Pub Date : 2022-06-01Epub Date: 2022-06-17DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000030
Xiaoyu Tan, Qingqing Yang, Xianming Cai, Yiming Tao, Suyu Gao, Lixia He, Yubin Zhao, Siyan Zhan, Hong Cheng, Haibo Song, Feng Sun
Objective: To describe patterns of utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods: Adult patients with COVID-19 who received TCM treatment were divided into a non-serious group (mild and moderate types) and a serious group (severe and critical types) according to their admission conditions. The medical records and prescriptions of these patients were investigated to determine their TCM utilization patterns.
Results: In all, 3,872 COVID-19 patients were included. Oral Chinese traditional patent medicine (CPM) was the most commonly used type of TCM, followed by decoction. The proportion of multi-drug combinations was higher than single drug use (55.0% vs. 45.0%). Decoction combined with oral CPM was the most common combination (39.1%, 1,514/3,872). Orally administered, injected, and externally applied CPM were significantly more common in the serious group than in the non-serious, while decoction and non-drug TCM treatments were more common in the non-serious than in the serious group. Multi-drug combinations were used for the majority of patients in both groups, mainly in the form of decoctions combined with oral CPM. Among the serious patients, injected CPM was more often used in patients who died during treatment (35.0%, 36/103). The two most common medication patterns were decoction combined with oral CPM and oral CPM alone in the two finally discharged groups. Oral CPM alone or used in combination with injected CPM were seen most commonly in the death group. Significant differences were established in TCM utilization and medication patterns among patients in three groups who had different prognoses and outcomes.
Conclusions: The treatment measures and medication patterns of TCM commonly used in COVID-19 patients with the range of conditions found in this study should be further explored in the future to provide a more complete reference for COVID-19 treatment.
{"title":"Analysis on the medication rule of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.","authors":"Xiaoyu Tan, Qingqing Yang, Xianming Cai, Yiming Tao, Suyu Gao, Lixia He, Yubin Zhao, Siyan Zhan, Hong Cheng, Haibo Song, Feng Sun","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000030","DOIUrl":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe patterns of utilization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult patients with COVID-19 who received TCM treatment were divided into a non-serious group (mild and moderate types) and a serious group (severe and critical types) according to their admission conditions. The medical records and prescriptions of these patients were investigated to determine their TCM utilization patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all, 3,872 COVID-19 patients were included. Oral Chinese traditional patent medicine (CPM) was the most commonly used type of TCM, followed by decoction. The proportion of multi-drug combinations was higher than single drug use (55.0% <i>vs.</i> 45.0%). Decoction combined with oral CPM was the most common combination (39.1%, 1,514/3,872). Orally administered, injected, and externally applied CPM were significantly more common in the serious group than in the non-serious, while decoction and non-drug TCM treatments were more common in the non-serious than in the serious group. Multi-drug combinations were used for the majority of patients in both groups, mainly in the form of decoctions combined with oral CPM. Among the serious patients, injected CPM was more often used in patients who died during treatment (35.0%, 36/103). The two most common medication patterns were decoction combined with oral CPM and oral CPM alone in the two finally discharged groups. Oral CPM alone or used in combination with injected CPM were seen most commonly in the death group. Significant differences were established in TCM utilization and medication patterns among patients in three groups who had different prognoses and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The treatment measures and medication patterns of TCM commonly used in COVID-19 patients with the range of conditions found in this study should be further explored in the future to provide a more complete reference for COVID-19 treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"2 2","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fb/02/hm9-2-91.PMC9407178.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000032
Paulina Duya, Yinxiao Chen, L. Bai, Zhaodong Li, Jiaying Li, R. Chai, Yuhong Bian, Shuwu Zhao
Abstract Due to the unique features of innate immune cells, the role of γδT cells in tumor immunity has gradually attracted more and more attention. Previous studies have found that γδT cells play a dual role in tumor immunology: tumor-promoting and tumor-controlling. The anti-tumor therapy of γδT cell has made remarkable success in clinical application. Especially in recent years, researchers have provided some novel effective ways such as γδT cell exosomes and adoptive chimeric antigen receptor-γδT cell immunotherapy. However, some problems remain to be solved, such as low expansion rate, poor targeting, and tumor microenvironment limiting the effectiveness of γδT immunotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine is expected to play a positive role in the body immune-enhancing function, promoting the proliferation and activation of γδT cells, and inducing the differentiation of γδT cells. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress and urgent problems of γδT cell in anti-tumor immunotherapy. Moreover, some new strategies of γδT cell for tumor immunotherapy were proposed.
{"title":"Nature products of traditional Chinese medicine provide new ideas in γδT cell for tumor immunotherapy","authors":"Paulina Duya, Yinxiao Chen, L. Bai, Zhaodong Li, Jiaying Li, R. Chai, Yuhong Bian, Shuwu Zhao","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Due to the unique features of innate immune cells, the role of γδT cells in tumor immunity has gradually attracted more and more attention. Previous studies have found that γδT cells play a dual role in tumor immunology: tumor-promoting and tumor-controlling. The anti-tumor therapy of γδT cell has made remarkable success in clinical application. Especially in recent years, researchers have provided some novel effective ways such as γδT cell exosomes and adoptive chimeric antigen receptor-γδT cell immunotherapy. However, some problems remain to be solved, such as low expansion rate, poor targeting, and tumor microenvironment limiting the effectiveness of γδT immunotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine is expected to play a positive role in the body immune-enhancing function, promoting the proliferation and activation of γδT cells, and inducing the differentiation of γδT cells. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress and urgent problems of γδT cell in anti-tumor immunotherapy. Moreover, some new strategies of γδT cell for tumor immunotherapy were proposed.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"237 1","pages":"78 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78540477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective: Process monitoring for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations is necessary to ensure quality of the product. A typical pharmaceutical process of TCM preparations consists of multiple manufacturing units, such as ethanol precipitation, concentration, and water precipitation, among others. Compared with the traditional practice of one prediction model for one unit, the global model covers the variation from samples with different backgrounds or processes and can be used to monitor intermediates from substeps. Methods: We used ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy to establish global models for a typical TCM preparation—Danhong injection. The concentrations of danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and hydroxyl safflor yellow A and the total phenolic and total sugar contents were quantified for every intermediate from operation units of Danhong injection. New samples prepared by mixing different intermediates were introduced for the calibration set to cover more variations. An accuracy profile was employed to validate the developed method from the aspects of specificity, trueness, precision, accuracy, linearity, and robustness. Results: The developed models showed a high determination coefficient (R2) value up to 0.97 and a low root-mean-square error of the prediction set. Five components of the models passed all validation tests, whereas the total sugar was not suitable for modeling with UV and was not applicable to the whole process. Conclusions: This study indicates that the global models of UV spectroscopy for the quantitative determination of phenolic acids are feasible and reliable with a simple, rapid, and non-destructive method.
{"title":"Development and validation of global prediction models for monitoring the manufacturing process of herbal medicine by ultraviolet spectroscopy","authors":"Jie Zhao, Zimei Zhou, Fang Zhao, Xu Yan, Jianyang Pan, Hai-bin Qu","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Process monitoring for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations is necessary to ensure quality of the product. A typical pharmaceutical process of TCM preparations consists of multiple manufacturing units, such as ethanol precipitation, concentration, and water precipitation, among others. Compared with the traditional practice of one prediction model for one unit, the global model covers the variation from samples with different backgrounds or processes and can be used to monitor intermediates from substeps. Methods: We used ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy to establish global models for a typical TCM preparation—Danhong injection. The concentrations of danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and hydroxyl safflor yellow A and the total phenolic and total sugar contents were quantified for every intermediate from operation units of Danhong injection. New samples prepared by mixing different intermediates were introduced for the calibration set to cover more variations. An accuracy profile was employed to validate the developed method from the aspects of specificity, trueness, precision, accuracy, linearity, and robustness. Results: The developed models showed a high determination coefficient (R2) value up to 0.97 and a low root-mean-square error of the prediction set. Five components of the models passed all validation tests, whereas the total sugar was not suitable for modeling with UV and was not applicable to the whole process. Conclusions: This study indicates that the global models of UV spectroscopy for the quantitative determination of phenolic acids are feasible and reliable with a simple, rapid, and non-destructive method.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"118 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87234448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000031
Xin-Ran Dong, Meng-Jiao Hu, Hui Pan, Ke-Feng Li, Yuan-Lu Cui
Abstract Objective: This study aims to clarify the effect of the active components puerarin and tetrandrine on the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods: Using network pharmacology, protein targets of puerarin and tetrandrine were predicted, and a database of cartilage formation targets was established. The protein target information related to disease was then collected, and the drug-targeting network was constructed by analyzing the protein–protein interactions. Genes related to chondrogenesis induced by puerarin and tetrandrine and chondroblast differentiation signaling pathways were searched. Finally, potential drug- and disease-related genes, as well as proteins, were screened and verified using real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. Results: Network pharmacological studies have shown that puerarin and tetrandrine are involved in BMSCs cartilage differentiation. The experimental results showed that puerarin and tetrandrine could regulate the expression of cartilage differentiation-related genes and proteins. Puerarin increased the protein expression of COL2A1, COL10A1, MMP13, and SOX-9, as well as the gene expression of Col2a1, Mmp13, Tgfb1, and Sox-9. Tetrandrine increased the protein expression of COL2A1, COL10A1, MMP13, and SOX-9, as well as the gene expression of Col10a1, Tgfb1, Sox-9, and Acan. The combination of puerarin and tetrandrine increased the protein expression of COL2A1, COL10A1, MMP13, and SOX-9 and the gene expression of Col2a1, Col10a1, Sox-9, and Acan. Conclusions: Puerarin, tetrandrine, and their combination can promote the proliferation of BMSCs and induce their differentiation into chondrocytes, and they are thus expected to be inducers of chondrogenic differentiation. These results suggest that puerarin and tetrandrine have potential therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis.
{"title":"Chondrogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by puerarin and tetrandrine","authors":"Xin-Ran Dong, Meng-Jiao Hu, Hui Pan, Ke-Feng Li, Yuan-Lu Cui","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: This study aims to clarify the effect of the active components puerarin and tetrandrine on the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Methods: Using network pharmacology, protein targets of puerarin and tetrandrine were predicted, and a database of cartilage formation targets was established. The protein target information related to disease was then collected, and the drug-targeting network was constructed by analyzing the protein–protein interactions. Genes related to chondrogenesis induced by puerarin and tetrandrine and chondroblast differentiation signaling pathways were searched. Finally, potential drug- and disease-related genes, as well as proteins, were screened and verified using real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. Results: Network pharmacological studies have shown that puerarin and tetrandrine are involved in BMSCs cartilage differentiation. The experimental results showed that puerarin and tetrandrine could regulate the expression of cartilage differentiation-related genes and proteins. Puerarin increased the protein expression of COL2A1, COL10A1, MMP13, and SOX-9, as well as the gene expression of Col2a1, Mmp13, Tgfb1, and Sox-9. Tetrandrine increased the protein expression of COL2A1, COL10A1, MMP13, and SOX-9, as well as the gene expression of Col10a1, Tgfb1, Sox-9, and Acan. The combination of puerarin and tetrandrine increased the protein expression of COL2A1, COL10A1, MMP13, and SOX-9 and the gene expression of Col2a1, Col10a1, Sox-9, and Acan. Conclusions: Puerarin, tetrandrine, and their combination can promote the proliferation of BMSCs and induce their differentiation into chondrocytes, and they are thus expected to be inducers of chondrogenic differentiation. These results suggest that puerarin and tetrandrine have potential therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"46 2 1","pages":"130 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83525564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000028
Yijia Liu, Zhu Li, Xu Wang, Tongyao Ni, Mei Ma, Yuanyuan He, Rongrong Yang, M. Luo
Abstract Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of Chinese patent medicine (CPM) in reducing the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) angina pectoris and improving clinical effectiveness and provide evidence for its use as clinical adjuvant therapy. Methods: Twenty-eight thousand five hundred and seventeen patients hospitalized with CHD angina pectoris from 6 hospitals were divided into CPM group (n = 11,374) and non-CPM group (n = 17,143) to evaluate the incidence of MACE, including myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: The incidence of MACE in the CPM group was lower than that in the non-CPM group. CPM therapy was an independent protective factor that reduced the overall risk of MACE [adjusted hazard ratio = 0.40, 95% confidence interval (0.33; 0.49)]. Patients in the CPM group who received one, two, or three types of CPM could benefit from adjuvant treatment with CPM, and taking more types of CPM was associated with a lower risk of MACE. In addition, the male population was better than the female population in taking CPM, and middle-aged people aged 55 to 64 were more suited to take CPM based on Western medicine. Conclusions: The use of CPM as adjuvant therapy can decrease the occurrence of MACE in patients with CHD angina pectoris, especially in men and middle-aged people, and the drug treatment plan should be optimized accordingly. However, this conclusion needs further verification by prospective cohort studies in the future.
{"title":"Effects of adjuvant Chinese patent medicine therapy on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with coronary heart disease angina pectoris: a population-based retrospective cohort study","authors":"Yijia Liu, Zhu Li, Xu Wang, Tongyao Ni, Mei Ma, Yuanyuan He, Rongrong Yang, M. Luo","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of Chinese patent medicine (CPM) in reducing the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) angina pectoris and improving clinical effectiveness and provide evidence for its use as clinical adjuvant therapy. Methods: Twenty-eight thousand five hundred and seventeen patients hospitalized with CHD angina pectoris from 6 hospitals were divided into CPM group (n = 11,374) and non-CPM group (n = 17,143) to evaluate the incidence of MACE, including myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: The incidence of MACE in the CPM group was lower than that in the non-CPM group. CPM therapy was an independent protective factor that reduced the overall risk of MACE [adjusted hazard ratio = 0.40, 95% confidence interval (0.33; 0.49)]. Patients in the CPM group who received one, two, or three types of CPM could benefit from adjuvant treatment with CPM, and taking more types of CPM was associated with a lower risk of MACE. In addition, the male population was better than the female population in taking CPM, and middle-aged people aged 55 to 64 were more suited to take CPM based on Western medicine. Conclusions: The use of CPM as adjuvant therapy can decrease the occurrence of MACE in patients with CHD angina pectoris, especially in men and middle-aged people, and the drug treatment plan should be optimized accordingly. However, this conclusion needs further verification by prospective cohort studies in the future.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"109 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75466680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objective: Sarcopenia causes loss of skeletal muscle and function, thus seriously affecting the physical function and quality of life in the elderly. This article discusses the specific molecular mechanism and ameliorating effects of Tudangshen (TDS) on sarcopenia in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Elderly Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly selected and fed with a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish T2DM model. The model rats were stratified and randomly divided into model group, metformin group, TDS high-dose group, TDS medium-dose group, and TDS low-dose group according to blood glucose combined with body weight, and the same batch of old SD rats were set as normal control group. The effects of TDS in an elderly T2DM sarcopenia rat model were evaluated by observing body positions of the rats, analyzing blood biochemistry, testing exercise capacity, and pathologically staining sectioned gastrocnemius muscle tissues. The molecular mechanisms of the effects were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results: TDS has no statistically significant effect on blood glucose, insulin and glycosylated serum protein in aged rats with T2DM, but it can reduce levels of glycosylated serum protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein; it improves pathological changes in rat gastrocnemius muscle tissues, and increases muscle cell activity in elderly rats with T2DM and sarcopenia. TDS also promoted the upregulation of the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding rotein1 mRNA in rats and triggered an increase in corresponding protein levels. Conclusions: TDS alleviated muscle decline in elderly rats with T2DM by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and regulating the synthesis of corresponding proteins.
{"title":"Campanumoea javanica Bl. activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces sarcopenia in a T2DM rat model","authors":"Xiang Zuo, Rongfei Yao, Linyi Zhao, Yinjiang Zhang, Binan Lu, Zongran Pang","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Sarcopenia causes loss of skeletal muscle and function, thus seriously affecting the physical function and quality of life in the elderly. This article discusses the specific molecular mechanism and ameliorating effects of Tudangshen (TDS) on sarcopenia in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Elderly Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly selected and fed with a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish T2DM model. The model rats were stratified and randomly divided into model group, metformin group, TDS high-dose group, TDS medium-dose group, and TDS low-dose group according to blood glucose combined with body weight, and the same batch of old SD rats were set as normal control group. The effects of TDS in an elderly T2DM sarcopenia rat model were evaluated by observing body positions of the rats, analyzing blood biochemistry, testing exercise capacity, and pathologically staining sectioned gastrocnemius muscle tissues. The molecular mechanisms of the effects were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results: TDS has no statistically significant effect on blood glucose, insulin and glycosylated serum protein in aged rats with T2DM, but it can reduce levels of glycosylated serum protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein; it improves pathological changes in rat gastrocnemius muscle tissues, and increases muscle cell activity in elderly rats with T2DM and sarcopenia. TDS also promoted the upregulation of the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ribosomal protein S6 kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding rotein1 mRNA in rats and triggered an increase in corresponding protein levels. Conclusions: TDS alleviated muscle decline in elderly rats with T2DM by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and regulating the synthesis of corresponding proteins.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"99 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73967914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000026
Miao-Miao Yang, M. Oppong, Jin Di, Qing Yuan, Yan-Xx Chang, Miaomiao Jiang, Shijie Cao, Pengzhi Dong, Lin Li, Yan Xie, Xia-gang Luan, Li-min Hu, Lijuan Chai, P. Zhang
Abstract Objective: Tribulus terrestris L. (T. terrestris) is a highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine used to treat stroke, inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, liver cancer, and urolithiasis. To identify the basic substance responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of TST (total saponins of Tribulus), its chemical composition was systematically studied, and its effect of inhibiting nitric oxide generation and the expression of related inflammatory factors were determined. Methods: To separate chemical constituents from T. terrestris by column chromatography. Spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, were used to elucidate the isolated compounds. The anti-inflammatory activities of TST and several compounds were evaluated in vitro. Results: Fifteen steroidal saponins, including 9 furostanol steroidal saponins (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 15) and 6 isospirostanol steroidal saponins (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14), were isolated from T. terrestris. TST significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. Compounds 13 and 15 evidently reduced TNF-α expression. Compounds 6, 10, 12, 13, and 15 markedly reduced IL-6 expression. Conclusions: Compounds 1 was a novel furostanol steroidal saponin, named 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-12-carbonyl-20(22)-en-3β, 26-diol-3-O-{β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside}. Compounds 2 was isolated from the family Zygophyllaceae for the first time, and 5 and 6 were isolated from the Tribulus genus. TST and compounds 6, 10, 12, 13, and 15 exerts anti-inflammatory activity.
摘要目的:蒺藜是一种治疗中风、炎症、肺纤维化、肝癌、尿石症的中药材。为确定蒺藜总皂苷(TST)抗炎作用的基础物质，系统研究其化学成分，并测定其抑制一氧化氮生成及相关炎症因子表达的作用。方法:采用柱层析法分离地皮的化学成分。利用一维和二维核磁共振波谱(NMR)和质谱(MS)等光谱方法对分离得到的化合物进行了鉴定。体外研究了TST及几种化合物的抗炎活性。结果:从地参中分离得到15种甾体皂苷，包括9种糠甾醇甾体皂苷(1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、15)和6种异螺甾醇甾体皂苷(9、10、11、12、13、14)。TST可显著降低脂多糖刺激的RAW 264.7细胞中肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6 (IL-6)的表达。化合物13和15明显降低TNF-α的表达。化合物6、10、12、13和15显著降低IL-6的表达。结论:化合物1为新型糠甾醇甾体皂苷，命名为26-O-β- d -葡萄糖吡喃基-(25R)-5α-糠甾醇-12-羰基-20(22)-en-3β， 26-二醇-3- o -{β- d -木糖吡喃基-(1→2)-[β- d -木糖吡喃基-(1→3)]-β- d -葡萄糖吡喃基-(1→4)-[α- l-鼠李糖吡喃基-(1→2)]-β- d -半乳糖吡喃苷}。其中化合物2为首次从蒺藜科植物中分离得到，化合物5和6为从蒺藜属植物中分离得到。TST和化合物6、10、12、13和15具有抗炎活性。
{"title":"Steroidal saponins with anti-inflammatory activity from Tribulus terrestris L.","authors":"Miao-Miao Yang, M. Oppong, Jin Di, Qing Yuan, Yan-Xx Chang, Miaomiao Jiang, Shijie Cao, Pengzhi Dong, Lin Li, Yan Xie, Xia-gang Luan, Li-min Hu, Lijuan Chai, P. Zhang","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Tribulus terrestris L. (T. terrestris) is a highly valuable traditional Chinese medicine used to treat stroke, inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, liver cancer, and urolithiasis. To identify the basic substance responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of TST (total saponins of Tribulus), its chemical composition was systematically studied, and its effect of inhibiting nitric oxide generation and the expression of related inflammatory factors were determined. Methods: To separate chemical constituents from T. terrestris by column chromatography. Spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, were used to elucidate the isolated compounds. The anti-inflammatory activities of TST and several compounds were evaluated in vitro. Results: Fifteen steroidal saponins, including 9 furostanol steroidal saponins (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 15) and 6 isospirostanol steroidal saponins (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14), were isolated from T. terrestris. TST significantly decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. Compounds 13 and 15 evidently reduced TNF-α expression. Compounds 6, 10, 12, 13, and 15 markedly reduced IL-6 expression. Conclusions: Compounds 1 was a novel furostanol steroidal saponin, named 26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-12-carbonyl-20(22)-en-3β, 26-diol-3-O-{β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-D-galactopyranoside}. Compounds 2 was isolated from the family Zygophyllaceae for the first time, and 5 and 6 were isolated from the Tribulus genus. TST and compounds 6, 10, 12, 13, and 15 exerts anti-inflammatory activity.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"41 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80266233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000025
Tsukasa Fueki, Itsuki Nose, Yan Liu, Koichi Tanaka, T. Namiki, T. Makino
Abstract Objective: Pinellia Tuber, the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata, is widely used in Japanese Kampo medicines and traditional Chinese medicines. The unprocessed Pinellia Tuber is known to cause very strong acrid irritation at oral and laryngopharynx mucosa. Recent studies have shown that the sharp needle-like crystals called raphides, that are composed of calcium oxalate and proteins, are the main causative substances of the irritation. Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, has been used in the processing to reduce the acridity of Pinellia Tuber since before the sixth century, however, the mechanisms of reducing acridity have not been scientifically proved yet. Methods: We developed the raphides denaturation assay (RDA) to quantify the degree of denaturation in the raphides to cause irritation. By their lipophilic characters, the raphides could be extracted in petroleum ether (PE) layer from powdered Pinellia Tuber suspended in water, and the contents of the raphides in PE layer were measured by the absorbance. By this assay, we conducted the activity-guided fractionation from the boiling water extract of ginger to find the ingredients to denature the raphides. We also conducted the gustatory tests to detect the change of the irritation of the denatured raphides. Results: The treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with ginger extract reduced the distribution of raphides in PE layer in RDA in a concentration-dependent manner. The activity-guided fractionation using RDA revealed that oxalic acid was the main active ingredient in ginger extract to denature the raphides of Pinellia Tuber. Oxalic acid reduced the lipophilicity of the raphides in the thermo-, time-, and concentration-dependent manners, and its activity was affected by pH. The treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with oxalic acid significantly reduced its acrid irritation in gustatory test in human. Conclusions: We found that oxalic acid is the main active ingredient in ginger to reduce the acrid irritation of Pinellia Tuber. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A10
{"title":"Oxalic acid in ginger specifically denatures the acrid raphides in the unprocessed dried tuber of Pinellia ternata","authors":"Tsukasa Fueki, Itsuki Nose, Yan Liu, Koichi Tanaka, T. Namiki, T. Makino","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Pinellia Tuber, the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata, is widely used in Japanese Kampo medicines and traditional Chinese medicines. The unprocessed Pinellia Tuber is known to cause very strong acrid irritation at oral and laryngopharynx mucosa. Recent studies have shown that the sharp needle-like crystals called raphides, that are composed of calcium oxalate and proteins, are the main causative substances of the irritation. Ginger, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, has been used in the processing to reduce the acridity of Pinellia Tuber since before the sixth century, however, the mechanisms of reducing acridity have not been scientifically proved yet. Methods: We developed the raphides denaturation assay (RDA) to quantify the degree of denaturation in the raphides to cause irritation. By their lipophilic characters, the raphides could be extracted in petroleum ether (PE) layer from powdered Pinellia Tuber suspended in water, and the contents of the raphides in PE layer were measured by the absorbance. By this assay, we conducted the activity-guided fractionation from the boiling water extract of ginger to find the ingredients to denature the raphides. We also conducted the gustatory tests to detect the change of the irritation of the denatured raphides. Results: The treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with ginger extract reduced the distribution of raphides in PE layer in RDA in a concentration-dependent manner. The activity-guided fractionation using RDA revealed that oxalic acid was the main active ingredient in ginger extract to denature the raphides of Pinellia Tuber. Oxalic acid reduced the lipophilicity of the raphides in the thermo-, time-, and concentration-dependent manners, and its activity was affected by pH. The treatment of powdered Pinellia Tuber suspension with oxalic acid significantly reduced its acrid irritation in gustatory test in human. Conclusions: We found that oxalic acid is the main active ingredient in ginger to reduce the acrid irritation of Pinellia Tuber. Graphical abstract: http://links.lww.com/AHM/A10","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"60 1","pages":"33 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91088308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000016
Lin Liu, Dan Wang, Mengyang Liu, Haiyang Yu, Qian Chen, Yuzheng Wu, Ruixia Bao, Y. Zhang, Tao Wang
Abstract Gout is a common of inflammatory arthritis and is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals as a result of hyperuricemia (HUA). Although HUA is considered to be the main risk factor for gout, only approximately 10% of the individuals with HUA will eventually experience a gout attack. In this review, we first briefly introduce the development of gout and then summarize several possible reasons for its development. Genetic factors play a more prominent role in gout than in other diseases; functional mutations related to urate control and innate immunity components have been found to be associated with gout. Here, we list some of the most prominent genes involved in the pathogenesis of gout. In joints with MSU deposition, mature macrophages may uptake MSU crystals without causing inflammation, and this helps to maintain joints in an asymptomatic state. As an auxiliary inflammation pathway, the ATP-P2X7R-NLRP3 axis may contribute to the amplification of MSU-induced inflammation to affect the development of gout. Finally, this review summarizes the research progress on natural products that can be used in the treatment of HUA and gout.
{"title":"The development from hyperuricemia to gout: key mechanisms and natural products for treatment","authors":"Lin Liu, Dan Wang, Mengyang Liu, Haiyang Yu, Qian Chen, Yuzheng Wu, Ruixia Bao, Y. Zhang, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gout is a common of inflammatory arthritis and is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals as a result of hyperuricemia (HUA). Although HUA is considered to be the main risk factor for gout, only approximately 10% of the individuals with HUA will eventually experience a gout attack. In this review, we first briefly introduce the development of gout and then summarize several possible reasons for its development. Genetic factors play a more prominent role in gout than in other diseases; functional mutations related to urate control and innate immunity components have been found to be associated with gout. Here, we list some of the most prominent genes involved in the pathogenesis of gout. In joints with MSU deposition, mature macrophages may uptake MSU crystals without causing inflammation, and this helps to maintain joints in an asymptomatic state. As an auxiliary inflammation pathway, the ATP-P2X7R-NLRP3 axis may contribute to the amplification of MSU-induced inflammation to affect the development of gout. Finally, this review summarizes the research progress on natural products that can be used in the treatment of HUA and gout.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"329 1","pages":"25 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76567912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.1097/HM9.0000000000000011
L. Gong, Guo-En Wang, Qing-Yu Ma, Wen-Zhi Hao, Min Xian, Yan-ping Wu, H. Kurihara, Rong-Rong He, Jia-xu Chen
Abstract Objective: Xiaoyao san (XYS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicinal formula. It has been clinically administered to regulate liver function. However, its mechanisms in glucocorticoid-induced hepatic steatosis are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether XYS protects against corticosterone (CORT)-induced hepatic steatosis, and to explore its mechanism. Methods: High-fat diet mice induced with hepatic steatosis by 2 mg/kg CORT were administered 2.56 g/kg or 5.12 g/kg XYS daily for 7 weeks. The effects of XYS on hepatic steatosis in mice were evaluated by H&E and Oil Red O staining and by measuring their plasma lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids). The mechanism of XYS against hepatic steatosis was investigated by network pharmacology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and gain-of-function/loss-of-function experiments. Results: XYS alleviated CORT-induced steatosis, decreased plasma lipids, and inhibited glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation in the liver. Network pharmacology data indicated that XYS may have mitigated hepatic steatosis via GR which mediated adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP). Gain-of-function/loss-of-function experiments in vitro confirmed that GR positively regulated ADFP expression. Conclusions: XYS ameliorated CORT-induced hepatic steatosis by downregulating the GR/ADFP axis and inhibiting lipid metabolism. Our studies implicate that XYS is promising as a therapy for CORT-induced hepatic steatosis, and lay the foundation for designing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies on CORT-induced hepatic steatosis.
{"title":"Novel insights into the effect of Xiaoyao san on corticosterone-induced hepatic steatosis: inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor/perilipin-2 signaling pathway","authors":"L. Gong, Guo-En Wang, Qing-Yu Ma, Wen-Zhi Hao, Min Xian, Yan-ping Wu, H. Kurihara, Rong-Rong He, Jia-xu Chen","doi":"10.1097/HM9.0000000000000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HM9.0000000000000011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective: Xiaoyao san (XYS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicinal formula. It has been clinically administered to regulate liver function. However, its mechanisms in glucocorticoid-induced hepatic steatosis are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether XYS protects against corticosterone (CORT)-induced hepatic steatosis, and to explore its mechanism. Methods: High-fat diet mice induced with hepatic steatosis by 2 mg/kg CORT were administered 2.56 g/kg or 5.12 g/kg XYS daily for 7 weeks. The effects of XYS on hepatic steatosis in mice were evaluated by H&E and Oil Red O staining and by measuring their plasma lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids). The mechanism of XYS against hepatic steatosis was investigated by network pharmacology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and gain-of-function/loss-of-function experiments. Results: XYS alleviated CORT-induced steatosis, decreased plasma lipids, and inhibited glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation in the liver. Network pharmacology data indicated that XYS may have mitigated hepatic steatosis via GR which mediated adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP). Gain-of-function/loss-of-function experiments in vitro confirmed that GR positively regulated ADFP expression. Conclusions: XYS ameliorated CORT-induced hepatic steatosis by downregulating the GR/ADFP axis and inhibiting lipid metabolism. Our studies implicate that XYS is promising as a therapy for CORT-induced hepatic steatosis, and lay the foundation for designing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies on CORT-induced hepatic steatosis.","PeriodicalId":93856,"journal":{"name":"Acupuncture and herbal medicine","volume":"01 1","pages":"49 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80077226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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