Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3642482
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3642482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3642482","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"6 1","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11353067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3642480
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3642480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3642480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"6 1","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11353052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145963447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3633464
{"title":"2025 Index IEEE Transactions of Microwaves","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3633464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3633464","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 6","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11250610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3603119
Antonin Sojka;Karl Rieger;Nikolay Agladze;Qile Wu;Brad D. Price;Bei Shi;Seamus O'Hara;Joe Costello;Jonathan Klamkin;Marzieh Kavand;Catherine L. Nguyen;Garrett D. Cole;Thorsten Maly;Mark S. Sherwin
We present an amplitude modulator for high-power sub-terahertz radiation based on a laser-driven semiconductor switch capable of arbitrarily shaping pulse sequences with nanosecond time resolution. The core of the device is a photonic switch constructed from a 4 $mu$m-thick epitaxially grown indium phosphide film bonded to a sapphire substrate. This switch is driven by an array of eight fiber-coupled 905 nm laser diodes, each delivering up to 125 W of peak power with programmable pulse durations ranging from 40 to 250 ns. By optimizing the semiconductor layer and substrate combination, we achieve a two-orders-of-magnitude reduction in the optical excitation fluence required for modulation, a key advancement that enables the use of compact and cost-effective laser diodes rather than high-power pulsed lasers traditionally required for such devices. The modulator was experimentally validated through a 240 GHz pulsed electron spin resonance experiment. The modulator also successfully operated with nearly 1 kW of sub-THz radiation without sustaining damage. Time-resolved reflectance measurements confirmed that the temporal structure of the laser pulses is faithfully imprinted onto the reflected sub-THz signal, demonstrating the system’s capability for flexible and precise pulse shaping at high frequencies.
{"title":"Arbitrary Sub-THz Pulse Shaping via a Laser-Array-Driven InP-on-Sapphire Switch","authors":"Antonin Sojka;Karl Rieger;Nikolay Agladze;Qile Wu;Brad D. Price;Bei Shi;Seamus O'Hara;Joe Costello;Jonathan Klamkin;Marzieh Kavand;Catherine L. Nguyen;Garrett D. Cole;Thorsten Maly;Mark S. Sherwin","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3603119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3603119","url":null,"abstract":"We present an amplitude modulator for high-power sub-terahertz radiation based on a laser-driven semiconductor switch capable of arbitrarily shaping pulse sequences with nanosecond time resolution. The core of the device is a photonic switch constructed from a 4 <inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m-thick epitaxially grown indium phosphide film bonded to a sapphire substrate. This switch is driven by an array of eight fiber-coupled 905 nm laser diodes, each delivering up to 125 W of peak power with programmable pulse durations ranging from 40 to 250 ns. By optimizing the semiconductor layer and substrate combination, we achieve a two-orders-of-magnitude reduction in the optical excitation fluence required for modulation, a key advancement that enables the use of compact and cost-effective laser diodes rather than high-power pulsed lasers traditionally required for such devices. The modulator was experimentally validated through a 240 GHz pulsed electron spin resonance experiment. The modulator also successfully operated with nearly 1 kW of sub-THz radiation without sustaining damage. Time-resolved reflectance measurements confirmed that the temporal structure of the laser pulses is faithfully imprinted onto the reflected sub-THz signal, demonstrating the system’s capability for flexible and precise pulse shaping at high frequencies.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 6","pages":"1271-1283"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11236090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3620046
{"title":"IEEE Microwave Theory and Technology Society Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3620046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3620046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 6","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11231148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145449350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3620048
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3620048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3620048","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 6","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11231177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145449362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3621021
{"title":"List of Reviewers for Volume 4, 2024 and Volume 5, 2025","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3621021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3621021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 6","pages":"1370-1372"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11231178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145449352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3622349
Peter H. Siegel
This issue we are back to our more usual mix of experimental and analytic articles with a bit of extra focus on high frequency instruments and applications. We include fourteen excellent submissions on topics ranging from THz space instruments to improved metallic building blocks for machine learning transmission line circuit optimization. Of particular interest in this issue are our two review papers – one on power conversion circuitry for energy harvesting and the other on THz heterodyne spectroscopy instruments for Earth, planetary, and astrophysics applications. We also bring you two extremely nice papers from JPL, one on a compact CubeSat 557 GHz water line spectrometer, already being flown on a high altitude balloon platform, and another that implements a first-of-its-kind 240 GHz FMCW radar for cloud sensing and water vapor interactions, but from the ground – both potential precursors to satellite platforms. There is also a group of articles on radar methods, including ISAR imaging, high power (kW level) millimeter wave switches, cryogenic modulators with wireless data transfer to room temperature, improved linearity amplifiers, a very effective millimeter-wave Bessel beam launcher, and more. As usual, we summarize our metrics for the month, and as this is our last issue for 2025, we include a list of our 2024 and 2025 reviewers in a separate section at the end of our Table of Contents as well as our 2025 Index.
{"title":"Introduction to the November 2025 Issue","authors":"Peter H. Siegel","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3622349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3622349","url":null,"abstract":"This issue we are back to our more usual mix of experimental and analytic articles with a bit of extra focus on high frequency instruments and applications. We include fourteen excellent submissions on topics ranging from THz space instruments to improved metallic building blocks for machine learning transmission line circuit optimization. Of particular interest in this issue are our two review papers – one on power conversion circuitry for energy harvesting and the other on THz heterodyne spectroscopy instruments for Earth, planetary, and astrophysics applications. We also bring you two extremely nice papers from JPL, one on a compact CubeSat 557 GHz water line spectrometer, already being flown on a high altitude balloon platform, and another that implements a first-of-its-kind 240 GHz FMCW radar for cloud sensing and water vapor interactions, but from the ground – both potential precursors to satellite platforms. There is also a group of articles on radar methods, including ISAR imaging, high power (kW level) millimeter wave switches, cryogenic modulators with wireless data transfer to room temperature, improved linearity amplifiers, a very effective millimeter-wave Bessel beam launcher, and more. As usual, we summarize our metrics for the month, and as this is our last issue for 2025, we include a list of our 2024 and 2025 reviewers in a separate section at the end of our Table of Contents as well as our 2025 Index.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 6","pages":"1178-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11231172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145449375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-06DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3620050
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3620050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3620050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 6","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11231180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145449328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2025.3614209
Christopher Kniss;Abhishek Sharma;Ratanak Phon;Gregory Shimonov;Eran Socher;Pragya R. Shrestha;Karthick Ramu;Jason P. Campbell;Amin Pourvali Kakhki;Richard Al Hadi;Rod Kim
This work presents temperature-compensated cryogenic complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) modulators operating over a 10 K to 300 K temperature range, suitable for intra- and inter-thermal cryogenic communications. Conventional metal-based coax cables suffer from a fundamental trade-off between thermal load and frequency-dependent attenuation, where lower thermal load results in higher electromagnetic attenuation. The recent surge in cryogenic high-performance computing and quantum computing has driven the demand for scalable cryogenic interconnect solutions. New techniques in optical fibers and millimeter-wave backscatter transceivers have demonstrated the ability to transport digital data between thermally isolated temperatures without the need for coaxial cables. Our new modulator can integrate (at the package or chip level) with millimeter-wave transmitters co-located on the same thermal condition while supporting bandwidth-efficient modulations such as multi-level pulse amplitude modulations. Based on this motivation, we implemented a current-steering 2-bit modulator in a 65-nanometer (nm) bulk CMOS process. The modulator achieves a data rate of 13 gigabits per second (Gb/s) while consuming 15.4 mW under a 1.2 V supply at 10 K, resulting in an energy efficiency of 1.18 picojoules per bit (pJ/b). In addition to previously demonstrated optical fibers and millimeter-wave backscatter, we implemented a 150 GHz (GHz) transmitter utilizing the same current-steering modulator scheme in a 28-nm CMOS process. We established contactless connections between thermally isolated systems operating at 10 K and 300 K, achieving a data rate of 8 Gb/s.
{"title":"Temperature-Compensated Multi-Level CMOS Modulators Operating From 10 K to 300 K for Cryogenic Interconnects","authors":"Christopher Kniss;Abhishek Sharma;Ratanak Phon;Gregory Shimonov;Eran Socher;Pragya R. Shrestha;Karthick Ramu;Jason P. Campbell;Amin Pourvali Kakhki;Richard Al Hadi;Rod Kim","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2025.3614209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2025.3614209","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents temperature-compensated cryogenic complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) modulators operating over a 10 K to 300 K temperature range, suitable for intra- and inter-thermal cryogenic communications. Conventional metal-based coax cables suffer from a fundamental trade-off between thermal load and frequency-dependent attenuation, where lower thermal load results in higher electromagnetic attenuation. The recent surge in cryogenic high-performance computing and quantum computing has driven the demand for scalable cryogenic interconnect solutions. New techniques in optical fibers and millimeter-wave backscatter transceivers have demonstrated the ability to transport digital data between thermally isolated temperatures without the need for coaxial cables. Our new modulator can integrate (at the package or chip level) with millimeter-wave transmitters co-located on the same thermal condition while supporting bandwidth-efficient modulations such as multi-level pulse amplitude modulations. Based on this motivation, we implemented a current-steering 2-bit modulator in a 65-nanometer (nm) bulk CMOS process. The modulator achieves a data rate of 13 gigabits per second (Gb/s) while consuming 15.4 mW under a 1.2 V supply at 10 K, resulting in an energy efficiency of 1.18 picojoules per bit (pJ/b). In addition to previously demonstrated optical fibers and millimeter-wave backscatter, we implemented a 150 GHz (GHz) transmitter utilizing the same current-steering modulator scheme in a 28-nm CMOS process. We established contactless connections between thermally isolated systems operating at 10 K and 300 K, achieving a data rate of 8 Gb/s.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"5 6","pages":"1293-1307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11203912","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145449309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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