Pub Date : 2022-12-07DOI: 10.20944/preprints202205.0415.v1
B. Sajer, Adi Essam Zarei, Feda Alharshani, Afrah Alshehri, Lamar Faidah
On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 17 June 2022, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 535,248,141 people, with 6,313,229 deaths. Due to devastating effect of COVID-19, achieving herd immunity to prevent onward transmission is crucial. Although obtaining herd immunity against COVID-19 through natural infection is theoretically possible but would place enormous burden on healthcare facilities and may result in over 30 million fatalities globally.
{"title":"Knowledge, levels of acceptance and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccine among general population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","authors":"B. Sajer, Adi Essam Zarei, Feda Alharshani, Afrah Alshehri, Lamar Faidah","doi":"10.20944/preprints202205.0415.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202205.0415.v1","url":null,"abstract":"On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of 17 June 2022, SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 535,248,141 people, with 6,313,229 deaths. Due to devastating effect of COVID-19, achieving herd immunity to prevent onward transmission is crucial. Although obtaining herd immunity against COVID-19 through natural infection is theoretically possible but would place enormous burden on healthcare facilities and may result in over 30 million fatalities globally.","PeriodicalId":93010,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical case reports and reviews : open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy metabolic reprogramming has recently been recognized as an important hallmark of tumor metabolic biology, and tumor cells can be manipulated to obtain rapid growth, immune evasion and apoptosis, which play an important role in tumor development. Enhanced glycolysis is the main source of energy required for tumorigenesis, development and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment, and Warburg suggested that tumor cells preferentially choose glycolysis as the main pathway to provide energy even under aerobic conditions, but the mechanisms and causes of this metabolic alteration remain unclear. PFKFB3 is an important activator of glycolysis and plays an important role in carcinogenesis, including Tumor cytogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and alteration of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the role of PFKFB3 in different tumor types and its effects on the tumor microenvironment, as well as the signaling pathways through which PFKFB3 acts in tumors, suggesting PFKFB3 as a potential anti-tumor therapeutic target.
{"title":"The Role of PFKFB3 In the Tumor Microenvironment and Its Therapeutic Potential","authors":"Zhi-Bing Wu, L. Lei, Liting Chen, Jianjun Lai","doi":"10.31579/2690-4861/268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/268","url":null,"abstract":"Energy metabolic reprogramming has recently been recognized as an important hallmark of tumor metabolic biology, and tumor cells can be manipulated to obtain rapid growth, immune evasion and apoptosis, which play an important role in tumor development. Enhanced glycolysis is the main source of energy required for tumorigenesis, development and metastasis in the tumor microenvironment, and Warburg suggested that tumor cells preferentially choose glycolysis as the main pathway to provide energy even under aerobic conditions, but the mechanisms and causes of this metabolic alteration remain unclear. PFKFB3 is an important activator of glycolysis and plays an important role in carcinogenesis, including Tumor cytogenesis, metastasis, drug resistance and alteration of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the role of PFKFB3 in different tumor types and its effects on the tumor microenvironment, as well as the signaling pathways through which PFKFB3 acts in tumors, suggesting PFKFB3 as a potential anti-tumor therapeutic target.","PeriodicalId":93010,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical case reports and reviews : open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43283968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yun-Tao Ma, Fen Li, Xue Feng, Ruirui Li, Bin Du, X. Xue, Honghong Hu, Junxing Zhang, Hui Sheng
Animal growth is a coordinated developmental process that requires altering the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes to modify many biochemical and biological signaling cascades. The genetic analysis of economic traits and molecular breeding research are hotspots for animal husbandry and, in the case of Chinese dairy cattle, much progress has been made in recent years. Actually, the level of information of molecular events at the transcriptional, biochemical, hormonal, and metabolite levels underlying animal development process has increased considerably. The current review summarizes progress in research into the genetic basis of economic traits and molecular breeding of dairy cows, dual-purpose cattle and dairy buffalo, to better understand the molecular switch involved in development process with important consequences from a breeding point of view.
{"title":"Genetic Bases and Molecular Breeding of Key Economic Traits in China Dairy Cattle: A Progress Report","authors":"Yun-Tao Ma, Fen Li, Xue Feng, Ruirui Li, Bin Du, X. Xue, Honghong Hu, Junxing Zhang, Hui Sheng","doi":"10.31579/2690-4861/273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/273","url":null,"abstract":"Animal growth is a coordinated developmental process that requires altering the expression of hundreds to thousands of genes to modify many biochemical and biological signaling cascades. The genetic analysis of economic traits and molecular breeding research are hotspots for animal husbandry and, in the case of Chinese dairy cattle, much progress has been made in recent years. Actually, the level of information of molecular events at the transcriptional, biochemical, hormonal, and metabolite levels underlying animal development process has increased considerably. The current review summarizes progress in research into the genetic basis of economic traits and molecular breeding of dairy cows, dual-purpose cattle and dairy buffalo, to better understand the molecular switch involved in development process with important consequences from a breeding point of view.","PeriodicalId":93010,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical case reports and reviews : open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43139461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhabdomyolysis as a complication of blunt force trauma may result in life-threatening acute kidney injury (AKI). We illustrate a case of a middle-aged male who sustained blunt force injury in a street brawl in his community presenting with decreased and high colored urine; further evaluation revealed acute renal failure two days after the said incident. He received three consecutive sessions of hemodialysis and was discharged 4 days after admission with increasing urine output and renal recovery. At follow-up ten days later, his renal functions had recovered with serum creatinine returning to normal levels.
{"title":"Unusual cause of Rhabdomyolysis secondary to physical Violence","authors":"S. Nayak-Rao","doi":"10.31579/2690-4861/234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/234","url":null,"abstract":"Rhabdomyolysis as a complication of blunt force trauma may result in life-threatening acute kidney injury (AKI). We illustrate a case of a middle-aged male who sustained blunt force injury in a street brawl in his community presenting with decreased and high colored urine; further evaluation revealed acute renal failure two days after the said incident. He received three consecutive sessions of hemodialysis and was discharged 4 days after admission with increasing urine output and renal recovery. At follow-up ten days later, his renal functions had recovered with serum creatinine returning to normal levels.","PeriodicalId":93010,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical case reports and reviews : open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46945316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Unique Case of Mastoid Osteoma - A Case Report","authors":"C. Cs, C. Rs, Mahesh Sg, Deepalakshmi Tanthry","doi":"10.46527/2582-5038.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-5038.237","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93010,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical case reports and reviews : open access","volume":"98 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84098201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Andrews, R. Paul, Sudeep Sirga, Niranjan Panigrahi
{"title":"CytoSorb® Therapy in the Treatment of a Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Associated with Symptoms of Sepsis: A Case Report","authors":"R. Andrews, R. Paul, Sudeep Sirga, Niranjan Panigrahi","doi":"10.46527/2582-5038.234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-5038.234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93010,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical case reports and reviews : open access","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80144627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. A., Castro-Molina Sa, M. S, Durand-Muñoz ., C. Dm, Rosas-Camargo V, Dominguez-Cherit J, L. R.
{"title":"Cutaneous Metastases of Ampullary Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"R. A., Castro-Molina Sa, M. S, Durand-Muñoz ., C. Dm, Rosas-Camargo V, Dominguez-Cherit J, L. R.","doi":"10.46527/2582-5038.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46527/2582-5038.233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93010,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical case reports and reviews : open access","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77713312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Lip reconstruction is an essential step in lip tumors. In this regard, there are many procedures with good outcomes. Flap problems are the possibility of necrosis and an extensive suture line that wrecks aesthetics. Our technique has no flaps for defects more than 30% of the lip, and the suture line is minimal. Methods: This study is a surgical technique report from a single center. The original technique was based on our experience with about 100 patients in 25 years. But in this study, 10 patients were included. After excising the tumor, a bilateral 10-15 mm horizontal skin incision beginning from the commissures to lateral sides was made. The skin and mucosa were dissected from the underlying orbicularis muscle, and the muscle was partially cut about 15 mm from each side. Then the remaining sides of the lip were advanced and repaid in three layers. Finally, the released mucosa was sutured to the angle of incised skin. Results: The patients were followed for at least three years. Oral competence was good, mobility and sensation were well preserved, the scars were less than other flaps, and the aesthetic was satisfying. The patients did not have drooling, flap edema, and pin cushioning. Conclusion: Among various techniques for lower lip reconstruction, the presented technique in this study seems to be safe and straightforward, but to measure all aspects of it, other surgeons need to use this method and express their opinions.
{"title":"Bilateral Commissuroplasty and Primary Repair for Lower Lip Defect (30-80%) After Cancer Excision","authors":"M. Akbari","doi":"10.31579/2690-4861/253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/253","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lip reconstruction is an essential step in lip tumors. In this regard, there are many procedures with good outcomes. Flap problems are the possibility of necrosis and an extensive suture line that wrecks aesthetics. Our technique has no flaps for defects more than 30% of the lip, and the suture line is minimal. Methods: This study is a surgical technique report from a single center. The original technique was based on our experience with about 100 patients in 25 years. But in this study, 10 patients were included. After excising the tumor, a bilateral 10-15 mm horizontal skin incision beginning from the commissures to lateral sides was made. The skin and mucosa were dissected from the underlying orbicularis muscle, and the muscle was partially cut about 15 mm from each side. Then the remaining sides of the lip were advanced and repaid in three layers. Finally, the released mucosa was sutured to the angle of incised skin. Results: The patients were followed for at least three years. Oral competence was good, mobility and sensation were well preserved, the scars were less than other flaps, and the aesthetic was satisfying. The patients did not have drooling, flap edema, and pin cushioning. Conclusion: Among various techniques for lower lip reconstruction, the presented technique in this study seems to be safe and straightforward, but to measure all aspects of it, other surgeons need to use this method and express their opinions.","PeriodicalId":93010,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical case reports and reviews : open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48515234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Despite advances in chemotherapy, five year survival rate of advanced ovarian cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis remains around 30%. The most significant prognostic factor is stage and most patients present at an advanced stage with peritoneal dissemination. There is often no clearly identifiable precursor lesion, therefore, the events leading to metastatic disease are poorly understood. Solitary lung metastasis is extremely rare. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman who was admitted to our department with a lung mass. She had a past history of ovarian cancer 6years ago for which she underwent Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC in august 2016. Histopathology report suggestive of High-grade serous carcinoma. She received adjuvant chemotherapy. She was on follow up and PET scan shows two soft tissue density nodules noted in left lung lower lobe largest 2.8×2.5cm. Left lower lobectomy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was a high-grade serous carcinoma and was diagnosed as an ovarian cancer metastasis.
{"title":"Carcinoma Ovary with Lung Metastasis: A Rare Case Report","authors":"S. Sonvane","doi":"10.31579/2690-4861/240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/240","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Despite advances in chemotherapy, five year survival rate of advanced ovarian cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis remains around 30%. The most significant prognostic factor is stage and most patients present at an advanced stage with peritoneal dissemination. There is often no clearly identifiable precursor lesion, therefore, the events leading to metastatic disease are poorly understood. Solitary lung metastasis is extremely rare. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman who was admitted to our department with a lung mass. She had a past history of ovarian cancer 6years ago for which she underwent Cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC in august 2016. Histopathology report suggestive of High-grade serous carcinoma. She received adjuvant chemotherapy. She was on follow up and PET scan shows two soft tissue density nodules noted in left lung lower lobe largest 2.8×2.5cm. Left lower lobectomy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was a high-grade serous carcinoma and was diagnosed as an ovarian cancer metastasis.","PeriodicalId":93010,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical case reports and reviews : open access","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70018271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: A rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is an abnormal connection between the rectum’s lower part and vagina’s posterior wall. It takes up approximately 6% of the overall anorectal fistulas, which are responsible for patients’ psychosocial collapse due to the incapacitating symptoms observed amongst the patients. Case presentation: The study case presented was of a 33-year-old woman previously diagnosed with squamous carcinoma of the cervix FIGO IIIA (2017) treated through means of curative radiochemotherapy, utero-vaginal intracavitary brachytherapy (GammaMed plus iX 14 Gy/PTV-HR/ 2 weeks). In April 2021, she presented herself at the surgery unit claiming exclusion of fecal through the vagina and constant perineal pain. As a result of the clinical examination of the Milligan perineal area (vaginal touch, rectal touch), and presenting a positive Carey test (the methylene blue test – positive, bubble air test – positive), it was confirmed a recto-vaginal connection, positioned at around 3-4 cm from the EAS. This was followed by a loco-regional exploration through pelvic MRI scan which confirmed a lower recto-vaginal connection (fistula), situated at approximative 3 cm from the EAS, with a diameter of 8 mm (Rothenberger I). Conclusions: There are a lot of metrics in the specialized literature that emphasize the versatility and feasibility of the Martius/mMartius procedure regarding the resolution of the RVF located in the lower, respectively median sphere. This metrics are also sustained by the anatomic flexibility of the perineal area regarding the loco-regional vasculature. An important aspect of this procedure is also related to the RVF’s etiology, and that is because the local surgical intervention needs to be performed in minimum inflammatory circumstances, when the tissues do not present any tumoral impregnation.
{"title":"Modified Martius Flap for repair of a postradiation Rectovaginal Fistula (RVF). A case report.","authors":"Flaviu Ionut Faur","doi":"10.31579/2690-4861/251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/251","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A rectovaginal fistula (RVF) is an abnormal connection between the rectum’s lower part and vagina’s posterior wall. It takes up approximately 6% of the overall anorectal fistulas, which are responsible for patients’ psychosocial collapse due to the incapacitating symptoms observed amongst the patients. Case presentation: The study case presented was of a 33-year-old woman previously diagnosed with squamous carcinoma of the cervix FIGO IIIA (2017) treated through means of curative radiochemotherapy, utero-vaginal intracavitary brachytherapy (GammaMed plus iX 14 Gy/PTV-HR/ 2 weeks). In April 2021, she presented herself at the surgery unit claiming exclusion of fecal through the vagina and constant perineal pain. As a result of the clinical examination of the Milligan perineal area (vaginal touch, rectal touch), and presenting a positive Carey test (the methylene blue test – positive, bubble air test – positive), it was confirmed a recto-vaginal connection, positioned at around 3-4 cm from the EAS. This was followed by a loco-regional exploration through pelvic MRI scan which confirmed a lower recto-vaginal connection (fistula), situated at approximative 3 cm from the EAS, with a diameter of 8 mm (Rothenberger I). Conclusions: There are a lot of metrics in the specialized literature that emphasize the versatility and feasibility of the Martius/mMartius procedure regarding the resolution of the RVF located in the lower, respectively median sphere. This metrics are also sustained by the anatomic flexibility of the perineal area regarding the loco-regional vasculature. An important aspect of this procedure is also related to the RVF’s etiology, and that is because the local surgical intervention needs to be performed in minimum inflammatory circumstances, when the tissues do not present any tumoral impregnation.","PeriodicalId":93010,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical case reports and reviews : open access","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41318972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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