Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31489/2022bmg3/165-175
Aruzhan Berikkyzy, N. Ablaikhanova, G. Tusupbekova, L. Kozhamzharova
This article presents the scientific review on the functional state of the living organism in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Increased cytokine release in response to viral infection, known as cytokine release syndrome or cytokine storm, becomes a mechanism leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure (MOF) in COVID-19, thus supporting the hypothesis that appropriately selected antiinflammatory therapeutic strategies can improve clinical outcomes and patient progress. Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins secreted by the body’s immune cells, in normal amounts have a protective effect on the body related to the delimitation of damaged tissue during inflammation. Currently, there are more than 30 types, divided into several independent groups according to their structural features and biological action. As there are no uniform diagnostic criteria for a cytokine storm, the main focus of laboratory diagnosis is on elevations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, procalcitonin.
{"title":"The effect of coronavirus on the body’s immune system (the literature review)","authors":"Aruzhan Berikkyzy, N. Ablaikhanova, G. Tusupbekova, L. Kozhamzharova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/165-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/165-175","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the scientific review on the functional state of the living organism in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Increased cytokine release in response to viral infection, known as cytokine release syndrome or cytokine storm, becomes a mechanism leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ failure (MOF) in COVID-19, thus supporting the hypothesis that appropriately selected antiinflammatory therapeutic strategies can improve clinical outcomes and patient progress. Cytokines are low molecular weight proteins secreted by the body’s immune cells, in normal amounts have a protective effect on the body related to the delimitation of damaged tissue during inflammation. Currently, there are more than 30 types, divided into several independent groups according to their structural features and biological action. As there are no uniform diagnostic criteria for a cytokine storm, the main focus of laboratory diagnosis is on elevations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin, procalcitonin.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80590632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31489/2022bmg3/158-164
N. Zhappar, V. Shaikhutdinov, L. Asherbekova, Akmaral Yertuganovna Khasenova
Modes of mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from various habitats of Akmola and Pavlodar regions were tested. As a result of the selection of nutrient media and cultivation conditions of entomopathogenic nematodes, the largest populations of nematodes (more than 100,000 young individuals/ml) were obtained on medium C11 containing yeast extract (23 g/l), egg yolk (13.5 g/l), and corn extract (40 g/l). On the 20th day of cultivation, the maximum concentration of viable nematodes was reached (123 856, 127 572, and 122 469 nematodes/ml for isolates AF 29, AF 57, and KP 76, respectively), which was maintained until the end of the experiments. During the process, the initial concentration of nematodes increased by more than 2 orders of magnitude. When working out the modes of mass production of nematodes on a semi-industrial scale, the populations of isolates AF 29, AF 57, and KP 76 in media amounted to 122 754, 131 784, and 126 521 nematodes per ml. The total volume of the resulting preparation was 50 liters. The obtained results are applicable in crop production in the fight against potato pests.
{"title":"Selection of the most productive nutrient media for the cultivation of predatory nematodes","authors":"N. Zhappar, V. Shaikhutdinov, L. Asherbekova, Akmaral Yertuganovna Khasenova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/158-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/158-164","url":null,"abstract":"Modes of mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from various habitats of Akmola and Pavlodar regions were tested. As a result of the selection of nutrient media and cultivation conditions of entomopathogenic nematodes, the largest populations of nematodes (more than 100,000 young individuals/ml) were obtained on medium C11 containing yeast extract (23 g/l), egg yolk (13.5 g/l), and corn extract (40 g/l). On the 20th day of cultivation, the maximum concentration of viable nematodes was reached (123 856, 127 572, and 122 469 nematodes/ml for isolates AF 29, AF 57, and KP 76, respectively), which was maintained until the end of the experiments. During the process, the initial concentration of nematodes increased by more than 2 orders of magnitude. When working out the modes of mass production of nematodes on a semi-industrial scale, the populations of isolates AF 29, AF 57, and KP 76 in media amounted to 122 754, 131 784, and 126 521 nematodes per ml. The total volume of the resulting preparation was 50 liters. The obtained results are applicable in crop production in the fight against potato pests. ","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86491129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Zhaparova, Z. Bayazitova, A. Kurmanbayeva, A. Kakabayev, Z. Bekpergenova
In mesophilic conditions, anaerobic digestion is the most common in the world. However, thermophilic fermentation has several advantages due to the growth rate of microorganisms and the reactions they produce, as well as the degradation of deep organic matter due to an increase in the solubility of organic compounds. Increasing the temperature of the process makes it possible to neutralize the remnants of pathogenic organisms (viruses, bacteria, helminth eggs), which are necessary for the further use of fermented biomass as a biofertilizer. An effective inoculum is selected for the process of anaerobic co-fermentation of food waste and excess activated sludge. The optimal ratio of inoculate and substrate is determined to start the process of anaerobic digestion. Experiments with flasks and laboratory biogas reactors demonstrate that fermentation of OSV with food waste can significantly increase the rate and consumption of biogas. The optimal ratio of OSV and food waste in a mixture of coenzymes is 50/50, depending on the total content of organic substances in the mixture. The maximum rate of methanogenesis is observed in mixtures of I/C 70/30 and I/C 55/45 (after 18 days) and 156 ml of CH4 and 178 ml of CH4, respectively. This indicates the stability of the anaerobic process. It is shown that after pretreatment and activation of the landfill, the organic part of solid household waste, food waste and wastewater can be used to start the process of anaerobic digestion in anaerobic reactors.
在中温环境中，厌氧消化是世界上最常见的。然而，由于微生物的生长速度和它们产生的反应，以及由于有机化合物的溶解度增加而对深层有机物的降解，嗜热发酵具有几个优点。提高该过程的温度可以中和致病生物(病毒、细菌、蠕虫卵)的残余，这是进一步利用发酵生物质作为生物肥料所必需的。选择了一种有效的接种菌，对食物垃圾和剩余活性污泥进行厌氧共发酵。确定接种物与底物的最佳配比，启动厌氧消化过程。用烧瓶和实验室沼气反应器进行的实验表明，用食物垃圾发酵OSV可以显著提高沼气的利用率和消耗量。根据混合物中有机物的总含量，辅酶混合物中OSV和食物垃圾的最佳比例为50/50。在I/C 70/30和I/C 55/45(18天后)和156 ml CH4和178 ml CH4的混合条件下，产甲烷率最高。这表明厌氧过程的稳定性。结果表明，垃圾填埋场经过预处理和活化后，可以利用生活垃圾、食物垃圾和废水中的有机部分在厌氧反应器中启动厌氧消化过程。
{"title":"Thermophilic fermentation of household food waste","authors":"S. Zhaparova, Z. Bayazitova, A. Kurmanbayeva, A. Kakabayev, Z. Bekpergenova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/56-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/56-66","url":null,"abstract":"In mesophilic conditions, anaerobic digestion is the most common in the world. However, thermophilic fermentation has several advantages due to the growth rate of microorganisms and the reactions they produce, as well as the degradation of deep organic matter due to an increase in the solubility of organic compounds. Increasing the temperature of the process makes it possible to neutralize the remnants of pathogenic organisms (viruses, bacteria, helminth eggs), which are necessary for the further use of fermented biomass as a biofertilizer. An effective inoculum is selected for the process of anaerobic co-fermentation of food waste and excess activated sludge. The optimal ratio of inoculate and substrate is determined to start the process of anaerobic digestion. Experiments with flasks and laboratory biogas reactors demonstrate that fermentation of OSV with food waste can significantly increase the rate and consumption of biogas. The optimal ratio of OSV and food waste in a mixture of coenzymes is 50/50, depending on the total content of organic substances in the mixture. The maximum rate of methanogenesis is observed in mixtures of I/C 70/30 and I/C 55/45 (after 18 days) and 156 ml of CH4 and 178 ml of CH4, respectively. This indicates the stability of the anaerobic process. It is shown that after pretreatment and activation of the landfill, the organic part of solid household waste, food waste and wastewater can be used to start the process of anaerobic digestion in anaerobic reactors.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88685608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kalieva, R. Blieva, G. Admanova, Bakshagul Bakytzhankyzy, Nazerke Kenzhalyevna Kemalova
This article studies the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the biosynthesis of pectinliase enzymes in Penicillium cyclopium. The carbon and nitrogen sources in the nutrient medium influence not only the constructive metabolism of P. cyclopium but also the synthesis of pectinliase enzymes. It is found that the best carbon source is fructose, which provides accumulation of polymethylgalacturonatliase (PMGL) and polygalacturonatliase (PGL) in culture fluid up to 5.0 and 5.7 units/ml. The best nitrogen source is ammonium chloride. When it was added to the nutrient medium as the only nitrogen source, the biosynthesis of pectinliase enzymes increased 2.8 times for polymethylgalacturonatliase (PMGL) and 3.0 times for polygalacturonatliase (PGL) compared with the control. The productivity of the culture increased to 9.2–11.4 units/g of mycelium. The optimal pH value for the growth and pectinliase enzymes biosynthesis was pH — 8.5. Determination of the activity of pectinliase enzymes and mycelium biomass in the culture fluid was carried out every 24 hours. The duration of the entire growing process lasted 168 hours. The most active enzyme biosynthesis takes place in the stationary phase for 3.0–3.5 days, followed by a sharp drop in activity after 4 days of cultivation. It is identified that the biosynthesis of pectinliase enzymes in P. cyclopium has a constitutive nature. Specific substrates did not induce the enzymes biosynthesis.
{"title":"Effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources on the biosynthesis of pectinliase enzymes in Penicillium cyclopium","authors":"A. Kalieva, R. Blieva, G. Admanova, Bakshagul Bakytzhankyzy, Nazerke Kenzhalyevna Kemalova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/78-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/78-83","url":null,"abstract":"This article studies the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the biosynthesis of pectinliase enzymes in Penicillium cyclopium. The carbon and nitrogen sources in the nutrient medium influence not only the constructive metabolism of P. cyclopium but also the synthesis of pectinliase enzymes. It is found that the best carbon source is fructose, which provides accumulation of polymethylgalacturonatliase (PMGL) and polygalacturonatliase (PGL) in culture fluid up to 5.0 and 5.7 units/ml. The best nitrogen source is ammonium chloride. When it was added to the nutrient medium as the only nitrogen source, the biosynthesis of pectinliase enzymes increased 2.8 times for polymethylgalacturonatliase (PMGL) and 3.0 times for polygalacturonatliase (PGL) compared with the control. The productivity of the culture increased to 9.2–11.4 units/g of mycelium. The optimal pH value for the growth and pectinliase enzymes biosynthesis was pH — 8.5. Determination of the activity of pectinliase enzymes and mycelium biomass in the culture fluid was carried out every 24 hours. The duration of the entire growing process lasted 168 hours. The most active enzyme biosynthesis takes place in the stationary phase for 3.0–3.5 days, followed by a sharp drop in activity after 4 days of cultivation. It is identified that the biosynthesis of pectinliase enzymes in P. cyclopium has a constitutive nature. Specific substrates did not induce the enzymes biosynthesis.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86285779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the results of an introductory study of Korean chrysanthemum varieties in the collection of the Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden. As a result of phenological observations of 26 varieties of chrysanthemum in 2018–2020, it was revealed that chrysanthemum varieties are long-growing. The duration of phenological phases is more dependent on the biological characteristics of the variety and on the meteorological factors of the year of study. During the three-year period of observations on the flowering dates in the arid conditions of Mangistau, 4 groups of chrysanthemum varieties were identified: early, middle, mediumlate, and late varieties. The total flowering duration of chrysanthemum varieties was on average from 20 to 45 days. Flowering of early varieties lasts about 25–28 days, medium and medium-late — from 35 to 45, late — about 25 days. Also, this study provides an assessment of the decorative and biological properties of chrysanthemum varieties. Through the comprehensive assessment, the most promising varieties of chrysanthemum were identified, which make it possible to create decorative floral compositions of various types in the conditions of the arid zone of Mangistau, and thereby replenish the assortment of decorative perennial plants with new varieties.
{"title":"Results of introduction of Chrysanthemum L. variety under Mangistau conditions","authors":"Nurzhaugan Ibraimovna Duisenova, Shyngyskhan Mukhtaruly Gani","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/47-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/47-55","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of an introductory study of Korean chrysanthemum varieties in the collection of the Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden. As a result of phenological observations of 26 varieties of chrysanthemum in 2018–2020, it was revealed that chrysanthemum varieties are long-growing. The duration of phenological phases is more dependent on the biological characteristics of the variety and on the meteorological factors of the year of study. During the three-year period of observations on the flowering dates in the arid conditions of Mangistau, 4 groups of chrysanthemum varieties were identified: early, middle, mediumlate, and late varieties. The total flowering duration of chrysanthemum varieties was on average from 20 to 45 days. Flowering of early varieties lasts about 25–28 days, medium and medium-late — from 35 to 45, late — about 25 days. Also, this study provides an assessment of the decorative and biological properties of chrysanthemum varieties. Through the comprehensive assessment, the most promising varieties of chrysanthemum were identified, which make it possible to create decorative floral compositions of various types in the conditions of the arid zone of Mangistau, and thereby replenish the assortment of decorative perennial plants with new varieties.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90321633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31489/2022bmg3/176-184
A. Duisenbek, N. Ablaikhanova, Akles Turdykulkyzy Kaldykaraeva, Arailym Yessenbekova, Beibarys Mukhitdin, Zura Berkutovna Esymsiitova, L. Kozhamzharova
This article presents information on diabetes mellitus and its complications and its relationship with the mechanism of endothelial dysfunction based on previous studies. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction is considered an early indicator of the diagnosis of diabetic vascular complications. Although the exact pathogenetic mechanisms of ED in diabetes mellitus are still unclear, at the initial stage it turned out that they trigger the synthesis of nitric oxide, oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria, and other processes. The subsequent main factors influencing the activation of this process are dyspledemia, oxidative processes, and inflammation. The paper considers current literature data on hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and glycation end products with endothelial changes. A separate section is devoted to oxidative stress and their significance in the development of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. In addition, in this review, special attention is paid to the main mechanisms involved in the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction, the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, as well as their relationship with the main factors of cardiovascular risk.
{"title":"Vascular complications in combination with endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes","authors":"A. Duisenbek, N. Ablaikhanova, Akles Turdykulkyzy Kaldykaraeva, Arailym Yessenbekova, Beibarys Mukhitdin, Zura Berkutovna Esymsiitova, L. Kozhamzharova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/176-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/176-184","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents information on diabetes mellitus and its complications and its relationship with the mechanism of endothelial dysfunction based on previous studies. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction is considered an early indicator of the diagnosis of diabetic vascular complications. Although the exact pathogenetic mechanisms of ED in diabetes mellitus are still unclear, at the initial stage it turned out that they trigger the synthesis of nitric oxide, oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria, and other processes. The subsequent main factors influencing the activation of this process are dyspledemia, oxidative processes, and inflammation. The paper considers current literature data on hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and glycation end products with endothelial changes. A separate section is devoted to oxidative stress and their significance in the development of endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. In addition, in this review, special attention is paid to the main mechanisms involved in the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction, the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, as well as their relationship with the main factors of cardiovascular risk.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88501507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents the results of a study of a literature review on the use of mosses as natural filters for air purification in polluted locations; provides information on the features of the cultivation of sphagnum moss by vertical and horizontal methods in the future design of a biotechnological system; describes the necessary conditions to achieve the maximum effect of air purification using this type of plant culture. The study results will be used in the development of unique equipment, namely a pilot prototype of a biotechnological system — a filter using sphagnum moss as a natural filter for air purification in a certain area. This development involves the use of automated control systems to create artificial conditions for plant culture — moss, which, for natural reasons, cannot exist in urban environments. In the long term, a biotechnological filter will effectively clean the air, cool the environment and reduce the noise level in those locations where it is impossible to plant many trees due to large buildings. Currently, groups of scientists around the world are conducting research and experimental development of various solutions, including technologies that can significantly improve the urban environment using natural filters. Using mosses as a natural filter will absorb fine dust, purify the air, and create a favorable space.
{"title":"Usage and features of cultivation of sphagnum moss in a biotechnological system for natural filtration, purification of air in urban conditions","authors":"Z. Inelova, Altynbek Yermekov, D. Yedilkhan","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/67-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/67-77","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of a study of a literature review on the use of mosses as natural filters for air purification in polluted locations; provides information on the features of the cultivation of sphagnum moss by vertical and horizontal methods in the future design of a biotechnological system; describes the necessary conditions to achieve the maximum effect of air purification using this type of plant culture. The study results will be used in the development of unique equipment, namely a pilot prototype of a biotechnological system — a filter using sphagnum moss as a natural filter for air purification in a certain area. This development involves the use of automated control systems to create artificial conditions for plant culture — moss, which, for natural reasons, cannot exist in urban environments. In the long term, a biotechnological filter will effectively clean the air, cool the environment and reduce the noise level in those locations where it is impossible to plant many trees due to large buildings. Currently, groups of scientists around the world are conducting research and experimental development of various solutions, including technologies that can significantly improve the urban environment using natural filters. Using mosses as a natural filter will absorb fine dust, purify the air, and create a favorable space.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84902030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khussainov, K. Shulembayeva, E. Arkhipov, Idya Bulatovna Fakhrudenova, Sh . N. Durmekbayeva
The article presents the analysis results of vertebrate community composition in the State National Natural Park “Burabay” and its population dynamics for 2016–2020, as a basic component of the ecological network of specially protected natural areas, ensuring the conservation and restoration of biological diversity, both typical and unique landscapes. The route method of animal registration on the trial plot was applied to study and estimate the number of ungulates, carnivores, rodents, and guans. The animal life forms were classified according to the morphology of A.N. Formazov. The typical nature of the species composition of the park is confirmed by the presence of characteristic communities inherent in the steppe zone. The uniqueness of the species composition of vertebrates lies in the presence of species characteristic to the forest ecosystem; boreal relic animals; species of animals listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan and species diversity.
{"title":"Community composition and population dynamics of vertebrates in the State National Nature Park “Burabay”","authors":"A. Khussainov, K. Shulembayeva, E. Arkhipov, Idya Bulatovna Fakhrudenova, Sh . N. Durmekbayeva","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/84-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/84-91","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the analysis results of vertebrate community composition in the State National Natural Park “Burabay” and its population dynamics for 2016–2020, as a basic component of the ecological network of specially protected natural areas, ensuring the conservation and restoration of biological diversity, both typical and unique landscapes. The route method of animal registration on the trial plot was applied to study and estimate the number of ungulates, carnivores, rodents, and guans. The animal life forms were classified according to the morphology of A.N. Formazov. The typical nature of the species composition of the park is confirmed by the presence of characteristic communities inherent in the steppe zone. The uniqueness of the species composition of vertebrates lies in the presence of species characteristic to the forest ecosystem; boreal relic animals; species of animals listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan and species diversity.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86499971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kubentayev, Akmaral Yertuganovna Khasenova, A. A. Imanbayeva, Daniyar T. Alibekov
The article presents the results of the study of morphometric parameters and weight indicators of seeds of 18 species of rare and endemic plants listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan: Adonis vernalis, A. volgensis, Astragalus glycyphyllos, Crataegus ambigua, Drosera rotundifolia, Fraxinus sogdiana, Lilium martagon, Malacocarpus crithmifolius, Incarvillea semiretschenskia, Paeonia anomala, P. intermedia, Rhodiola rosea, Leuzea carthamoides, Tulipa kolpakowskiana, T. patens, T. suaveolens, T. urumiensis, including 6 subendemic species (Crataegus ambigua, Fraxinus sogdiana, Malacocarpus crithmifolius, Tulipa kolpakowskiana, T. suaveolens, T. urumiensis) and one narrow-localised endemic (Incarvillea semiretschenskia). The characteristics of the shape, texture of the seed peel and the color of the seeds of the studied samples are similar to those studied earlier. Significant differences were found in the size and weight of 1000 seeds from previously published data, which, in our opinion, reflect the variability of traits that should be considered when identifying species.
{"title":"Morphology of seeds of some species of rare and endemic plants of Kazakhstan","authors":"S. Kubentayev, Akmaral Yertuganovna Khasenova, A. A. Imanbayeva, Daniyar T. Alibekov","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/92-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/92-98","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of morphometric parameters and weight indicators of seeds of 18 species of rare and endemic plants listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan: Adonis vernalis, A. volgensis, Astragalus glycyphyllos, Crataegus ambigua, Drosera rotundifolia, Fraxinus sogdiana, Lilium martagon, Malacocarpus crithmifolius, Incarvillea semiretschenskia, Paeonia anomala, P. intermedia, Rhodiola rosea, Leuzea carthamoides, Tulipa kolpakowskiana, T. patens, T. suaveolens, T. urumiensis, including 6 subendemic species (Crataegus ambigua, Fraxinus sogdiana, Malacocarpus crithmifolius, Tulipa kolpakowskiana, T. suaveolens, T. urumiensis) and one narrow-localised endemic (Incarvillea semiretschenskia). The characteristics of the shape, texture of the seed peel and the color of the seeds of the studied samples are similar to those studied earlier. Significant differences were found in the size and weight of 1000 seeds from previously published data, which, in our opinion, reflect the variability of traits that should be considered when identifying species.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87962562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abaildayev, Vladimir Anatolyevich Kuzovlev, A. Khakimzhanov
One of the modern directions of increasing the resistance of cereal crops to fungal diseases is the study of hydrolytic digestive enzymes of pathogens and their protein inhibitors in grain. In this study, the optimal nutrient media for obtaining the protease of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum containing 1 % of glucose and 1 % of yeast extract as an inducer of enzyme synthesis is determined. The cultivation period of the fungus with the inoculation of 3.8 x 106 conidia / 100 ml is 12–14 days, at which the synthesis of protease is maximum. By affinity (biospecific) chromatography, extracellular serine trypsin-like protease is purified from the accumulated preparative amount of cultural filtrate, represented by two proteins with MW-24 and 27-kDa according to SDS electrophoresis data. The main physicochemical properties of the enzyme important for its activity and interaction with protein inhibitors — pH and temperature optima, thermal stability, sensitivity to metal ions, are established. These characteristics for the trypsin protease of F. graminearum are given for the first time. The study results can be used in the search for specific protease inhibitors in grain as protective proteins for their use in assessing the resistance of wheat varieties to fungal attacks.
{"title":"Optimization of the culture media for protease production by phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum and characterization of the enzyme","authors":"A. Abaildayev, Vladimir Anatolyevich Kuzovlev, A. Khakimzhanov","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/7-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/7-15","url":null,"abstract":"One of the modern directions of increasing the resistance of cereal crops to fungal diseases is the study of hydrolytic digestive enzymes of pathogens and their protein inhibitors in grain. In this study, the optimal nutrient media for obtaining the protease of the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum containing 1 % of glucose and 1 % of yeast extract as an inducer of enzyme synthesis is determined. The cultivation period of the fungus with the inoculation of 3.8 x 106 conidia / 100 ml is 12–14 days, at which the synthesis of protease is maximum. By affinity (biospecific) chromatography, extracellular serine trypsin-like protease is purified from the accumulated preparative amount of cultural filtrate, represented by two proteins with MW-24 and 27-kDa according to SDS electrophoresis data. The main physicochemical properties of the enzyme important for its activity and interaction with protein inhibitors — pH and temperature optima, thermal stability, sensitivity to metal ions, are established. These characteristics for the trypsin protease of F. graminearum are given for the first time. The study results can be used in the search for specific protease inhibitors in grain as protective proteins for their use in assessing the resistance of wheat varieties to fungal attacks.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79075726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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