O. Chemisova, M. V. Poleeva, S. Vodopyanov, A. S. Vodopyanov, A. L. Trukhachev, R. V. Pisanov, V. D. Kruglikov, Alexey K. Noskov
The aim of the study was to develop, conduct clinical trials and evaluate the performance of the "Reagent kit for identification of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus by multilocus allele-specific PCR" ("Vibrio-screen FL") for the state registration of the specified medical device. Materials and methods. The results of clinical trials of the reagent kit "Vibrio-screen FL" that has been developed to optimize the means and methods of identification and differentiation of pathogens of particularly dangerous infections are presented in the article. Clinical trials were conducted at the Head Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology of the FMBA of Russia (license from 02.12.2013 No. ФС-99-01- 008342; permission of the Ministry of Health from 16.05.2013 No. 300n) in accordance with the program of clinical trials No. 20.ПМКИ-042/10.20 from 23.09.2020 (Clinical Trial Certificate No. 01.AK-042/10.20 dated 12.10.2020). To conduct clinical trials clinical strains of microorganisms Vibrio spp. and other microorganism species were used as target analytes. Research methods included bacteriological method and multilocus PCR . Results. The reagent kit "Vibrio-screen FL" is a medical device for professional use in clinical laboratory diagnostics. The analytical sensitivity of the reagent kit "Vibrio-screen FL" was at least 106 copies of the SecY gene when determining belonging to the genus Vibrio; to the species V. cholerae at least 106 copies of the hlyA gene; and to the species V. parahaemolyticus at least 106 copies of the vppC gene. When determining the analytical specificity, there were no non-specific reactions with DNA samples of other microorganism species. A medical device for in vitro diagnostics the reagent kit Vibrio-screen FL meets the requirements of the intended use, which allows it to be used for the differentiation of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from a cultured clinical samples by the method of multilocus allele-specific polymerase chain reaction with hybridization-fluorescent detection. The registration certificate № РЗН 2021/13360 from 08.02.2021 was received. By order of Roszdravnadzordated 08.02.2021 No. 1041, a reagent kit Vibrio-screen FL by the Rostov-on-Don Plague Control Researsh Institute was admitted to distribution on the territory of the Russian Federation. Conclusions. The reagent kit "Vibrio-screen FL" is a high-quality, effective and safe medical device for in vitro diagnostics with sufficient diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to identify specific fragments of Vibrio spp., V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus nucleic acids, which allows it to be used in clinical laboratory diagnostics, for epidemiological analysis.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND STUDY OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE REAGENT KIT FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE AND VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS BY MULTILOCUS ALLELE-SPECIFIC PCR IN CLINICAL TRIALS","authors":"O. Chemisova, M. V. Poleeva, S. Vodopyanov, A. S. Vodopyanov, A. L. Trukhachev, R. V. Pisanov, V. D. Kruglikov, Alexey K. Noskov","doi":"10.17816/eid111975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid111975","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to develop, conduct clinical trials and evaluate the performance of the \"Reagent kit for identification of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus by multilocus allele-specific PCR\" (\"Vibrio-screen FL\") for the state registration of the specified medical device. \u0000Materials and methods. The results of clinical trials of the reagent kit \"Vibrio-screen FL\" that has been developed to optimize the means and methods of identification and differentiation of pathogens of particularly dangerous infections are presented in the article. Clinical trials were conducted at the Head Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology of the FMBA of Russia (license from 02.12.2013 No. ФС-99-01- 008342; permission of the Ministry of Health from 16.05.2013 No. 300n) in accordance with the program of clinical trials No. 20.ПМКИ-042/10.20 from 23.09.2020 (Clinical Trial Certificate No. 01.AK-042/10.20 dated 12.10.2020). To conduct clinical trials clinical strains of microorganisms Vibrio spp. and other microorganism species were used as target analytes. Research methods included bacteriological method and multilocus PCR . \u0000Results. The reagent kit \"Vibrio-screen FL\" is a medical device for professional use in clinical laboratory diagnostics. The analytical sensitivity of the reagent kit \"Vibrio-screen FL\" was at least 106 copies of the SecY gene when determining belonging to the genus Vibrio; to the species V. cholerae at least 106 copies of the hlyA gene; and to the species V. parahaemolyticus at least 106 copies of the vppC gene. When determining the analytical specificity, there were no non-specific reactions with DNA samples of other microorganism species. A medical device for in vitro diagnostics the reagent kit Vibrio-screen FL meets the requirements of the intended use, which allows it to be used for the differentiation of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from a cultured clinical samples by the method of multilocus allele-specific polymerase chain reaction with hybridization-fluorescent detection. The registration certificate № РЗН 2021/13360 from 08.02.2021 was received. By order of Roszdravnadzordated 08.02.2021 No. 1041, a reagent kit Vibrio-screen FL by the Rostov-on-Don Plague Control Researsh Institute was admitted to distribution on the territory of the Russian Federation. \u0000Conclusions. The reagent kit \"Vibrio-screen FL\" is a high-quality, effective and safe medical device for in vitro diagnostics with sufficient diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to identify specific fragments of Vibrio spp., V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus nucleic acids, which allows it to be used in clinical laboratory diagnostics, for epidemiological analysis.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84830004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna E. Tsygankova, A. Gerasimov, S. Potekaeva, S. V. Krasnova, N. A. Tsvetkova, N. V. Maloletneva, E. Volchkova, V. Chulanov
Background: A review of the literature showed that there are no studies on the course and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with advanced HIV infection, so this study was conducted. Aims: Identification of predictors of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with HIV at the stage of secondary diseases in order to develop a predictive model of outcomes. This will help to simplify the decision-making on management of patients with COVID-19 and HIV infection at advanced stages. Materials and methods: This is a single-center study wich included 300 patients over 18 years of age with HIV infection at advanced stage of disease and moderate to severe COVID-19 requiring in-patient treatment. Results: Mortality rate was 27.3% (CI: 22.7% - 32.4%). Factors reflecting respiratory failure, immunodeficiency, decreased levels of protein, albumin, and increased levels of urea became unfavorable. A predictive model of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with advanced HIV infection has been obtained. Conclusions: A predictive model has been developed to help a practical healthcare doctor make a quick, informed decision on hospitalization of a patient in the intensive care unit and active therapeutic actions.
{"title":"Predictive model of COVID-19 outcomes in patients with advanced HIV infection","authors":"Anna E. Tsygankova, A. Gerasimov, S. Potekaeva, S. V. Krasnova, N. A. Tsvetkova, N. V. Maloletneva, E. Volchkova, V. Chulanov","doi":"10.17816/eid110907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid110907","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A review of the literature showed that there are no studies on the course and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with advanced HIV infection, so this study was conducted. \u0000Aims: Identification of predictors of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with HIV at the stage of secondary diseases in order to develop a predictive model of outcomes. This will help to simplify the decision-making on management of patients with COVID-19 and HIV infection at advanced stages. \u0000Materials and methods: This is a single-center study wich included 300 patients over 18 years of age with HIV infection at advanced stage of disease and moderate to severe COVID-19 requiring in-patient treatment. \u0000Results: Mortality rate was 27.3% (CI: 22.7% - 32.4%). Factors reflecting respiratory failure, immunodeficiency, decreased levels of protein, albumin, and increased levels of urea became unfavorable. A predictive model of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with advanced HIV infection has been obtained. \u0000Conclusions: A predictive model has been developed to help a practical healthcare doctor make a quick, informed decision on hospitalization of a patient in the intensive care unit and active therapeutic actions.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88142189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Popova, S. Voznesenskiy, E. Petrova, Polina Klimkova
Background: the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract is one of the important factors that ensure the normal functioning of the human body. Patients with HIV infection are most susceptible to intestinal infections and changes in the composition of the microbiota, both due to exposure to the virus itself and as a result of reduced immunity. This article describes changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora of patients with HIV infection at the stage of secondary diseases, receiving antiretroviral therapy and not. Aims: to determine the composition of the gut microbiome in patients with HIV infection on and off antiretroviral therapy using DNA sequencing of the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Materials and methods: the object of the study was a group of patients in the amount of 10 people with a documented confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection and diarrheal syndrome. In order to clarify a possible etiological factor and determine the characteristics of the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract, stool analysis was performed using the 16s rRNA sequencing method. Results: the study revealed significant changes in the composition of the microbiome: depletion of the Bacteroidetes type, increased number of the Proteobacteria type. A statically significant difference was found in the composition of the types of microbiota in healthy people and patients with HIV infection (p0.05). The normal flora was represented by only two microorganisms: Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were identified: Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterococcus durans, Klebsiella sp., Pantoea agglomerans, Klebsiella variicola, Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli TOP550-1, Clostridioides difficile, Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria may be the cause of diarrheal syndrome in patients with HIV infection. Conclusions: HIV infection leads to a decrease in bacterial diversity, impoverishment of the normal flora, and the formation of a specific microbial profile. A number of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms can cause diarrhea in patients with HIV infection. Analysis of 16s rRNA sequencing can be used as a non-invasive method for diagnosing changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora and in order to clarify the etiological factor of diarrheal syndrome.
{"title":"Analysis of the gut microbiome of HIV-infected patients using 16s rRNA sequencing","authors":"D. Popova, S. Voznesenskiy, E. Petrova, Polina Klimkova","doi":"10.17816/eid109701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid109701","url":null,"abstract":"Background: the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract is one of the important factors that ensure the normal functioning of the human body. Patients with HIV infection are most susceptible to intestinal infections and changes in the composition of the microbiota, both due to exposure to the virus itself and as a result of reduced immunity. This article describes changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora of patients with HIV infection at the stage of secondary diseases, receiving antiretroviral therapy and not. \u0000Aims: to determine the composition of the gut microbiome in patients with HIV infection on and off antiretroviral therapy using DNA sequencing of the hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. \u0000Materials and methods: the object of the study was a group of patients in the amount of 10 people with a documented confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection and diarrheal syndrome. In order to clarify a possible etiological factor and determine the characteristics of the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract, stool analysis was performed using the 16s rRNA sequencing method. \u0000Results: the study revealed significant changes in the composition of the microbiome: depletion of the Bacteroidetes type, increased number of the Proteobacteria type. A statically significant difference was found in the composition of the types of microbiota in healthy people and patients with HIV infection (p0.05). The normal flora was represented by only two microorganisms: Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms were identified: Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterococcus durans, Klebsiella sp., Pantoea agglomerans, Klebsiella variicola, Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli TOP550-1, Clostridioides difficile, Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria may be the cause of diarrheal syndrome in patients with HIV infection. \u0000Conclusions: HIV infection leads to a decrease in bacterial diversity, impoverishment of the normal flora, and the formation of a specific microbial profile. A number of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms can cause diarrhea in patients with HIV infection. Analysis of 16s rRNA sequencing can be used as a non-invasive method for diagnosing changes in the composition of the intestinal microflora and in order to clarify the etiological factor of diarrheal syndrome.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87084343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510281
Geleta Daniel, K. Bersissa
{"title":"A Mini-Review of Neonatal Sepsis Patterns with Emphasis on Zoonotic Causes","authors":"Geleta Daniel, K. Bersissa","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48059344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510280
Kudinha Timothy, Kong Fanrong
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), mostly caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), are important human infections. Understanding UTI pathogenesis is important for combating the rise in treatment failure and recurrent infections. We studied the distribution of biofilm production by host and non-host factors, among UPEC antibiotic resistant and sensitive cystitis isolates, from reproductive age women. Methods: Cystitis isolates (n = 534) from women were tested for (i) Biofilm production using a microtitre plate method, (ii) Susceptibility to 14 antibiotics using the CLSI disk method, and finally, (iii) Phylogenetic group status using the improved Clermont method. Results: A total of 534 UPEC isolates from women were studied. Biofilm production was highest in the 26-30 years age group (73%), and lowest in the 16-20 years age group (35%). A greater proportion of isolates from inpatients (72%) produced biofilms vs. 45% for outpatients. Most of recurrent UTI isolates (92%) were biofilm producers vs. 48% for first time UTI. The majority of the isolates (61%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics. In the overwhelming majority of cases, biofilm production was highest among the resistant isolates vs. susceptible ones, on average by twice as much. A higher proportion of B2 isolates (77%) were biofilm producers compared to any another group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a strong association between biofilm production and several host and non-host factors, including age, UTI recurrence, hospitalisation, and phylogenetic groups B2 and D. These factors are associated with multidrug resistance, suggesting a strong link between biofilm production and multidrug resistance, as previously suggested.
{"title":"Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Biofilm Production by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Reproductive Age Women in a Region of NSW","authors":"Kudinha Timothy, Kong Fanrong","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510280","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs), mostly caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), are important human infections. Understanding UTI pathogenesis is important for combating the rise in treatment failure and recurrent infections. We studied the distribution of biofilm production by host and non-host factors, among UPEC antibiotic resistant and sensitive cystitis isolates, from reproductive age women. Methods: Cystitis isolates (n = 534) from women were tested for (i) Biofilm production using a microtitre plate method, (ii) Susceptibility to 14 antibiotics using the CLSI disk method, and finally, (iii) Phylogenetic group status using the improved Clermont method. Results: A total of 534 UPEC isolates from women were studied. Biofilm production was highest in the 26-30 years age group (73%), and lowest in the 16-20 years age group (35%). A greater proportion of isolates from inpatients (72%) produced biofilms vs. 45% for outpatients. Most of recurrent UTI isolates (92%) were biofilm producers vs. 48% for first time UTI. The majority of the isolates (61%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics. In the overwhelming majority of cases, biofilm production was highest among the resistant isolates vs. susceptible ones, on average by twice as much. A higher proportion of B2 isolates (77%) were biofilm producers compared to any another group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a strong association between biofilm production and several host and non-host factors, including age, UTI recurrence, hospitalisation, and phylogenetic groups B2 and D. These factors are associated with multidrug resistance, suggesting a strong link between biofilm production and multidrug resistance, as previously suggested.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45696364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.23937/2474-3658/1510282
S. Lakshmi
Objectives: In this paper, single and multiobjective optimal control is performed on a Corona Virus disease model involving hospitalizations and non-pharmaceutical intervention tasks to minimize the damage done by the virus. This model considers the effects of hospitalization and non-pharmaceutical interventions like quarantining and social distancing. Methods: This method does not use weighted functions but minimizes the distance from the utopia point. The utopia point is obtained by the single objective optimal control procedure and the multiobjective optimal control is performed by minimizing the distance from the Utopia point. The optimization program, Pyomo where the differential equations are automatically converted to a Nonlinear Program is used in conjunction with the state-of-the-art global optimization solver BARON. Results: Four single objective optimal control and one multiobjective optimal control problem were solved. The single optimal control involves minimizing the infections, death rate, and the cost of performing the control tasks and maximizing the recovered subjects. The multiobjective optimization involves minimizing the infections, death rate, and the cost of performing the control tasks and maximizing the recovered subjects at the same time. It is observed that the multiobjective optimal control is as effective as the single objective optimization in addition to having the advantage of controlling many variables. Conclusions: The multiobjective optimization involving the minimization of the distance from the Utopia point is very effective to obtain the best control profiles and enables one to maximize the number of recovered subjects while keeping the cost of performing the control tasks as low as possible. In fact, it is as effective as the single objective optimal control that involves maximizing the recovered subjects without dealing with the cost of performing the control tasks.
{"title":"Single and Multiobjective Optimal Control of the COVID Pandemic Model Involving Hospitalizations and Non-Pharmaceutical Control Actions","authors":"S. Lakshmi","doi":"10.23937/2474-3658/1510282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2474-3658/1510282","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In this paper, single and multiobjective optimal control is performed on a Corona Virus disease model involving hospitalizations and non-pharmaceutical intervention tasks to minimize the damage done by the virus. This model considers the effects of hospitalization and non-pharmaceutical interventions like quarantining and social distancing. Methods: This method does not use weighted functions but minimizes the distance from the utopia point. The utopia point is obtained by the single objective optimal control procedure and the multiobjective optimal control is performed by minimizing the distance from the Utopia point. The optimization program, Pyomo where the differential equations are automatically converted to a Nonlinear Program is used in conjunction with the state-of-the-art global optimization solver BARON. Results: Four single objective optimal control and one multiobjective optimal control problem were solved. The single optimal control involves minimizing the infections, death rate, and the cost of performing the control tasks and maximizing the recovered subjects. The multiobjective optimization involves minimizing the infections, death rate, and the cost of performing the control tasks and maximizing the recovered subjects at the same time. It is observed that the multiobjective optimal control is as effective as the single objective optimization in addition to having the advantage of controlling many variables. Conclusions: The multiobjective optimization involving the minimization of the distance from the Utopia point is very effective to obtain the best control profiles and enables one to maximize the number of recovered subjects while keeping the cost of performing the control tasks as low as possible. In fact, it is as effective as the single objective optimal control that involves maximizing the recovered subjects without dealing with the cost of performing the control tasks.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49021744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human Dirofilariasis is a zoonosis caused by thin nematodes of Dirofilaria species (D. repens, D. immitis, D. tenuis и D. Ursi) that belong to the Onchocercidae family. Larval stages of Dirofilaria are usually occur in their primary hosts like cats and dogs and rarely invade incidental hosts - human. In the article described a clinical case of a patient with skull base meningioma who was admitted to the neurosurgical department for elective surgical treatment. The dense nodule was palpated in the subcutaneous tissue of the frontal area of the head. While removing the subcutaneous node a thin white alive worm was evacuated during the surgery. The microscopical examination verified D. repens. Human Dirofilariasis is a rare disease in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. However, there is observed a growth of the number of dirofilariasis cases in the recent years. Nine patients with dirofilariasis were diagnosed in the Republic of Tatarstan within 2019-2022.
{"title":"Human dirofilariosis (D.repens) in the subcutaneous tissues of the head: Clinical case in the department of neurosurgery of the Interregional Clinical and Diagnostic Center of Kazan","authors":"A. Pichugin","doi":"10.17816/eid110862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid110862","url":null,"abstract":"Human Dirofilariasis is a zoonosis caused by thin nematodes of Dirofilaria species (D. repens, D. immitis, D. tenuis и D. Ursi) that belong to the Onchocercidae family. Larval stages of Dirofilaria are usually occur in their primary hosts like cats and dogs and rarely invade incidental hosts - human. \u0000In the article described a clinical case of a patient with skull base meningioma who was admitted to the neurosurgical department for elective surgical treatment. The dense nodule was palpated in the subcutaneous tissue of the frontal area of the head. While removing the subcutaneous node a thin white alive worm was evacuated during the surgery. The microscopical examination verified D. repens. \u0000Human Dirofilariasis is a rare disease in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. However, there is observed a growth of the number of dirofilariasis cases in the recent years. Nine patients with dirofilariasis were diagnosed in the Republic of Tatarstan within 2019-2022.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78231501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Frolova, T. I. Sharkova, O. Butylchenko, L. Severova, A. Abramchenko
Background: HIV infection was more often registered in the general population than in vulnerable groups according to official statistics from the Russian Federation in 2021. Aims: to determine the characteristic patient cohorts coinfected with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in dynamic epidemiological environments, and propose additional organizational approaches for reducing TB incidence in patients with HIV. Materials and methods: we have investigated complete medical data for patients coinfected with TB and HIV in three Russian regions. Additionally, we analyzed the cohort of patients with TB, combined with HIV infection via sexual transmission. Furthermore, confidential interviews with patients coinfected with TB and HIV were undertaken. In particular, reasons for refusing clinical examination at a Russian Federal AIDS Center (RFAIDSC) were clarified. Results: among patients coinfected with TB and HIV, parenteral transmission remains the primary HIV infection route. At the same time, patients who become infected through sexual contact are also primarily socially disadvantaged, leading to the refusal of clinical examination and a consequent late detection of TB. On the other hand, patients report that due to unemployment, they do not have the financial means to travel to the regional RFAIDSC. More often, widespread, rapidly progressive MDR TB infections occurred among patients coinfected with TB and HIV, than for patients with TB but without HIV. Considering that every fourth TB patient in Russia has been diagnosed with HIV, and, at the same time, there are specific features regarding the development and course of TB, the generally accepted criteria for assessing the quality of TB without HIV care often become biased for coinfected patients. This can lead to unreasonably negative assessments of the antituberculosis system and its work. Conclusions: in view of the above, it is important to modify regulatory documents regarding informing patients about the importance of seeking timely medical help, solve the issue of travel for unemployed patients to medical examinations and in emergency cases. Additionally, it is important to introduce adjustments for the criteria in assessing the quality of patient TB care, thereby accounting for the pathogenesis of TB in patients with HIV coinfection.
{"title":"Identification of additional ways to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients. Retrospective Continuum Study.","authors":"O. Frolova, T. I. Sharkova, O. Butylchenko, L. Severova, A. Abramchenko","doi":"10.17816/eid110796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid110796","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV infection was more often registered in the general population than in vulnerable groups according to official statistics from the Russian Federation in 2021. \u0000Aims: to determine the characteristic patient cohorts coinfected with tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in dynamic epidemiological environments, and propose additional organizational approaches for reducing TB incidence in patients with HIV. \u0000Materials and methods: we have investigated complete medical data for patients coinfected with TB and HIV in three Russian regions. Additionally, we analyzed the cohort of patients with TB, combined with HIV infection via sexual transmission. Furthermore, confidential interviews with patients coinfected with TB and HIV were undertaken. In particular, reasons for refusing clinical examination at a Russian Federal AIDS Center (RFAIDSC) were clarified. \u0000Results: among patients coinfected with TB and HIV, parenteral transmission remains the primary HIV infection route. At the same time, patients who become infected through sexual contact are also primarily socially disadvantaged, leading to the refusal of clinical examination and a consequent late detection of TB. On the other hand, patients report that due to unemployment, they do not have the financial means to travel to the regional RFAIDSC. \u0000More often, widespread, rapidly progressive MDR TB infections occurred among patients coinfected with TB and HIV, than for patients with TB but without HIV. Considering that every fourth TB patient in Russia has been diagnosed with HIV, and, at the same time, there are specific features regarding the development and course of TB, the generally accepted criteria for assessing the quality of TB without HIV care often become biased for coinfected patients. This can lead to unreasonably negative assessments of the antituberculosis system and its work. \u0000Conclusions: in view of the above, it is important to modify regulatory documents regarding informing patients about the importance of seeking timely medical help, solve the issue of travel for unemployed patients to medical examinations and in emergency cases. Additionally, it is important to introduce adjustments for the criteria in assessing the quality of patient TB care, thereby accounting for the pathogenesis of TB in patients with HIV coinfection.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81710286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Smirnova, I. Egorov, E. Malkova, N. N. Zhuikov, Elena S. Shelkova, Yulia R. Zainagabdinova, A. V. Semenov
Despite of significant advances in the development of healthcare as well as the introduction of new safe diagnosis and treatment technologies of various diseases, the problem of preventing health care-associated infections (HAIs) does not lose its relevance. The article presents an data analysis of officially registered HAIs cases within medical organizations of Ural and Siberian Federal Districts. The analysis was carried out on the basis of data from Federal Statistical Observation Forms No. 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases", No. 23-17 "Information on outbreaks of infectious diseases" and additional request materials "Information on medical manipulations and contingents treated" for 2021 and in dynamics for 7 years (2015-2021) in comparison with indicators for whole Russian Federation. Statistical data were provided by the Departments of Rospotrebnadzor from Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk regions; Altai, Transbaikal, Krasnoyarsk Territory; republics of Altai, Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia; Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Data for Russian Federation were provided by Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor according the duties of Ural-Siberian Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention of Health Care-associated Infections. Based on the analysis results the rating assessment of HAIs detection and registration quality in subjects of Ural and Siberian Federal Districts and the ranking of subjects taking into account the HAIs epidemiological surveillance system functioning activity was carried out. The information presented in the article is intended for employees of Rospotrebnadzor bodies and organizations, medical organizations, educational organizations, executive authorities in the field of healthcare.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF DETECTION AND REGISTRATION OF INFECTIONS RELATED TO MEDICAL CARE IN THE URAL AND SIBERIAN FEDERAL DISTRICTS IN 2021","authors":"S. Smirnova, I. Egorov, E. Malkova, N. N. Zhuikov, Elena S. Shelkova, Yulia R. Zainagabdinova, A. V. Semenov","doi":"10.17816/eid109321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid109321","url":null,"abstract":"Despite of significant advances in the development of healthcare as well as the introduction of new safe diagnosis and treatment technologies of various diseases, the problem of preventing health care-associated infections (HAIs) does not lose its relevance. \u0000The article presents an data analysis of officially registered HAIs cases within medical organizations of Ural and Siberian Federal Districts. The analysis was carried out on the basis of data from Federal Statistical Observation Forms No. 2 \"Information on infectious and parasitic diseases\", No. 23-17 \"Information on outbreaks of infectious diseases\" and additional request materials \"Information on medical manipulations and contingents treated\" for 2021 and in dynamics for 7 years (2015-2021) in comparison with indicators for whole Russian Federation. \u0000Statistical data were provided by the Departments of Rospotrebnadzor from Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk regions; Altai, Transbaikal, Krasnoyarsk Territory; republics of Altai, Buryatia, Tyva, Khakassia; Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Yugra, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Data for Russian Federation were provided by Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor according the duties of Ural-Siberian Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention of Health Care-associated Infections. \u0000Based on the analysis results the rating assessment of HAIs detection and registration quality in subjects of Ural and Siberian Federal Districts and the ranking of subjects taking into account the HAIs epidemiological surveillance system functioning activity was carried out. The information presented in the article is intended for employees of Rospotrebnadzor bodies and organizations, medical organizations, educational organizations, executive authorities in the field of healthcare.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77209801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of monitoring the incidence of non-polio enterovirus infection (EVI) in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (2006-2021) are presented. It was found that the predominant share in the total incidence of EVI was urban population with a predominance of children under 6 years of age and school age. In the period 2020-2021. The low incidence of EVI was due to ongoing anti-epidemic measures against COVID-19 and was accompanied by the spread of enterovirus serotype CVA6, which is able to effectively implement the aspiration mechanism of transmission of the infectious agent and cause respiratory and exanthemic diseases. The spread of CVA6 was influenced by the growth of migration activity of the population, due to the partial lifting of restrictions and an increase in the non-immune stratum of the population due to a decrease in the incidence of EVI in 2020. The results of the study will contribute to the adoption of measures leading to a decrease in the incidence of EVI in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, rational planning of preventive measures, by improving the information and diagnostic subsystems of epidemiological surveillance. To solve these tasks, it is necessary to further study the spectrum of enteroviruses circulating on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the frequency of their occurrence in subclinical forms of EVI and as etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis, the development of molecular genetic typing techniques using mass parallel high-performance sequencing technology, the study of molecular genetic characteristics. All this will reduce the risks of EVI morbidity in the post-pandemic period and ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population and prevent the spread of EVI in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
{"title":"RESULTS OF MONITORING THE INCIDENCE OF NON-POLIO ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION IN THE PRE-PANDEMIC AND PANDEMIC PERIODS","authors":"Tatiana Suranova","doi":"10.17816/eid109422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/eid109422","url":null,"abstract":"The results of monitoring the incidence of non-polio enterovirus infection (EVI) in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (2006-2021) are presented. It was found that the predominant share in the total incidence of EVI was urban population with a predominance of children under 6 years of age and school age. In the period 2020-2021. The low incidence of EVI was due to ongoing anti-epidemic measures against COVID-19 and was accompanied by the spread of enterovirus serotype CVA6, which is able to effectively implement the aspiration mechanism of transmission of the infectious agent and cause respiratory and exanthemic diseases. The spread of CVA6 was influenced by the growth of migration activity of the population, due to the partial lifting of restrictions and an increase in the non-immune stratum of the population due to a decrease in the incidence of EVI in 2020. The results of the study will contribute to the adoption of measures leading to a decrease in the incidence of EVI in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, rational planning of preventive measures, by improving the information and diagnostic subsystems of epidemiological surveillance. To solve these tasks, it is necessary to further study the spectrum of enteroviruses circulating on the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the frequency of their occurrence in subclinical forms of EVI and as etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis, the development of molecular genetic typing techniques using mass parallel high-performance sequencing technology, the study of molecular genetic characteristics. All this will reduce the risks of EVI morbidity in the post-pandemic period and ensure the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population and prevent the spread of EVI in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.","PeriodicalId":93465,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious diseases and epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82248629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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