Santiago Drexler, F. P. Souza, E. L. Correia, Thaís M. G. Silveira, P. Couto
Wettability is a fundamental property that defines the fluid’s distribution in oil reservoirs. Assessing wettability is required to model flow in porous media. Nevertheless, it involves complex intermolecular and surface forces. Contact angle measurement is a quantitative method to determine wettability. However, rock samples must be prepared to assure results representative of reservoir conditions. This work applies statistical analysis to investigate the relevance of variables involved in sample preparation (aging time, solvent used to remove the excess oil from the surface) and mineral type on the wettability of oil and brine from a Pre-Salt field on pure minerals. Since there is limited experimental wettability data at Pre-Salt conditions, this work aims to assist filling this gap. The results showed aging time and mineral type as the most important parameters for analysis. Furthermore, authors found that greater aging time in oil and point of zero charge of the mineral lead to a more oil-wet behavior.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE KEY PARAMETERS AFFECTING WETTABILITY OF A BRAZILIAN PRE-SALT CRUDE OIL AND BRINE ON PURE MINERALS THROUGH STATISTICAL ANALYSIS","authors":"Santiago Drexler, F. P. Souza, E. L. Correia, Thaís M. G. Silveira, P. Couto","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Wettability is a fundamental property that defines the fluid’s distribution in oil reservoirs. Assessing wettability is required to model flow in porous media. Nevertheless, it involves complex intermolecular and surface forces. Contact angle measurement is a quantitative method to determine wettability. However, rock samples must be prepared to assure results representative of reservoir conditions. This work applies statistical analysis to investigate the relevance of variables involved in sample preparation (aging time, solvent used to remove the excess oil from the surface) and mineral type on the wettability of oil and brine from a Pre-Salt field on pure minerals. Since there is limited experimental wettability data at Pre-Salt conditions, this work aims to assist filling this gap. The results showed aging time and mineral type as the most important parameters for analysis. Furthermore, authors found that greater aging time in oil and point of zero charge of the mineral lead to a more oil-wet behavior.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75576119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work evaluates the use of molecular sieve SBA-15 as adsorbent in oil removal process. The synthesis and characterization tests used X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), physical N2 adsorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), adsorption capacity in organic solvents (gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil), and Foster Swelling. Following, this work performed the evaluation of SBA-15 as adsorbent in the process of removing oil from a synthetic effluent, through the finite bath system (Batch adsorption). Finite bath system tests used a factorial 22 experimental design with three experiments at the central point. At that stage, two variables were evaluated: initial oil concentration (100, 300, and 500 mg /L) and mechanical agitation (100, 200, and 300 rpm). Through the experiments, it was possible to observe the following response variables: percentage of total removal (% Rem) and removal capacity in equilibrium (qeq). For comparison level, the experiments also evaluated response variables for the tests without mechanical agitation. Characterization techniques (DRX, EDX, SEM, Physical N2 Adsorption) presented results compatible with the characteristics presented by mesoporous materials. Foster Swell tests confirmed the affinity of SBA-15 molecular sieve with the organic solvents used: gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil. The testing system determined both finite bath oil removal percentage (% Rem) 97.04%, and removal capacity at equilibrium (qeq) of 48.58 mg /g, indicating that the use of SBA-15 molecular sieve is a viable option in the oil removal process.
{"title":"SBA-15 MOLECULAR SIEVE: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATION IN OIL/WATER SEPARATION","authors":"J. R. Jovelino, J. J. Rodrigues, M. Rodrigues","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0020","url":null,"abstract":"This work evaluates the use of molecular sieve SBA-15 as adsorbent in oil removal process. The synthesis and characterization tests used X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), physical N2 adsorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), adsorption capacity in organic solvents (gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil), and Foster Swelling. Following, this work performed the evaluation of SBA-15 as adsorbent in the process of removing oil from a synthetic effluent, through the finite bath system (Batch adsorption). Finite bath system tests used a factorial 22 experimental design with three experiments at the central point. At that stage, two variables were evaluated: initial oil concentration (100, 300, and 500 mg /L) and mechanical agitation (100, 200, and 300 rpm). Through the experiments, it was possible to observe the following response variables: percentage of total removal (% Rem) and removal capacity in equilibrium (qeq). For comparison level, the experiments also evaluated response variables for the tests without mechanical agitation. Characterization techniques (DRX, EDX, SEM, Physical N2 Adsorption) presented results compatible with the characteristics presented by mesoporous materials. Foster Swell tests confirmed the affinity of SBA-15 molecular sieve with the organic solvents used: gasoline, kerosene, and diesel oil. The testing system determined both finite bath oil removal percentage (% Rem) 97.04%, and removal capacity at equilibrium (qeq) of 48.58 mg /g, indicating that the use of SBA-15 molecular sieve is a viable option in the oil removal process.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80671410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthesis processes using simple compounds become attractive as they offer alternative routes for fuel production. Cobalt-based catalysts have wide applicability in the Fischer Tropsch process. This work aims to evaluate the catalyst Co/Ru/SBA-15 in the Fischer Tropsch synthesis. The catalyst was prepared with the molecular sieve SBA-15 synthesized using the hydrothermal method with rice husk ashes, treated by heat and chemical processes, as silica source; and incorporating, simultaneously, metals by wet impregnation of molar ratio 100Co/5Ru/139SiO2. The catalyst was submitted to heat treatment under nitrogen and synthetic air flow. The Fischer Tropsch synthesis was carried out in a slurry bed reactor operating at 240oC, 10 atm, and H2:CO molar ratio raging between 1 and 2. The SBA-15 and the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction- XRD, X-ray energy dispersion- EDX, and nitrogen adsorption. The SBA-15 was characterized using scanning electron microscopy- SEM, and the catalyst was characterized by temperature programmed reduction - TPR and transmission electron microscopy - TEM. SBA-15 showed typical morphology traces of mesoporous materials with a small specific area of 627 m2/g. The catalyst presented the pre-defined composition, maintaining the structure, but with area reduction after impregnation (339 m2/g). The ranges of temperature reduction typical of iron oxides phases were found using RTP results. The catalyst showed high conversion to liquid hydrocarbons C5+ (88.20%) in the molar ratio H2/CO of 1:1.
{"title":"Co/Ru/SBA-15 CATALYSTS SYNTHESIZED WITH RICE HUSK ASHES AS SILICA SOURCE APPLIED IN THE FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS","authors":"J. J. Rodrigues, F. Fernandes, M. Rodrigues","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis processes using simple compounds become attractive as they offer alternative routes for fuel production. Cobalt-based catalysts have wide applicability in the Fischer Tropsch process. This work aims to evaluate the catalyst Co/Ru/SBA-15 in the Fischer Tropsch synthesis. The catalyst was prepared with the molecular sieve SBA-15 synthesized using the hydrothermal method with rice husk ashes, treated by heat and chemical processes, as silica source; and incorporating, simultaneously, metals by wet impregnation of molar ratio 100Co/5Ru/139SiO2. The catalyst was submitted to heat treatment under nitrogen and synthetic air flow. The Fischer Tropsch synthesis was carried out in a slurry bed reactor operating at 240oC, 10 atm, and H2:CO molar ratio raging between 1 and 2. The SBA-15 and the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction- XRD, X-ray energy dispersion- EDX, and nitrogen adsorption. The SBA-15 was characterized using scanning electron microscopy- SEM, and the catalyst was characterized by temperature programmed reduction - TPR and transmission electron microscopy - TEM. SBA-15 showed typical morphology traces of mesoporous materials with a small specific area of 627 m2/g. The catalyst presented the pre-defined composition, maintaining the structure, but with area reduction after impregnation (339 m2/g). The ranges of temperature reduction typical of iron oxides phases were found using RTP results. The catalyst showed high conversion to liquid hydrocarbons C5+ (88.20%) in the molar ratio H2/CO of 1:1.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89209432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. N. Ferreira, J. G. O. Marinho, L. M. T. D. Oliveira
Produced water is one of the greatest concerns in oil industry due to the quantities of this effluent produced and the negative environmental impacts that it can cause. Based on these considerations and on the difficulty in removing emulsified oil in water, the study of methods to treat this effluent becomes of great relevance. The use of computational fluid dynamics is an alternative to solve this problem for the economical and time advantages it presents, and the possibility of achieving reliable results. This paper studies the use of a coalescer bed to treat oil/water mixture behavior. Results of droplets distribution, size, oil flow, and fluid dynamics equipment behaviour are analyzed and discussed.
{"title":"COALESCER BED MODELING TO MIXTURE OIL/WATER: TREATMENT USING ANSYS CFX","authors":"D. N. Ferreira, J. G. O. Marinho, L. M. T. D. Oliveira","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Produced water is one of the greatest concerns in oil industry due to the quantities of this effluent produced and the negative environmental impacts that it can cause. Based on these considerations and on the difficulty in removing emulsified oil in water, the study of methods to treat this effluent becomes of great relevance. The use of computational fluid dynamics is an alternative to solve this problem for the economical and time advantages it presents, and the possibility of achieving reliable results. This paper studies the use of a coalescer bed to treat oil/water mixture behavior. Results of droplets distribution, size, oil flow, and fluid dynamics equipment behaviour are analyzed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85874836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. F. Almeida, R. C. Santos, D. S. Silva, J. F. Padilha, D. A. Pontes, L. Pontes
Sulfur removal aiming at attending environmental legislation standards has been the focus of many studies. The use of Fluid Catalytic Cracking, FCC, in the removal of gasoline-fraction sulfur contaminants is regarded as advantageous when compared to desulfurization processes downstream of the FCC process. This paper evaluates the effect of Mg addition to the Beta zeolite over n-hexane and thiophene cracking. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray with dispersive energy fluorescence analysis (EDXRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The magnesium incorporation into the zeolite increased the number of Bronsted active sites and total acidity in the catalyst, favoring an increase in selectivity for catalytic cracking reactions and a decrease of isomerization reactions in the n-hexane conversion step. In thiophene conversion, the greater selectivity for hydrogen transfer promoted the formation of H2S, and adsorptive capacity is a key factor in alkylated product formation due to the presence of Lewis active sites, which are more predominant in magnesium incorporated catalysts.
{"title":"CATALYTIC REMOVAL OF SULFUR COMPOUNDS FROM PETROLEUM STREAMS","authors":"D. F. Almeida, R. C. Santos, D. S. Silva, J. F. Padilha, D. A. Pontes, L. Pontes","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfur removal aiming at attending environmental legislation standards has been the focus of many studies. The use of Fluid Catalytic Cracking, FCC, in the removal of gasoline-fraction sulfur contaminants is regarded as advantageous when compared to desulfurization processes downstream of the FCC process. This paper evaluates the effect of Mg addition to the Beta zeolite over n-hexane and thiophene cracking. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray with dispersive energy fluorescence analysis (EDXRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The magnesium incorporation into the zeolite increased the number of Bronsted active sites and total acidity in the catalyst, favoring an increase in selectivity for catalytic cracking reactions and a decrease of isomerization reactions in the n-hexane conversion step. In thiophene conversion, the greater selectivity for hydrogen transfer promoted the formation of H2S, and adsorptive capacity is a key factor in alkylated product formation due to the presence of Lewis active sites, which are more predominant in magnesium incorporated catalysts.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90272171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. G. Costa, P. Patricio, R. V. Ferreira, M. Neto, M. Cardoso
High Purity Grade Hydrogen is an important compound used in oil refineries due to its capacity for withdrawing sulfur impurities from fuels. This feedstock is commonly produced in Hydrogen Generation Units through a Steam Methane Reforming process. Due to the high-grade requirements in Hydrotreament processes, a hydrogen purification step is mandatory, often conducted in batteries of adsorption columns, known as Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA). The main objective of this paper is to present the simulation of a Hydrogen Generation Unit, focusing on the PSA process modeling approach. ASPEN PLUS™ was utilized in conjunction with MATLAB® to model the whole process. The link between both simulators was established through VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) macros developed in Excel. This two-way connection did not affect the results obtained by the simulation of the whole process unit, as it was carried out successfully and was able to represent the global mass and energy balances satisfactory, obtaining hydrogen with 99.8% purity.
高纯氢是炼油厂使用的重要化合物，因为它能够从燃料中去除硫杂质。这种原料通常在制氢装置中通过蒸汽甲烷重整过程生产。由于加氢处理工艺的高等级要求，氢净化步骤是强制性的，通常在吸附柱的电池中进行，称为变压吸附(PSA)。本文的主要目的是介绍一个制氢装置的仿真，重点是PSA过程建模方法。ASPEN PLUS™结合MATLAB®对整个过程进行建模。两个模拟器之间的链接是通过在Excel中开发的VBA (Visual Basic for Applications)宏建立的。这种双向连接并不影响整个过程单元的模拟结果，因为它成功地进行了，并且能够代表令人满意的整体质量和能量平衡，获得纯度为99.8%的氢气。
{"title":"SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF A HYDROGEN GENERATION UNIT","authors":"N. G. Costa, P. Patricio, R. V. Ferreira, M. Neto, M. Cardoso","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0015","url":null,"abstract":"High Purity Grade Hydrogen is an important compound used in oil refineries due to its capacity for withdrawing sulfur impurities from fuels. This feedstock is commonly produced in Hydrogen Generation Units through a Steam Methane Reforming process. Due to the high-grade requirements in Hydrotreament processes, a hydrogen purification step is mandatory, often conducted in batteries of adsorption columns, known as Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA). The main objective of this paper is to present the simulation of a Hydrogen Generation Unit, focusing on the PSA process modeling approach. ASPEN PLUS™ was utilized in conjunction with MATLAB® to model the whole process. The link between both simulators was established through VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) macros developed in Excel. This two-way connection did not affect the results obtained by the simulation of the whole process unit, as it was carried out successfully and was able to represent the global mass and energy balances satisfactory, obtaining hydrogen with 99.8% purity.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78868873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wax deposition is a common phenomenon that occurs when crude oil flows in a pipeline. It is one of the main problems related to flow maintenance, because it leads to flux limitation and pressure drop increase. In addition, it can produce major damage to equipment, creating high-risk in operation or even a complete shutdown of production, impacting profitability negatively. Thus, this research aims to show pressure drop models based on Darcy-Weisbach and Power Fluid model for single-phase flow of paraffinic oils in horizontal lines. It will investigate aspects such as different flows, outdoor temperatures, and the BSW (Basic Sediments and Water) values observing their influence on flow pressure. Experimental data from paraffinic oil wells were used to validate the models. The results showed good fit of the models to the data of the eight experiments, with high values of adequacy coefficient (R2) above 0.97. Experiments with higher BSW content and lower ambient temperature had a greater impact on the pressure drop, being well represented by the two models.
{"title":"PRESSURE DROP MODELS FOR PARAFFINIC OIL FLOW","authors":"I. R. F. Souza, L. Santos, L. Góis","doi":"10.5419/bjpg2018-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2018-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Wax deposition is a common phenomenon that occurs when crude oil flows in a pipeline. It is one of the main problems related to flow maintenance, because it leads to flux limitation and pressure drop increase. In addition, it can produce major damage to equipment, creating high-risk in operation or even a complete shutdown of production, impacting profitability negatively. Thus, this research aims to show pressure drop models based on Darcy-Weisbach and Power Fluid model for single-phase flow of paraffinic oils in horizontal lines. It will investigate aspects such as different flows, outdoor temperatures, and the BSW (Basic Sediments and Water) values observing their influence on flow pressure. Experimental data from paraffinic oil wells were used to validate the models. The results showed good fit of the models to the data of the eight experiments, with high values of adequacy coefficient (R2) above 0.97. Experiments with higher BSW content and lower ambient temperature had a greater impact on the pressure drop, being well represented by the two models.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80662701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. E. Neto, J. C. Sobrinho, H. N. Oliveira, H. F. S. Freitas, Francisco Ferreira Silva, E. Neto
Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the system biodiesel of chicken fat + methanol + glycerol was measured at 25 and 45 °C and atmospheric pressure. The zone of miscibility was found by means of the binodal curve, using the density of turbidity in each point for its construction. Tie lines were defined through the calibration curves of the biodiesel and glycerin phases. The distribution and selectivity coefficients for the system were determined. The validation of the equilibrium data was proved using the Othmer-Tobias and Hand correlations, with coefficients close to the unity. The LLE data were correlated with the UNIQUAC model for temperatures of 25 °C and 45 °C, with global mean deviation values of 0.78% and 0.89%, respectively.
{"title":"LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM DATA FOR THE PSEUDO-TERNARY BIODIESEL OF CHICKEN FAT + METHANOL + GLYCEROL","authors":"A. A. E. Neto, J. C. Sobrinho, H. N. Oliveira, H. F. S. Freitas, Francisco Ferreira Silva, E. Neto","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the system biodiesel of chicken fat + methanol + glycerol was measured at 25 and 45 °C and atmospheric pressure. The zone of miscibility was found by means of the binodal curve, using the density of turbidity in each point for its construction. Tie lines were defined through the calibration curves of the biodiesel and glycerin phases. The distribution and selectivity coefficients for the system were determined. The validation of the equilibrium data was proved using the Othmer-Tobias and Hand correlations, with coefficients close to the unity. The LLE data were correlated with the UNIQUAC model for temperatures of 25 °C and 45 °C, with global mean deviation values of 0.78% and 0.89%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80800231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. K. Guimarães, A. A. Jesus, H. N. Oliveira, E. Neto, A. D. Gondim, O. Chiavone-Filho
Oiticica is a feedstock with energetic potential for biofuel due to the presence of high oil content in its almond (54-60%). In this work, biodiesel from oiticica was produced by methyl transesterification using alkaline catalysts. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) obtained at 32 °C, with 1.5% of KOH and 2h of reaction time was higher (92%) than that with NaOH (85%). At the temperature of 50 °C, no difference between the catalysts was found, both resulting in a conversion of 91%. The best acid index was obtained with 1% of NaOH (0.40 mg KOH g-1 oil at 50 °C) and the best value of viscosity (9.61 mm2 s-1) with 1.5% of KOH at 50 °C. Oiticica oil and biodiesels exhibited high viscosities due the predominance of unsaturated compounds. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated to be a feasible technique, when compared to chromatography, in terms of time of analysis, conversion of the esters, and reagent consumption. All the biodiesels presented an oxidation temperature of 90 °C via Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC).
{"title":"BIODIESEL FROM OITICICA OIL (Licania rigida, Benth): PRODUCTION, THERMOGRAVIMETRIC, AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY STUDIES","authors":"A. K. Guimarães, A. A. Jesus, H. N. Oliveira, E. Neto, A. D. Gondim, O. Chiavone-Filho","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Oiticica is a feedstock with energetic potential for biofuel due to the presence of high oil content in its almond (54-60%). In this work, biodiesel from oiticica was produced by methyl transesterification using alkaline catalysts. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) obtained at 32 °C, with 1.5% of KOH and 2h of reaction time was higher (92%) than that with NaOH (85%). At the temperature of 50 °C, no difference between the catalysts was found, both resulting in a conversion of 91%. The best acid index was obtained with 1% of NaOH (0.40 mg KOH g-1 oil at 50 °C) and the best value of viscosity (9.61 mm2 s-1) with 1.5% of KOH at 50 °C. Oiticica oil and biodiesels exhibited high viscosities due the predominance of unsaturated compounds. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated to be a feasible technique, when compared to chromatography, in terms of time of analysis, conversion of the esters, and reagent consumption. All the biodiesels presented an oxidation temperature of 90 °C via Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC).","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85791378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. R. Oliveira, R. Oliveira, C. Scheid, A. Ferraz, M. Marques, L. Calçada
The functions of drilling fluids depend directly on the fluid’s physical, chemical, and rheological properties. The selection and control of fluid composition is crucial to obtain the best performance in the process of drilling oil. The presence of solid particulate material and viscosifying agents contributes to the maintenance of the rheological behavior of these fluids. The pH variation during the drilling may affect rheological properties leading to poor well cleaning and drill string imprisonment. This work aims to evaluate the influence of solid concentration and pH variation in the rheological behavior of carboxymethyl cellulose and natural clay dispersions. Results indicated that solid concentration increased the apparent viscosity of dispersions due to chemical interactions between the polymer and the particles of natural clay. Dispersions at a pH lower than five presented lower values of yield stress and apparent viscosity than dispersions with higher pH values. The protonation of the carboxylic groups of the NaCMC resulted in a hydrophobicity increase of NaCMC and in a subsequent reduction of natural clay wettability. The formation of natural clay aggregates caused a decrease in dispersion viscosity.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF PH AND SOLID CONCENTRATION ON THE RHEOLOGY OF DRILLING FLUIDS COMPOSED BY NATURAL CLAY, WATER, AND NaCMC","authors":"B. R. Oliveira, R. Oliveira, C. Scheid, A. Ferraz, M. Marques, L. Calçada","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0010","url":null,"abstract":"The functions of drilling fluids depend directly on the fluid’s physical, chemical, and rheological properties. The selection and control of fluid composition is crucial to obtain the best performance in the process of drilling oil. The presence of solid particulate material and viscosifying agents contributes to the maintenance of the rheological behavior of these fluids. The pH variation during the drilling may affect rheological properties leading to poor well cleaning and drill string imprisonment. This work aims to evaluate the influence of solid concentration and pH variation in the rheological behavior of carboxymethyl cellulose and natural clay dispersions. Results indicated that solid concentration increased the apparent viscosity of dispersions due to chemical interactions between the polymer and the particles of natural clay. Dispersions at a pH lower than five presented lower values of yield stress and apparent viscosity than dispersions with higher pH values. The protonation of the carboxylic groups of the NaCMC resulted in a hydrophobicity increase of NaCMC and in a subsequent reduction of natural clay wettability. The formation of natural clay aggregates caused a decrease in dispersion viscosity.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87747884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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