael Jurisch, Beatriz Pelaz, Stefan Schrittwieser
Metal nanoparticles are established tools for biomedical applications due to their unique optical properties, primarily attributed to localized surface plasmon resonances. They show distinct optical characteristics, such as high extinction cross-sections and resonances at specific wavelengths, which are tunable across the wavelength spectrum by modifying the nanoparticle geometry. These attributes make metal nanoparticles highly valuable for sensing and imaging in biology and medicine. However, their widespread adoption is hindered due to challenges in consistent and accurate nanoparticle fabrication and functionality as well as due to nanotoxicological concerns, including cell damage, DNA damage, and unregulated cell signaling. In this study, we present a fabrication approach using nanoimprint lithography in combination with thin film deposition which yields highly homogenous nanoparticles in size, shape and optical properties with standard deviations of the main geometry parameters of less than 5% batch-to-batch variation. The measured optical properties closely match performed simulations, indicating that pre-experimental modelling can effectively guide the design of nanoparticles with tailored optical properties. Our approach also enables nanoparticle transfer to solution. Particularly, we show that the surface coating with a PEG polymer shell ensures stable dispersions in buffer solutions and complex cell media for at least 7 days. Furthermore, our in vitro experiments demonstrate that these nanoparticles are internalized by cells via endocytosis, exhibit good biocompatibility, and show minor cytotoxicity, as evidenced by high cell viability. In the future, our high-precision nanoparticle fabrication method together with tunable surface plasmon resonance and reduced nanotoxicity will offer the possibility to replace conventional nanomaterials for biomedical applications that make use of an optical response at precise wavelengths. This includes the use of the nanoparticles as contrast agents for imaging, as probes for targeted photothermal cancer therapy, as carriers for controlled drug delivery, or as probes for sensing applications based on optical detection principles.
{"title":"Fabrication of nanoparticles with precisely controllable plasmonic properties as tools for biomedical applications","authors":"Pauline Kolar-Hofer, Giulia Zampini, Christian Georg Derntl, Enrica Soprano, Ester Polo, Pablo del Pino, Nurgul Kereyeva, Moritz Eggeling, Leoni Breth, Michael J. Haslinger, Michael Mühlberger, Peter Ertl, Astrit Shoshi, Julian Hartbaum, Michael Jurisch, Beatriz Pelaz, Stefan Schrittwieser","doi":"10.1039/d4nr02677b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr02677b","url":null,"abstract":"Metal nanoparticles are established tools for biomedical applications due to their unique optical properties, primarily attributed to localized surface plasmon resonances. They show distinct optical characteristics, such as high extinction cross-sections and resonances at specific wavelengths, which are tunable across the wavelength spectrum by modifying the nanoparticle geometry. These attributes make metal nanoparticles highly valuable for sensing and imaging in biology and medicine. However, their widespread adoption is hindered due to challenges in consistent and accurate nanoparticle fabrication and functionality as well as due to nanotoxicological concerns, including cell damage, DNA damage, and unregulated cell signaling. In this study, we present a fabrication approach using nanoimprint lithography in combination with thin film deposition which yields highly homogenous nanoparticles in size, shape and optical properties with standard deviations of the main geometry parameters of less than 5% batch-to-batch variation. The measured optical properties closely match performed simulations, indicating that pre-experimental modelling can effectively guide the design of nanoparticles with tailored optical properties. Our approach also enables nanoparticle transfer to solution. Particularly, we show that the surface coating with a PEG polymer shell ensures stable dispersions in buffer solutions and complex cell media for at least 7 days. Furthermore, our <em>in vitro</em> experiments demonstrate that these nanoparticles are internalized by cells <em>via</em> endocytosis, exhibit good biocompatibility, and show minor cytotoxicity, as evidenced by high cell viability. In the future, our high-precision nanoparticle fabrication method together with tunable surface plasmon resonance and reduced nanotoxicity will offer the possibility to replace conventional nanomaterials for biomedical applications that make use of an optical response at precise wavelengths. This includes the use of the nanoparticles as contrast agents for imaging, as probes for targeted photothermal cancer therapy, as carriers for controlled drug delivery, or as probes for sensing applications based on optical detection principles.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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