chun li, Guangtai Zhang, Yujuan Wang, Kedong Bi, Jun Yang
Directional transport of droplets is crucial for industrial applications and chemical engineering processes, with significant potential demonstrated in water harvesting, microfluidics, and heat transfer. In this work, we present a novel approach to achieving the self-driving behavior of nanodroplets in a two-dimensional nanochannel via a strain gradient. Our findings reveal that a small strain gradient imposed along a nanochannel constructed by parallel surfaces can induce water transport at ultrafast velocities (O(102 m/s)), far exceeding macroscale predictions. Certainly, a larger strain gradient further enhances droplet transport velocity. Additionally, combining a strain gradient with nonparallel surfaces results in up to a 150% increase in transport efficiency. Furthermore, we show that this spontaneous transport mechanism is applicable to nanochannels composed of various 2D materials and successfully establish a reliable theoretical model. These simulation results provide new insights into the directional transport of nanodroplets in 2D nanochannels, opening avenues for advanced applications in nanotechnology and fluid dynamics.
{"title":"Superfast nanodroplet propulsion in 2D nanochannels tuned by strain gradients","authors":"chun li, Guangtai Zhang, Yujuan Wang, Kedong Bi, Jun Yang","doi":"10.1039/d4nr03744h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr03744h","url":null,"abstract":"Directional transport of droplets is crucial for industrial applications and chemical engineering processes, with significant potential demonstrated in water harvesting, microfluidics, and heat transfer. In this work, we present a novel approach to achieving the self-driving behavior of nanodroplets in a two-dimensional nanochannel via a strain gradient. Our findings reveal that a small strain gradient imposed along a nanochannel constructed by parallel surfaces can induce water transport at ultrafast velocities (O(102 m/s)), far exceeding macroscale predictions. Certainly, a larger strain gradient further enhances droplet transport velocity. Additionally, combining a strain gradient with nonparallel surfaces results in up to a 150% increase in transport efficiency. Furthermore, we show that this spontaneous transport mechanism is applicable to nanochannels composed of various 2D materials and successfully establish a reliable theoretical model. These simulation results provide new insights into the directional transport of nanodroplets in 2D nanochannels, opening avenues for advanced applications in nanotechnology and fluid dynamics.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiangtao Zhu, Quan Zhang, Caiyun Wang, Yanhong Feng, Gaocan Qi, Yuanyuan Zhang, Kang Lian, Jun Luo, Xijun Liu
The CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) show great promise for expanding the use of renewable energy sources and fostering carbon neutrality. Sn-based catalysts show CO2RR activity; however, they have been rarely reported in ORR. Herein, we prepared a nitrogen-carbon structure loaded by Fe-doped Sn nanoparticles (Fe-Sn/NC), which has good ORR and CO2RR activity. The results reveal that the Fe-Sn/NC catalysts deliver a high FECO of 99.0% at a low overpotential of 0.47 V in an H-type cell for over 100 h. Notably, a peak powder density of 1.36 mW cm-2 is achieved in Zn-CO2 battery with the Fe-Sn/NC cathode at discharge current densities varies from 2.0~4.0 mA cm-2, and the FECO remains above 99.0%. Due to efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance and Zn-air battery (ZAB) characteristics, ZAB-driven CO2RR has strong catalytic stability. This work proves that Fe-Sn/NC enhances the performance of CO2RR and ORR, and the study of Zn-based batteries provides a new research direction for energy conversion.
{"title":"Improved performances toward electrochemical carbon dioxide and oxygen reductions by iron-doped stannum nanoparticles","authors":"Jiangtao Zhu, Quan Zhang, Caiyun Wang, Yanhong Feng, Gaocan Qi, Yuanyuan Zhang, Kang Lian, Jun Luo, Xijun Liu","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04843a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04843a","url":null,"abstract":"The CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) show great promise for expanding the use of renewable energy sources and fostering carbon neutrality. Sn-based catalysts show CO2RR activity; however, they have been rarely reported in ORR. Herein, we prepared a nitrogen-carbon structure loaded by Fe-doped Sn nanoparticles (Fe-Sn/NC), which has good ORR and CO2RR activity. The results reveal that the Fe-Sn/NC catalysts deliver a high FECO of 99.0% at a low overpotential of 0.47 V in an H-type cell for over 100 h. Notably, a peak powder density of 1.36 mW cm-2 is achieved in Zn-CO2 battery with the Fe-Sn/NC cathode at discharge current densities varies from 2.0~4.0 mA cm-2, and the FECO remains above 99.0%. Due to efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance and Zn-air battery (ZAB) characteristics, ZAB-driven CO2RR has strong catalytic stability. This work proves that Fe-Sn/NC enhances the performance of CO2RR and ORR, and the study of Zn-based batteries provides a new research direction for energy conversion.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eliminating hazardous antibiotics from aquatic environments has become a major concern in recent years. Tetracycline (TC) compounds pose a challenge for the selective degradation of harmful chemical groups. In this study, we successfully designed carbon vacancies in a gC3N4@WC (GW) heterostructure for the effective removal of TC pollutants under visible light. The carbon vacancies in the GW heterostructure were confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The introduction of defects into the as-prepared GW heterostructure significantly impacted the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst. Moreover, defect formation results in enhanced light utilization, a large surface area, and the exposure of numerous active sites, thereby improving the redox capability and facilitating the efficiency of charge carriers during the photocatalytic degradation of TC. The photoluminescence and electrochemical analysis revealed that the GW3 heterostructure has a low recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which enhances the consumption of visible light. The as-prepared GW3 catalyst exhibits the highest degradation efficiency and kinetic rate constants of 92.73% and 0.0218 min−1 within 120 min, respectively. ESR and radical trapping experiments confirmed that ˙O2− radicals were the primary active species associated with the remarkable TC photodegradation activity. The degradation mechanism and intermediate reaction pathways of TC were investigated using density functional theory and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy studies. An in vivo model of C. elegans was used to investigate the toxicological effects of TC degradation. Therefore, this study proposes a method for the construction of dynamic and pioneering semiconductor catalysts to eliminate organic pollutants via photocatalysis.
{"title":"Defect-assisted surface modification of a g-C3N4@WC heterostructure for tetracycline degradation: DFT calculations, degradation pathways, and nematode-based ecological assessment","authors":"Athibala Mariappan, Govindhan Thiruppathi, Govindan Bharath, Palanisamy Sundararaj, Ranjith Kumar Dharman, Tae Hwan Oh","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04222k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04222k","url":null,"abstract":"Eliminating hazardous antibiotics from aquatic environments has become a major concern in recent years. Tetracycline (TC) compounds pose a challenge for the selective degradation of harmful chemical groups. In this study, we successfully designed carbon vacancies in a gC<small><sub>3</sub></small>N<small><sub>4</sub></small>@WC (GW) heterostructure for the effective removal of TC pollutants under visible light. The carbon vacancies in the GW heterostructure were confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The introduction of defects into the as-prepared GW heterostructure significantly impacted the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst. Moreover, defect formation results in enhanced light utilization, a large surface area, and the exposure of numerous active sites, thereby improving the redox capability and facilitating the efficiency of charge carriers during the photocatalytic degradation of TC. The photoluminescence and electrochemical analysis revealed that the GW3 heterostructure has a low recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, which enhances the consumption of visible light. The as-prepared GW3 catalyst exhibits the highest degradation efficiency and kinetic rate constants of 92.73% and 0.0218 min<small><sup>−1</sup></small> within 120 min, respectively. ESR and radical trapping experiments confirmed that ˙O<small><sub>2</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small> radicals were the primary active species associated with the remarkable TC photodegradation activity. The degradation mechanism and intermediate reaction pathways of TC were investigated using density functional theory and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy studies. An <em>in vivo</em> model of <em>C. elegans</em> was used to investigate the toxicological effects of TC degradation. Therefore, this study proposes a method for the construction of dynamic and pioneering semiconductor catalysts to eliminate organic pollutants <em>via</em> photocatalysis.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingxian Yang, Mengyao Chen, Ruihao Li, Yanting Sun, Pingting Ye, Kang Fang, Chunhui Wang, Shuo Shi, Chunyan Dong
The exclusion of immune cells from the tumor can limit the effectiveness of the immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway plays a crucial role in priming adaptive anti-tumor immunity through type I interferons (IFNs) production, facilitating the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and the function of T cells. Although the increased programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression upon STING activation is favorable for amplifying the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and realizing combination therapy, the penetration barrier remains a major obstacle. Herein, we fabricated a smart-responsive nanosystem (B&V@ZB-MCL) by integrating the extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading drug losartan with STING agonist (Vadimezan, abbreviated as Vad) and PD-L1 inhibitor (BMS-1). Losartan was first released in the acidic tumor microenvironment to overcome physical barrier, enhancing the penetration of immunotherapeutic components. Under the triggering of 1O2 generated by photosensitizer (Ce6), the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive degradation of nanocore ensure the site-directed release of Vad and BMS-1. The released Vad and damaged tumor DNA activated immune responses through cGAS-STING pathway, while the elevated expression level of PD-L1 promoted the anti-tumor effect of BMS-1. Significant degradation of collagen fibers, restoration in immune effector cells, and lower tumor volume were observed in this integrating triple drug sequential therapy, which provides a promising prospect for the TNBC treatment.
{"title":"A Responsive Cocktail Nano-strategy Breaking the Immune Excluded State Enhances Immunotherapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer","authors":"Jingxian Yang, Mengyao Chen, Ruihao Li, Yanting Sun, Pingting Ye, Kang Fang, Chunhui Wang, Shuo Shi, Chunyan Dong","doi":"10.1039/d4nr03054k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr03054k","url":null,"abstract":"The exclusion of immune cells from the tumor can limit the effectiveness of the immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway plays a crucial role in priming adaptive anti-tumor immunity through type I interferons (IFNs) production, facilitating the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and the function of T cells. Although the increased programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression upon STING activation is favorable for amplifying the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and realizing combination therapy, the penetration barrier remains a major obstacle. Herein, we fabricated a smart-responsive nanosystem (B&V@ZB-MCL) by integrating the extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading drug losartan with STING agonist (Vadimezan, abbreviated as Vad) and PD-L1 inhibitor (BMS-1). Losartan was first released in the acidic tumor microenvironment to overcome physical barrier, enhancing the penetration of immunotherapeutic components. Under the triggering of 1O2 generated by photosensitizer (Ce6), the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive degradation of nanocore ensure the site-directed release of Vad and BMS-1. The released Vad and damaged tumor DNA activated immune responses through cGAS-STING pathway, while the elevated expression level of PD-L1 promoted the anti-tumor effect of BMS-1. Significant degradation of collagen fibers, restoration in immune effector cells, and lower tumor volume were observed in this integrating triple drug sequential therapy, which provides a promising prospect for the TNBC treatment.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Wang, Na Jin, Zheyu Xie, Qichao Cheng, Bo Jiang, Yajun Shuai, Zongpu Xu, Quan Wan, Yuyin Chen, Chuanbin Mao, Mingying Yang
Gold nanorods (AuNRs) have shown great potential as photothermal agents for cancer therapy. However, the biosafety of AuNRs ordinarily synthesized using cationic ligand assistance procedure has always been a subject of controversy, which limits their application in tumor therapy. In this study, we propose a novel strategy to enhance the biocompatibility of AuNRs by constructing a biological coating derived from silk fibroin (SF) on their surface. The SF coating could be easily and precisely manipulated using a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly method. The resulting SF-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs@SF) exhibited reduced cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility compared to untreated AuNRs. Moreover, the nanorods was easily modified with a tumor-targeting peptide (AuNRs@MTSF) and efficiently loaded indocyanine green (ICG). In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that the AuNRs@MTSF nanorods could more effectively reach tumor tissue and enter MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, after loading ICG, the AuNRs@MTSF exhibited superior antitumor efficacy compared to other groups by combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photothermal therapy (PTT) under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation without inducing any side effects. This work suggests that SF-coating for gold nanorods is a potential approach to improve the biocompatibility, and the function-modified AuNRs@SF are effective nanoplatform for targeted and multimodal tumor therapy.
{"title":"Gold nanorods coated by self-assembled silk fibroin for improving their biocompatibility and facilitating targeted photothermal-photodynamic cancer therapy","authors":"Jie Wang, Na Jin, Zheyu Xie, Qichao Cheng, Bo Jiang, Yajun Shuai, Zongpu Xu, Quan Wan, Yuyin Chen, Chuanbin Mao, Mingying Yang","doi":"10.1039/d4nr03641g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr03641g","url":null,"abstract":"Gold nanorods (AuNRs) have shown great potential as photothermal agents for cancer therapy. However, the biosafety of AuNRs ordinarily synthesized using cationic ligand assistance procedure has always been a subject of controversy, which limits their application in tumor therapy. In this study, we propose a novel strategy to enhance the biocompatibility of AuNRs by constructing a biological coating derived from silk fibroin (SF) on their surface. The SF coating could be easily and precisely manipulated using a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly method. The resulting SF-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs@SF) exhibited reduced cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility compared to untreated AuNRs. Moreover, the nanorods was easily modified with a tumor-targeting peptide (AuNRs@MTSF) and efficiently loaded indocyanine green (ICG). In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated that the AuNRs@MTSF nanorods could more effectively reach tumor tissue and enter MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, after loading ICG, the AuNRs@MTSF exhibited superior antitumor efficacy compared to other groups by combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photothermal therapy (PTT) under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation without inducing any side effects. This work suggests that SF-coating for gold nanorods is a potential approach to improve the biocompatibility, and the function-modified AuNRs@SF are effective nanoplatform for targeted and multimodal tumor therapy.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarathkumar E, Kunnumpurathu Jibin, Subramani Sivaselvam, Selva Sharma Arumugam, Vincent Alexandar, A. N. Resmi, Poornima Velswamy, Ramapurath S Jayasree
The widespread adoption and commercialization of lateral flow assay (LFA) for clinical diagnosis has been hindered by limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and the absence of quantitative data. To address these challenges, we developed aptamer-architectured gold nanoparticles as nanozymes that catalytically convert para-phenylenediamine (PPD) into Bandrowski's base (BB), thereby amplifying signal strength and sensitivity. The physiochemical properties of the nanozymes were characterized, and their specific binding efficiency was demonstrated using experimental studies. The nanozyme and PPD based LFA test strips were evaluated for the detection of the Covid-19 spike protein in both test and clinical samples. Notably, we achieved a significant visual detection limit of 168 pg/mL, with a signal quality enhancement of over 20-fold within a rapid 15-minute timeframe. Moreover, we rigorously tested 25 clinical samples to assess the transformative potential of the product, demonstrating a semi-quantitative analysis efficiency exceeding 90%. This performance outstripped commercially available LFA kits (87.5%). Notably, the colorimetric system exhibited an R2 value of 0.9989, a critical factor for clinical testing and industry integration. The incorporation of nanozymes and PPD in LFAs offers a cost-effective solution with significantly improved sensitivity, enabling the detection of ultra-low concentrations (picograms) of Covid-19 spike protein. By addressing key challenges in LFA based diagnostics, the current technique underscores the potential of this transformative biomedical sensor for industry integration. It also highlights its suitability for commercialization, positioning it as a universal platform for diagnostic applications.
{"title":"Aptamer-Architectured Plasmonic Nanozyme using Paraphenylenediamine for Transforming Chemical Signal Enhancement in Lateral Flow Assays","authors":"Sarathkumar E, Kunnumpurathu Jibin, Subramani Sivaselvam, Selva Sharma Arumugam, Vincent Alexandar, A. N. Resmi, Poornima Velswamy, Ramapurath S Jayasree","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04130e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04130e","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread adoption and commercialization of lateral flow assay (LFA) for clinical diagnosis has been hindered by limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and the absence of quantitative data. To address these challenges, we developed aptamer-architectured gold nanoparticles as nanozymes that catalytically convert para-phenylenediamine (PPD) into Bandrowski's base (BB), thereby amplifying signal strength and sensitivity. The physiochemical properties of the nanozymes were characterized, and their specific binding efficiency was demonstrated using experimental studies. The nanozyme and PPD based LFA test strips were evaluated for the detection of the Covid-19 spike protein in both test and clinical samples. Notably, we achieved a significant visual detection limit of 168 pg/mL, with a signal quality enhancement of over 20-fold within a rapid 15-minute timeframe. Moreover, we rigorously tested 25 clinical samples to assess the transformative potential of the product, demonstrating a semi-quantitative analysis efficiency exceeding 90%. This performance outstripped commercially available LFA kits (87.5%). Notably, the colorimetric system exhibited an R2 value of 0.9989, a critical factor for clinical testing and industry integration. The incorporation of nanozymes and PPD in LFAs offers a cost-effective solution with significantly improved sensitivity, enabling the detection of ultra-low concentrations (picograms) of Covid-19 spike protein. By addressing key challenges in LFA based diagnostics, the current technique underscores the potential of this transformative biomedical sensor for industry integration. It also highlights its suitability for commercialization, positioning it as a universal platform for diagnostic applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, possess exceptional properties such as high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and chemical versatility, making them ideal candidates for various dialysis applications. One prominent application of MXenes lies in the efficient removal of toxic metals and harmful dyes from wastewater. Their unique structure allows for rapid adsorption and selective separation, significantly improving purification processes. MXenes show great promise in the therapeutic management of acute kidney injury, where their biocompatibility and ability to facilitate toxin removal can mitigate damage to renal tissues. In hemodialysis, MXenes can enhance membrane performance through improved permeability and selectivity, leading to more effective clearance of waste products. Despite the potential of MXene-based composites in dialysis applications, several challenges loom large on the horizon. The stability of MXenes in physiological environments is a critical concern, as they can undergo oxidation or degradation, which may compromise their functionality over time. The scalability of synthesis processes remains a significant barrier; producing high-quality MXene materials in sufficient quantities for clinical use is not yet fully realized. Moreover, ensuring biocompatibility is paramount, as any adverse reactions could lead to inflammation or other complications in patients. The integration of MXenes into existing dialysis systems requires meticulous engineering to maintain optimal filtration properties while avoiding clogging or fouling. The future of MXenes and their composites in dialysis presents a promising horizon, teeming with potential innovations. The development of hybrid materials that utilize MXenes alongside other nanomaterials can lead to multifunctional systems, capable of addressing multiple challenges faced in dialysis treatments. Advancements in fabrication techniques may allow for tailored porosity, enabling customized dialysis solutions for individual patients. Research into surface modifications and composites can enhance their stability and functionality, potentially overcoming current limitations. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape of MXenes in dialysis, highlighting their applications, challenges, and future directions. This review explores the diverse applications of MXenes in the field of dialysis, focusing on their roles in the removal of toxic metals and dyes, therapy for acute kidney injury, and hemodialysis enhancement.
{"title":"Innovative Applications of MXenes in Dialysis: Enhancing Filtration Efficiency","authors":"Pouya Javaherchi, Atefeh Zarepour, Arezoo Khosravi, Parisa Heydari, Siavash Iravani, Ali Zarrabi","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04329d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04329d","url":null,"abstract":"MXenes, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, possess exceptional properties such as high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and chemical versatility, making them ideal candidates for various dialysis applications. One prominent application of MXenes lies in the efficient removal of toxic metals and harmful dyes from wastewater. Their unique structure allows for rapid adsorption and selective separation, significantly improving purification processes. MXenes show great promise in the therapeutic management of acute kidney injury, where their biocompatibility and ability to facilitate toxin removal can mitigate damage to renal tissues. In hemodialysis, MXenes can enhance membrane performance through improved permeability and selectivity, leading to more effective clearance of waste products. Despite the potential of MXene-based composites in dialysis applications, several challenges loom large on the horizon. The stability of MXenes in physiological environments is a critical concern, as they can undergo oxidation or degradation, which may compromise their functionality over time. The scalability of synthesis processes remains a significant barrier; producing high-quality MXene materials in sufficient quantities for clinical use is not yet fully realized. Moreover, ensuring biocompatibility is paramount, as any adverse reactions could lead to inflammation or other complications in patients. The integration of MXenes into existing dialysis systems requires meticulous engineering to maintain optimal filtration properties while avoiding clogging or fouling. The future of MXenes and their composites in dialysis presents a promising horizon, teeming with potential innovations. The development of hybrid materials that utilize MXenes alongside other nanomaterials can lead to multifunctional systems, capable of addressing multiple challenges faced in dialysis treatments. Advancements in fabrication techniques may allow for tailored porosity, enabling customized dialysis solutions for individual patients. Research into surface modifications and composites can enhance their stability and functionality, potentially overcoming current limitations. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape of MXenes in dialysis, highlighting their applications, challenges, and future directions. This review explores the diverse applications of MXenes in the field of dialysis, focusing on their roles in the removal of toxic metals and dyes, therapy for acute kidney injury, and hemodialysis enhancement.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiu Ren, Cassidy Tran, Kangkang Zhang, Cheng Zhu, Yat Li
Water splitting is one of the most promising technologies for generating green hydrogen. To meet industrial demand, it is essential to boost the operation current density to industrial levels, typically in the hundreds of mA cm-2. However, operating at these high current densities presents significant challenges, with bubble formation being one of the most critical issues. Efficient bubble management is crucial as it directly impacts the performance and stability of the water splitting process. Superwetting electrodes, which can enhance aerophobicity, are particularly favorable for facilitating bubble detachment and transport. By reducing bubble contact time and minimizing the size of detached bubbles, these electrodes help prevent blockage and maintain high catalytic efficiency. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of recent advancements in tackling bubble-related issues through the design and implementation of superwetting electrodes, including surface modification techniques and structural optimizations. We will also share our insights into the principles and mechanisms behind the design of superwetting electrodes, highlighting the key factors that influence their performance. Our review aims to guide future research directions and provide a solid foundation for developing more efficient and durable superwetting electrodes for high-rate water splitting.
{"title":"Synergizing Superwetting and Architected Electrodes for High-Rate Water Splitting","authors":"Qiu Ren, Cassidy Tran, Kangkang Zhang, Cheng Zhu, Yat Li","doi":"10.1039/d4nr03836c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr03836c","url":null,"abstract":"Water splitting is one of the most promising technologies for generating green hydrogen. To meet industrial demand, it is essential to boost the operation current density to industrial levels, typically in the hundreds of mA cm-2. However, operating at these high current densities presents significant challenges, with bubble formation being one of the most critical issues. Efficient bubble management is crucial as it directly impacts the performance and stability of the water splitting process. Superwetting electrodes, which can enhance aerophobicity, are particularly favorable for facilitating bubble detachment and transport. By reducing bubble contact time and minimizing the size of detached bubbles, these electrodes help prevent blockage and maintain high catalytic efficiency. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of recent advancements in tackling bubble-related issues through the design and implementation of superwetting electrodes, including surface modification techniques and structural optimizations. We will also share our insights into the principles and mechanisms behind the design of superwetting electrodes, highlighting the key factors that influence their performance. Our review aims to guide future research directions and provide a solid foundation for developing more efficient and durable superwetting electrodes for high-rate water splitting.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-corrosion and low practical voltage of anodes severely limit the usage of Mg-air batteries. Although many elements, including indium (In), have been used to enhance the discharge characteristics of Mg anodes, the unclear mechanism of the action of a single element as well as the lack of research on binary alloys as anodes have restricted the development of Mg-air battery. Here, Mg-xIn (x = 0.5, 1, 2,4) alloys are melted as anode materials for Mg-air batteries. The In element in the Mg-In binary alloy activates the discharge process of the anode and inhibits self-corrosion and chunk effect, thereby greatly improving the voltage and anodic efficiency of the batteries. Mg-air batteries assembled from Mg-1In anode reach voltages exceeding 1.5 V at low current density, and over 1.1 V even at 40.0 mA cm-2. The Mg-1In anode exhibits a discharge efficiency greater than 63.2% at all current densities, and it demonstrates a peak specific energy of 2100.2 mWh g-1. Furthermore, The Mg-1In anode performed well in long-term, intermittent, and constant-power discharges. The simple design of binary alloy and the activation and inhibition mechanisms of the In element provide a new avenue for Mg anode development.
{"title":"Activating discharge and inhibiting self-corrosion by adding indium to the anode of Mg-air battery","authors":"Donghu Li, Lifeng Hou, Huayun Du, Huan Wei, Xiaoda Liu, Qian Wang, Chengkai Yang, Ying-Hui Wei","doi":"10.1039/d4nr04556d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr04556d","url":null,"abstract":"Self-corrosion and low practical voltage of anodes severely limit the usage of Mg-air batteries. Although many elements, including indium (In), have been used to enhance the discharge characteristics of Mg anodes, the unclear mechanism of the action of a single element as well as the lack of research on binary alloys as anodes have restricted the development of Mg-air battery. Here, Mg-xIn (x = 0.5, 1, 2,4) alloys are melted as anode materials for Mg-air batteries. The In element in the Mg-In binary alloy activates the discharge process of the anode and inhibits self-corrosion and chunk effect, thereby greatly improving the voltage and anodic efficiency of the batteries. Mg-air batteries assembled from Mg-1In anode reach voltages exceeding 1.5 V at low current density, and over 1.1 V even at 40.0 mA cm-2. The Mg-1In anode exhibits a discharge efficiency greater than 63.2% at all current densities, and it demonstrates a peak specific energy of 2100.2 mWh g-1. Furthermore, The Mg-1In anode performed well in long-term, intermittent, and constant-power discharges. The simple design of binary alloy and the activation and inhibition mechanisms of the In element provide a new avenue for Mg anode development.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helya Gholami Shamami, Akbar Mohammadi Zardkhoshoui, Saied Saeed Hosseiny Davarani
Metal tellurides, known for their superior electrical conductivity and excellent electrochemical properties, are promising candidates for supercapacitor applications. This study introduces a novel method involving a metal-organic framework-hybrid to synthesize CoTe@CoFeTe double-shelled nanocubes. Initially, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF67) and CoFe Prussian blue analog (PBA) nanocubes are synthesized through an anion-exchange reaction with [Fe(CN)6]3− ions. Subsequent annealing treatment converts these structures into Co3O4@CoFe2O4 double-shelled nanocubes. These are then subjected to a tellurization process to form the CoTe@CoFeTe, which exhibits outstanding supercapacitive performance. Notably, the CoTe@CoFeTe based-electrode demonstrates superior supercapacitive properties compared to their oxide counterparts, mainly due to the introduction of tellurium ions. These nanocubes show an impressive specific capacity of 1312 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and maintain 92.35% of their capacity after 10000 charging cycles, highlighting their durability and the synergistic effect of the mixed metals and their hollow structure. Furthermore, when used as the positive electrode material in a hybrid supercapacitor with activated carbon (AC), the device achieves an energy density of 64.66 Wh kg−1 and retain 88.25% of their capacity after 10000 cycles. These results confirm the potential of the developed material for advanced supercapacitor applications.
{"title":"High-performance hybrid supercapacitors enabled by CoTe@CoFeTe double-shelled nanocubes","authors":"Helya Gholami Shamami, Akbar Mohammadi Zardkhoshoui, Saied Saeed Hosseiny Davarani","doi":"10.1039/d4nr03996c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4nr03996c","url":null,"abstract":"Metal tellurides, known for their superior electrical conductivity and excellent electrochemical properties, are promising candidates for supercapacitor applications. This study introduces a novel method involving a metal-organic framework-hybrid to synthesize CoTe@CoFeTe double-shelled nanocubes. Initially, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF67) and CoFe Prussian blue analog (PBA) nanocubes are synthesized through an anion-exchange reaction with [Fe(CN)6]3− ions. Subsequent annealing treatment converts these structures into Co3O4@CoFe2O4 double-shelled nanocubes. These are then subjected to a tellurization process to form the CoTe@CoFeTe, which exhibits outstanding supercapacitive performance. Notably, the CoTe@CoFeTe based-electrode demonstrates superior supercapacitive properties compared to their oxide counterparts, mainly due to the introduction of tellurium ions. These nanocubes show an impressive specific capacity of 1312 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and maintain 92.35% of their capacity after 10000 charging cycles, highlighting their durability and the synergistic effect of the mixed metals and their hollow structure. Furthermore, when used as the positive electrode material in a hybrid supercapacitor with activated carbon (AC), the device achieves an energy density of 64.66 Wh kg−1 and retain 88.25% of their capacity after 10000 cycles. These results confirm the potential of the developed material for advanced supercapacitor applications.","PeriodicalId":92,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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