This work explores the catalytic performance of a 2% ruthenium carbon (Ru/C) catalyst in the low temperature water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). The catalyst synthetized was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and specific surface area (BET) methods. The gas mixture of 15% carbon monoxide + argon and water were used as reagents. The operations catalytic were performed in a fixed bed reactor over a temperature range of 453–553 K. A numerical fitting algorithm was developed for the estimation of the kinetic parameters in a power-law model for the rate velocity. At 553K, 80% CO conversion was achieved, under steady state. For the empirical rate equation, the activation energy determined from the experimental data, was 190 kJ/mol.
{"title":"PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN BY WATER-GAS SHIFT REACTION ON Ru/C CATALYST","authors":"Germana Arruda de Queiroz, C. Barbosa, C. Abreu","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0009","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the catalytic performance of a 2% ruthenium carbon (Ru/C) catalyst in the low temperature water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). The catalyst synthetized was characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and specific surface area (BET) methods. The gas mixture of 15% carbon monoxide + argon and water were used as reagents. The operations catalytic were performed in a fixed bed reactor over a temperature range of 453–553 K. A numerical fitting algorithm was developed for the estimation of the kinetic parameters in a power-law model for the rate velocity. At 553K, 80% CO conversion was achieved, under steady state. For the empirical rate equation, the activation energy determined from the experimental data, was 190 kJ/mol.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78580976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. D. Possa, J. F. Sousa, J. A. Oliveira, P. F. Nascimento, M. Lima, I. Brandão, M. Bezerra
In this work, sewage sludge char was tested as a H2S adsorbent in a fixed-bed column, at 25 °C. The char was activated physically and chemically (with HCl or KOH) to enhance textural properties. Commercial activated carbon impregnated with iron was also tested for comparison. The column was filled with 18.24 g of char and, then, fed H2S (600 ppm) under 50 mL/min. The effluent gas composition was measured via photocolorimetry and the data was used to plot breakthrough curves. A mathematical modeling was used to estimate parameters such as axial diffusivity, effective intraparticle diffusivity, and external mass transfer coefficient. The main results show that the adsorption capacities varied from 7.2 to 657.60 mgH2S/gads. The percentages of H2S adsorbed varied from 43.36 to 59.04%. HCl proved to be more efficient than KOH. Due to improved textural properties, the commercial activated carbon outperformed (69.15%, 12,527.80 mgH2S/gads) all char samples.
{"title":"DYNAMIC ADSORPTION OF H2S IN A FIXED BED OF SEWAGE SLUDGE PYROLYSIS CHAR","authors":"R. D. Possa, J. F. Sousa, J. A. Oliveira, P. F. Nascimento, M. Lima, I. Brandão, M. Bezerra","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0008","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, sewage sludge char was tested as a H2S adsorbent in a fixed-bed column, at 25 °C. The char was activated physically and chemically (with HCl or KOH) to enhance textural properties. Commercial activated carbon impregnated with iron was also tested for comparison. The column was filled with 18.24 g of char and, then, fed H2S (600 ppm) under 50 mL/min. The effluent gas composition was measured via photocolorimetry and the data was used to plot breakthrough curves. A mathematical modeling was used to estimate parameters such as axial diffusivity, effective intraparticle diffusivity, and external mass transfer coefficient. The main results show that the adsorption capacities varied from 7.2 to 657.60 mgH2S/gads. The percentages of H2S adsorbed varied from 43.36 to 59.04%. HCl proved to be more efficient than KOH. Due to improved textural properties, the commercial activated carbon outperformed (69.15%, 12,527.80 mgH2S/gads) all char samples.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78499939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Araujo, H. Nascimento, C. Cavalcanti, M. A. M. Sobrinho, M. Pimentel
This work aims to use factorial designs to evaluate changes in the operating conditions of a three-phase separator. It performs experiments using a Hysys simulation software. It evaluates the influences of temperature, working pressure, and type of separator for light and heavy oils. To find the best operating conditions theoretically, higher oil flow rate (outlet stream) and smaller amount of water in the oil stream are used as reference goals. After performing simulations, the data is analyzed, and one can observe that the effect type of separator does not have a statistically significant influence in the results. The best operating condition occurs with the temperature at 30oC and the pressure at 9 bar, lowest and highest levels suited, respectively.
{"title":"THE USE OF FACTORIAL DESIGN TO EVALUATE SYSTEMATIC CHANGES IN THE OPERATING CONDITIONS OF A THREE-PHASE SEPARATOR USING SIMULATION AS A TOOL","authors":"C. Araujo, H. Nascimento, C. Cavalcanti, M. A. M. Sobrinho, M. Pimentel","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0002","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to use factorial designs to evaluate changes in the operating conditions of a three-phase separator. It performs experiments using a Hysys simulation software. It evaluates the influences of temperature, working pressure, and type of separator for light and heavy oils. To find the best operating conditions theoretically, higher oil flow rate (outlet stream) and smaller amount of water in the oil stream are used as reference goals. After performing simulations, the data is analyzed, and one can observe that the effect type of separator does not have a statistically significant influence in the results. The best operating condition occurs with the temperature at 30oC and the pressure at 9 bar, lowest and highest levels suited, respectively.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"12 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87699370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. S. Figueredo, C. P. Prados, L. V. Milhomem, A. R. Silva
Biodiesel is a fuel derived from renewable raw materials with the potential to change the world's energy matrix, and reduce the damage caused by fossil fuels to the environment and human health. The disadvantage of biodiesel is its low oxidative stability which affects its storage time. In this study, experimental biodiesel blends were used to identify the influences of carotenoid and free fatty acid contents on storage stability by using UV-VIS spectroscopy. Binary biodiesel blends were prepared blending buriti biodiesel contents ranging from 30% (v/v), 60% (v/v), and 90% (v/v) with soybean, sunflower, and beef tallow biodiesel. The blends were stored up to 45 days to compare the oxidative stabilities. The binary biodiesel blend composed by 90% buriti biodiesel and 10% beef tallow one presented the highest oxidative stability during the evaluated storage time.
{"title":"CHEMIOMETRIC STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF CAROTENOIDS AND SATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN BIODIESEL STORAGE STABILITY","authors":"K. S. Figueredo, C. P. Prados, L. V. Milhomem, A. R. Silva","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is a fuel derived from renewable raw materials with the potential to change the world's energy matrix, and reduce the damage caused by fossil fuels to the environment and human health. The disadvantage of biodiesel is its low oxidative stability which affects its storage time. In this study, experimental biodiesel blends were used to identify the influences of carotenoid and free fatty acid contents on storage stability by using UV-VIS spectroscopy. Binary biodiesel blends were prepared blending buriti biodiesel contents ranging from 30% (v/v), 60% (v/v), and 90% (v/v) with soybean, sunflower, and beef tallow biodiesel. The blends were stored up to 45 days to compare the oxidative stabilities. The binary biodiesel blend composed by 90% buriti biodiesel and 10% beef tallow one presented the highest oxidative stability during the evaluated storage time.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":" 47","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91416082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural gas hydrates are crystalline solids composed of water molecules and light hydrocarbons. The most favorable conditions for the formation of hydrates are high pressure and low temperature. The accumulation of hydrates is a significant problem for the oil industry, as it can result in blockages in the transportation and production lines, or hamper the drilling of wells. Thus, it is imperative to avoid the formation of hydrates. Different techniques have been developed and improved over the years seeking to prevent hydrates formation. The present paper aims to review the literature with the goal of gathering information on the main techniques used to prevent the formation of hydrates. This study also highlights the technological advancement of the main prevention techniques, considering that those techniques use chemicals or heat transfer to prevent or delay the formation of hydrates.
{"title":"A REVIEW OF THE MAIN TECHNIQUES TO AVOID THE FORMATION OF HYDRATES","authors":"Suelem Sá Dela Fonte, G. Simonelli, L. Santos","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Natural gas hydrates are crystalline solids composed of water molecules and light hydrocarbons. The most favorable conditions for the formation of hydrates are high pressure and low temperature. The accumulation of hydrates is a significant problem for the oil industry, as it can result in blockages in the transportation and production lines, or hamper the drilling of wells. Thus, it is imperative to avoid the formation of hydrates. Different techniques have been developed and improved over the years seeking to prevent hydrates formation. The present paper aims to review the literature with the goal of gathering information on the main techniques used to prevent the formation of hydrates. This study also highlights the technological advancement of the main prevention techniques, considering that those techniques use chemicals or heat transfer to prevent or delay the formation of hydrates.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"129 1","pages":"61-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85748990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geopressure studies are one of the most important activities in the upstream sector of oil industry. The geological formation analysis of the existing prospectus of a sedimentary basin enables the measurement of overload, fracture, and pore pressures. Geopressure can be understood as any pressure or stress on a geological formation, whether on macro or microscopic scale. The estimate of geopressure is one of the most important steps for the establishment of an engineering design of drilling operations and well design. The aim of this work is to present the development of a GUI developed for geopressure analysis, i.e. pore pressure curves, fracture curves, and collapse curves. This work presents the definition of geopressure and GUI interface development protocols for a petroleum engineer, as well as real examples and windows of absorption tests with the appropriate operating depths where they are seated shoes.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A GUI INTERFACE FOR GEOPRESSURE DETECTION DURING WELL DRILLING","authors":"D. Santos, D. Santos, W. Souza","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2018-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2018-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Geopressure studies are one of the most important activities in the upstream sector of oil industry. The geological formation analysis of the existing prospectus of a sedimentary basin enables the measurement of overload, fracture, and pore pressures. Geopressure can be understood as any pressure or stress on a geological formation, whether on macro or microscopic scale. The estimate of geopressure is one of the most important steps for the establishment of an engineering design of drilling operations and well design. The aim of this work is to present the development of a GUI developed for geopressure analysis, i.e. pore pressure curves, fracture curves, and collapse curves. This work presents the definition of geopressure and GUI interface development protocols for a petroleum engineer, as well as real examples and windows of absorption tests with the appropriate operating depths where they are seated shoes.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"28 7-8 1","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77852032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. M. Boaventura, F. Peixoto, H. L. Sanches, F. Pessoa
A mixed-integer multiperiod model is used to propose a long-range planning for the Brazilian petrochemical industry. The specific aims of this work are to present a model to select the petrochemical processes capable of increasing over the next 20 years and carry out a sensitivity analysis of this selection if there are changes in demands for products or in the purchase prices of chemicals. The optimization model seeks to minimize the cost and the constraints related to demand, supply, and plant capacities in the petrochemical industry. The long-range planning was suggested for six scenarios, which differ according to the investment constraints, demands for products, and chemicals purchase prices imposed. Among the 295 processes considered, 26 were selected for investment in new process units through the optimization procedure in all scenarios, such as the processes for the production of polyurethane and acrylic fibers. These results are consistent with previous studies of investment assessment of the Brazilian petrochemical industry.
{"title":"LONG-RANGE PLANNING FOR THE BRAZILIAN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY USING MIXED-INTEGER PROGRAMMING","authors":"K. M. Boaventura, F. Peixoto, H. L. Sanches, F. Pessoa","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2017-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2017-0019","url":null,"abstract":"A mixed-integer multiperiod model is used to propose a long-range planning for the Brazilian petrochemical industry. The specific aims of this work are to present a model to select the petrochemical processes capable of increasing over the next 20 years and carry out a sensitivity analysis of this selection if there are changes in demands for products or in the purchase prices of chemicals. The optimization model seeks to minimize the cost and the constraints related to demand, supply, and plant capacities in the petrochemical industry. The long-range planning was suggested for six scenarios, which differ according to the investment constraints, demands for products, and chemicals purchase prices imposed. Among the 295 processes considered, 26 were selected for investment in new process units through the optimization procedure in all scenarios, such as the processes for the production of polyurethane and acrylic fibers. These results are consistent with previous studies of investment assessment of the Brazilian petrochemical industry.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"17 1","pages":"227-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82640063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diatomite or diatomaceous earth is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of diatom siliceous skeletons with high porosity that is often used in adsorption processes. This work investigates the enhancement of diatomite properties using microemulsion systems in the removal of sulfur from commercial diesel. Nonionic surfactants containing microemulsions were used to modify its surface. The adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetry (TG), and N2 adsorption-desorption. A 23 full factorial design was performed to assess the influence of salt concentration on adsorption capacities in the microemulsion aqueous phase (from 20 to 1500 mg/kg). The experiments were carried out at batch temperature (25 to 60 °C) and using a commercial diesel fuel with sulfur concentration from 300 to 1100 mg/kg. Sulfur adsorption capacity increased from 0.436 mg/g to 1.23 mg/g with the optimization of the microemulsion system and with the salt addition. The microemulsion-modified diatomite was able to remove up to 26.53% sulfur from commercial diesel.
{"title":"USING MICROEMULSION-MODIFIED DIATOMITE FOR REMOVING SULFUR FROM COMMERCIAL DIESEL","authors":"T. Dantas, A. Neto, M. Moura, K. Oliveira","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2017-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2017-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Diatomite or diatomaceous earth is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of diatom siliceous skeletons with high porosity that is often used in adsorption processes. This work investigates the enhancement of diatomite properties using microemulsion systems in the removal of sulfur from commercial diesel. Nonionic surfactants containing microemulsions were used to modify its surface. The adsorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetry (TG), and N2 adsorption-desorption. A 23 full factorial design was performed to assess the influence of salt concentration on adsorption capacities in the microemulsion aqueous phase (from 20 to 1500 mg/kg). The experiments were carried out at batch temperature (25 to 60 °C) and using a commercial diesel fuel with sulfur concentration from 300 to 1100 mg/kg. Sulfur adsorption capacity increased from 0.436 mg/g to 1.23 mg/g with the optimization of the microemulsion system and with the salt addition. The microemulsion-modified diatomite was able to remove up to 26.53% sulfur from commercial diesel.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"12 1","pages":"239-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87487169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When two distinct offshore reservoirs produce in the same region, the same gathering system for both reservoirs may be used. It is recommended that the gas/oil composition is modeled because its effects can impact reservoir forecasting. An incorrectly-modeled Integrated Production Management (IPM), i.e. one with insufficient data, can impact system management negatively due to the lack of a rigorous compositional modeling impact assessment. To fully study this problem, there need to be a method to model mixed-composition petroleum streams. Most proposed methods to carry this task are Pseudo-Compositional (based on K-values) or are based on Black-Oil models. The objective of this work is to develop a method for mixed-composition petroleum streams to be used in future compositional IPM optimization studies. This paper implements, validates, and discusses the limitations and reproducibility of a mixed-composition petroleum stream. It models a methodology based on an Equation of State (EoS) and PVT data, and combines concepts proposed by Carpio (2012) to automate the process. This work compares the proposed method with two mixing methods from the literature. The three mixing methods studied are based on concepts of tuned EoS and the well-known methods of EoS from Peng-Robinson (1978), and volume translation from Jhaveri-Youngren (1988). The analysis and comparison of the methods are based on conventional data and simulated tuned experiments, when applicable. The results of this study show a small but significant variability of mixed-stream properties from the three proxy methods with the potential to impact optimal reservoir control conditions. Therefore, the deviation potential of mixed-stream models is worth further investigation, thus, justifying a subsequent sensitivity study, with focus on closed-loop IPM.
{"title":"COMBINING MIXED-COMPOSITION PETROLEUM STREAMS USING PROXY MODELS OF EQUATION OF STATE FOR COMPOSITIONAL INTEGRATED PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT","authors":"S. F. Mello, J. C. H. Filho, D. Schiozer","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2017-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2017-0018","url":null,"abstract":"When two distinct offshore reservoirs produce in the same region, the same gathering system for both reservoirs may be used. It is recommended that the gas/oil composition is modeled because its effects can impact reservoir forecasting. An incorrectly-modeled Integrated Production Management (IPM), i.e. one with insufficient data, can impact system management negatively due to the lack of a rigorous compositional modeling impact assessment. To fully study this problem, there need to be a method to model mixed-composition petroleum streams. Most proposed methods to carry this task are Pseudo-Compositional (based on K-values) or are based on Black-Oil models. The objective of this work is to develop a method for mixed-composition petroleum streams to be used in future compositional IPM optimization studies. This paper implements, validates, and discusses the limitations and reproducibility of a mixed-composition petroleum stream. It models a methodology based on an Equation of State (EoS) and PVT data, and combines concepts proposed by Carpio (2012) to automate the process. This work compares the proposed method with two mixing methods from the literature. The three mixing methods studied are based on concepts of tuned EoS and the well-known methods of EoS from Peng-Robinson (1978), and volume translation from Jhaveri-Youngren (1988). The analysis and comparison of the methods are based on conventional data and simulated tuned experiments, when applicable. The results of this study show a small but significant variability of mixed-stream properties from the three proxy methods with the potential to impact optimal reservoir control conditions. Therefore, the deviation potential of mixed-stream models is worth further investigation, thus, justifying a subsequent sensitivity study, with focus on closed-loop IPM.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"11 1","pages":"205-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87355347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the development stage of a petroleum field, one important decision is to define the schedule for drilling the wells. Several general rules were listed for light and heavy oils. However, these rules are not always applicable and it may be important to use simulation models to test and choose the schedule. This paper consists of the development, implementation, and application of two different algorithms for optimization of wells drilling schedule. The first algorithm seeks, for each period, which well brings the best economic output. Once this well is selected, the second period of time is tested considering the remaining wells and this procedure is repeated until the last well. The second procedure is based on the reduction of search space where random schedules are generated and the best results maintained for the subsequent generation of scenarios, only allowing the wells to be drilled in the period that produced the best values of the objective function in the previous step. This procedure is repeated until each well converges to the period that results in the best economic return. Both algorithms were tested in two synthetic fields, based on the characteristics of offshore heavy oil and high average permeability reservoirs. To generate a benchmark for the solutions, a large amount of random schedules were tested and a normal distribution for net present values was generated. Both algorithms can be applied in any type of reservoirs, resulting in a very time consuming process in the cases where simulation time is very high. The results from both algorithms lead to net present values higher than at least 95% of the values from random schedules. For both cases, economic results were significantly better than those found for selecting strategy using wells ranking based in economic indicators, which is a common procedure. Both algorithms are also easy to implement and they can be inserted in a cycle of automated or assisted optimization process.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION FOR DRILLING SCHEDULE OF WELLS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEAVY OIL RESERVOIRS","authors":"L. F. Lamas, V. Botechia, D. Schiozer, M. Delshad","doi":"10.5419/BJPG2017-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5419/BJPG2017-0014","url":null,"abstract":"During the development stage of a petroleum field, one important decision is to define the schedule for drilling the wells. Several general rules were listed for light and heavy oils. However, these rules are not always applicable and it may be important to use simulation models to test and choose the schedule. This paper consists of the development, implementation, and application of two different algorithms for optimization of wells drilling schedule. The first algorithm seeks, for each period, which well brings the best economic output. Once this well is selected, the second period of time is tested considering the remaining wells and this procedure is repeated until the last well. The second procedure is based on the reduction of search space where random schedules are generated and the best results maintained for the subsequent generation of scenarios, only allowing the wells to be drilled in the period that produced the best values of the objective function in the previous step. This procedure is repeated until each well converges to the period that results in the best economic return. Both algorithms were tested in two synthetic fields, based on the characteristics of offshore heavy oil and high average permeability reservoirs. To generate a benchmark for the solutions, a large amount of random schedules were tested and a normal distribution for net present values was generated. Both algorithms can be applied in any type of reservoirs, resulting in a very time consuming process in the cases where simulation time is very high. The results from both algorithms lead to net present values higher than at least 95% of the values from random schedules. For both cases, economic results were significantly better than those found for selecting strategy using wells ranking based in economic indicators, which is a common procedure. Both algorithms are also easy to implement and they can be inserted in a cycle of automated or assisted optimization process.","PeriodicalId":9312,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas","volume":"1 1","pages":"165-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73489023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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