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FEDM: a convolutional neural network based fertilised egg detection model. FEDM:基于卷积神经网络的受精卵检测模型。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2356656
Z Gong, M Wang, J Song

1. The production of goose eggs holds significant economic value on a global scale and the quality of fertilised eggs is crucial for the successful hatching and sustained development of the poultry industry. Developing a low-cost fertilised egg identification system that is suitable for large-scale testing is of great significance. However, existing methods are expensive and have high environmental detection requirements, which limit their promotion.2. To address this issue, an improved object detection model called FEDM based on YOLOv5 is proposed, which has been shown to be outstanding among nine models. The main network of YOLOv5 is enhanced with the SENet attention mechanism to improve the feature selection capability. The C3_DCNv3 is introduced to enhance the detection ability of blood vessels in the fertilised eggs. The application of Dyhead significantly improved the representation capacity of the object detection head without any computational overhead. The loss function is replaced with MPDIoU to simplify the calculation process.3. Experimental results from the augmented dataset showed that the average precision of the FEDM reached 96.7%, which is a 5.5% improvement compared to the YOLOv5s model. FEDM exhibited better detection performance on eggs from different shooting angles than the YOLOv5 algorithm and achieves high detection speed.4. The FEDM secured significant advancement on the detection rate of the fourth day fertilised egg compared to the YOLOv5 algorithm. Based on this result, savings and space utilisation can be made, which has practical application value.

1.鹅蛋的生产在全球范围内具有重要的经济价值,而受精蛋的质量对于家禽业的成功孵化和持续发展至关重要。开发适合大规模检测的低成本受精蛋鉴定系统意义重大。然而,现有方法成本高、环境检测要求高,限制了其推广。 针对这一问题,提出了一种基于 YOLOv5 的改进对象检测模型 FEDM,该模型在九种模型中表现突出。在 YOLOv5 的主网络中加入了 SENet 注意机制,以提高特征选择能力。引入 C3_DCNv3 增强了对受精卵中血管的检测能力。Dyhead 的应用大大提高了物体检测头的表示能力,而且没有任何计算开销。3. 增强数据集的实验结果表明,FEDM 的平均精度达到 96.7%,比 YOLOv5s 模型提高了 5.5%。4. 与 YOLOv5 算法相比,FEDM 确保了第四天受精卵检测率的显著提高。基于这一结果,可以节省和利用空间,具有实际应用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of maize differing in particle size in low-density protein diets fed to broilers from day 1 to 21 of age. 不同粒径的玉米在第 1 至 21 日龄肉鸡低密度蛋白质日粮中的功效。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2356655
M Naeem, E J Burton, D V Scholey, A Alkhtib, S Broadberry

1. This study evaluated the efficacy of maize differing in particle size in low-density protein diets on performance, the digestive tract and litter characteristics in broilers. Four dietary treatments; control commercial diet with a typical crude protein content 22.50% (CON); CON + 20% maize with particle size 350 µm (M350), crude protein 19.90%; CON + 20% maize with particle size 2600 µm (M2600), crude protein 19.90%; CON + 20% whole maize (WM), crude protein 19.90%, were fed ad libitum to broiler chicks up to 21 d of age.2. No differences in body weight gain, feed intake and FCR were found between the WM and CON. WM increased body weight gain compared to M350 and M2600. M350, M2600 and WM increased (p = 0.004) gizzard relative weight compared with CON on day 14. Both WM and M2600 reduced (p = 0.001) gastric isthmus diameter on d 14 and 21 compared with CON and M350.3. No differences were seen in mucosa for the Lamina propria and the extent of Tunica muscularis of gizzard on d 21 and ileum mucosal depth on d 14 between WM and CON diets. However, WM reduced villus-to-crypt ratio compared with CON on d 21. The M350 reduced (p < 0.05) gizzard digesta particle size compared with CON, M2600 and WM on d 14.4. Both WM and M350 decreased (p < 0.05) nitrogen excretion compared to birds fed CON. Feeding WM increased nitrogen efficiency compared with M350 and M2600 diets, but was similar to birds fed CON. Feeding M350, M2600 or WM decreased (p < 0.05) litter moisture and footpad dermatitis (FPD) scores compared with results from birds fed CON.5. Overall, diluting the protein level in broiler diets with whole maize appeared better than fine or coarse maize in terms of growth performance, digestive tract development, nitrogen excretion and litter parameters. This may lead to economic benefits by reducing grinding costs and dependence on rich protein resources contributing to sustainable meat production and food security.

1.本研究评估了低密度蛋白日粮中不同粒度的玉米对肉鸡的生产性能、消化道和产仔特征的影响。对 21 日龄以下的肉用仔鸡自由采食了四种日粮处理:粗蛋白质含量为 22.50%的对照商品日粮(CON);CON + 20% 粒径为 350 微米(M350)、粗蛋白质含量为 19.90%的玉米;CON + 20% 粒径为 2600 微米(M2600)、粗蛋白质含量为 19.90%的玉米;CON + 20% 全玉米(WM)、粗蛋白质含量为 19.90%。 WM 和 CON 在体重增加、采食量和饲料报酬率方面没有差异。与 M350 和 M2600 相比,WM 可提高增重。在第 14 天,M350、M2600 和 WM 比 CON 增加了胗的相对重量(p = 0.004)。与 CON 和 M350.3 相比,WM 和 M2600 在第 14 天和第 21 天均缩小了胃峡直径(p = 0.001)。在第 21 天,WM 和 CON 两种日粮的胗固有层粘膜和胗肌层范围以及第 14 天的回肠粘膜深度没有差异。然而,与 CON 日粮相比,WM 在第 21 天降低了绒毛与隐窝的比率。M350 降低了(p p p
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引用次数: 0
Effects of graded levels of dietary microbial 6-phytase on performance, intestinal histomorphology, caecal microbial population and short-chain fatty acid composition of Lohmann white-classics. 分级水平的日粮微生物 6-phytase 对 Lohmann white-classics 的性能、肠道组织形态学、盲肠微生物群和短链脂肪酸组成的影响。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2352835
Y Cufadar, S Golzar Adabi, E T Gül, L Nollet

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of graded levels of phytase on the performance, egg quality and gut health of white laying hens.2. Treatments consisted of a negative control (NC) diet containing 0.14% available phosphorus (avP), positive control (PC) diet containing 0.35% avP provided via dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and DCP replaced in the PC by with three graded levels of phytase derived from Komagataella phaffii at 500 (PC-500), 750 (PC-750) and 1000 (PC-1000) FTU/kg which provided 0.176%, 0.188% and 0.200% of avP, respectively.3. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and jejunal morphometry were negatively affected in NC-fed birds (p < 0.05). Considering the whole period, birds fed a diet supplemented with graded levels of phytase shared the same egg production and feed intake levels with PC birds (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was significantly lowered by 4.9%, 1.6% and 7.6% in hens fed on diets PC-500, PC-750 and PC-1000, respectively compared to those fed the PC (p < 0.05).4. Neither of the dietary treatments affected cracked eggs, dirty eggs, eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness. Dietary supplementation of phytase significantly increased villus surface area by 15%, 36% and 40% in PC-500, PC-750 and PC-1000 birds, respectively compared to PC (p < 0.05).5. A significant increase in lactobacillus count was observed in line with increasing the level of phytase (p < 0.05). Dietary treatments had no effect on the caecal coliform or aerobic populations. Furthermore, phytase supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of total caecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA; p < 0.01).6. In conclusion, along with improving performance parameters, the inclusion of phytase in laying hen diets can ameliorate intestinal morphology and stimulate caecal microflora and increase SCFA concentrations.

1.本研究旨在确定分级植酸酶对白羽蛋鸡的生产性能、鸡蛋质量和肠道健康的影响。处理包括含有 0.14% 可用磷(avP)的阴性对照(NC)日粮、通过磷酸二钙(DCP)提供 0.35% 可用磷的阳性对照(PC)日粮,以及在阳性对照(PC)日粮中用 500(PC-500)、750(PC-750)和 1000(PC-1000) FTU/kg(分别提供 0.176%、0.188% 和 0.200%的可用磷)的植酸酶替代 DCP。NC饲喂的鸡的产蛋量、采食量、饲料转化率和空肠形态均受到负面影响(P P P P P P
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引用次数: 0
Effect of manganese amino acid complexes on growth performance, meat quality, breast muscle and bone development in broilers. 锰氨基酸复合物对肉鸡生长性能、肉质、胸肌和骨骼发育的影响
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2346640
L Li, M Ma, G Zuo, J Xiao, J Chen, X He, Z Song

1. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of manganese (Mn) amino acid complexes on growth performance, Mn deposition, meat quality, breast muscle and bone development of broilers.2. A total of 504, one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into seven treatments; control diet (CON; basal diet, no extra Mn addition), manganese diet (MnN as Numine®-Mn; CON + 40, 80, 120 or 160 mg Mn/kg), manganese-S group (MnS; CON + 120 mg Mn/kg as MnSO4·H2O), manganese-A diet (MnA as Mn from hydrolysed feather meal; CON + 40 mg Mn/kg as MnA).3. There were no significant differences for average daily gain (ADG) or feed intake (ADFI) among diets during the feed phases (p > 0.05). The FCR in the starter and over the whole period were quadratically affected by dietary MnN dosage and gave the lowest FCR at 80 mg/kg (p < 0.05). The Mn content of thigh muscle, jejunum, heart, pancreas, liver and tibia increased linearly with MnN addition (p < 0.05).4. For meat quality, MnN significantly increased colour (a*), pH45 min and pH24 h, reduced shear force, drip loss and pressure loss of breast muscle (p < 0.05).5. Moreover, MnN significantly upregulated MYOD expression at d 21 and SOD expression at d 42, decreased MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 mRNA level at d 42 in breast muscle. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the regulating effect of MnN on muscle development significantly enriched signalling pathways such as adhesion, ECM-receptor, MAPK, mTOR and AMPK. Furthermore, dietary MnN significantly affected tibia length and growth plate development (p < 0.05) and promoted growth plate chondrocytes by increasing SOX-9, Runx-2, Mef2c, TGF-β, Ihh, Bcl-2 and Beclin1 and decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 (p < 0.05) expression which affect longitudinal tibial development.6. In conclusion, Mn amino acid complexes could improve growth performance, tissue Mn deposition, breast muscle development, meat quality and bone development.

1.本研究旨在探讨日粮中补充锰(Mn)氨基酸复合物对肉鸡生长性能、锰沉积、肉质、胸肌和骨骼发育的影响。.将 504 只一天龄的雄性 Arbor Acres 肉鸡随机分为 7 个处理:对照日粮(CON;基础日粮,不额外添加锰)、锰日粮(MnN 为 Numine®-Mn;CON + 40、80、120 或 160 毫克锰/千克)、锰-S 组(MnS;CON + 120 毫克锰/千克,以 MnSO4-H2O 计)、锰-A 日粮(MnA,以水解羽毛粉中的锰计;CON + 40 毫克锰/千克,以 MnA 计)。各饲养阶段不同日粮的平均日增重(ADG)和采食量(ADFI)无明显差异(P > 0.05)。日粮中 MnN 的添加量对开食期和整个生长期的 FCR 有四次方影响,80 mg/kg 时 FCR 最低(p p 45 min 和 pH24 h,乳房肌肉剪切力、滴水损失和压力损失降低(p MYOD 表达在第 21 d,SOD 表达在第 42 d,乳房肌肉中 MuRF1 和 Atrogin-1 mRNA 水平在第 42 d 降低)。转录组分析表明,MnN对肌肉发育的调节作用显著地丰富了信号通路,如粘附、ECM-受体、MAPK、mTOR和AMPK。此外,膳食 MnN 会明显影响胫骨长度和生长板的发育(p SOX-9、Runx-2、Mef2c、TGF-β、Ihh、Bcl-2 和 Beclin1,降低 Bax 和 Caspase-3 (p
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引用次数: 0
Effects of embryo injected with ochratoxin A on growth performance, jejunal morphology and barrier of ducklings. 胚胎注射赭曲霉毒素 A 对雏鸭生长性能、空肠形态和屏障的影响
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2355638
X Peng, J Liu, C Liu, X Jiang, Y Yang, S Zhai

1. This trial investigated the effect on embryo injected with ochratoxin A (OTA) and the growth performance, jejunal morphology and barrier of ducklings to 21 d old.2. Two hundred forty, fertilised eggs were individually weighed and randomly assigned to two groups, a control (CON) and the OTA treatment, according to average egg weight. On d 13 of embryonic development, the treatment group was injected with 8 ng OTA/g egg and the CON group was injected with NaHCO3 solution as a placebo. All newly hatched ducklings were assigned to the CON or OTA group based on the different treatments. Each treatment consisted of six replicates and each included 10 ducklings and the experiment lasted until 21 d of age.3. The results showed that embryos injected with OTA affected the 21 d body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) of ducklings (p < 0.05). OTA exposure increased the relative weights of the liver, pancreas, gizzard, proventriculus and jejunum (p < 0.05); and decreased the relative length of the jejunum of ducklings (p < 0.05). Moreover, jejunal crypt depth increased (p < 0.05) and the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (Vh/Cd) decreased in the OTA-injected group (p < 0.05). Compared with those in the CON group, the mRNA expression of Zonula Occludens-1; (ZO-1) (p = 0.0582) and Occludin; (p = 0.0687) in the OTA treatment group was downregulated.4. The findings demonstrated that a single low-dose injection of OTA increased body weight and daily gain in ducklings. Moreover, embryo exposure to OTA had negative effects with increased relative weight of organs and the jejunal crypt depth, decreased relative length of the intestine and mRNA expression of tight junctions (ZO-1, Occludin).

1.本试验研究了赭曲霉毒素 A(OTA)对胚胎注射的影响,以及对 21 日龄雏鸭生长性能、空肠形态和屏障的影响。 2. 将 240 枚受精卵单独称重,并按平均蛋重随机分配到两组,即对照组(CON)和 OTA 处理组。在胚胎发育的第 13 天,给处理组注射 8 ng OTA/g,给对照组注射 NaHCO3 溶液作为安慰剂。根据不同的处理方法,将所有刚孵化的雏鸭分配到 CON 组或 OTA 组。每个处理有六个重复,每个重复包括 10 只小鸭,实验持续到 21 日龄。结果表明,胚胎注射 OTA 会影响雏鸭 21 d 的体重(BW)和平均日增重(ADG)(p p p p p OTA 处理组的 Zonula Occludens-1; (ZO-1) (p = 0.0582) 和 Occludin; (p = 0.0687) 下调)。 研究结果表明,单次低剂量注射 OTA 可增加雏鸭的体重和日增重。此外,胚胎暴露于 OTA 有负面影响,器官相对重量和空肠隐窝深度增加,肠道相对长度和紧密连接(ZO-1、Occludin)mRNA 表达减少。
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引用次数: 0
Interplay of poultry-microbiome interactions - influencing factors and microbes in poultry infections and metabolic disorders. 家禽与微生物组之间的相互作用--家禽感染和代谢紊乱的影响因素和微生物。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2356666
C E Aruwa, S Sabiu

1. The poultry microbiome and its stability at every point in time, either free range or reared under different farming systems, is affected by several environmental and innate factors. The interaction of the poultry birds with their microbiome, as well as several inherent and extraneous factors contribute to the microbiome dynamics. A poor understanding of this could worsen poultry heath and result in disease/metabolic disorders.2. Many diseased states associated with poultry have been linked to dysbiosis state, where the microbiome experiences some perturbation. Dysbiosis itself is too often downplayed; however, it is considered a disease which could lead to more serious conditions in poultry. The management of interconnected factors by conventional and emerging technologies (sequencing, nanotechnology, robotics, 3D mini-guts) could prove to be indispensable in ensuring poultry health and welfare.3. Findings showed that high-throughput technological advancements enhanced scientific insights into emerging trends surrounding the poultry gut microbiome and ecosystem, the dysbiotic condition, and the dynamic roles of intrinsic and exogenous factors in determining poultry health. Yet, a combination of conventional, -omics based and other techniques further enhance characterisation of key poultry microbiome actors, their mechanisms of action, and roles in maintaining gut homoeostasis and health, in a bid to avert metabolic disorders and infections.4. In conclusion, there is an important interplay of innate, environmental, abiotic and biotic factors impacting on poultry gut microbiome homoeostasis, dysbiosis, and overall health. Associated infections and metabolic disorders can result from the interconnected nature of these factors. Emerging concepts (interkingdom or network signalling and neurotransmitter), and future technologies (mini-gut models, cobots) need to include these interactions to ensure accurate control and outcomes.

1.无论是自由放养还是在不同养殖系统下饲养的家禽,其微生物组及其在每个时间点的稳定性都受到多种环境和先天因素的影响。家禽与其微生物组之间的相互作用以及一些内在和外在因素都会对微生物组的动态变化产生影响。2. 许多与家禽有关的疾病状态都与微生物组受到某种干扰的菌群失调状态有关。菌群失调本身往往被轻描淡写,但它被认为是一种疾病,可导致家禽出现更严重的病症。研究结果表明,高通量技术的进步提高了人们对家禽肠道微生物组和生态系统的新趋势、菌群失调状态以及决定家禽健康的内在和外在因素的动态作用的科学认识。然而,将传统技术、基于组学的技术和其他技术结合起来,可进一步增强对家禽微生物组关键角色、其作用机制以及在维持肠道平衡和健康方面的作用的描述,从而避免代谢紊乱和感染。 总之,先天、环境、非生物和生物因素之间存在着重要的相互作用,对家禽肠道微生物组的平衡、菌群失调和整体健康产生影响。这些因素的相互关联性会导致相关感染和代谢紊乱。新出现的概念(王国间或网络信号和神经递质)和未来的技术(迷你肠道模型、cobots)需要包括这些相互作用,以确保准确的控制和结果。
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引用次数: 0
Partial budget analysis of laying hens' transition from cages to production systems of improved welfare: a case study in Greece. 蛋鸡从笼养向改善福利的生产系统过渡的部分预算分析:希腊案例研究。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2360631
M Z Kritsa, K Tsiboukas, E N Sossidou, P E Simitzis, M Goliomytis

1. In recent years, public concern regarding animal welfare has increased while, at the same time, cage systems for animal production have been greatly criticised by EU citizens. In addition, large food retailers promote food products that are made with eggs produced in cage-free systems.2. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of the transition of laying hens' to production systems; from conventional to alternative systems with improved welfare. Three independent scenarios were assumed as follows: transition from enriched colony cages to barn (S1), transition from barn to free-range (S2), and transition from free-range to organic (S3). Economic assessments of each transition was applied to a model farm in Greece with 12 000 hens, through partial budget analysis and net benefits and costs were estimated.3. The results showed a positive economic impact in all transitions to a production system of improved animal welfare (€12,044 in S1, €18,957 in S2 and €7,977 in S3) which indicated that they are economically sustainable. In all scenarios, unit cost increased by 19% in S1, 12% in S2, and 85% in S3.4. In conclusion, transitioning towards improved animal welfare production systems in laying hen farms could be an economically viable option for egg producers in compliance with societal demands and market trends.

1.近年来,公众对动物福利的关注与日俱增,与此同时,笼养动物生产系统也受到了欧盟公民的强烈批评。此外,大型食品零售商也在推广用无笼养系统生产的鸡蛋制作的食品。这项研究的目的是评估蛋鸡生产系统转型的经济可行性;从传统系统到福利改善的替代系统。假设了以下三种独立的情况:从高密度鸡笼过渡到鸡舍(S1),从鸡舍过渡到散养(S2),以及从散养过渡到有机(S3)。通过部分预算分析,对希腊一个拥有 12000 只母鸡的示范农场进行了经济评估,并估算了净效益和成本。 结果表明,所有向改善动物福利生产系统的过渡都会产生积极的经济影响(S1 为 12,044 欧元,S2 为 18,957 欧元,S3 为 7,977 欧元),这表明这些过渡在经济上是可持续的。在所有方案中,S1 的单位成本增加了 19%,S2 增加了 12%,S3 增加了 85%。总之,根据社会需求和市场趋势,蛋鸡养殖场向改良动物福利生产系统过渡是鸡蛋生产商经济上可行的选择。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular and transcriptomic analysis of the ovary during laying and brooding stages in Zhedong white geese (Anser cygnoides domesticus). 浙东白鹅产蛋期和育雏期卵巢的分子和转录组分析
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2364351
Y Wang, S Wang, Z Zang, B Li, G Liu, H Huang, X Zhao

1. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms affecting brooding in Zhedong white geese by examining differences in reproductive endocrine levels, ovarian histology and transcriptomics.2. Twenty 18-month-old Zhedong white geese were selected to examine their ovaries using histological, biochemical, molecular biological, and high-throughput sequencing techniques during the laying and brooding periods.3. The results showed that the number of atretic follicles and apoptotic cells in the ovaries increased significantly (p < 0.05), the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and oestradiol decreased significantly (p < 0.05), and the level of prolactin increased significantly (p < 0.01) during the brooding stage.4. In broody geese, the expression of CASP3, CASP9, P53, BAX, and Cyt-c were considerably higher (p < 0.05), but BCL2 expression was significantly lower (p < 0.05).5. In ovarian tissues, 260 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 13 differentially expressed miRNA and 60 differentially expressed mRNA were all discovered using transcriptome sequencing analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed mRNA and non-coding RNA target genes were primarily involved in ECM-receptor interaction, cell adhesion, cardiac muscle contraction, mTOR signalling, and the calcium signalling pathway.6. In conclusion, follicular atrophy and apoptosis occurred in the ovaries and serum reproductive hormone levels were significantly changed during the brooding period of Zhedong white geese. COL3A1, COL1A2, GRIA1, RNF152, miR-192, and miR-194 may be important candidates for the regulation of brooding behaviour, with the mTOR signalling pathway playing a key role.

1.本研究通过研究浙东白鹅生殖内分泌水平、卵巢组织学和转录组学的差异,探讨影响浙东白鹅育雏的分子机制。 选取 20 只 18 月龄浙东白鹅,在产蛋期和育雏期使用组织学、生物化学、分子生物学和高通量测序技术对其卵巢进行检测。结果表明,卵巢中闭锁卵泡和凋亡细胞的数量显著增加(p p p CASP3、CASP9、P53、BAX 和 Cyt-c 的表达量显著增加(p BCL2 的表达量显著降低(p COL3A1、COL1A2、GRIA1、RNF152、miR-192 和 miR-194 可能是调控育雏行为的重要候选因子,其中 mTOR 信号通路起着关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of grinding method and extent of pelleting of broiler diets on performance, feeding behaviour and digestive tract functionality. 肉鸡日粮的粉碎方法和制粒程度对性能、采食行为和消化道功能的影响
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2405208
S Dhakal, H Hetland, B Svihus

1. An experiment was carried out to examine if a heterogeneous diet consisting of pellets and coarse cereal particles would result in a similar feed intake to pelleted-only diets. It also considered whether coarser particles entering the gizzard would encourage the development of the gizzard and thus improve digestive tract functionality. Maize and wheat were hammer milled through a 3 mm screen after coarse grinding using either one of the two screens with a novel pattern. Three pellet-only diets were produced based on three grinding sizes. Additionally, four diets were produced by separating coarse cereal particles from moderately coarse particles by sieving either once or twice, pelleting the remainder and finally mixing these into a complete heterogeneous diet.2. No difference in performance between birds fed the three pelleted-only diets was observed. However, heterogeneous diets resulted in a lower feed intake (FI) and weight gain (WG) than pelleted-only diets (p < 0.05). The dietary treatments neither affected the feed conversion ratio nor ileal digestibility of starch and protein (p > 0.05). As expected, feeding a heterogeneous diets increased (p < 0.05) the relative weight of the gizzard and its contents. Approximately 50% of the particles in the small intestine were between 0.15 mm and 0.36 mm in diameter, with more fine particles observed when the pelleted-only diets containing coarsely ground cereals were fed, confirming the capacity of the gizzard to finely grind feed.3. Sieving of the diet remaining in the feeder during 4 h of feeding two of the heterogeneous diets showed that the particles > 2.8 mm disappeared first (p < 0.05), showing the birds' preference for larger particles when offered heterogeneous diets. Although the birds were able to handle the coarse microstructure of the diets without any negative effects, the reduced performance in the case of heterogeneous diets might have been related to feed intake issues and particle selection, resulting in an imbalance in nutrient intake.

1.实验研究了由颗粒饲料和粗颗粒饲料组成的混合饲料是否会导致与纯颗粒饲料相似的采食量。实验还考虑了进入胗的粗颗粒是否会促进胗的发育,从而改善消化道的功能。玉米和小麦在粗磨后通过 3 毫米的筛子进行锤磨,筛子采用两种新型筛子中的一种。根据三种研磨尺寸生产了三种纯颗粒日粮。此外,还通过一次或两次筛分将粗颗粒谷物与中等粗颗粒谷物分离,将剩余部分制成颗粒,最后将其混合成完整的异质日粮,制成了四种日粮。 2. 在饲喂这三种纯颗粒日粮的鸟类中,没有观察到性能上的差异。然而,混合日粮的采食量(FI)和增重(WG)均低于纯颗粒日粮(p p > 0.05)。正如预期的那样,饲喂异构日粮首先增加(p 2.8 mm),然后消失(p 2.8 mm)。
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引用次数: 0
Glycerol is not suitable for the cryopreservation of quail semen. 甘油不适合用于鹌鹑精液的冷冻保存。
IF 1.6 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2357671
I Grasseau, I Couty, I Grimaud-Jottreau, A Vitorino Carvalho

1. This study investigated the potential use of glycerol as a cryoprotectant for quail sperm cells. Its role in maintaining sperm fertilising ability in vivo and in vitro quality parameters, such as motility, was assessed.2. The data showed that the presence of glycerol in semen samples was associated with infertility, which suggested that removal prior to insemination is mandatory. Removal through serial dilution centrifugation was associated with fewer than 5% of motile sperm cells and resulted in no fertility.3. In conclusion, glycerol alone is not suitable for quail semen cryopreservation, and other approaches need to be investigated to develop cryobanking programmes for this species.

1.这项研究调查了甘油作为鹌鹑精子细胞低温保护剂的潜在用途。数据显示,精液样本中甘油的存在与不育有关,这表明在授精前必须去除甘油。总之,甘油本身并不适合用于鹌鹑精液的冷冻保存,因此需要研究其他方法来制定该物种的冷冻保存计划。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
British Poultry Science
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