A low-cost electrically-switched focused beam charging system based on a reconfigurable phase-change cascaded feed network is introduced for wireless power transfer application. To realize the reconfigurable feed network, we theoretically decomposed the dynamic focusing phase distribution into two independent terms: a linear phase shift and a quadratic term. A focused aperture-coupled patch array antenna with static focused beam is fabricated to achieve the quadratic term. Different linear phase shifts are achieved by using designed electronic switching module to control the beam port status of Rotman lens, enabling to tilt the static focused beam in the desired direction. Based on full-wave simulation and near-field focusing measurement, we analyzed the dynamic focusing performance of generated focused beam with different beam ports excited at 5.758 GHz in detail. Besides, a LED lighting demo experiment for proposed system is carried out for visually displaying the generated dynamic focused beam. The simulation and experiment results indicate that the generated dynamic focused beam tilts as the excitation state of the beam port changes, and its focal spot can be also observed well on the focal plane. The architecture of proposed focused beam system eliminates the need for expensive phase shifters, resulting in a significant reduction in system costs.
本文介绍了一种基于可重构相变级联馈电网络的低成本电开关聚焦光束充电系统，用于无线功率传输应用。为实现可重构馈电网络，我们从理论上将动态聚焦相位分布分解为两个独立项：线性相移和二次项。为了实现二次项，我们制作了具有静态聚焦波束的聚焦孔径耦合贴片阵列天线。通过使用设计的电子开关模块来控制罗特曼透镜的波束端口状态，实现不同的线性相移，从而使静态聚焦波束向所需方向倾斜。基于全波仿真和近场聚焦测量，我们详细分析了在 5.758 GHz 频率下激发不同束口所产生的聚焦光束的动态聚焦性能。此外，为了直观地显示所产生的动态聚焦光束，我们还对所提出的系统进行了 LED 照明演示实验。模拟和实验结果表明，生成的动态聚焦光束会随着光束端口激励状态的变化而倾斜，其焦斑在焦平面上也能很好地观察到。拟议的聚焦光束系统结构无需使用昂贵的移相器，从而大大降低了系统成本。
{"title":"Realization of Electrically-Switched Dynamic Focused Beam Charging System With a Reconfigurable Phase-Change Cascaded Feed Network for Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"Wenyi Shao;Bo Yang;Shinichiro Horiuchi;Naoki Shinohara;Minoru Furukawa","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3412029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3412029","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost electrically-switched focused beam charging system based on a reconfigurable phase-change cascaded feed network is introduced for wireless power transfer application. To realize the reconfigurable feed network, we theoretically decomposed the dynamic focusing phase distribution into two independent terms: a linear phase shift and a quadratic term. A focused aperture-coupled patch array antenna with static focused beam is fabricated to achieve the quadratic term. Different linear phase shifts are achieved by using designed electronic switching module to control the beam port status of Rotman lens, enabling to tilt the static focused beam in the desired direction. Based on full-wave simulation and near-field focusing measurement, we analyzed the dynamic focusing performance of generated focused beam with different beam ports excited at 5.758 GHz in detail. Besides, a LED lighting demo experiment for proposed system is carried out for visually displaying the generated dynamic focused beam. The simulation and experiment results indicate that the generated dynamic focused beam tilts as the excitation state of the beam port changes, and its focal spot can be also observed well on the focal plane. The architecture of proposed focused beam system eliminates the need for expensive phase shifters, resulting in a significant reduction in system costs.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 3","pages":"348-359"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10559481","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141630988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radar networks offer the possibility to overcome the limitations of single sensors. However, without coherent signal processing, the full potential of radar networks cannot be exploited. Therefore, the synchronization of independent radar sensors is crucial in order to mitigate performance degradation due to frequency deviations of uncoupled reference oscillators. Systematically derived synchronization criteria for coupling-induced errors such as sampling frequency offset (SFO), carrier frequency offset (CFO) and symbol timing offset (STO) of uncoupled orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radar sensors enable to determine hardware specifications, such as the required reference oscillator frequency stability. This aids in the design of digital radar networks and ensures error-free signal processing in advance. The concept of deriving said criteria is applicable to other modulation types used for digital radar sensors. Additionally, signal processing-based error estimation and correction methods are presented. By exploiting standard radar images, namely range profiles and range-Doppler images, the proposed methods estimate and correct any occurring SFO, CFO and STO. Furthermore, by applying the signal processing synchronization methods, they allow for a more lenient radar network design. Measurements using a 77 GHz digital radar demonstrator verify the derived criteria and error estimation and correction methods.
{"title":"Uncoupled Digital Radars Creating a Coherent Sensor Network","authors":"Julian Aguilar;David Werbunat;Vinzenz Janoudi;Christina Bonfert;Christian Waldschmidt","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3405633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3405633","url":null,"abstract":"Radar networks offer the possibility to overcome the limitations of single sensors. However, without coherent signal processing, the full potential of radar networks cannot be exploited. Therefore, the synchronization of independent radar sensors is crucial in order to mitigate performance degradation due to frequency deviations of uncoupled reference oscillators. Systematically derived synchronization criteria for coupling-induced errors such as sampling frequency offset (SFO), carrier frequency offset (CFO) and symbol timing offset (STO) of uncoupled orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radar sensors enable to determine hardware specifications, such as the required reference oscillator frequency stability. This aids in the design of digital radar networks and ensures error-free signal processing in advance. The concept of deriving said criteria is applicable to other modulation types used for digital radar sensors. Additionally, signal processing-based error estimation and correction methods are presented. By exploiting standard radar images, namely range profiles and range-Doppler images, the proposed methods estimate and correct any occurring SFO, CFO and STO. Furthermore, by applying the signal processing synchronization methods, they allow for a more lenient radar network design. Measurements using a 77 GHz digital radar demonstrator verify the derived criteria and error estimation and correction methods.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 3","pages":"459-472"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10557779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141630912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3406919
TIM PFAHLER;ANDRE SCHEDER;ANNA BRIDIER;MATHIAS NAGEL;MARTIN VOSSIEK
This paper presents an ultra-broadband, low-loss, flexible liquid crystal polymer substrate-to-substrate interconnect with a bandwidth of more than 130 GHz. The transition discontinuity was minimized by maintaining both the reference impedance and the electromagnetic field conformity across the transition from alumina substrate to flip-chip foil. Therefore, more than 600 $mu$ m long flexible flip-chip interconnects can be realized for bridging millimeter-wave sub-modules and enabling ultra-broadband heterogeneous system design with a measured return loss of above 20 dB. Furthermore, the interconnect can realize ramp interconnections between monolithic microwave integrated circuits or substrates with different substrate heights due to the flexible foil substrate. Minimum parasitic radiation at the transition is realized through a closely spaced signal-to-ground connection. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed interconnect against lateral misalignment in the assembly is presented through simulation and measurement. An outstanding insertion loss of less than 0.3 dB per transition over a bandwidth of more than 130 GHz is shown.
{"title":"A Foil Flip-Chip Interconnect With an Ultra-Broadband Bandwidth of 130 GHz and Beyond for Heterogeneous High-End System Designs","authors":"TIM PFAHLER;ANDRE SCHEDER;ANNA BRIDIER;MATHIAS NAGEL;MARTIN VOSSIEK","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3406919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3406919","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an ultra-broadband, low-loss, flexible liquid crystal polymer substrate-to-substrate interconnect with a bandwidth of more than 130 GHz. The transition discontinuity was minimized by maintaining both the reference impedance and the electromagnetic field conformity across the transition from alumina substrate to flip-chip foil. Therefore, more than 600 \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m long flexible flip-chip interconnects can be realized for bridging millimeter-wave sub-modules and enabling ultra-broadband heterogeneous system design with a measured return loss of above 20 dB. Furthermore, the interconnect can realize ramp interconnections between monolithic microwave integrated circuits or substrates with different substrate heights due to the flexible foil substrate. Minimum parasitic radiation at the transition is realized through a closely spaced signal-to-ground connection. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed interconnect against lateral misalignment in the assembly is presented through simulation and measurement. An outstanding insertion loss of less than 0.3 dB per transition over a bandwidth of more than 130 GHz is shown.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 3","pages":"404-415"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10557560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3404832
Zeina Al Masri;Ahmad Jabri;Youssef Tawk;Joseph Costantine
This paper presents a groove gap waveguide structure designed to serve as a feeding network for dual circularly polarized antenna arrays in the millimeter wave spectrum (28-32 GHz). The proposed structure comprises four groove gap waveguide elements arranged in a cross-shaped configuration. A turnstile integrated into the middle position of the structure divides the incoming RF signal into these four waveguide elements. Four matching posts are incorporated at the end of the various groove gap waveguide elements to route each corresponding RF signal to four WR-28 waveguide sections. These four sections form the output ports of the feeding network. The appropriate design of the pin distributions along the four groove gap elements allows the entire feeding network to achieve a specific phase shift between the output ports. As a proof of concept, the proposed feeding network is connected to a dual circularly polarized antenna array composed of four sub-arrays. Two of these sub-arrays emit right-handed circularly polarized waves, while the other two are designed to provide left-handed circularly polarized waves. A prototype of the feeding network demonstrates its ability to produce the needed circularly polarized radiation for a given distribution of the pins along the various groove gap elements. The results show that the feeding network can achieve an insertion loss as low as 0.55 dB with a good impedance matching across the entire operational bandwidth. In addition, when the fabricated feeding network is connected to the dual-circularly polarized antenna prototype, a maximum realized gain of 15.14 dBic is obtained.
{"title":"A Groove Gap Waveguide Feeding Network for Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Arrays","authors":"Zeina Al Masri;Ahmad Jabri;Youssef Tawk;Joseph Costantine","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3404832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3404832","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a groove gap waveguide structure designed to serve as a feeding network for dual circularly polarized antenna arrays in the millimeter wave spectrum (28-32 GHz). The proposed structure comprises four groove gap waveguide elements arranged in a cross-shaped configuration. A turnstile integrated into the middle position of the structure divides the incoming RF signal into these four waveguide elements. Four matching posts are incorporated at the end of the various groove gap waveguide elements to route each corresponding RF signal to four WR-28 waveguide sections. These four sections form the output ports of the feeding network. The appropriate design of the pin distributions along the four groove gap elements allows the entire feeding network to achieve a specific phase shift between the output ports. As a proof of concept, the proposed feeding network is connected to a dual circularly polarized antenna array composed of four sub-arrays. Two of these sub-arrays emit right-handed circularly polarized waves, while the other two are designed to provide left-handed circularly polarized waves. A prototype of the feeding network demonstrates its ability to produce the needed circularly polarized radiation for a given distribution of the pins along the various groove gap elements. The results show that the feeding network can achieve an insertion loss as low as 0.55 dB with a good impedance matching across the entire operational bandwidth. In addition, when the fabricated feeding network is connected to the dual-circularly polarized antenna prototype, a maximum realized gain of 15.14 dBic is obtained.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 3","pages":"512-520"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10555289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3405018
João Louro;Luís C. Nunes;Filipe M. Barradas;Pedro M. Cabral;José C. Pedro
This work originates from the realization that, in a transformed impedance thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration, the sensitivity to random measurement errors is affected by impedance discrepancies between the impedance transformer and the device-under-test (DUT). Through a thorough exploration that includes theoretical analysis, simulations and TRL measurements, this study establishes that the accuracy of de-embedding operations on a transformed impedance medium is intricately tied to the difference between the Thevenin impedance seen from the DUT-side of the launcher and the DUT impedance. A noteworthy finding is that minimizing this difference enhances the resilience of the de-embedding process against random measurement errors, being advantageous for precision modeling techniques, and demonstrating the importance of considering those concepts when designing an access structure to a DUT.
{"title":"The Impact of a Taper Impedance Transformation on the TRL De-Embedding Error","authors":"João Louro;Luís C. Nunes;Filipe M. Barradas;Pedro M. Cabral;José C. Pedro","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3405018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3405018","url":null,"abstract":"This work originates from the realization that, in a transformed impedance thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration, the sensitivity to random measurement errors is affected by impedance discrepancies between the impedance transformer and the device-under-test (DUT). Through a thorough exploration that includes theoretical analysis, simulations and TRL measurements, this study establishes that the accuracy of de-embedding operations on a transformed impedance medium is intricately tied to the difference between the Thevenin impedance seen from the DUT-side of the launcher and the DUT impedance. A noteworthy finding is that minimizing this difference enhances the resilience of the de-embedding process against random measurement errors, being advantageous for precision modeling techniques, and demonstrating the importance of considering those concepts when designing an access structure to a DUT.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 3","pages":"389-403"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10547231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141630959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3385047
Gines Garcia-Contreras;Juan Córcoles;Jorge A. Ruiz-Cruz;Matteo Oldoni;Lorenzo Codecasa;Gian Guido Gentili
In this paper we introduce the use of several different Infinite Mapping Layers to model open boundaries in the 2-D Finite Element Method for the computation of transmission line parameters. The transformation maps a semi-infinite interval to a finite interval, thereby providing a simple and accurate description of open boundaries while keeping the size of the computational domain very compact. The method has been evaluated and tested on a variety of common transmission line geometries appearing in the literature and its accuracy is validated by comparing the results with canonical cases having closed expressions and with arbitrary geometries computed with commercial software tools. Various geometrical transformations have been developed and tested, and their performances evaluated in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the possibility of using a radial Infinite Mapping Layer has also been considered.
{"title":"Modeling Transmission Lines With Open Boundaries via Infinite Mapping Layer","authors":"Gines Garcia-Contreras;Juan Córcoles;Jorge A. Ruiz-Cruz;Matteo Oldoni;Lorenzo Codecasa;Gian Guido Gentili","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3385047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3385047","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce the use of several different Infinite Mapping Layers to model open boundaries in the 2-D Finite Element Method for the computation of transmission line parameters. The transformation maps a semi-infinite interval to a finite interval, thereby providing a simple and accurate description of open boundaries while keeping the size of the computational domain very compact. The method has been evaluated and tested on a variety of common transmission line geometries appearing in the literature and its accuracy is validated by comparing the results with canonical cases having closed expressions and with arbitrary geometries computed with commercial software tools. Various geometrical transformations have been developed and tested, and their performances evaluated in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the possibility of using a radial Infinite Mapping Layer has also been considered.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 3","pages":"558-567"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10507887","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141631083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we examine the methodology for numerically computing the dispersion diagram of three-dimensional periodic structures using commercial electromagnetic simulators. Examples of periodic structures based on body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and monoclinic lattices are used to illustrate this methodology. We first outline the characteristics of these structures in both physical and reciprocal spaces from a theoretical point of view. On this basis, we provide a comprehensive explanation of how to adjust the setting in simulation software commonly used in microwave engineering to generate the dispersion diagrams of these structures. The appropriate simulation conditions are tabulated to serve as a further guide for other researchers. This study also explores the influence of the elements of the unit cell on the dispersion characteristics. Additionally, we evaluate and contrast the dispersion properties of identical periodic elements when having simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic arrangements. We found that symmetries, such as those seen in body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic arrangements, can improve the isotropy and maintain low-dispersion characteristics over a wider frequency range. The monoclinic structure is also taken as an example to demonstrate that the reported analysis method can be applied to the dispersion analysis of other more complex noncubic lattices. Our findings offer useful information for the examination and engineering of three-dimensional periodic structures, which can be used to design microwave and antenna devices.
{"title":"Simulation Conditions to Compute the Dispersion Diagram of 3D Periodic Structures","authors":"Hairu Wang;Oskar Zetterstrom;Pilar Castillo-Tapia;Francisco Mesa;Oscar Quevedo-Teruel","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3384418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3384418","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we examine the methodology for numerically computing the dispersion diagram of three-dimensional periodic structures using commercial electromagnetic simulators. Examples of periodic structures based on body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, and monoclinic lattices are used to illustrate this methodology. We first outline the characteristics of these structures in both physical and reciprocal spaces from a theoretical point of view. On this basis, we provide a comprehensive explanation of how to adjust the setting in simulation software commonly used in microwave engineering to generate the dispersion diagrams of these structures. The appropriate simulation conditions are tabulated to serve as a further guide for other researchers. This study also explores the influence of the elements of the unit cell on the dispersion characteristics. Additionally, we evaluate and contrast the dispersion properties of identical periodic elements when having simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic arrangements. We found that symmetries, such as those seen in body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic arrangements, can improve the isotropy and maintain low-dispersion characteristics over a wider frequency range. The monoclinic structure is also taken as an example to demonstrate that the reported analysis method can be applied to the dispersion analysis of other more complex noncubic lattices. Our findings offer useful information for the examination and engineering of three-dimensional periodic structures, which can be used to design microwave and antenna devices.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 3","pages":"568-580"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10506402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141630999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3381986
Xin You;Panagiotis Kosmas
Reconfigurable metasurfaces (RMTSs) are in high demand for advanced applications in 5G wireless communications thanks to their intriguing ability to control the electromagnetic (EM) response dynamically. However, most efforts so far have focused on modulating only either the EM wavefront amplitude or frequency. The key issue limiting the development of current RMTSs is their burdensome optimization process. Given this gap, this paper proposes an accurate equivalent circuit model (ECM) for the scattering of a novel RMTS with independent control of amplitude and phase (AP-RMTS) by applying the Floquet modal expansion method. Based on the accurate ECM, we can easily design the EM response of the proposed AP-RMTS at different operating frequencies. This flexibility allows the proposed design to be readily applicable to fit different scenarios in 5G wireless communications.
{"title":"Equivalent Circuit Modeling of a Novel Reconfigurable Metasurface With Independent Control of Amplitude and Phase Based on Floquet Modal Expansion","authors":"Xin You;Panagiotis Kosmas","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3381986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3381986","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable metasurfaces (RMTSs) are in high demand for advanced applications in 5G wireless communications thanks to their intriguing ability to control the electromagnetic (EM) response dynamically. However, most efforts so far have focused on modulating only either the EM wavefront amplitude or frequency. The key issue limiting the development of current RMTSs is their burdensome optimization process. Given this gap, this paper proposes an accurate equivalent circuit model (ECM) for the scattering of a novel RMTS with independent control of amplitude and phase (AP-RMTS) by applying the Floquet modal expansion method. Based on the accurate ECM, we can easily design the EM response of the proposed AP-RMTS at different operating frequencies. This flexibility allows the proposed design to be readily applicable to fit different scenarios in 5G wireless communications.","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 3","pages":"428-439"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10496170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141630987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3371617
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3371617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3371617","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 2","pages":"C4-C4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10490290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1109/JMW.2024.3371615
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Microwaves Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JMW.2024.3371615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JMW.2024.3371615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93296,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of microwaves","volume":"4 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10490295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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