This article is devoted to optimizing the conditions for cryopreservation of seed material of Mentha longifolia. Mentha longifolia is an essential oil plant that is actively used in the perfumery, pharmaceutical and food industries. The cryopreservation experiments use the following endocellular and exocellular cryoprotectants: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), glycerol, and dimethysulfoxide (DMSO). In addition, we study the effect of the growth characteristics of seeds on the preservation during cryopreservation of the method of applying a cryoprotectant: at room temperature and in an ice bath. The initial germination of long-leaved mint seeds is 76.3±2 %, and the germination energy is 70.3±1.8 %. When frozen in liquid nitrogen without the use of cryoprotectants, the germination rate was 64.9±0.8 %, and the germination energy was 18.95±0.2 %. It should be noted that the germination energy indicator turned out to be sensitive to the deposition of seed material at extremely low temperatures. An analysis of the results of maintaining the viability of long-leaved mint seeds when they are frozen in cryoprotectants of various compositions in the case of their introduction at room temperature indicates that the tendency for a sharp decrease in germination energy is observed in all variants of the experiment. The best options for cryoprotectants to preserve the growth characteristics of the seed material are DMSO 2.5 % and PVP 3 % applied in an ice bath. The germination of seeds stored in these cryoprotectants is 85.8±3.1 % and 87.6±2.3 %, respectively. Thus, it is found that the best way to apply cryoprotectants during cryopreservation of long-leaved mint seeds is a temperature close to 0 °C; in this case, both germination and seed germination energy are seriously increased.
{"title":"Study of the effect of the method of applying cryoprotectors on the preservation of Mentha longifolia seed material during cryopreservation","authors":"A. Dodonova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/42-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/42-46","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to optimizing the conditions for cryopreservation of seed material of Mentha longifolia. Mentha longifolia is an essential oil plant that is actively used in the perfumery, pharmaceutical and food industries. The cryopreservation experiments use the following endocellular and exocellular cryoprotectants: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), glycerol, and dimethysulfoxide (DMSO). In addition, we study the effect of the growth characteristics of seeds on the preservation during cryopreservation of the method of applying a cryoprotectant: at room temperature and in an ice bath. The initial germination of long-leaved mint seeds is 76.3±2 %, and the germination energy is 70.3±1.8 %. When frozen in liquid nitrogen without the use of cryoprotectants, the germination rate was 64.9±0.8 %, and the germination energy was 18.95±0.2 %. It should be noted that the germination energy indicator turned out to be sensitive to the deposition of seed material at extremely low temperatures. An analysis of the results of maintaining the viability of long-leaved mint seeds when they are frozen in cryoprotectants of various compositions in the case of their introduction at room temperature indicates that the tendency for a sharp decrease in germination energy is observed in all variants of the experiment. The best options for cryoprotectants to preserve the growth characteristics of the seed material are DMSO 2.5 % and PVP 3 % applied in an ice bath. The germination of seeds stored in these cryoprotectants is 85.8±3.1 % and 87.6±2.3 %, respectively. Thus, it is found that the best way to apply cryoprotectants during cryopreservation of long-leaved mint seeds is a temperature close to 0 °C; in this case, both germination and seed germination energy are seriously increased.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79082236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31489/2022bmg3/151-157
Botakoz Yelkenova, R. Beisenova, Nurziia Shaikenovna Karipbayeva
The article presents a taxonomic, biomorphological, geographical analysis of the biodiversity of the flora of herbaceous species of pine forests of the Irtysh region, which is represented by 168 plant species belonging to 116 genera and 42 families. Analysis of the largest flora families of herbaceous species shows that the dominant communities are Artemisia L. — Festucaria Heist. ex Fabr. and Artemisia L. — Poaceae Barnhart (Artemisia L., Festuca Heist. ex Fabr., Stipa capillata L.) phytocenoses. In all the studied sites, the following plant species are dominates or codominants of Festuca rupicola Heuff., Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Stipa capillata L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Carex supina Willd. ex Wahlenb., Spiraea hypericifolia L. The flora is based on angiosperms, including dicotyledons — 137 species (81 %); monocotyledons — 28 species (16.6 %). Gymnosperms are represented by two species of Pinus sylvestris L., Juniperus sabina L., and there is also one species of Eguisetum arvense L. horsetail. The richness of the flora is also emphasized by some quantitative indicators of its taxonomic composition: the average species saturation of one family is 4, the maximum is 36. There are 9 rich families with the number of species above the average (21.4 % of the total number of families), and 22 the poorest, single — species families (52.3 %). The top ten leading families contain 71 % of the total floral diversity. The high level of floristic diversity of the studied territory is due to the variety of ecological conditions of plant habitats (the valley of the Irtysh River with a high variation in moisture and salinity, a variety of rocks of the adjacent riverside uplands) and anthropogenic activities leading to an increase in weed and adventitious plant species.
本文对额尔齐斯河地区松林草本植物区系的生物多样性进行了分类、生物形态学和地理分析，共包括42科116属168种植物。草本植物的最大植物科分析表明，优势群落为黄花蒿(Artemisia L.) -黄花蒿(Festucaria Heist)。Fabr交货。蒿属(Artemisia L.， Festuca Heist)。Fabr交货。毛针茅(Stipa capillata L.);在所有研究点中，下列植物种是羊茅的优势种或共优势种。凤梨草(L.)Gaertn。毛针茅，花蒿，草苔。Wahlenb交货。植物区系以被子植物为基础，包括双子叶植物137种(81%);单子叶植物——28种(16.6%)。裸子植物以西洋松(Pinus sylvestris L.)和桧(Juniperus sabina L.) 2种和马尾木贼(equisetum arvense L. horsetail) 1种为代表。植物区系的丰富程度也从其分类组成的一些定量指标中得到了体现:一个科的平均物种饱和度为4个，最高可达36个。物种数量高于平均水平的富裕科有9个(占科总数的21.4%)，最贫穷的单一科有22个(占总数的52.3%)。排名前10位的科包含了全部花卉多样性的71%。研究区域植物区系多样性的高水平是由于植物栖息地的生态条件的多样性(额尔齐斯河流域的湿度和盐度变化很大，邻近河畔高地的各种岩石)和人类活动导致杂草和外来植物物种的增加。
{"title":"Taxonomic and ecological analysis of vascular plants of the pine forest of the Irtysh Region","authors":"Botakoz Yelkenova, R. Beisenova, Nurziia Shaikenovna Karipbayeva","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/151-157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/151-157","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a taxonomic, biomorphological, geographical analysis of the biodiversity of the flora of herbaceous species of pine forests of the Irtysh region, which is represented by 168 plant species belonging to 116 genera and 42 families. Analysis of the largest flora families of herbaceous species shows that the dominant communities are Artemisia L. — Festucaria Heist. ex Fabr. and Artemisia L. — Poaceae Barnhart (Artemisia L., Festuca Heist. ex Fabr., Stipa capillata L.) phytocenoses. In all the studied sites, the following plant species are dominates or codominants of Festuca rupicola Heuff., Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Stipa capillata L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Carex supina Willd. ex Wahlenb., Spiraea hypericifolia L. The flora is based on angiosperms, including dicotyledons — 137 species (81 %); monocotyledons — 28 species (16.6 %). Gymnosperms are represented by two species of Pinus sylvestris L., Juniperus sabina L., and there is also one species of Eguisetum arvense L. horsetail. The richness of the flora is also emphasized by some quantitative indicators of its taxonomic composition: the average species saturation of one family is 4, the maximum is 36. There are 9 rich families with the number of species above the average (21.4 % of the total number of families), and 22 the poorest, single — species families (52.3 %). The top ten leading families contain 71 % of the total floral diversity. The high level of floristic diversity of the studied territory is due to the variety of ecological conditions of plant habitats (the valley of the Irtysh River with a high variation in moisture and salinity, a variety of rocks of the adjacent riverside uplands) and anthropogenic activities leading to an increase in weed and adventitious plant species.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76594859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleftina Nikolayevna Danilova, Elena Alekseevna Isakova, Aidar Aitkazyevich Sumbembaeyv
The aim of the study is to select Agropyron pectinatum molds from different ecological and geographical places of growth in the natural populations of the Kalbinsky Altai according to a complex of morphological and economically valuable features and their introduction testing in the Altai Botanical Garden. Wild samples of various ecological and geographical origins served as the material for the study. The samples were evaluated during expedition trips on the territory of the Kalbinsky Altai. At the same time, classical methods in geobotany, seed production, and morphology were used. According to the research results, 5 groups of combshaped granary associations were evaluated based on a complex of morphological and economically valuable indicators of interest as a source material for creating highly productive pasture and hay lands in the arid regions of the Kazakh Altai. The dominance of morphometric and counting features of aboveground organs of Agropyron pectinatum in all examined associations was found at high and medium levels of variability, rarely at low and occasionally at very high. All the seed samples of Agropyron pectinatum in the culture of the Altai Botanical Garden turned out to be winter-hardy, with a full cycle of seasonal development, mediumflowering, responding to the conditions of culture by increasing the morphometric indicators of terrestrial organs, the mass of 1000 pcs. seeds and yields. Polymorphic and high-yielding 2 cultivated seed samples from the wheat-alfalfa and shrub-wheat associations were selected as promising for inclusion in the second stage of introduction as initial samples for breeding studies.
{"title":"Selection according to the complex of economically valuable traits of the crested wheatgrass varieties in the flora of the Kalbinsky Altai and their introduction in the Altai Botanical Garden","authors":"Aleftina Nikolayevna Danilova, Elena Alekseevna Isakova, Aidar Aitkazyevich Sumbembaeyv","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/33-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/33-41","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to select Agropyron pectinatum molds from different ecological and geographical places of growth in the natural populations of the Kalbinsky Altai according to a complex of morphological and economically valuable features and their introduction testing in the Altai Botanical Garden. Wild samples of various ecological and geographical origins served as the material for the study. The samples were evaluated during expedition trips on the territory of the Kalbinsky Altai. At the same time, classical methods in geobotany, seed production, and morphology were used. According to the research results, 5 groups of combshaped granary associations were evaluated based on a complex of morphological and economically valuable indicators of interest as a source material for creating highly productive pasture and hay lands in the arid regions of the Kazakh Altai. The dominance of morphometric and counting features of aboveground organs of Agropyron pectinatum in all examined associations was found at high and medium levels of variability, rarely at low and occasionally at very high. All the seed samples of Agropyron pectinatum in the culture of the Altai Botanical Garden turned out to be winter-hardy, with a full cycle of seasonal development, mediumflowering, responding to the conditions of culture by increasing the morphometric indicators of terrestrial organs, the mass of 1000 pcs. seeds and yields. Polymorphic and high-yielding 2 cultivated seed samples from the wheat-alfalfa and shrub-wheat associations were selected as promising for inclusion in the second stage of introduction as initial samples for breeding studies.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82644165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article describes a variety of microorganisms, isolated from oil reservoir waters of different oilfields that are main objects in studying the micrоbiаl еnhаnсеd оil rесоvеrу (МЕОR) methods. Microorganisms can generate a number of potentially useful metabolites (biomass, biosurfactants, bioacid, biosolvents, biopolymer, biogas) for oil recovery. These metabolites help to reduce the oil’s viscosity and the interfacial friction between oil and water as a surfactant, increase its porosity and permeability. The article discusses the taxonomic biodiversity of microorganisms of oil-formation waters of three active wells of the “Zhetybai”, “Kulsary”, and “Akingen” fields and from different oil deposits across the world for several years. The significance of oil microorganisms, their research, the importance of MEOR processes, comparison of oil microbes between international and Western Kazakhstan oil reserves and future of these microorganisms are widely studied. The article provides information on microorganisms, such as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., that are more immune to adverse shifts in environmental changes. These genera produce surfactants, gases, alcohols, acids, and biopolymers. The similarity of the taxonomic biodiversity of oil microorganisms of oilfields in Western Kazakhstan and their prospects, as well as the use of microorganisms from the distant countries’ oilfields in the MEOR processes are analyzed.
{"title":"Comparison of taxonomic diversity of microorganisms isolated from oil reservoir waters ofWestern Kazakhstan deposits with foreign oil fields","authors":"Nurkhanym Yerbolkyzy Tolegen, Damira Galymkyzy Ongdassynova, Kanat Bakhytuly, Anara Askarovna Ibatova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/127-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/127-135","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes a variety of microorganisms, isolated from oil reservoir waters of different oilfields that are main objects in studying the micrоbiаl еnhаnсеd оil rесоvеrу (МЕОR) methods. Microorganisms can generate a number of potentially useful metabolites (biomass, biosurfactants, bioacid, biosolvents, biopolymer, biogas) for oil recovery. These metabolites help to reduce the oil’s viscosity and the interfacial friction between oil and water as a surfactant, increase its porosity and permeability. The article discusses the taxonomic biodiversity of microorganisms of oil-formation waters of three active wells of the “Zhetybai”, “Kulsary”, and “Akingen” fields and from different oil deposits across the world for several years. The significance of oil microorganisms, their research, the importance of MEOR processes, comparison of oil microbes between international and Western Kazakhstan oil reserves and future of these microorganisms are widely studied. The article provides information on microorganisms, such as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., that are more immune to adverse shifts in environmental changes. These genera produce surfactants, gases, alcohols, acids, and biopolymers. The similarity of the taxonomic biodiversity of oil microorganisms of oilfields in Western Kazakhstan and their prospects, as well as the use of microorganisms from the distant countries’ oilfields in the MEOR processes are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88437649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31489/2022bmg3/109-116
U. Sarsembin, G. Batyrova, G. Umarova, Gulnur Urgushbaeva, Nuriya Yerkinovna Aikenova
This article discusses the results of chemical analysis of mobile forms of chemical elements (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co, Cd, Mb, Cr, Fe) in the soils of Aktobe city. Soil samples from 7 test plots in the territory of Aktobe city are studied. The concentrations of chemical elements are determined, and the concentration coefficients and the total index of soil pollution with heavy metals (Zc ) are calculated. The calculation results show that the level of soil pollution with heavy metals in 4–8 micro-districts and the area “Aviagorodok” is within Zc = 19.4–22.2 (16 < Zc < 33 is an average, moderately dangerous level), while in other studied zones it shows Zc < 16, i.e. low pollution.
{"title":"Ecological assessment of soil contamination of Aktobe city with heavy metals","authors":"U. Sarsembin, G. Batyrova, G. Umarova, Gulnur Urgushbaeva, Nuriya Yerkinovna Aikenova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/109-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/109-116","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the results of chemical analysis of mobile forms of chemical elements (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Co, Cd, Mb, Cr, Fe) in the soils of Aktobe city. Soil samples from 7 test plots in the territory of Aktobe city are studied. The concentrations of chemical elements are determined, and the concentration coefficients and the total index of soil pollution with heavy metals (Zc ) are calculated. The calculation results show that the level of soil pollution with heavy metals in 4–8 micro-districts and the area “Aviagorodok” is within Zc = 19.4–22.2 (16 < Zc < 33 is an average, moderately dangerous level), while in other studied zones it shows Zc < 16, i.e. low pollution.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77319049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31489/2022bmg3/123-126
G. Sultangazina, M. Steshenko, Yana Olegovna Novak
The article presents the study results on the cenopopulations of Adonis wolgensis in Northern Kazakhstan (2019–2021). The materials are obtained as a result of field research; literary data are considered. Based on detailed route studies, the structure of cenopopulations is given. Nine cenopopulations located in the Kostanay region are studied. Populations of A. wolgensis occupy areas from 300 to 1000 m2. The largest total projective cover is noted in forest clearings and along the outskirts of forests. The proportion of A. wolgensis in the total projective cover there is 1–5 %. The studied cenopopulations are characterized by contagious and random types of distribution of individuals in space; a uniform (regular) type is not recorded. An assessment of the vitality type of cenopopulations shows that five of the studied cenopopulations have a normal vitality type and four flourishing ones. Cenopopulations that are in an oppressed, depressed, and infertile states are not found.
{"title":"Cenopopulations of Adonis wolgensis Stev. in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"G. Sultangazina, M. Steshenko, Yana Olegovna Novak","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/123-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/123-126","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the study results on the cenopopulations of Adonis wolgensis in Northern Kazakhstan (2019–2021). The materials are obtained as a result of field research; literary data are considered. Based on detailed route studies, the structure of cenopopulations is given. Nine cenopopulations located in the Kostanay region are studied. Populations of A. wolgensis occupy areas from 300 to 1000 m2. The largest total projective cover is noted in forest clearings and along the outskirts of forests. The proportion of A. wolgensis in the total projective cover there is 1–5 %. The studied cenopopulations are characterized by contagious and random types of distribution of individuals in space; a uniform (regular) type is not recorded. An assessment of the vitality type of cenopopulations shows that five of the studied cenopopulations have a normal vitality type and four flourishing ones. Cenopopulations that are in an oppressed, depressed, and infertile states are not found.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76946579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31489/2022bmg3/197-202
Sayan Sauletuly Zhekenov, S. A. Talzhanov
Today, a lot of work is being done at the republican and regional levels to attract foreign tourists to Kazakhstan. In the Karaganda region, the activities in the sphere of image policy and popularization of tourist achievements of the region are implemented. The problem of improving the strategic management of the development of the tourism industry requires increase of interest to the research characterizing the relevance of the topic. Particularly, the problem of strategy formulation has not been fully solved, standards and indicators of the effectiveness of the tourism development strategy have not been formulated, the problem of measuring and differentiating the influence of external and internal factors on the implementation of the adopted strategy has not been considered, and there is no effective mechanism for implementing the adopted strategy. This article describes the process of tourism development in the Karaganda region.
{"title":"Social and economic assessment of the development of tourism sphere in the Karaganda region","authors":"Sayan Sauletuly Zhekenov, S. A. Talzhanov","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/197-202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/197-202","url":null,"abstract":"Today, a lot of work is being done at the republican and regional levels to attract foreign tourists to Kazakhstan. In the Karaganda region, the activities in the sphere of image policy and popularization of tourist achievements of the region are implemented. The problem of improving the strategic management of the development of the tourism industry requires increase of interest to the research characterizing the relevance of the topic. Particularly, the problem of strategy formulation has not been fully solved, standards and indicators of the effectiveness of the tourism development strategy have not been formulated, the problem of measuring and differentiating the influence of external and internal factors on the implementation of the adopted strategy has not been considered, and there is no effective mechanism for implementing the adopted strategy. This article describes the process of tourism development in the Karaganda region.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84395205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31489/2022bmg3/99-108
Akerke Kulaipbekova, A. Katasheva, Akmeiir Zhengiskyzy Zhenisova, Aigerim Uakitkyzy Baibekova
The use of enzymes or microorganisms in food products is a long-standing process. With the development of technology, new enzymes have been developed with a wide range of uses and specifics, and a new field of applications is still being studied. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and micromycetes and their enzymes are widely used in food preparations to improve taste and texture; they provide economic benefits for industry. The production of microbial enzymes has such advantages as simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and stability. The study of enzymes is of particular interest since enzyme preparations are widely used in various industries: agriculture, medicine, and genetic engineering. Enzymes of microbial origin as biocatalysts accelerate the process at a rate and order of magnitude higher than inorganic catalysts. This article examines the ability of the strain of micromycete Aspergillus niger L-4 — producer of citric acid to synthesize the enzyme invertase when cultured on a nutrient medium consisting of hydrolysate of rye grain grinding. Based on the study of invertase biosynthesis, it was found that the most preferable and cost-effective option for hydrolysis of rye grain grinding is the use of dosages of enzyme preparations: celloviridin — 4 units/g, amylosubtilin — 2 units/g and β-glucanase — 3 ed/g. Under these conditions, the content of soluble carbohydrates was (%): DE — 43.7±3.4, glucose — 16.8±1.3, maltose — 76.8±3.8, dextrins — 6.4±0.5 and the amount of acid is higher than in the variant without beta-glucanase.
{"title":"Study of invertase biosynthesis during fermentation by strain Aspergillus niger L-4","authors":"Akerke Kulaipbekova, A. Katasheva, Akmeiir Zhengiskyzy Zhenisova, Aigerim Uakitkyzy Baibekova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/99-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/99-108","url":null,"abstract":"The use of enzymes or microorganisms in food products is a long-standing process. With the development of technology, new enzymes have been developed with a wide range of uses and specifics, and a new field of applications is still being studied. Microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and micromycetes and their enzymes are widely used in food preparations to improve taste and texture; they provide economic benefits for industry. The production of microbial enzymes has such advantages as simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and stability. The study of enzymes is of particular interest since enzyme preparations are widely used in various industries: agriculture, medicine, and genetic engineering. Enzymes of microbial origin as biocatalysts accelerate the process at a rate and order of magnitude higher than inorganic catalysts. This article examines the ability of the strain of micromycete Aspergillus niger L-4 — producer of citric acid to synthesize the enzyme invertase when cultured on a nutrient medium consisting of hydrolysate of rye grain grinding. Based on the study of invertase biosynthesis, it was found that the most preferable and cost-effective option for hydrolysis of rye grain grinding is the use of dosages of enzyme preparations: celloviridin — 4 units/g, amylosubtilin — 2 units/g and β-glucanase — 3 ed/g. Under these conditions, the content of soluble carbohydrates was (%): DE — 43.7±3.4, glucose — 16.8±1.3, maltose — 76.8±3.8, dextrins — 6.4±0.5 and the amount of acid is higher than in the variant without beta-glucanase.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82268726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.31489/2022bmg3/117-122
A. Shibaeva, V. Shaikhutdinov, Bakhizhan Myrzabaevich Myrzabayev
The goal of this research experiment is to create a biological preparation based on predatory nematodes to control potato pests. 15 isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated: 13 were isolated from coniferous and mixed forests; 2 from soils of agricultural fields: 1 from a potato field, 1 from a field sown with perennial grasses. Nematodes were identified as Steinernematids based on the color of the corpses of larvae of Galleria mellonella and the morphology of males. Isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes from various habitats (forests, agricultural fields, grasslands) of Akmola and Pavlodar regions were isolated. Screening of isolates on the larvae of the seed nutcracker (Agriotes obscurus) was carried out. It is established that the wireworm is sensitive to all isolates. Of the 15 isolates tested, 12 of these isolates showed high mortality ability in relation to wireworm: about 50–70 % mortality in laboratory biotests; 3 isolates (AF 15, AF 22, and AS 36) could not cause more than 40 % of the average mortality of larvae. The screening results showed that the isolates AF 29, AF57, and KP76 are good isolates for further studies as a possible bioinsecticide agent against A. obscurus.
{"title":"Insecticidal potential of entomopathogenic nematodes of Northern Kazakhstan","authors":"A. Shibaeva, V. Shaikhutdinov, Bakhizhan Myrzabaevich Myrzabayev","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg3/117-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg3/117-122","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research experiment is to create a biological preparation based on predatory nematodes to control potato pests. 15 isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated: 13 were isolated from coniferous and mixed forests; 2 from soils of agricultural fields: 1 from a potato field, 1 from a field sown with perennial grasses. Nematodes were identified as Steinernematids based on the color of the corpses of larvae of Galleria mellonella and the morphology of males. Isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes from various habitats (forests, agricultural fields, grasslands) of Akmola and Pavlodar regions were isolated. Screening of isolates on the larvae of the seed nutcracker (Agriotes obscurus) was carried out. It is established that the wireworm is sensitive to all isolates. Of the 15 isolates tested, 12 of these isolates showed high mortality ability in relation to wireworm: about 50–70 % mortality in laboratory biotests; 3 isolates (AF 15, AF 22, and AS 36) could not cause more than 40 % of the average mortality of larvae. The screening results showed that the isolates AF 29, AF57, and KP76 are good isolates for further studies as a possible bioinsecticide agent against A. obscurus.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73842716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scientific article discusses the features of the development and location of crop production in the North Kazakhstan region, which is the main key branch of the agricultural cluster of the region and the basis for ensuring food security of the population. The purpose of the work is to identify the current state and trends in the development of the industry. Applying the economic and geographical method of research, the authors of the article conclude that ensuring food security both for the population of a particular region and for the country as a whole is possible by solving two main problems. This is a transition to an innovative way of development and acceleration of import products substitution. All this poses an important strategic task for the agro-industrial complex to increase the efficiency of production in agriculture, including crop production. The North Kazakhstan region, being one of the leading regions in the structure of agricultural production of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is the most interesting from a scientific point of view for studying the tasks set.
{"title":"Crop production of the North Kazakhstan region as the basis of the agricultural cluster and ensuring food security of the population","authors":"Galina Nikolayevna Chistyakova, Galiya Manapovna Salykbayeva, S. Dosmakhov, Kozhakmetova Laila Talgatovna Kozhakmetova, Aigul Oralovna Kulmaganbetova","doi":"10.31489/2022bmg2/168-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022bmg2/168-177","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific article discusses the features of the development and location of crop production in the North Kazakhstan region, which is the main key branch of the agricultural cluster of the region and the basis for ensuring food security of the population. The purpose of the work is to identify the current state and trends in the development of the industry. Applying the economic and geographical method of research, the authors of the article conclude that ensuring food security both for the population of a particular region and for the country as a whole is possible by solving two main problems. This is a transition to an innovative way of development and acceleration of import products substitution. All this poses an important strategic task for the agro-industrial complex to increase the efficiency of production in agriculture, including crop production. The North Kazakhstan region, being one of the leading regions in the structure of agricultural production of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is the most interesting from a scientific point of view for studying the tasks set.","PeriodicalId":9377,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series”","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74426367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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