Xiaofang Ma, Yuhao Cai, Yang Gao, Hairong Zhao, Xiaxia Liu, Yuanyuan Tian, He Xiao
The design and fabrication of highly active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts that can outperform Pt/C are extremely desirable but remain challenging. Herein, the fabrication of S-doped hollow mesoporous carbon anchored Ru nanoclusters (Ru NCs/S-HMCs) is reported as a novel and highly active HER electrocatalyst through modified Stöber process and subsequent hydrothermal treatment, in which Ru NCs (1.64 nm in size) are uniformly anchored into S-HMCs channels. Benefiting from the unique electronic structure induced by S doping and the spatial confinement effect of the mesoporous carbon, the Ru NCs/S-HMCs catalyst exhibits excellent pH-universal HER activity, requiring only 3.5, 61.0, and 63.5 mV of overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline, neutral, and acidic electrolytes, respectively. In 1 M KOH, 0.5 M H2SO4, and 0.5 M PBS solutions, Ru NCs/S0.5-HMCs exhibits high mass activities of 21542, 2998 and 7088 mA mgRu−1 at an overpotential of -50 mV, respectively. The excellent activity stems from: (1) the pore confinement effect, which promotes the formation of ultrasmall Ru NCs (1.64 nm) and suppresses metal leaching; (2) S doping, which modulates the electronic structure of Ru and reduces the water dissociation barrier; and (3) the hollow mesoporous architecture, which accelerates mass and electron transport. This work provides insights for designing high-efficiency pH-universal electrocatalysts.
设计和制造性能优于Pt/C的高活性析氢反应（HER）电催化剂是非常理想的，但仍然具有挑战性。本文报道了一种新型的高活性HER电催化剂，通过改进Stöber工艺和随后的水热处理，制备了s掺杂中空介孔碳锚定的Ru纳米团簇（Ru nc /S-HMCs），其中Ru nc（尺寸为1.64 nm）均匀锚定在S-HMCs通道中。得益于S掺杂诱导的独特电子结构和介孔碳的空间约束效应，Ru NCs/S- hmcs催化剂表现出优异的ph -通用HER活性，在碱性、中性和酸性电解质中，只需要3.5、61.0和63.5 mV的过电位就能分别达到10 mA cm-2的电流密度。在1 M KOH、0.5 M H2SO4和0.5 M PBS溶液中，Ru nc / s0.5 - hmc在过电位为-50 mV时的质量活性分别为21542、2998和7088 mA mgRu−1。优异的活性源于：(1)孔隙约束效应，促进了超小Ru NCs （1.64 nm）的形成，抑制了金属的浸出；(2) S掺杂，调节Ru的电子结构，降低水解离势垒；(3)中空介孔结构，加速了质量和电子的传递。这项工作为设计高效的ph -通用电催化剂提供了新的思路。
{"title":"Unraveling How Crystal Phase and Dispersion of Mesoporous Carbon-Confined Ru Nanoclusters Govern Full-pH Hydrogen Evolution Performance","authors":"Xiaofang Ma, Yuhao Cai, Yang Gao, Hairong Zhao, Xiaxia Liu, Yuanyuan Tian, He Xiao","doi":"10.1039/d5nr05020k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr05020k","url":null,"abstract":"The design and fabrication of highly active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts that can outperform Pt/C are extremely desirable but remain challenging. Herein, the fabrication of S-doped hollow mesoporous carbon anchored Ru nanoclusters (Ru NCs/S-HMCs) is reported as a novel and highly active HER electrocatalyst through modified Stöber process and subsequent hydrothermal treatment, in which Ru NCs (1.64 nm in size) are uniformly anchored into S-HMCs channels. Benefiting from the unique electronic structure induced by S doping and the spatial confinement effect of the mesoporous carbon, the Ru NCs/S-HMCs catalyst exhibits excellent pH-universal HER activity, requiring only 3.5, 61.0, and 63.5 mV of overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline, neutral, and acidic electrolytes, respectively. In 1 M KOH, 0.5 M H2SO4, and 0.5 M PBS solutions, Ru NCs/S0.5-HMCs exhibits high mass activities of 21542, 2998 and 7088 mA mgRu−1 at an overpotential of -50 mV, respectively. The excellent activity stems from: (1) the pore confinement effect, which promotes the formation of ultrasmall Ru NCs (1.64 nm) and suppresses metal leaching; (2) S doping, which modulates the electronic structure of Ru and reduces the water dissociation barrier; and (3) the hollow mesoporous architecture, which accelerates mass and electron transport. This work provides insights for designing high-efficiency pH-universal electrocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"297 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shih-Hsiang Yang,Maria Isabel Alonso,Horng-Chih Lin,Pei-Wen Li
We reported experimental observation of Mie scattering effects of Si embedded Ge quantum dot (QD) arrays. The interaction of Ge QDs with Si nanolayers is characterized by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of longitudinal optical (LO) Si phonons by the strong electromagnetic fields of Ge QDs. The Mie effect is further evidenced from µ-disk arrays of Si-embedded Ge QDs, in which enhanced optical emission and heightened SERS of optical Ge and LO-Si phonons occur at the disk's edge. Notably, the LO-Si intensity appears to be an effective signature of near-field optical coupling and radiative transfer between neighboring disks.
{"title":"Probing Mie scattering effects of Si-embedded Ge spherical QD arrays using Raman analysis.","authors":"Shih-Hsiang Yang,Maria Isabel Alonso,Horng-Chih Lin,Pei-Wen Li","doi":"10.1039/d5nr05206h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr05206h","url":null,"abstract":"We reported experimental observation of Mie scattering effects of Si embedded Ge quantum dot (QD) arrays. The interaction of Ge QDs with Si nanolayers is characterized by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of longitudinal optical (LO) Si phonons by the strong electromagnetic fields of Ge QDs. The Mie effect is further evidenced from µ-disk arrays of Si-embedded Ge QDs, in which enhanced optical emission and heightened SERS of optical Ge and LO-Si phonons occur at the disk's edge. Notably, the LO-Si intensity appears to be an effective signature of near-field optical coupling and radiative transfer between neighboring disks.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zuhao Wang, Jie Gu, Yifan Leng, Long Cheng, Yuan-Yuan Hei, Chen Chen, Ruting Lin, Zonghua Pu, Hongfang Du, Liangxu Lin
Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as promising and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, their practical applications are hindered by insufficient catalytic performance. Herein, we develop a tunable cation vacancy engineering strategy to enhance the HER activity of FeP, one of the most inexpensive TMPs, via facile phosphidation and acid etching of zinc iron hexacyanoferrate (ZnFeHCF) with controllable Zn sacrificial agents. The non-exclusive incorporation of Zn²⁺ in the ZnFeHCF precursor ensures a uniform distribution of vacancies, while the adjustable Zn²⁺ content enables precise control of vacancy concentrations over a broad range (0.3-33.6%). Systematic investigations reveal that an optimal level of cation vacancies elevates the d-band center and strengthens hydrogen adsorption, thereby boosting the HER activity of FeP. Conversely, excessive cation vacancies induce severe lattice distortion and surface oxidation, resulting in deteriorated catalytic performance. At the optimized cation vacancy concentration of 16.2%, the FeP exhibits the best HER activity, with a small overpotential of 119 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², a low Tafel slope of 59.2 mV dec⁻¹, and excellent stability. This study demonstrates not only an efficient catalyst for HER but also an effective methodology for cation vacancy engineering of TMPs toward diverse applications.
过渡金属磷化物（TMPs）是一种极具发展前景和经济效益的析氢反应电催化剂。然而，它们的实际应用受到催化性能不足的阻碍。在此，我们开发了一种可调阳离子空位工程策略，通过使用可控Zn牺牲剂对六氰铁酸锌（ZnFeHCF）进行易磷化和酸蚀，来提高FeP（最便宜的TMPs之一）的HER活性。Zn 2 +在ZnFeHCF前驱体中的非排他性掺入确保了空位的均匀分布，而可调节的Zn 2 +含量可以在广泛的范围内（0.3-33.6%）精确控制空位浓度。系统研究表明，最佳水平的阳离子空位可以提高d带中心，增强氢吸附，从而提高FeP的HER活性。相反，过多的阳离子空位会引起严重的晶格畸变和表面氧化，导致催化性能恶化。在最佳的阳离子空位浓度为16.2%时，FeP表现出最好的HER活性，在10 mA cm⁻2时的过电位为119 mV，塔菲斜率为59.2 mV dec⁻1，稳定性好。该研究不仅证明了一种高效的HER催化剂，而且为TMPs的阳离子空位工程提供了一种有效的方法。
{"title":"Tunable Cation Vacancy Engineering of FeP toward Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Zuhao Wang, Jie Gu, Yifan Leng, Long Cheng, Yuan-Yuan Hei, Chen Chen, Ruting Lin, Zonghua Pu, Hongfang Du, Liangxu Lin","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04402b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04402b","url":null,"abstract":"Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have emerged as promising and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, their practical applications are hindered by insufficient catalytic performance. Herein, we develop a tunable cation vacancy engineering strategy to enhance the HER activity of FeP, one of the most inexpensive TMPs, via facile phosphidation and acid etching of zinc iron hexacyanoferrate (ZnFeHCF) with controllable Zn sacrificial agents. The non-exclusive incorporation of Zn²⁺ in the ZnFeHCF precursor ensures a uniform distribution of vacancies, while the adjustable Zn²⁺ content enables precise control of vacancy concentrations over a broad range (0.3-33.6%). Systematic investigations reveal that an optimal level of cation vacancies elevates the d-band center and strengthens hydrogen adsorption, thereby boosting the HER activity of FeP. Conversely, excessive cation vacancies induce severe lattice distortion and surface oxidation, resulting in deteriorated catalytic performance. At the optimized cation vacancy concentration of 16.2%, the FeP exhibits the best HER activity, with a small overpotential of 119 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², a low Tafel slope of 59.2 mV dec⁻¹, and excellent stability. This study demonstrates not only an efficient catalyst for HER but also an effective methodology for cation vacancy engineering of TMPs toward diverse applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"290 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146095799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monitoring organic pollutants in aquatic systems is crucial to safeguarding environmental safety and protecting public health. In this study, we synthesized a composite of Ag2WO4-decorated graphitic carbon nitride (Ag2WO4/g-CN (1:1)) and employed it as an effective electrocatalyst for the highly-performing electrochemical detection of metol (MTL). Structural and compositional characterizations confirmed the effective integration of Ag2WO4 with g-CN, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivity, an increased surface area, and greater availability of active sites. The Ag2WO4/g-CN (1:1)-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) demonstrated an extensive linear detection range (0.005-1060 μM) and a low detection limit of 5.6 nM by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis. The sensor exhibited remarkable selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, yielding reliable and satisfactory results in both river and tap water samples. These results indicate that Ag2WO4/g-CN (1:1) composites are promising electrochemical platforms for the rapid and accurate detection of organic pollutants in environmental water systems.
{"title":"Nanostructured silver tungstate rods decorated on graphitic carbon nitride: An effective electrocatalyst for electrochemical sensing of carcinogenic organic pollutant metol","authors":"Elanthamilan Elaiyappillai, Sea-Fue Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04762e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04762e","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring organic pollutants in aquatic systems is crucial to safeguarding environmental safety and protecting public health. In this study, we synthesized a composite of Ag2WO4-decorated graphitic carbon nitride (Ag2WO4/g-CN (1:1)) and employed it as an effective electrocatalyst for the highly-performing electrochemical detection of metol (MTL). Structural and compositional characterizations confirmed the effective integration of Ag2WO4 with g-CN, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivity, an increased surface area, and greater availability of active sites. The Ag2WO4/g-CN (1:1)-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) demonstrated an extensive linear detection range (0.005-1060 μM) and a low detection limit of 5.6 nM by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis. The sensor exhibited remarkable selectivity, reproducibility, and long-term stability, yielding reliable and satisfactory results in both river and tap water samples. These results indicate that Ag2WO4/g-CN (1:1) composites are promising electrochemical platforms for the rapid and accurate detection of organic pollutants in environmental water systems.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiyu Liu, Yujie Cheng, Bing Xiong, Xiao Li, Jihui Zhu, Changchun Long, Shi-Jie Yuan, Zhongping Cheng, L Wang
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have been identified as secondary intracellular messengers that exacerbate ovarian cancer progression. Eliminating ROS from the tumor microenvironment presents a compelling strategy for ovarian cancer treatment.In this study, we synthesized a unique spherical petal-like ZnO-NiO p-n junction and evaluated its effectiveness as a ROS scavenger, aiming to curb the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Through CCK-8 assays, colony formation tests, and Transwell co-culture experiments, we observed that the ZnO-NiO junction curtails ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration, all while ensuring negligible toxicity to normal human granulosa KGN cells. The anti-cancer efficacy of ZnO-NiO was further validated in vivo, employing an ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis model.Techniques such as IVIS in vivo imaging, H & E staining, and Ki-67 immunostaining collectively attested that ZnO-NiO markedly obstruct ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. Notably, ZnO-NiO effectively alleviated the elevated levels of ROS induced by ovarian cancer cells in normal cells, and also reduced the oxidative stress levels in an ovarian cancer mouse model. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of ZnO-NiO as a novel therapeutic avenue for ovarian cancer. They also amplify the promise of ROS-scavenging nanoparticles in clinical contexts. The pioneering work on ZnO-NiO not only heralds a promising intervention against ovarian cancer but also stimulates future explorations in ROS-centric cancer therapies.
{"title":"Spherical petal-like ZnO-NiO p-n junction as an excellent ROS scavenger to inhibit the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells","authors":"Shiyu Liu, Yujie Cheng, Bing Xiong, Xiao Li, Jihui Zhu, Changchun Long, Shi-Jie Yuan, Zhongping Cheng, L Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04426j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04426j","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) have been identified as secondary intracellular messengers that exacerbate ovarian cancer progression. Eliminating ROS from the tumor microenvironment presents a compelling strategy for ovarian cancer treatment.In this study, we synthesized a unique spherical petal-like ZnO-NiO p-n junction and evaluated its effectiveness as a ROS scavenger, aiming to curb the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Through CCK-8 assays, colony formation tests, and Transwell co-culture experiments, we observed that the ZnO-NiO junction curtails ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration, all while ensuring negligible toxicity to normal human granulosa KGN cells. The anti-cancer efficacy of ZnO-NiO was further validated in vivo, employing an ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis model.Techniques such as IVIS in vivo imaging, H & E staining, and Ki-67 immunostaining collectively attested that ZnO-NiO markedly obstruct ovarian cancer growth and metastasis. Notably, ZnO-NiO effectively alleviated the elevated levels of ROS induced by ovarian cancer cells in normal cells, and also reduced the oxidative stress levels in an ovarian cancer mouse model. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of ZnO-NiO as a novel therapeutic avenue for ovarian cancer. They also amplify the promise of ROS-scavenging nanoparticles in clinical contexts. The pioneering work on ZnO-NiO not only heralds a promising intervention against ovarian cancer but also stimulates future explorations in ROS-centric cancer therapies.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhekun Chen, Kuiting Chen, Chun Xie, Yingxin Hu, Fei Xu, Linqiang Pan
Self-replication of species under selective pressures is crucial in biological evolution and diversity. Despite some successes with artificial selection and replication DNA systems, constructing a self-replication system under temperature selective pressure remains largely out of reach. In this work, we presented a temperature-responsive DNA origami system that selectively replicates a seed pattern at each replication cycle. Two dimer species with different conformation were constructed by incorporating a temperature-responsive module in the origami system (dimer AB at 25 °C and dimer AC at 45 °C). The dimer template serves as a seed to crystallize a ladder-like structure on cooling. The ladder structures were then cross-linked using T4 ligase and heated to yield the offspring dimers with identical conformation. The replication of temperature-selected origami dimers was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis, AFM images, and fluorescence measurements. The proposed temperature-selective replication system contributes to fundamental studies of selection and evolution, as well as the design, fabrication, and directed evolution of nanomaterials.
{"title":"Self-replication of DNA cross-tile patterns from temperature-selected species","authors":"Zhekun Chen, Kuiting Chen, Chun Xie, Yingxin Hu, Fei Xu, Linqiang Pan","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04446d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04446d","url":null,"abstract":"Self-replication of species under selective pressures is crucial in biological evolution and diversity. Despite some successes with artificial selection and replication DNA systems, constructing a self-replication system under temperature selective pressure remains largely out of reach. In this work, we presented a temperature-responsive DNA origami system that selectively replicates a seed pattern at each replication cycle. Two dimer species with different conformation were constructed by incorporating a temperature-responsive module in the origami system (dimer AB at 25 °C and dimer AC at 45 °C). The dimer template serves as a seed to crystallize a ladder-like structure on cooling. The ladder structures were then cross-linked using T4 ligase and heated to yield the offspring dimers with identical conformation. The replication of temperature-selected origami dimers was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis, AFM images, and fluorescence measurements. The proposed temperature-selective replication system contributes to fundamental studies of selection and evolution, as well as the design, fabrication, and directed evolution of nanomaterials.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yao Li, Longlong Qiao, Yuxin Liu, Shenhao Wang, Yifei Xue, Lin Chen, Yilun Cao, Huiwu Yu
The spontaneous spheroidization of micro-nano materials during high-temperature melting poses a fundamental barrier to achieving morphological diversity and structural control. Here, we propose a laser-electromagnetic field synergistic strategy to overcome this limitation by enabling precise "micro-casting" under extreme thermo-mechanical conditions. Through controlled melting, rotation-driven deformation, and ultrafast solidification of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles in a liquid medium, we successfully fabricate well-defined non-spherical architectures-including dumbbell-shaped and toroidal structures-with feature sizes down to 800 nm. Multiphysics simulations reveal the underlying competition mechanism between deformation and cooling timescales and quantify the decisive role of the Bond number in shaping the final morphology. Notably, the as-prepared structures exhibit remarkable similarity in both morphology and formation mechanism to lunar microtektites, providing ground-based experimental evidence for understanding impact-induced morphological evolution. This work not only advances a novel field-assisted route for micro-/nanofabrication beyond spheroidization but also opens a pathway for the bio-inspired design and synthesis of complex functional micro-/nanostructures.
{"title":"Field-Directed Micro-Casting of Non-Spherical Nanostructures: Overcoming High-Temperature Spheroidization for Bio-Inspired Design","authors":"Yao Li, Longlong Qiao, Yuxin Liu, Shenhao Wang, Yifei Xue, Lin Chen, Yilun Cao, Huiwu Yu","doi":"10.1039/d5nr05257b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr05257b","url":null,"abstract":"The spontaneous spheroidization of micro-nano materials during high-temperature melting poses a fundamental barrier to achieving morphological diversity and structural control. Here, we propose a laser-electromagnetic field synergistic strategy to overcome this limitation by enabling precise \"micro-casting\" under extreme thermo-mechanical conditions. Through controlled melting, rotation-driven deformation, and ultrafast solidification of α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles in a liquid medium, we successfully fabricate well-defined non-spherical architectures-including dumbbell-shaped and toroidal structures-with feature sizes down to 800 nm. Multiphysics simulations reveal the underlying competition mechanism between deformation and cooling timescales and quantify the decisive role of the Bond number in shaping the final morphology. Notably, the as-prepared structures exhibit remarkable similarity in both morphology and formation mechanism to lunar microtektites, providing ground-based experimental evidence for understanding impact-induced morphological evolution. This work not only advances a novel field-assisted route for micro-/nanofabrication beyond spheroidization but also opens a pathway for the bio-inspired design and synthesis of complex functional micro-/nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biao Wang, Kaibo Fan, Kai Cao, Haozhong Huang, Xiaowu Fu, Jie Chen, Chenyang Zhang, Li Wang, Yong Zhao, Zhengguang Hu
Lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes are promising for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries but are hindered by poor cycling stability and rate capability. This study demonstrates that synergistic Zn2+ doping and Al2O3 coating effectively enhance their electrochemical performance. Structural analyses reveal that moderate Zn doping (LNCM@Zn2) expands the (003) interplanar spacing from 0.47 nm to 0.496 nm, lowers Li+ diffusion barriers, and suppresses transition-metal cation mixing. These modifications yield an initial discharge capacity of 276.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1C with improved rate performance. However, excessive doping (LNCM@Zn3) induces lattice overexpansion, causing structural instability and capacity fade. Concurrently, the Al2O3 coating acts as a protective layer, mitigating structural degradation and enhancing interfacial conductivity. The dual-modified Zn-doped and Al2O3-coated LNCM exhibits significantly enhanced cycling stability and superior high-rate capability compared to pristine materials. Optimal performance is achieved with the co-modified LNCM@Zn2@Al2O3, which maintains high discharge capacity at high current densities due to the combined benefits of the stabilized bulk structure (Zn doping) and protected surface (Al2O3). These results establish Zn doping coupled with Al2O3 coating as a viable strategy for developing high-performance LNCM for next-generation batteries.
富锂锰基阴极有望用于高能量密度锂离子电池，但循环稳定性和倍率能力差阻碍了它的发展。研究表明，协同Zn2+掺杂和Al2O3涂层有效地提高了其电化学性能。结构分析表明，适量的Zn掺杂（LNCM@Zn2）使（003）的面间距从0.47 nm扩大到0.496 nm，降低了Li+的扩散势垒，抑制了过渡金属阳离子的混合。这些改进在0.1C下产生276.4 mAh g−1的初始放电容量，并提高了倍率性能。然而，过量掺杂（LNCM@Zn3）会导致晶格过度膨胀，导致结构不稳定和容量衰减。同时，Al2O3涂层作为保护层，减轻了结构降解，提高了界面导电性。与原始材料相比，双改性掺杂锌和al2o3涂层的LNCM具有显著增强的循环稳定性和优越的高倍率性能。协同改性LNCM@Zn2@Al2O3的性能达到了最佳，由于稳定的体结构（Zn掺杂）和保护的表面（Al2O3）的综合优势，该材料在高电流密度下保持了高放电容量。这些结果表明，锌掺杂与Al2O3涂层耦合是开发下一代高性能LNCM的可行策略。
{"title":"Synergistically modified lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes via Zn doping and Al2O3 coating for enhanced lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Biao Wang, Kaibo Fan, Kai Cao, Haozhong Huang, Xiaowu Fu, Jie Chen, Chenyang Zhang, Li Wang, Yong Zhao, Zhengguang Hu","doi":"10.1039/d5nr03533c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr03533c","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes are promising for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries but are hindered by poor cycling stability and rate capability. This study demonstrates that synergistic Zn<small><sup>2+</sup></small> doping and Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small> coating effectively enhance their electrochemical performance. Structural analyses reveal that moderate Zn doping (LNCM@Zn2) expands the (003) interplanar spacing from 0.47 nm to 0.496 nm, lowers Li<small><sup>+</sup></small> diffusion barriers, and suppresses transition-metal cation mixing. These modifications yield an initial discharge capacity of 276.4 mAh g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 0.1C with improved rate performance. However, excessive doping (LNCM@Zn3) induces lattice overexpansion, causing structural instability and capacity fade. Concurrently, the Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small> coating acts as a protective layer, mitigating structural degradation and enhancing interfacial conductivity. The dual-modified Zn-doped and Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small>-coated LNCM exhibits significantly enhanced cycling stability and superior high-rate capability compared to pristine materials. Optimal performance is achieved with the co-modified LNCM@Zn2@Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small>, which maintains high discharge capacity at high current densities due to the combined benefits of the stabilized bulk structure (Zn doping) and protected surface (Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small>). These results establish Zn doping coupled with Al<small><sub>2</sub></small>O<small><sub>3</sub></small> coating as a viable strategy for developing high-performance LNCM for next-generation batteries.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yao Zhang, Yizhong Yuan, Huimei Yu, Jinyu Sun, Xiaohui Tian, Chunhua Cai
Low hysteresis and mechanical toughness are important to improve the accuracy and timeframe of use of flexible sensors.However, constructing conductive flexible sensors with high mechanical strength, low hysteresis, and high toughness simultaneously remains a challenge. In this work, we construct an entangled crosslinked topological network with physical interactions to fabricate conductive flexible sensors with high mechanical properties, toughness, and hysteresis. Predeacetylated Chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) were grafted onto epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), and then PANI was polymerized in situ. ChNCs with amino groups serve as templates for ANI polymerisation and provide junctions in the crosslinked network, enhancing molecular chain entanglement and crosslinking. Upon loading, molecular chain conformations spontaneously adjust to equilibrium. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions with low strength exist between the polymer matrix and conductive fibres, which could rapidly break and reform during cyclic deformation. Therefore, the synergistic interaction of topology network and physical interaction endows materials with high mechanical properties (2.5 MPa, 1000%) and low energy dissipation ratio (13.6% in 300% cyclic strain) and hysteresis (13.3% in 300% cyclic strain). This work shows an effective method to prepare conductive flexible sensors with high toughness, high strength and low hysteresis for human body signals detection. The sensor shows a good electrical response to external stress, which can be used to monitor the movement of human joints. This work develops an effective strategy for manufacturing tough conductive sensors exhibiting low hysteresis, high toughness, and strength, indicating potential for healthcare technologies.
{"title":"Conductive epoxidized natural rubber/Chitin nanocrystals/Polyaniline composite with high toughness, high strength, and low-hysteresis as flexible strain sensors","authors":"Yao Zhang, Yizhong Yuan, Huimei Yu, Jinyu Sun, Xiaohui Tian, Chunhua Cai","doi":"10.1039/d5nr04758g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr04758g","url":null,"abstract":"Low hysteresis and mechanical toughness are important to improve the accuracy and timeframe of use of flexible sensors.However, constructing conductive flexible sensors with high mechanical strength, low hysteresis, and high toughness simultaneously remains a challenge. In this work, we construct an entangled crosslinked topological network with physical interactions to fabricate conductive flexible sensors with high mechanical properties, toughness, and hysteresis. Predeacetylated Chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) were grafted onto epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), and then PANI was polymerized in situ. ChNCs with amino groups serve as templates for ANI polymerisation and provide junctions in the crosslinked network, enhancing molecular chain entanglement and crosslinking. Upon loading, molecular chain conformations spontaneously adjust to equilibrium. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions with low strength exist between the polymer matrix and conductive fibres, which could rapidly break and reform during cyclic deformation. Therefore, the synergistic interaction of topology network and physical interaction endows materials with high mechanical properties (2.5 MPa, 1000%) and low energy dissipation ratio (13.6% in 300% cyclic strain) and hysteresis (13.3% in 300% cyclic strain). This work shows an effective method to prepare conductive flexible sensors with high toughness, high strength and low hysteresis for human body signals detection. The sensor shows a good electrical response to external stress, which can be used to monitor the movement of human joints. This work develops an effective strategy for manufacturing tough conductive sensors exhibiting low hysteresis, high toughness, and strength, indicating potential for healthcare technologies.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen Jiang, Jiadong Wang, He Ren, Fuzhen Hu, Shiying Dong, Gengqi Liu, Jiexin Li, Nan Zhang, Wenjin Liang, Yumiao Zhang
Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has attracted attentions for cancer treatment. However, ferroptosis resistance in pancreatic cancer, mediated by hyperactivated System Xc⁻/SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 axis and YAP-driven SLC7A11 overexpression, remains a major therapeutic challenge. To overcome this, we screened various metalloporphyrins and identified Cu-based verteporfin as an effective YAP inhibitor, so that a tumor-targeted nanosystem termed CuVP-F127-IKE-Mem was developed that integrated the YAP inhibitor copperverteporfin metalloporphyrin and the ferroptosis inducer imidazole ketone erastin IKE into cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles. This system exhibited pH-responsive dissociation in the acidic tumor microenvironment, leading to YAP activity suppression and SLC7A11 transcription downregulation by the released verteporfin to block antioxidant synthesis, while IKE concurrently inhibits SLC7A11 function. This dual action synergistically disrupts redox homeostasis by crippling the System Xc⁻/SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 defense axis. In pancreatic cancers, CuVP-F127-IKE-Mem significantly enhances ferroptosis sensitivity, suppresses YAP/SLC7A11 signaling, and exhibits potent tumor growth inhibition in vivo. This YAP-targeted transcriptional regulation strategy establishes a new paradigm for overcoming ferroptosis resistance.
铁死亡是一种由脂质过氧化作用驱动的铁依赖性细胞死亡形式，已引起癌症治疗的关注。然而，高激活的Xc - /SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4轴和yap驱动的SLC7A11过表达介导的胰腺癌对铁下沉的抵抗仍然是一个主要的治疗挑战。为了克服这一问题，我们筛选了多种金属卟啉，并鉴定出铜基维托芬是一种有效的YAP抑制剂，因此我们开发了一种名为cuvp - f127 - iki - mem的肿瘤靶向纳米系统，该系统将YAP抑制剂铜基维托芬金属卟啉和铁凋亡诱导剂咪唑酮erastin IKE整合到癌细胞膜包被的纳米颗粒中。该系统在酸性肿瘤微环境中表现出ph响应性解离，导致YAP活性抑制和SLC7A11转录下调，释放的verteporfin阻断抗氧化剂合成，而IKE同时抑制SLC7A11功能。这种双重作用通过破坏系统Xc /SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4防御轴协同破坏氧化还原稳态。在胰腺癌中，cuvp - f127 - iki - mem显著增强铁凋亡敏感性，抑制YAP/SLC7A11信号传导，并在体内表现出有效的肿瘤生长抑制作用。这种以yap为目标的转录调控策略为克服铁下垂抗性建立了新的范例。
{"title":"Copper-Verteporfin Coordination Nanoparticles to Reverse Ferroptosis Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Therapy","authors":"Zhen Jiang, Jiadong Wang, He Ren, Fuzhen Hu, Shiying Dong, Gengqi Liu, Jiexin Li, Nan Zhang, Wenjin Liang, Yumiao Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5nr05059f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5nr05059f","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, has attracted attentions for cancer treatment. However, ferroptosis resistance in pancreatic cancer, mediated by hyperactivated System Xc⁻/SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 axis and YAP-driven SLC7A11 overexpression, remains a major therapeutic challenge. To overcome this, we screened various metalloporphyrins and identified Cu-based verteporfin as an effective YAP inhibitor, so that a tumor-targeted nanosystem termed CuVP-F127-IKE-Mem was developed that integrated the YAP inhibitor copperverteporfin metalloporphyrin and the ferroptosis inducer imidazole ketone erastin IKE into cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles. This system exhibited pH-responsive dissociation in the acidic tumor microenvironment, leading to YAP activity suppression and SLC7A11 transcription downregulation by the released verteporfin to block antioxidant synthesis, while IKE concurrently inhibits SLC7A11 function. This dual action synergistically disrupts redox homeostasis by crippling the System Xc⁻/SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 defense axis. In pancreatic cancers, CuVP-F127-IKE-Mem significantly enhances ferroptosis sensitivity, suppresses YAP/SLC7A11 signaling, and exhibits potent tumor growth inhibition in vivo. This YAP-targeted transcriptional regulation strategy establishes a new paradigm for overcoming ferroptosis resistance.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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