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Effects of induced subclinical hypocalcemia in early lactation Holstein cows without milking during infusion on PTH and serotonin concentrations 输液期间不挤奶的荷斯坦奶牛泌乳早期亚临床低钙血症对 PTH 和血清素浓度的影响
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2024-0589
W. Frizzarini, J. P. Campolina, M. K. Connelly, H.P. Fricke, L. L. Hernandez
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引用次数: 0
Galacto-oligosaccharide production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus whole cells and lysates 保加利亚乳杆菌全细胞和裂解物产生的半乳寡糖
Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2024-0580
G. Guron, A. Hotchkiss, J. Renye, Adam M. Oest, Michael J. McAnulty
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive integration of factors affecting vitamin B12 concentration in milk of Holstein cows: genetic variability, milk productivity, animal characteristics, and feeding management 全面整合影响荷斯坦奶牛牛奶中维生素 B12 浓度的因素:遗传变异、产奶量、动物特征和饲养管理
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0535
M. Duplessis, Christiane L. Girard, Doris Pellerin, L. Fadul-Pacheco, R. Cue
: Daily vitamin B 12 (VB 12 ) requirements of humans can naturally be fulfilled by animal product consumption, especially products from ruminants because of bacteria dwelling in their rumen. Indeed, only bacteria can synthesize this vitamin. Milk is hence an excellent source of VB 12 . This cross-sectional study was undertaken to unravel factors, such as genetic variation, diet and cow characteristics, and milk production, explaining the large variation in milk B 12 concentration among cows by using an integrative approach. Milk samples from 2 consecutive milkings were collected from 3,533 Canadian Holstein cows (1,239 first, 932 s
:人类每天所需的维生素 B 12 (VB 12) 自然可以通过食用动物产品,特别是反刍动物的产品来满足,因为反刍动物的瘤胃中含有细菌。事实上,只有细菌才能合成这种维生素。因此,牛奶是 VB 12 的最佳来源。这项横断面研究采用综合方法,旨在揭示造成奶牛之间牛奶 B 12 浓度差异巨大的各种因素,如遗传变异、饮食和奶牛特征以及牛奶产量。研究人员从 3,533 头加拿大荷斯坦奶牛(1,239 头头等奶牛、932 头中等奶牛、2,533 头中等奶牛)中收集了连续两次挤奶的牛奶样本。
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引用次数: 0
Early life cow level risk factors for sole ulcers in primiparous dairy cows 初产奶牛鳎目鱼溃疡的早期奶牛风险因素
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2024-0544
Peter T. Thomsen, Hans Houe
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引用次数: 0
Approximation of reliabilities for random-regression single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor models 随机回归单步基因组最佳线性无偏预测模型的可靠性近似值
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0513
M. Bermann, I. Aguilar, A. A. Munera, J. Bauer, J. Šplíchal, D. Lourenco, I. Misztal
: Random-regression models (RRM) are used in national genetic evaluations for longitudinal traits. The outputs of RRM are an index based on random regression coefficients and its reliability. The reliabilities are obtained from the inverse of the coefficient matrix of mixed model equations (MME). The reliabilities must be approximated for large data sets because it is impossible to invert the MME. There is no extensive literature on methods to approximate the reliabilities of RRM when genomic information is included by single-step GBLUP. We developed an algorithm to approximate such reliabilities. Our method combines the reliability of the index without genomic information with the reliability of a GBLUP model in terms of effective record contributions. We tested our algorithm in the 3-lactation model for milk yield from the Czech Republic. The data had 30 million test-day records, 2.5 million animals in the pedigree, and 54,000 genotyped animals. The correlation between our approximation and the reliabilities obtained from the inversion of the MME was 0.98, and the slope and intercept of the regression were 0.91 and 0.02, respectively. The elapsed time to approximate the
:随机回归模型(RRM)用于纵向性状的国家遗传评估。随机回归模型的输出结果是基于随机回归系数的指数及其可靠性。可靠性是从混合模型方程(MME)系数矩阵的逆矩阵中获得的。由于无法反演 MME,因此必须对大型数据集的可靠性进行近似处理。目前还没有大量文献介绍在单步 GBLUP 包含基因组信息的情况下近似 RRM 信度的方法。我们开发了一种近似这种可靠性的算法。我们的方法将不包含基因组信息的指数可靠性与 GBLUP 模型在有效记录贡献方面的可靠性结合起来。我们在捷克共和国的三泌乳期产奶量模型中测试了我们的算法。该数据有 3000 万个测试日记录、250 万只血统动物和 54000 只基因分型动物。我们的近似值与 MME 反演得到的可靠度之间的相关性为 0.98,回归的斜率和截距分别为 0.91 和 0.02。逼近
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of internal and external teat sealants on cure and new infection risk in dry-off protocols for Holstein cows 在荷斯坦奶牛干离乳方案中,内部和外部乳头密封剂对治愈和新感染风险的功效
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2024-0574
J. McArt, M. Wieland
: Internal teat sealant products have been used alone or in combination with antibiotic dry cow treatment to prevent new IMI over the dry period in dairy cows. Conversely, knowledge about the efficacy of external teat sealants in the prevention of IMI is scarce. The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of 2 different teat sealants, one internal teat sealant and one external teat sealant, on the (1) risk of new IMI during the dry period, (2) risk of IMI cure, (3) first test day linear somatic cell score, (4) first test day milk yield, (5) incidence of farm-diagnosed clinical mastitis ≤ 30 DIM, and (6) incidence of culling ≤ 30 DIM. In a randomized clinical trial, Holstein cows (n = 1,500) from one commercial dairy were assigned to treatment and control groups. At dry off, cows in the treatment groups received an antibiotic dry cow treatment in combination with either an internal teat sealant (INT) or a single application of an external teat sealant (EXT). Control (CON) cows received the antibiotic dry cow treatment alone. Data on linear somatic cell score from the last DHI test day before dry off and the first test after calving, first test day milk yield, and the occurrence of farm-diagnosed clinical mastitis and culling ≤ 30 DIM were obtained from the farm management program. New IMI and cure of IMI during the dry period were calculated. Linear somatic cell score (mean ± SD) at first test day after calving differed among groups and was 3.2 ± 2.2 in CON, 2.8 ± 2.0 in INT, and 3.0 ± 2.1 in EXT groups. The risk of new IMI differed among groups and was 30.2% for CON cows, 18.2% for INT cows, and 22.6% for EXT cows. A Poisson regression analysis revealed that, compared with CON cows, the risks of new IMI were 40% lower for INT cows (risk ratio (RR) = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.88) and 25% lower for EXT cows (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.52 to 1.07). By contrast, no meaningful differences were documented for cure risk, clinical mastitis risk during the first 30 DIM, or culling risk within the first 30 DIM. In summary, cows dried off with an INT in combination with antibiotic dry cow treatment had a lower linear somatic cell score at first test day after calving and reduced risk of new IMI than cows dried off with an EXT in addition to antibiotic dry cow treatment or cows dried off using antibiotic dry cow treatment alone. Further, we found supporting evidence that cows dried off with an EXT in addition to antibiotic dry cow treatment might have an advantage in reduced new IMI over cows dried off with an antibiotic dry cow treatment alone.
:乳头内侧密封剂产品可单独使用,也可与抗生素干奶牛治疗结合使用,以防止奶牛在干奶期发生新的IMI。相反,有关外部乳头密封剂在预防IMI方面功效的知识却很少。我们的研究目的是调查两种不同的乳头密封剂(一种是内部乳头密封剂,另一种是外部乳头密封剂)对以下方面的影响:(1)干奶期新发IMI的风险;(2)IMI治愈的风险;(3)首个测试日的线性体细胞评分;(4)首个测试日的产奶量;(5)干奶期≤30天时牧场诊断为临床乳腺炎的发生率;以及(6)干奶期≤30天时淘汰的发生率。在一项随机临床试验中,来自一家商业奶牛场的荷斯坦奶牛(n = 1,500 头)被分配到治疗组和对照组。干奶时,治疗组奶牛接受抗生素干奶治疗,同时使用乳头内部密封剂(INT)或单次使用乳头外部密封剂(EXT)。对照组(CON)奶牛只接受抗生素干牛处理。干奶前最后一次DHI测试日和产犊后第一次测试的线性体细胞评分、第一次测试日的产奶量、牧场诊断的临床乳腺炎发生率和≤30 DIM的淘汰率等数据均来自牧场管理程序。计算干燥期新发生的IMI和IMI治愈率。产犊后第一个测试日的线性体细胞评分(平均值 ± SD)在各组之间存在差异,CON 组为 3.2 ± 2.2,INT 组为 2.8 ± 2.0,EXT 组为 3.0 ± 2.1。不同组别的奶牛发生新IMI的风险不同,CON组为30.2%,INT组为18.2%,EXT组为22.6%。泊松回归分析显示,与CON奶牛相比,INT奶牛新发IMI的风险低40%(风险比(RR)= 0.60,95% CI = 0.41至0.88),EXT奶牛低25%(RR = 0.75,95% CI = 0.52至1.07)。相比之下,在治愈风险、前 30 DIM 期间的临床乳腺炎风险或前 30 DIM 期间的淘汰风险方面,没有发现有意义的差异。总之,与除使用抗生素干牛处理外还使用EXT干牛或仅使用抗生素干牛处理的奶牛相比,使用INT干牛并结合抗生素干牛处理的奶牛在产犊后第一个测试日的线性体细胞评分较低,新发IMI的风险也较低。此外,我们还发现,有支持性证据表明,与仅使用抗生素干牛疗法干化的奶牛相比,除使用抗生素干牛疗法外还使用EXT干化的奶牛在减少新发IMI方面可能更有优势。
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引用次数: 0
Accounting for nuclear and mito genome in dairy cattle breeding - a simulation study 奶牛育种中核基因组和线粒体基因组的计算--模拟研究
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0522
G.M. Fortuna, B.J. Zumbach, M. Johnsson, I. Pocrnic, G. Gorjanc
: Mitochondria play a significant role in numerous cellular processes through proteins encoded by both the nuclear genome (nDNA) and mito genome (mDNA), and increasing evidence shows that traits of interest might be affected by mito-nuclear interactions. While the variation in nDNA is influenced by mutations and recombination of parental genomes, the variation in mDNA is solely driven by mutations. In addition, mDNA is inherited in a haploid form, from the dam. Cattle populations show significant variation in mDNA between and within breeds. Past research suggests that variation in mDNA accounts for 1–5% of the phenotypic variation in dairy traits. Here we simulated a dairy cattle breeding program to assess the impact of accounting for mDNA variation in pedigree-based and genome-based genetic evaluations on the accuracy of estimated breeding values for mDNA and nDNA components. We also examined the impact of alternative definitions of breeding values on genetic gain, including nDNA and mDNA components that both impact phenotype expression, but mDNA is inherited only maternally
:线粒体通过核基因组(nDNA)和线粒体基因组(mDNA)编码的蛋白质在许多细胞过程中发挥着重要作用,越来越多的证据表明,相关性状可能受到线粒体-核相互作用的影响。nDNA 的变异受突变和亲代基因组重组的影响,而 mDNA 的变异则完全由突变驱动。此外,mDNA 是以单倍体形式从母体遗传的。牛种之间和牛种内部的 mDNA 差异很大。过去的研究表明,mDNA 的变异占奶牛性状表型变异的 1-5%。在此,我们模拟了一个奶牛育种项目,以评估在基于血统和基于基因组的遗传评估中考虑 mDNA 变异对 mDNA 和 nDNA 成分估计育种值准确性的影响。我们还考察了育种值替代定义对遗传增益的影响,包括 nDNA 和 mDNA 成分都会影响表型表达,但 mDNA 仅由母系遗传
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引用次数: 0
Effect of nitrate supplementation on diurnal emission of enteric methane and nitrous oxide 补充硝酸盐对肠道甲烷和一氧化二氮昼夜排放的影响
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0541
Wenji Wang, Mogens Larsen, Martin Riis Weisbjerg, Anne Louise Frydendahl Hellwing, P. Lund
: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrate supplementation on diurnal enteric methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions in dairy cows. Four Danish Holstein dairy cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a 2 × 2 crossover design with 2 periods of 14 d duration. Cows were fed ad libitum with 2 experimental diets based on either urea or nitrate (8.6 g NO kg of DM 3 − / ) supplementation. Samples of ruminal fluid, blood, and rumen headspace gas samples were collected. Gas exchange was measured in respiration chambers during a 96-h period. N 2 O emission was calculated from the ratio between CH 4 and N 2 O in the rumen head space and the measured CH 4 emission. Nitrate supplementation resulted in a lower daily CH 4 production (g/d), CH 4 yield (g/kg of DMI), a lower CH 4 per kg of FPCM, a tendency of lower CH 4 intensity (g/kg ECM), and higher daily
:本研究旨在调查硝酸盐补充对奶牛昼间肠道甲烷(CH 4)和一氧化二氮(N 2 O)排放的影响。四头丹麦荷斯坦奶牛安装了瘤胃插管,采用 2 × 2 交叉设计,两个阶段持续 14 天。奶牛自由采食以尿素或硝酸盐(8.6 克 NO kg of DM 3 -/)为基础的两种实验日粮。收集瘤胃液、血液和瘤胃顶空气样本。在呼吸室中测量了 96 小时的气体交换量。根据瘤胃顶空气中 CH 4 和 N 2 O 的比例以及测量到的 CH 4 排放量计算出 N 2 O 排放量。补充硝酸盐会导致较低的 CH 4 日产量(克/天)、CH 4 产量(克/千克 DMI)、较低的每千克 FPCM CH 4 产量、较低的 CH 4 强度(克/千克 ECM)和较高的日产量(克/天)。
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引用次数: 0
Mycobacterium bovis vaccination and subsequent experimental infection outcomes are associated with changes in vitamin D status in dairy calves. 牛分枝杆菌疫苗接种和随后的实验感染结果与奶牛维生素 D 状态的变化有关。
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2024-0547
Rachel L. Lee, Kieran G. Meade, Shelley G. Rhodes, Tom Ford, Ilias Kyriazakis
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of gut microbiota with cryptosporidiosis based on fecal condition in neonatal dairy calves on a farm in Japan 根据日本一家农场新生乳牛粪便状况分析隐孢子虫病肠道微生物群
Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2023-0539
Yasuhiro Morita, Momoko Yachida, Keita Tokimitsu, Megumi Itoh
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引用次数: 0
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JDS communications
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