Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510277
Elino Meccar Moniem H, Pecaoco Michael John P, Roa Kathryn U, Orcasitas Jessie F
Background: Various diagnostic tests across COVID-19 literatures were employed as surrogate markers in COVID-19, wherein interleukin-6 (IL-6) - gauge for cytokine storm or impending severity - is not readily available. Objectives: This study determined the clinical high levels of CRP (> 1.85 mg/dL), LDH (> 644.85 U/L), and ferritin (> 621.4 ng/mL) have high predilection to become severe or O2-requiring in the course of infection. Utmost caution and monitoring at the onset are warranted.
{"title":"Inflammatory Markers and Hematologic Indices in the Prediction of Severity of COVID-19: A Single Center Study in Southern Philippines","authors":"Elino Meccar Moniem H, Pecaoco Michael John P, Roa Kathryn U, Orcasitas Jessie F","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510277","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Various diagnostic tests across COVID-19 literatures were employed as surrogate markers in COVID-19, wherein interleukin-6 (IL-6) - gauge for cytokine storm or impending severity - is not readily available. Objectives: This study determined the clinical high levels of CRP (> 1.85 mg/dL), LDH (> 644.85 U/L), and ferritin (> 621.4 ng/mL) have high predilection to become severe or O2-requiring in the course of infection. Utmost caution and monitoring at the onset are warranted.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68753970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510278
Obi Andrew Ifeanyichukwu, Nwankaegho Evans, Ehinze Ewere Scholastica, Obadia Victoria, Tobin Ekaete, Okoli Ijeoma, Enato Izehiuwa Gertrude, Osa Bruce, Obi Regina Uwaoma
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly and adversely impacted various aspects of our societies from health systems, tourism, education, economic growth, social interactions and even individual life. In addition to the various non-pharmacological interventions put in place globally, a safe and efficacious vaccine was one of the most promising strategies to curtail the virus, save lives and quickly end the public health crisis. This study assessed the willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine among undergraduate students in Southern Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among five hundred and forty undergraduate students in Benin City, Edo state in Nigeria. Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaires. Five hundred and forty respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique with statistical significance set at p ˂ 0.050 and 95% Confidence Interval. Data was collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Quantitative variables were expressed as frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation and the main outcome variable in relation to willingness to accept COVID-19 Vaccine was classified as willing and not willing respectively. Results: A total of 540 undergraduate students participated in the study with a mean age ± SD (21.34 ± 2.73) years. More than half 276 (51.1%) of the respondents were not willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Faculty (OR = 2.359 CI = 1.131-4.918, p = 0.022.) and attitude towards COVID-19 Prevention (OR = 10.178; CI = 6.432-16.101. p = 0.001) of accept COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Less than half of the respondents were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Health education interventions targeting undergraduate students should be intensified to help improve their knowledge and positive behavioural change towards acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine.
{"title":"Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine and Associated Factors among University Undergraduates in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Obi Andrew Ifeanyichukwu, Nwankaegho Evans, Ehinze Ewere Scholastica, Obadia Victoria, Tobin Ekaete, Okoli Ijeoma, Enato Izehiuwa Gertrude, Osa Bruce, Obi Regina Uwaoma","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510278","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly and adversely impacted various aspects of our societies from health systems, tourism, education, economic growth, social interactions and even individual life. In addition to the various non-pharmacological interventions put in place globally, a safe and efficacious vaccine was one of the most promising strategies to curtail the virus, save lives and quickly end the public health crisis. This study assessed the willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine among undergraduate students in Southern Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among five hundred and forty undergraduate students in Benin City, Edo state in Nigeria. Data was collected using self-administered structured questionnaires. Five hundred and forty respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique with statistical significance set at p ˂ 0.050 and 95% Confidence Interval. Data was collected and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Quantitative variables were expressed as frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation and the main outcome variable in relation to willingness to accept COVID-19 Vaccine was classified as willing and not willing respectively. Results: A total of 540 undergraduate students participated in the study with a mean age ± SD (21.34 ± 2.73) years. More than half 276 (51.1%) of the respondents were not willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Faculty (OR = 2.359 CI = 1.131-4.918, p = 0.022.) and attitude towards COVID-19 Prevention (OR = 10.178; CI = 6.432-16.101. p = 0.001) of accept COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Less than half of the respondents were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Health education interventions targeting undergraduate students should be intensified to help improve their knowledge and positive behavioural change towards acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45872968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510279
Simonenko Ia, N. R., Afolabi Oj
The emergence of the novel Corona virus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan city, China, in December, 2019 ushered in changes in the state of events globally. The pandemic has shaken the global health system and economy to their bases. The epidemic of Covid-19 is still ongoing and showing no signs of decreasing trend. An intriguing fact is that in every decade of the 21 st century, there is a new major corona virus epidemic; severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) IN 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) IN 2012 and now Covid-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorised Nigeria as one of the thirteen (13) African Countries vulnerable and at
{"title":"Corona Virus (COVID-19) Vaccine: Challenges and Prospects in Nigeria: A Review","authors":"Simonenko Ia, N. R., Afolabi Oj","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510279","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of the novel Corona virus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan city, China, in December, 2019 ushered in changes in the state of events globally. The pandemic has shaken the global health system and economy to their bases. The epidemic of Covid-19 is still ongoing and showing no signs of decreasing trend. An intriguing fact is that in every decade of the 21 st century, there is a new major corona virus epidemic; severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) IN 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) IN 2012 and now Covid-19. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorised Nigeria as one of the thirteen (13) African Countries vulnerable and at","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47396415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases journal and its indexation in Russian Science Citation Index","authors":"Y. Philippov","doi":"10.17816/eid110903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid110903","url":null,"abstract":"in construction","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72916489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In patients hospitalized with coronavirus infection (COVID-19), methods for predicting the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory therapy have important practical implications for optimizing treatment and outcomes. To date, a number of indicators of COVID-19 patients (age, comorbidities, laboratory criteria for the intensity of inflammation) have been identified that indicate a high probability of a severe course and a risk of an adverse outcome. However, the problem of predicting the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19 is not well understood. Aims: to develop a predictive model to determine the effectiveness/failure of glucocorticosteroid (GCS) monotherapy in patients with moderate COVID-19. Methods. Retrospective analysis of electronic medical record data of all patients admitted consecutively from October 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021. The study included 71 patients with a probable (clinically confirmed) and confirmed (laboratory) case of COVID-19 of moderate course, with characteristic changes in the lungs according to computed tomography of the chest organs (CT-CCT). Given the severity of the course, all patients in this sample were prescribed GCS in accordance with the current version of the Interim Guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Results. A total of 71 patients were studied, 53 (74.7%) of them did not require an escalation of anti-inflammatory therapy, which was regarded as an effective use of corticosteroids in the form of monotherapy (group 1). In the remaining 18 patients, the use of corticosteroids for an average of 5.5 (from 3 to 6) days did not have a definite clinical effect and required the additional use of monoclonal antibodies (MCA) to interleukin-6 (IL-6) or to its receptor (group 2). Using logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis, a mathematical model was developed and evaluated to predict the outcome of anti-inflammatory corticosteroid therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19. As risk factors, indicators were selected that had significant differences in the studied groups before the appointment of GCS: the number of lymphocytes, platelets and body temperature.The quality of the constructed model is assessed as very good, the optimal cutoff point is 0.697. The sensitivity index of the model is 81.1%, the specificity index is 72.2%. Conclusions. The mathematical model makes it possible to predict the effectiveness of GCS therapy according to the number of lymphocytes, platelets and body temperature. The mathematical model is adequate, has a high sensitivity and specificity.
{"title":"A method for predicting the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19 based on simple clinical and laboratory data","authors":"D. Efremov, V. Beloborodov","doi":"10.17816/eid109612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid109612","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In patients hospitalized with coronavirus infection (COVID-19), methods for predicting the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory therapy have important practical implications for optimizing treatment and outcomes. To date, a number of indicators of COVID-19 patients (age, comorbidities, laboratory criteria for the intensity of inflammation) have been identified that indicate a high probability of a severe course and a risk of an adverse outcome. However, the problem of predicting the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19 is not well understood. \u0000Aims: to develop a predictive model to determine the effectiveness/failure of glucocorticosteroid (GCS) monotherapy in patients with moderate COVID-19. \u0000Methods. Retrospective analysis of electronic medical record data of all patients admitted consecutively from October 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021. The study included 71 patients with a probable (clinically confirmed) and confirmed (laboratory) case of COVID-19 of moderate course, with characteristic changes in the lungs according to computed tomography of the chest organs (CT-CCT). Given the severity of the course, all patients in this sample were prescribed GCS in accordance with the current version of the Interim Guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. \u0000Results. A total of 71 patients were studied, 53 (74.7%) of them did not require an escalation of anti-inflammatory therapy, which was regarded as an effective use of corticosteroids in the form of monotherapy (group 1). In the remaining 18 patients, the use of corticosteroids for an average of 5.5 (from 3 to 6) days did not have a definite clinical effect and required the additional use of monoclonal antibodies (MCA) to interleukin-6 (IL-6) or to its receptor (group 2). Using logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis, a mathematical model was developed and evaluated to predict the outcome of anti-inflammatory corticosteroid therapy in patients with moderate COVID-19. As risk factors, indicators were selected that had significant differences in the studied groups before the appointment of GCS: the number of lymphocytes, platelets and body temperature.The quality of the constructed model is assessed as very good, the optimal cutoff point is 0.697. The sensitivity index of the model is 81.1%, the specificity index is 72.2%. \u0000Conclusions. The mathematical model makes it possible to predict the effectiveness of GCS therapy according to the number of lymphocytes, platelets and body temperature. The mathematical model is adequate, has a high sensitivity and specificity.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90828716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the review of vaccines against new coronavirus infection in the world and Russia. Vaccination is an affordable and cost-effective way to reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The importance of vaccination is beyond doubt and is a method of creating active artificial immunity based on the formed immunological memory to an infectious agent. Conventionally, vaccines can be divided into two groups: classical (recombinant, peptide and virusinactivated), and gene vaccines (vector and mRNA vaccines). Classical vaccines are based on the introduction of ready-made antigens into the body, which can be purified viral proteins, fragments of viral proteins (peptides) or whole inactivated (killed) viral particles. Inactivated whole-virion vaccines contain a weakened or inactivated virus that promotes the development of antiviral immunity. Subunit vaccines contain only surface antigens (specific fragments subunits), which reduces the amount of protein in the vaccine and thereby reduces its allergenicity. Vector vaccines use safe viruses that are unable to reproduce in the human body (vectors), in which a gene is embedded a small section of the coronavirus genome. Vector vaccines effectively cause a cellular and humoral immune response, since the vector, entering the cell, is perceived by the body as a viral infection. Gene vaccines differ significantly from classical ones and produce an immune response at the gene level, since they contain not the virus or protein itself, but the genetic material of the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus. An RNA-based vaccine delivers a specific set of instructions to the body's cells for the synthesis of a specific protein, to which the body's immune system must give an immune response. At the present stage, the tasks of vaccination are complicated by such factors of the epidemiological process as the emergence of new highly pathogenic strains of coronavirus.
{"title":"Vaccines against new coronavirus infection in Russia and the world","authors":"Filippova A N","doi":"10.17816/eid106032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid106032","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the review of vaccines against new coronavirus infection in the world and Russia. Vaccination is an affordable and cost-effective way to reduce morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. The importance of vaccination is beyond doubt and is a method of creating active artificial immunity based on the formed immunological memory to an infectious agent. Conventionally, vaccines can be divided into two groups: classical (recombinant, peptide and virusinactivated), and gene vaccines (vector and mRNA vaccines). Classical vaccines are based on the introduction of ready-made antigens into the body, which can be purified viral proteins, fragments of viral proteins (peptides) or whole inactivated (killed) viral particles. Inactivated whole-virion vaccines contain a weakened or inactivated virus that promotes the development of antiviral immunity. Subunit vaccines contain only surface antigens (specific fragments subunits), which reduces the amount of protein in the vaccine and thereby reduces its allergenicity. Vector vaccines use safe viruses that are unable to reproduce in the human body (vectors), in which a gene is embedded a small section of the coronavirus genome. Vector vaccines effectively cause a cellular and humoral immune response, since the vector, entering the cell, is perceived by the body as a viral infection. Gene vaccines differ significantly from classical ones and produce an immune response at the gene level, since they contain not the virus or protein itself, but the genetic material of the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus. An RNA-based vaccine delivers a specific set of instructions to the body's cells for the synthesis of a specific protein, to which the body's immune system must give an immune response. At the present stage, the tasks of vaccination are complicated by such factors of the epidemiological process as the emergence of new highly pathogenic strains of coronavirus.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89123910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to describe the etiological structure of infectious complications and microbial colonization in patients of the COVID-19 Hospital on the basis of a multidisciplinary federal medical institution. Materials and methods: Clinical samples (blood, lower respiratory tract discharge, urine, other biological materials) of patients with COVID-19 who were treated in the COVID-19 Hospital on the basis of a multidisciplinary federal medical institution were obtained and processed. Results: The bacteriological laboratory received 1821 samples of biomaterial from 452 patients, microorganisms were isolated from 620 (38.0%) samples. Most of the biomaterial is represented by blood - 35.9% and 31.7% of the lower respiratory tract separable. The structure of microorganisms was dominated by C. albicans - 19.7%, S. aureus - 10.2%, K. pneumoniae - 10.1%, E. faecalis - 7.9%. In the initial period of operation of the Hospital, the most frequently sown microorganisms were S. aureus and H. influenzae - 19.7% and 7.9%, respectively, in the final period there was a change in the spectrum of microorganisms to nosocomial ESKAPE pathogens with multidrug resistance (MDR), the structure was dominated by A. baumannii - 24.3%. The consumption of antibiotics in the hospital increased from 18.3 DDD/100 patient days in 2019 to 28.8 DDD/100 patient days in 2020. Conclusion: Significant colonization of various loci of patients with COVID-19 fungi of the genus Candida was revealed. There was a change in the microbial spectrum of infectious agents from community-acquired (H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae) to nosocomial ESKAPE pathogens with MDR. The consumption of antibiotics has significantly increased.
{"title":"Etiological structure of infectious complications and microbial colonization in patients of COVID-19 hospital of a multidisciplinary federal medical institution // Epidemiology and infectious diseases.","authors":"Tatiana Suranova","doi":"10.17816/eid109205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid109205","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to describe the etiological structure of infectious complications and microbial colonization in patients of the COVID-19 Hospital on the basis of a multidisciplinary federal medical institution. Materials and methods: Clinical samples (blood, lower respiratory tract discharge, urine, other biological materials) of patients with COVID-19 who were treated in the COVID-19 Hospital on the basis of a multidisciplinary federal medical institution were obtained and processed. Results: The bacteriological laboratory received 1821 samples of biomaterial from 452 patients, microorganisms were isolated from 620 (38.0%) samples. Most of the biomaterial is represented by blood - 35.9% and 31.7% of the lower respiratory tract separable. The structure of microorganisms was dominated by C. albicans - 19.7%, S. aureus - 10.2%, K. pneumoniae - 10.1%, E. faecalis - 7.9%. In the initial period of operation of the Hospital, the most frequently sown microorganisms were S. aureus and H. influenzae - 19.7% and 7.9%, respectively, in the final period there was a change in the spectrum of microorganisms to nosocomial ESKAPE pathogens with multidrug resistance (MDR), the structure was dominated by A. baumannii - 24.3%. The consumption of antibiotics in the hospital increased from 18.3 DDD/100 patient days in 2019 to 28.8 DDD/100 patient days in 2020. Conclusion: Significant colonization of various loci of patients with COVID-19 fungi of the genus Candida was revealed. There was a change in the microbial spectrum of infectious agents from community-acquired (H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae) to nosocomial ESKAPE pathogens with MDR. The consumption of antibiotics has significantly increased.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86938226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Bryukhanova, V. Gorodin, D. V. Nosikov, I. Shestakova, A. V. Nezhurin
The purpose of the study: to develop an emergent approach to the strategy of anti-epidemic preparedness of healthcare organizations, commensurate with existing and projected epidemiological challenges. Materials and methods. The work uses a comprehensive epidemiological research method with the analysis of materials from the World Health Organization, the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, etc. Results. Proposals have been developed to improve preparedness to respond to epidemiological emergencies of medical organizations (taking into account the facts of deconstruction of the international biosafety system). Conclusion. The modern epidemiological reality is formed by three manifest processes and situations: the dominant COVID-19 pandemic, local outbreaks (sporadic cases) of ubiquitous and evolving infections, as well as new epidemiological risks of anthropogenic genesis, deconstruction of the international system of biological safety and preparedness for measures to respond to biological threats. In these conditions, an emergent approach to the formation of a strategy for anti-epidemic provision of the population in the segment of providing him with therapeutic and preventive care is relevant, the key link of which should be a federal specialized scientific and practical medical center with an educational and training module, providing training for various groups of medical and non-medical specialist. An important direction of the emergent approach is the study of new characteristics of the ecosystems of the epidemic process. The concept of research is proposed as a two-level system that includes the improvement of clinical care and operational analysis of changes in the clinical course and epidemiology of infectious diseases, as well as analyzing the effectiveness and sufficiency of anti-epidemic measures. Keywords: infectious diseases, epidemiology, emergence, prevention.
{"title":"EMERGENCY APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PREPAREDNESS STRATEGY OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE NEW EPIDEMIOLOGICAL REALITY","authors":"G. Bryukhanova, V. Gorodin, D. V. Nosikov, I. Shestakova, A. V. Nezhurin","doi":"10.17816/eid108277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid108277","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study: to develop an emergent approach to the strategy of anti-epidemic preparedness of healthcare organizations, commensurate with existing and projected epidemiological challenges. \u0000Materials and methods. The work uses a comprehensive epidemiological research method with the analysis of materials from the World Health Organization, the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, etc. \u0000Results. Proposals have been developed to improve preparedness to respond to epidemiological emergencies of medical organizations (taking into account the facts of deconstruction of the international biosafety system). \u0000Conclusion. The modern epidemiological reality is formed by three manifest processes and situations: the dominant COVID-19 pandemic, local outbreaks (sporadic cases) of ubiquitous and evolving infections, as well as new epidemiological risks of anthropogenic genesis, deconstruction of the international system of biological safety and preparedness for measures to respond to biological threats. In these conditions, an emergent approach to the formation of a strategy for anti-epidemic provision of the population in the segment of providing him with therapeutic and preventive care is relevant, the key link of which should be a federal specialized scientific and practical medical center with an educational and training module, providing training for various groups of medical and non-medical specialist. An important direction of the emergent approach is the study of new characteristics of the ecosystems of the epidemic process. The concept of research is proposed as a two-level system that includes the improvement of clinical care and operational analysis of changes in the clinical course and epidemiology of infectious diseases, as well as analyzing the effectiveness and sufficiency of anti-epidemic measures. \u0000Keywords: infectious diseases, epidemiology, emergence, prevention.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72796588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. V. Titova, E. Menshikova, Sergei Olegovich Vodop'yanov, I. P. Oleynikov, T. N. Borodina
Introduction Vibrio cholerae can exist in planktonic and biofilm forms. There are no unified methods for recording the formation of a biofilm and the quantitative determination of microorganisms; the known methods [3-6] are laborious and do not allow an objective assessment of the concentration of V. cholerae in biofilms.Aims - to evaluate the method for the quantitative determination of Vibrio cholerae in biofilm and planktonic forms based on real-time PCR.Materials and methods The concentration of Vibrio сholerae in plankton was determined by the bacteriological method by the number of colony-forming units per 1 ml; in biofilms, the method of imprint depletion on agar plates was used. Real-time PCR was performed using the primers and probes described in the literature for the detection of the hlyA and ctx genes. Vibrio cholerae were quantified using built-in software and standard preparations with a known concentration of bacterial cells. The results were processed in Microsoft Office Excel 2016 spreadsheets using the decimal logarithm; statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA 13.3 program.Results During the observation period, the concentration of V. cholerae in biofilms on chitin and plastic increases as the incubation period increases. The amount of V. cholerae in the composition of biofilms and plankton on/above chitin exceeded those when used as a plastic substrate. On the 30th day, the difference was two or more orders of magnitude. The results of the two methods were reproducible and comparable; at the same stages, the concentration of V. cholerae varied within the same order of magnitude, which indicated the reliability of the PCRRT results.Conclusion The bacteriological method is informative in the qualitative assessment of biofilms, in determining the viability of cholera vibrios. However, due to its complexity, the impossibility of quickly determining the concentration of V. cholerae in a biofilm on chitin, it is preferable to use real-time PCR, which allows you to assess the concentration of V. cholerae in plankton and biofilm accurately and quickly.
{"title":"QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE CELLS IN BIOFILMS BY RT-PCR","authors":"S. V. Titova, E. Menshikova, Sergei Olegovich Vodop'yanov, I. P. Oleynikov, T. N. Borodina","doi":"10.17816/eid109894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid109894","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Vibrio cholerae can exist in planktonic and biofilm forms. There are no unified methods for recording the formation of a biofilm and the quantitative determination of microorganisms; the known methods [3-6] are laborious and do not allow an objective assessment of the concentration of V. cholerae in biofilms.Aims - to evaluate the method for the quantitative determination of Vibrio cholerae in biofilm and planktonic forms based on real-time PCR.Materials and methods The concentration of Vibrio сholerae in plankton was determined by the bacteriological method by the number of colony-forming units per 1 ml; in biofilms, the method of imprint depletion on agar plates was used. Real-time PCR was performed using the primers and probes described in the literature for the detection of the hlyA and ctx genes. Vibrio cholerae were quantified using built-in software and standard preparations with a known concentration of bacterial cells. The results were processed in Microsoft Office Excel 2016 spreadsheets using the decimal logarithm; statistical analysis was performed using the STATISTICA 13.3 program.Results During the observation period, the concentration of V. cholerae in biofilms on chitin and plastic increases as the incubation period increases. The amount of V. cholerae in the composition of biofilms and plankton on/above chitin exceeded those when used as a plastic substrate. On the 30th day, the difference was two or more orders of magnitude. The results of the two methods were reproducible and comparable; at the same stages, the concentration of V. cholerae varied within the same order of magnitude, which indicated the reliability of the PCRRT results.Conclusion The bacteriological method is informative in the qualitative assessment of biofilms, in determining the viability of cholera vibrios. However, due to its complexity, the impossibility of quickly determining the concentration of V. cholerae in a biofilm on chitin, it is preferable to use real-time PCR, which allows you to assess the concentration of V. cholerae in plankton and biofilm accurately and quickly.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90681702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Avdeeva, S. V. Zotov, M. I. Kulbuzheva, D. Moshkova, Yelena V. Zhuravleva
The aim of the study was to determine the predisposing factors for the development of fungal complications in the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 based on the analysis of the frequency of isolation of fungal cultures and the characteristics of patients with these complications.Methods. The results of a bacteriological study of 1284 cultures from sputum samples of patients with COVID-19 were considered. The study included 404 cultures of various types of fungi. Analysis of the clinical picture was carried out in 70 patients with fungal complications: Candida ssp. (64 patients) and fungi (Aspergillus ssp. and Mucor ssp - 5 patients). The outcome of the disease: favorable - 66, lethal - 4.Results. During the two years of the pandemic, the proportion of fungal cultures increased from 26.9% in 2020 to 34.2% in 2021, while maintaining sensitivity to amphotericin and fluconazole. In 2021, there was a negative growth trend in the sputum of molds of the species Aspergillus spp (5 cultures) and Mucor spp (1 culture).Typical fungal complications of COVID-19 were: oropharyngeal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans (71%), urinary tract candidiasis (20%), lung damage of mixed viral-fungal etiology (34%). Only fungal flora was isolated in 57.1% of cases, various combinations of fungal and bacterial flora - in 42.9%. Risk factors for the development of localized forms of fungal complications are the age of patients older than 50 years, overweight, hypertension, uncontrolled use of antibiotics and glucocorticosteroids at the prehospital stage. Localized mycoses are recorded in both severe and moderate COVID-19. An additional factor in their development is immunosuppressive therapy of the underlying disease. The most formidable complication of the course of COVID-19, worsening the prognosis of survival, is the addition of fungi with invasive growth - Aspergillus spp., Mucor, as well as the development of fungal-bacterial associations with damage to the lung tissue.Conclusion. In the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the use of immunomodulatory agents, including the combined use of corticosteroids and targeted immunosuppressive drugs, it is important to develop a risk-based approach in diagnosis and treatment for patients at risk of generalized and invasive mycoses.
{"title":"FUNGAL COMPLICATIONS WITH THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19","authors":"M. Avdeeva, S. V. Zotov, M. I. Kulbuzheva, D. Moshkova, Yelena V. Zhuravleva","doi":"10.17816/eid108872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid108872","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the predisposing factors for the development of fungal complications in the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 based on the analysis of the frequency of isolation of fungal cultures and the characteristics of patients with these complications.Methods. The results of a bacteriological study of 1284 cultures from sputum samples of patients with COVID-19 were considered. The study included 404 cultures of various types of fungi. Analysis of the clinical picture was carried out in 70 patients with fungal complications: Candida ssp. (64 patients) and fungi (Aspergillus ssp. and Mucor ssp - 5 patients). The outcome of the disease: favorable - 66, lethal - 4.Results. During the two years of the pandemic, the proportion of fungal cultures increased from 26.9% in 2020 to 34.2% in 2021, while maintaining sensitivity to amphotericin and fluconazole. In 2021, there was a negative growth trend in the sputum of molds of the species Aspergillus spp (5 cultures) and Mucor spp (1 culture).Typical fungal complications of COVID-19 were: oropharyngeal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans (71%), urinary tract candidiasis (20%), lung damage of mixed viral-fungal etiology (34%). Only fungal flora was isolated in 57.1% of cases, various combinations of fungal and bacterial flora - in 42.9%. Risk factors for the development of localized forms of fungal complications are the age of patients older than 50 years, overweight, hypertension, uncontrolled use of antibiotics and glucocorticosteroids at the prehospital stage. Localized mycoses are recorded in both severe and moderate COVID-19. An additional factor in their development is immunosuppressive therapy of the underlying disease. The most formidable complication of the course of COVID-19, worsening the prognosis of survival, is the addition of fungi with invasive growth - Aspergillus spp., Mucor, as well as the development of fungal-bacterial associations with damage to the lung tissue.Conclusion. In the context of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the use of immunomodulatory agents, including the combined use of corticosteroids and targeted immunosuppressive drugs, it is important to develop a risk-based approach in diagnosis and treatment for patients at risk of generalized and invasive mycoses.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76368179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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