Expert opinion on drug delivery最新文献

Introduction: Conventional drug delivery for cancer therapy often suffer from poor targeting efficiency, limited bioavailability, and severe off-target toxicity. Nanoparticle-based approaches have emerged as transformative alternatives, particularly when integrated with microfluidic technologies. In the context of liver cancer, microfluidic-assisted polymeric nanocarriers provide a highly controllable and reproducible route for improving drug delivery outcomes.

Areas covered: We cover recent developments in polymeric nanoparticle systems; their integration with microfluidic fabrication platforms for liver cancer therapy; the ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents, achieve controlled release, and facilitate passive and active tumor targeting through physicochemical modulation and ligand functionalization; microfluidic-assisted synthesis, which enables fine-tuned control over particle size, surface chemistry, and payload distribution with minimal batch-to-batch variation; PEGylated PLGA, cyclodextrin-based, and stimuli-responsive polymeric nanocarriers, highlighting their potential in overcoming biological barriers and enhancing therapeutic index.

Expert opinion: Microfluidic-assisted nanoparticle fabrication represents a paradigm shift in the design and clinical translation of targeted therapies for liver cancer. By allowing real-time control over nanoparticle synthesis and enabling combination delivery strategies, this approach holds great promise for personalized and precision oncology. Continued integration of microfluidic engineering with biomaterial science and clinical insights is expected to accelerate the realization of safe, reproducible, and patient-tailored nanotherapeutics for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Introduction: Conventional drug delivery systems in cancer therapy face limitations such as poor targeting and adverse side effects. Nanoparticle-based approaches, particularly when integrated with microfluidic technology, have emerged as promising strategies to improve therapeutic precision and outcomes, especially in liver cancer treatment.

Areas covered: This review discusses recent progress in the use of nanoparticles and polymers for targeted drug delivery, highlighting their ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents and release them at specific sites. The role of microfluidic platforms in drug loading is emphasized, as they enable precise manipulation at micro- and nanoscale levels with minimal sample loss. Literature examining the use of polymer-based nanocarriers, microfluidic-assisted drug encapsulation, and their applications in overcoming tumor growth and liver cancer therapy is analyzed. The article also explores the advantages of microfluidics as a tool for fabricating complex nanosystems for controlled and efficient delivery.

Expert opinion: Microfluidic-assisted nanoparticle delivery represents a highly promising approach for advancing liver cancer treatment. With its potential to support combination therapies and enable intricate, customizable nanosystems, this platform is likely to shape the future of targeted cancer therapeutics.

Introduction: Once regarded merely as an iron-storage protein, ferritin is now recognized as a dynamic nanoplatform with significant applications in nanomedicine. By leveraging its intrinsic tropism for tumor cells together with its hollow cage structure, ferritin can be loaded with a variety of anticancer drugs.

Areas covered: Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements made in the use of heavy-chain ferritin (HFn)-based nanoparticles in oncology, with a specific focus on chemotherapy, phototherapy and imaging applications, while also broadening to include emerging developments in immunotherapy, in order to summarize the current state of the art. We identified relevant literature through PubMed and Scopus, focusing on studies published over the past five years. Our purpose goes beyond a basic description of applications, providing a critical discussion of their limitations within the oncology landscape and highlighting the current gap between research and clinical practice.

Expert opinion: While HFn nanocages show strong promise in vaccine development, their application in cancer treatment faces significant translational challenges. These include limited human data, variability in receptor expression, rapid clearance, and the need for more representative models and scalable manufacturing, though certain untargeted HFn-based systems as Gd-HFn and Dox-HFn appear closer to clinical readiness.

Introduction: With the rapid expansion of the biopharmaceutical industry, particularly in chronic disease treatment and immunotherapies, self-injection has emerged as a preferred method for patient-administered therapies.

Areas covered: Prefilled syringe (PFS)-based autoinjectors have become the most widely adopted self-injection devices due to their convenience, efficiency, and acceptance by patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers. Despite the growing interest and increasing FDA approvals for autoinjector products, comprehensive reviews focusing specifically on disposable PFS-based autoinjectors remain limited. This review addresses that gap by systematically analyzing based on data retrieved from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's official website, including FDA-approved New Drug Applications (NDAs) and Biologics License Applications (BLAs) since 1980.

Expert opinion: Furthermore, the technical challenges in incorporating injectable formulations into spring-driven autoinjector systems are discussed. This review aims to facilitate the development of safer, more efficient autoinjector platforms that enhance user experience and treatment adherence.

Introduction: Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are key mediators in different pathophysiological conditions, provide a unique opportunity for achieving targeted drug delivery. As such, ROS-responsive liposomes that undergo variable structural changes have emerged as promising tools for drug delivery purposes. These approaches show strong prospects for enhancing the selectivity of delivery to diseased cells through nanoparticle activation by aberrant ROS concentrations.

Area covered: This review describes elegant strategies for engineering ROS-responsive liposomes through lipid switch oxidation. These platforms exhibit improvements, including ROS-triggered release of encapsulated cargo, detachment of medicinal agents through prodrug strategies, programmed activation of cellular delivery, and photodynamic therapies. We describe how lipid switch design features can be leveraged to achieve these varying applications.

Expert opinion: ROS-responsive liposomes provide an adaptable approach for targeted therapy in environments associated with higher oxidative stress. We discuss how the attributes of each platform position these systems for overcoming practical issues, including stability, scalability, and clinical efficacy, as well as strategies for maximizing properties through continued innovation. In general, ROS-responsive liposome stability must be carefully tuned to be sufficiently stable to survive circulation but become activated within a window of ROS concentration that differentiates between diseased and healthy cells.

Introduction: The potential of nanomedicine in alleviating different disorders is immense, but its clinical translation rate is severely debilitated, despite promising preclinical study outcomes. For therapeutically successful targeted delivery of nanomedicines, it is crucial to understand why well-designed nanomedicines often fail during clinical trials.

Areas covered: This review comprehensively explores the multifactorial reasons behind the poor clinical success rate of nanomedicines, including pathophysiological complexity, limitations in statistical analysis, inadequate animal models, variability in the EPR effect, and manufacturing challenges. Special focus is placed on the misinterpretation and misuse of statistical tools in preclinical studies, which significantly reduces data interpretation and clinical predictability. The review is based on an in-depth literature survey of recent advances and failures in nanomedicine translation, with an emphasis on incorporating simulation models and synthesized data to overcome the challenges of statistics.

Expert opinion: Addressing translational gaps requires a multidisciplinary approach, refined preclinical models, robust statistical frameworks, and adaptive clinical designs that are essential. Innovative tools, such as CTGAN and personalized trial strategies, can bridge the preclinical-clinical divide. To realize the full potential of nanomedicine, it is crucial to resolve foundational issues in experimental design, data interpretation, analytical frameworks, and regulatory compliance.