Pub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3589026
Sebastian Gick;Markus Pfeifer;Sebastian Nielebock;Mark-M. Bakran
This paper introduces a hybrid B6 converter that employs IGBTs as high-side switches and SiC MOSFETs as low-side switches. By integrating a modified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation scheme, the converter achieves near-SiC efficiency during partial load operation of a three-phase industrial motor. Remarkably, it utilizes only half the SiC area of a full SiC converter, making it both cost-effective and straightforward to implement. A motor model is defined to analytically assess the impact of semiconductor loss mechanisms and establish criteria for an efficient industrial motor converter. Simulations based on empirical measurements are conducted to optimize the SiC/Si ratio and generate efficiency curves for the converters under investigation. The results demonstrate that the hybrid converter can reduce partial load losses by two-thirds compared to a conventional IGBT converter. These simulations are validated by experimental loss measurements on a prototype converter, confirming the high accuracy of the simulation results. The proposed converter offers significant advantages, including high flexibility, ease of implementation, and increased power density, with only a moderate rise in converter cost.
{"title":"Simple Hybrid Integration of SiC MOSFETs in a B6 Converter for Enhanced Partial Load Efficiency","authors":"Sebastian Gick;Markus Pfeifer;Sebastian Nielebock;Mark-M. Bakran","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3589026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3589026","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a hybrid B6 converter that employs IGBTs as high-side switches and SiC MOSFETs as low-side switches. By integrating a modified Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation scheme, the converter achieves near-SiC efficiency during partial load operation of a three-phase industrial motor. Remarkably, it utilizes only half the SiC area of a full SiC converter, making it both cost-effective and straightforward to implement. A motor model is defined to analytically assess the impact of semiconductor loss mechanisms and establish criteria for an efficient industrial motor converter. Simulations based on empirical measurements are conducted to optimize the SiC/Si ratio and generate efficiency curves for the converters under investigation. The results demonstrate that the hybrid converter can reduce partial load losses by two-thirds compared to a conventional IGBT converter. These simulations are validated by experimental loss measurements on a prototype converter, confirming the high accuracy of the simulation results. The proposed converter offers significant advantages, including high flexibility, ease of implementation, and increased power density, with only a moderate rise in converter cost.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1282-1295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11080056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-14DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3588785
Anjana Wijesekera;Gregory J. Kish
The modular multilevel ac/ac converter (M2AC) is a recently proposed partial power processing topology for direct ac/ac conversion that can adjust voltage magnitudes and phase angles in single-frequency ac power systems, analogous to a power electronic autotransformer. However, prior studies have been limited to investigating only active power transfers and basic operating features. This article addresses this gap by proposing three operating flexibility enhancements for the M2AC: 1) accommodating practical power flow scenarios where independent control of active and reactive powers is needed, 2) eliminating large dc-link capacitors to realize a fully modular and scalable architecture, and 3) incorporating full fault blocking akin to ac circuit breaker functionality. The fundamental operating principles and fault-blocking characteristics are thoroughly studied for different M2AC design variants, and a comparative analysis is conducted to quantify potential semiconductor savings in comparison to the back-to-back modular multilevel converter as a benchmark. Converter controls incorporating active and reactive power flow management and internal capacitor voltage cell balancing are developed. The M2AC’s steady-state and transient operation and fault-blocking capabilities are validated through simulation studies and further confirmed by experimental tests using a laboratory-scale 250 Vpk, 1 kVA prototype.
{"title":"Improved Operational Flexibility of the M2AC for Direct AC/AC Conversion","authors":"Anjana Wijesekera;Gregory J. Kish","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3588785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3588785","url":null,"abstract":"The modular multilevel ac/ac converter (M2AC) is a recently proposed partial power processing topology for direct ac/ac conversion that can adjust voltage magnitudes and phase angles in single-frequency ac power systems, analogous to a power electronic autotransformer. However, prior studies have been limited to investigating only active power transfers and basic operating features. This article addresses this gap by proposing three operating flexibility enhancements for the M2AC: 1) accommodating practical power flow scenarios where independent control of active and reactive powers is needed, 2) eliminating large dc-link capacitors to realize a fully modular and scalable architecture, and 3) incorporating full fault blocking akin to ac circuit breaker functionality. The fundamental operating principles and fault-blocking characteristics are thoroughly studied for different M2AC design variants, and a comparative analysis is conducted to quantify potential semiconductor savings in comparison to the back-to-back modular multilevel converter as a benchmark. Converter controls incorporating active and reactive power flow management and internal capacitor voltage cell balancing are developed. The M2AC’s steady-state and transient operation and fault-blocking capabilities are validated through simulation studies and further confirmed by experimental tests using a laboratory-scale 250 V<sub>pk</sub>, 1 kVA prototype.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1269-1281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11078915","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-11DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3588047
Samanta Gadelha Barbosa;José Willamy Medeiros de Araújo;Jens Friebe;Fernando Lessa Tofoli;Demercil de Souza Oliveira
This work proposes a novel magnetic integration approach applied to a four-leg interleaved single-phase ac-dc converter topology, aimed at minimizing component count and increasing power density. The proposed design integrates an input filter inductor, two autotransformers, and two high-frequency transformers into a single magnetic structure. Using an equivalent electrical circuit model, a consistent methodology and an iterative optimized design process are derived. The magnetic arrangement and design methodology are experimentally validated using a 6.6 kW prototype. A comparative analysis with multi-component structures across various designs is presented based on a Pareto front, demonstrating that the proposed magnetic integration solution achieves lower magnetic losses and a reduced volume. Within a switching frequency range of 50 kHz to 200 kHz, reductions of up to 33.16% in losses and 55.89% in the magnetic volume are achieved.
{"title":"Magnetic Integration Applied to an Isolated Single-Stage AC–DC Converter","authors":"Samanta Gadelha Barbosa;José Willamy Medeiros de Araújo;Jens Friebe;Fernando Lessa Tofoli;Demercil de Souza Oliveira","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3588047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3588047","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a novel magnetic integration approach applied to a four-leg interleaved single-phase ac-dc converter topology, aimed at minimizing component count and increasing power density. The proposed design integrates an input filter inductor, two autotransformers, and two high-frequency transformers into a single magnetic structure. Using an equivalent electrical circuit model, a consistent methodology and an iterative optimized design process are derived. The magnetic arrangement and design methodology are experimentally validated using a 6.6 kW prototype. A comparative analysis with multi-component structures across various designs is presented based on a Pareto front, demonstrating that the proposed magnetic integration solution achieves lower magnetic losses and a reduced volume. Within a switching frequency range of 50 kHz to 200 kHz, reductions of up to 33.16% in losses and 55.89% in the magnetic volume are achieved.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1243-1254"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11078157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3587266
Vafa Marzang;Shirazul Islam;Sina Ahmadian;Atif Iqbal;Hasan Mehrjerdi;Dong Cao;Shuo Wang
This paper presents a new flexible high step-up DC-DC converter based on coupled inductors (CI), which operates as a Single-Input Dual-Output (SIDO) or Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) converter. The proposed SIDO (or SISO) topology includes two CI, two independent switches, four (three) diodes, and five (four) capacitors. The proposed converter produces high DC output voltages at a low value of duty cycles and low voltage stress across the power MOSFETs. The CIs’ turn ratios give another freedom factor to increase the output voltages and decrease the switches’ stress. The proposed converter ensures low input current ripple by designing the first coupled inductor’s turn ratios. The converter’s operation is analyzed at three zones of the switches’ duty cycles, and the optimum zone is detected to enhance the converter’s efficiency. Dynamic modeling, control strategy, and decoupling of dual output topology are thoroughly investigated. A comparison of the proposed converter with other SIDO/SISO topologies reported in the literature is provided, and the critical features of the proposed converter are highlighted. Finally, these features are proven based on a prototype at power rating and switching frequency of 500 W and 50 kHz, in which the highest efficiency is measured at 200 W and equals 96.4%.
{"title":"A Quadratic Non-Isolated High Step-Up Single-Input Dual-Output DC–DC Topology Based on Coupled Inductors with Low Input Current Ripple","authors":"Vafa Marzang;Shirazul Islam;Sina Ahmadian;Atif Iqbal;Hasan Mehrjerdi;Dong Cao;Shuo Wang","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3587266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3587266","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new flexible high step-up DC-DC converter based on coupled inductors (CI), which operates as a Single-Input Dual-Output (SIDO) or Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) converter. The proposed SIDO (or SISO) topology includes two CI, two independent switches, four (three) diodes, and five (four) capacitors. The proposed converter produces high DC output voltages at a low value of duty cycles and low voltage stress across the power MOSFETs. The CIs’ turn ratios give another freedom factor to increase the output voltages and decrease the switches’ stress. The proposed converter ensures low input current ripple by designing the first coupled inductor’s turn ratios. The converter’s operation is analyzed at three zones of the switches’ duty cycles, and the optimum zone is detected to enhance the converter’s efficiency. Dynamic modeling, control strategy, and decoupling of dual output topology are thoroughly investigated. A comparison of the proposed converter with other SIDO/SISO topologies reported in the literature is provided, and the critical features of the proposed converter are highlighted. Finally, these features are proven based on a prototype at power rating and switching frequency of 500 W and 50 kHz, in which the highest efficiency is measured at 200 W and equals 96.4%.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1225-1242"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11074300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3586881
Yusuf Kosesoy;Henk Huisman;Jan M. Schellekens
In soft switching power converters, placing a capacitor parallel to the switching semiconductor power devices is a means to reduce electromagnetic interference. This paper investigates the application of multi-layer ceramic capacitors, MLCCs, as parallel capacitors in grid-connected converters, focusing on the nonlinear behavior of these components. Unlike traditional capacitors, MLCCs, particularly Class II ceramics like X7R, exhibit voltage-dependent capacitance characteristics, which can introduce beneficial effects for EMI reduction. The study explores different types of MLCCs, comparing NP0/C0G and X7R, and highlights their respective behaviors in controlling voltage (dv/dt) and current (di/dt) transients. Through simulation and experimental validation, it is demonstrated that EMI mitigation using nonlinear MLCCs is more effective than using linear capacitor types as parallel capacitors. The findings of this research provide insight into the selection and application of parallel capacitors in grid-connected converters, with a focus on minimizing EMI.
{"title":"EMI Reduction in Grid-Connected Converters Using the Nonlinear Behavior of Multi-Layer Ceramic Capacitors","authors":"Yusuf Kosesoy;Henk Huisman;Jan M. Schellekens","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3586881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3586881","url":null,"abstract":"In soft switching power converters, placing a capacitor parallel to the switching semiconductor power devices is a means to reduce electromagnetic interference. This paper investigates the application of multi-layer ceramic capacitors, MLCCs, as parallel capacitors in grid-connected converters, focusing on the nonlinear behavior of these components. Unlike traditional capacitors, MLCCs, particularly Class II ceramics like X7R, exhibit voltage-dependent capacitance characteristics, which can introduce beneficial effects for EMI reduction. The study explores different types of MLCCs, comparing NP0/C0G and X7R, and highlights their respective behaviors in controlling voltage (dv/dt) and current (di/dt) transients. Through simulation and experimental validation, it is demonstrated that EMI mitigation using nonlinear MLCCs is more effective than using linear capacitor types as parallel capacitors. The findings of this research provide insight into the selection and application of parallel capacitors in grid-connected converters, with a focus on minimizing EMI.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1255-1268"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11072728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3584263
Syed Mujahid Abbas;Wahaj Abbas Awan;Muhammad Imran Haider;Heba G. Mohamed
The demand in the automobile electronic industry for compact printed circuit boards requires highly reliable microvias that work as an interconnect among the conducting layers of printed circuit boards. To meet industry needs, researchers have developed different testing coupons to capture the early failure of microvias using accelerated testing. However, the percentage of failing microvias is insignificant when considering the failure phenomenon. It highlights the need for a statistical model that can give a significant likelihood of failure microvias that can be reviewed for reliability studies. In this paper, we have developed a statistical test model of microvia using the stress-strength interference method to enhance the possibility of microvia failure to investigate the phenomenon of failure during thermomechanical loading. Finite element models were developed using the design of the experiment technique using the Taguchi method. The results showed a 12% increase in the probability of microvia failure, providing sufficient room to find the behavior of microvias that fail. Moreover, the simulation modeling results correlate with the literature models to verify the accuracy of the model.
{"title":"Stress-Strength Interference Model for the Optimization of Test Coupon Engineering for Microvia Reliability","authors":"Syed Mujahid Abbas;Wahaj Abbas Awan;Muhammad Imran Haider;Heba G. Mohamed","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3584263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3584263","url":null,"abstract":"The demand in the automobile electronic industry for compact printed circuit boards requires highly reliable microvias that work as an interconnect among the conducting layers of printed circuit boards. To meet industry needs, researchers have developed different testing coupons to capture the early failure of microvias using accelerated testing. However, the percentage of failing microvias is insignificant when considering the failure phenomenon. It highlights the need for a statistical model that can give a significant likelihood of failure microvias that can be reviewed for reliability studies. In this paper, we have developed a statistical test model of microvia using the stress-strength interference method to enhance the possibility of microvia failure to investigate the phenomenon of failure during thermomechanical loading. Finite element models were developed using the design of the experiment technique using the Taguchi method. The results showed a 12% increase in the probability of microvia failure, providing sufficient room to find the behavior of microvias that fail. Moreover, the simulation modeling results correlate with the literature models to verify the accuracy of the model.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1190-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11059317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3584753
Alexander K. Bailey;Willsen Wijaya;Seho Kim;Jerry Sun;Tom Allen;Grant A. Covic
Inductive power transfer (IPT) magnetics are often “potted” with an encapsulant material to improve thermal performance. Mismatched thermal expansion of the encapsulation and magnetic core materials creates a residual mechanical stress that permanently reduces the magnetic performance of the Mn–Zn ferrite core layer. An encapsulated small-scale Double-D IPT pad designed for $mathrm{2.5}$$mathrm{kW}$ is built and tested, and the core loss of the ferrite tiles increases by $mathrm{121}$% after encapsulation with a polyurethane-based material. The change in the core loss of the potted IPT pad after encapsulation is predicted using finite element analysis, and the proposed method matches within $mathrm{7.3}$% . Three methods are presented to mitigate this increase in losses and experimentally verified on ferrite toroids. These results show that the choice of encapsulation material significantly impacts the thermal, structural, and electromagnetic behavior of the IPT pad.
{"title":"Impact of Encapsulation on the Core Loss of Ferrites in Inductive Power Transfer","authors":"Alexander K. Bailey;Willsen Wijaya;Seho Kim;Jerry Sun;Tom Allen;Grant A. Covic","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3584753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3584753","url":null,"abstract":"Inductive power transfer (IPT) magnetics are often “potted” with an encapsulant material to improve thermal performance. Mismatched thermal expansion of the encapsulation and magnetic core materials creates a residual mechanical stress that permanently reduces the magnetic performance of the Mn–Zn ferrite core layer. An encapsulated small-scale Double-D IPT pad designed for <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathrm{2.5}$</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathrm{kW}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is built and tested, and the core loss of the ferrite tiles increases by <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathrm{121}$</tex-math></inline-formula>% after encapsulation with a polyurethane-based material. The change in the core loss of the potted IPT pad after encapsulation is predicted using finite element analysis, and the proposed method matches within <inline-formula><tex-math>$mathrm{7.3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>% . Three methods are presented to mitigate this increase in losses and experimentally verified on ferrite toroids. These results show that the choice of encapsulation material significantly impacts the thermal, structural, and electromagnetic behavior of the IPT pad.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1215-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11060834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-26DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3583553
Peng Li;Hin Sang Lam;Boli Chen;Raymond Wai M. Ng;Thomas Parisini;S. Y. Hui
Estimation of fundamental frequency and sinusoidal components is required for the regulation of modern power electronics-dominated power systems. Most of the existing estimation methods are designed for signals with stationary frequency. Hence, their accuracy could significantly degrade in the face of non-stationary frequencies, which is common in low-inertia power systems. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for real-time estimation of a time-varying power frequency and the resulting fundamental signal. This is a time-domain method for (1) estimating non-stationary frequency and (2) fundamental signal reconstruction. It has the advantage of tracking the fundamental frequency component and treating all harmonics and subharmonics as noise. The method is based on a kernel-based estimation scheme and characterized by high accuracy, fast response, and noise immunity because of the inclusion of non-asymptotic kernel functions. The effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme for non-stationary frequency tracking and fundamental signal reconstruction is verified by simulation and experimental results, which explore the use of the proposed scheme for frequency extraction of power signals appear in real world low-inertia systems.
{"title":"Estimation of Non-Stationary Frequency and Fundamental Components for Power Electronics-Dominated Energy Systems","authors":"Peng Li;Hin Sang Lam;Boli Chen;Raymond Wai M. Ng;Thomas Parisini;S. Y. Hui","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3583553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3583553","url":null,"abstract":"Estimation of fundamental frequency and sinusoidal components is required for the regulation of modern power electronics-dominated power systems. Most of the existing estimation methods are designed for signals with <italic>stationary</i> frequency. Hence, their accuracy could significantly degrade in the face of non-stationary frequencies, which is common in low-inertia power systems. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for real-time estimation of a time-varying power frequency and the resulting fundamental signal. This is a time-domain method for (1) estimating <italic>non-stationary</i> frequency and (2) fundamental signal reconstruction. It has the advantage of tracking the fundamental frequency component and treating all harmonics and subharmonics as noise. The method is based on a kernel-based estimation scheme and characterized by high accuracy, fast response, and noise immunity because of the inclusion of non-asymptotic kernel functions. The effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme for non-stationary frequency tracking and fundamental signal reconstruction is verified by simulation and experimental results, which explore the use of the proposed scheme for frequency extraction of power signals appear in real world low-inertia systems.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1202-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11052682","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-23DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3582012
Mohib Ullah;Yajuan Guan;Yun Yu;Sanjay K. Chaudhary;Juan C. Vasquez;Josep M. Guerrero
In the current transition of power industry from conventional sources to renewable energy sources, wind power generation is becoming one of the key sources of electrical energy. Although the development of wind power plants (WPPs) has made a significant contribution to addressing the demand for clean and cheap energy, the integration of large-scale WPPs introduces a series of technical challenges to power system operations. These challenges involved control, protection, and adherence to specified power quality standards. Particularly, power quality plays a vital role in utility systems and industries having direct technical and economic impact on both power consumers and suppliers. To tackle such issues, various grid codes have been initiated by regulation authorities. Moreover, different ancillary devices and control approaches have been adopted to comply with the established grid code. This article aims to review the state-of-the-art research and progress, while considering the main challenges related to dynamic performance and power quality enhancement of emerging grid-forming wind power plants. Various topologies of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are examined and compared, and their control strategies are investigated. A comprehensive review on power quality and dynamic response issues caused by large-scale wind power integration is presented. Moreover, the evolving grid code requirements for grid-connected WPPs in most leading countries including Denmark, U.K., Australia, Germany, and the USA are analyzed and compared. Furthermore, the improvement approaches proposed in the literature are investigated and classified on different basis and their pros and cons are discussed. A brief discussion on the solutions and future directions is presented. Finally, some conclusive considerations about the overall study are provided.
{"title":"Dynamic Performance and Power Quality of Large-Scale Wind Power Plants: A Review on Challenges, Evolving Grid Code, and Proposed Solutions","authors":"Mohib Ullah;Yajuan Guan;Yun Yu;Sanjay K. Chaudhary;Juan C. Vasquez;Josep M. Guerrero","doi":"10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3582012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3582012","url":null,"abstract":"In the current transition of power industry from conventional sources to renewable energy sources, wind power generation is becoming one of the key sources of electrical energy. Although the development of wind power plants (WPPs) has made a significant contribution to addressing the demand for clean and cheap energy, the integration of large-scale WPPs introduces a series of technical challenges to power system operations. These challenges involved control, protection, and adherence to specified power quality standards. Particularly, power quality plays a vital role in utility systems and industries having direct technical and economic impact on both power consumers and suppliers. To tackle such issues, various grid codes have been initiated by regulation authorities. Moreover, different ancillary devices and control approaches have been adopted to comply with the established grid code. This article aims to review the state-of-the-art research and progress, while considering the main challenges related to dynamic performance and power quality enhancement of emerging grid-forming wind power plants. Various topologies of wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are examined and compared, and their control strategies are investigated. A comprehensive review on power quality and dynamic response issues caused by large-scale wind power integration is presented. Moreover, the evolving grid code requirements for grid-connected WPPs in most leading countries including Denmark, U.K., Australia, Germany, and the USA are analyzed and compared. Furthermore, the improvement approaches proposed in the literature are investigated and classified on different basis and their pros and cons are discussed. A brief discussion on the solutions and future directions is presented. Finally, some conclusive considerations about the overall study are provided.","PeriodicalId":93182,"journal":{"name":"IEEE open journal of power electronics","volume":"6 ","pages":"1148-1173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11045996","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1109/OJPEL.2025.3581404
Peter A. Hoeher;Yang Leng;Rongwu Zhu
Talkative Power Conversion (TPC) is a simultaneous information and power transfer technique, in which data modulation is integrated into a switched-mode power electronics converter. In this paper, to our best knowledge, for the first time TPC is applied to multiple-active-bridge converters with an arbitrary number of ports. This concept, called multiport TPC, extends potential use cases of multiport converters by embedded communication services. The add-on is purely software-based. The fundamentals of classical multiport converters are briefly reviewed and the basics of multiport TPC are presented. A combined signal and system model is derived for isolated H-bridge based multiport converters and can be applied to arbitrary port configurations, power modulation schemes, and data modulation schemes. For selected triple-active-bridge configurations, numerical results are presented and verified experimentally. Potential applications are suggested and future research perspectives are outlined.
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