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Microsaccades Tracking by Secondary Speckle Pattern Analysis. 通过二次斑点模式分析追踪微注视
Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400184
Ola Shteinberg, Sergey Agdarov, Yafim Beiderman, Yoram S Bonneh, Inbal Ziv, Zeev Zalevsky

Here we propose a not pupil-dependent microsaccades tracking technique and a novel detection method. We present a proof of concept for detecting microsaccades using a non-contact laser-based photonic system recording and processing the temporal changes of speckle patterns scattered from an eye sclera. The data, simultaneously recorded by the speckle-based tracker (SBT) and the video-based eye tracker (Eyelink), was analyzed by the frequently used detection method of Engbert and Kliegl (E&K) and by advanced machine learning detection (MLD) techniques. We detected 93% of microsaccades in the SBT data out of microsaccades detected in the Eyelink data with the E&K method. By utilizing MLD, a precision of 86% was achieved. The findings of our study demonstrate a potential improvement in measuring tiny eye movements, such as microsaccades, using speckle-based eye tracking and, thus, an alternative to video-based eye tracking for detecting microsaccades.

在这里,我们提出了一种不依赖瞳孔的微注视跟踪技术和一种新颖的检测方法。我们提出了一种利用非接触式激光光子系统检测微注视的概念验证,该系统记录并处理从眼睛巩膜散射出的斑点图案的时间变化。数据由基于斑点的跟踪器(SBT)和基于视频的眼球跟踪器(Eyelink)同时记录,并通过常用的恩格伯特和克里格尔(E&K)检测方法以及先进的机器学习检测(MLD)技术进行分析。在 Eyelink 数据中使用 E&K 方法检测到的微注视中,我们在 SBT 数据中检测到了 93% 的微注视。通过使用 MLD,精确度达到了 86%。我们的研究结果表明,使用基于斑点的眼动仪测量微小的眼球运动(如微注视)具有潜在的改进空间,因此可以替代基于视频的眼动仪来检测微注视。
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引用次数: 0
Extracting Superficial Scattering by Q-Sensing Technique. 利用 Q 感应技术提取表层散射。
Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400262
Alon Tzroya, Hamootal Duadi, Dror Fixler

Optical properties determine how light interacts with biological tissues. The current methods for measuring these optical properties are influenced by both deep and superficial skin layers. Polarization-based methods have been proposed in order to determine the influence of deep layer scattering. Polarized light allows for the separation of ballistic photons from diffuse ones, enhancing image contrast and resolution while providing additional tissue information. The Q-sensing technique captures co-polarized I $$ left({I}_{parallel}right) $$ and cross-polarized I $$ left({I}_{perp}right) $$ signals, making it possible to isolate the superficial scattering. However, the random structure of tissues leads to rapid depolarization of the polarized light. Detecting where the light becomes depolarized aids in sensing abnormalities within the tissues. Hence, this research focuses on identifying where depolarization occurs within the tissue. Tissue-mimicking phantoms, simulating the optical properties of biological tissues, are created to measure depolarization at various thicknesses. Experimental findings are validated with a Monte Carlo simulation, modeling polarized light behavior through the polydisperse tissue (as the tissue scatterers are heterogeneous in size). Additionally, the research demonstrates how polarized light can extract the optical properties of the medium.

光学特性决定了光与生物组织的相互作用。目前测量这些光学特性的方法受到皮肤深层和表层的影响。为了确定深层散射的影响,人们提出了基于偏振的方法。偏振光可将弹道光子从漫射光子中分离出来,提高图像对比度和分辨率,同时提供更多组织信息。Q-sensing 技术可捕获共偏振 I ∥ $ left({I}_{parallel}right) $$ 和交叉偏振 I ⊥ $ left({I}_{perp}right) $$ 信号,从而有可能分离表层散射。然而,组织的随机结构会导致偏振光迅速去极化。检测偏振光去极化的位置有助于感知组织内的异常。因此,这项研究的重点是确定组织内发生去极化的位置。研究人员制作了模拟生物组织光学特性的组织模型,以测量不同厚度组织的去极化情况。实验结果通过蒙特卡洛模拟进行了验证,模拟了偏振光穿过多分散组织的行为(因为组织散射体的大小是不均匀的)。此外,研究还展示了偏振光如何提取介质的光学特性。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the Effect of Compression Pressure in Contact OCT Imaging on the Measurement of Epidermis Thickness. 研究接触式 OCT 成像中的压缩压力对表皮厚度测量的影响
Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400289
Zhiying Xie, Yaping Shi, Agathe Marmin, Ruikang K Wang

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive 3D imaging technique that offers significant advantages over traditional microscopy and biopsy in measuring epidermal thickness (ET) when assessing skin conditions. However, OCT imagining is often required to be in a contact mode for mitigating the issues of subject movement and uneven skin topology. It is not known whether the contact would affect the ability of ET measurements. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the contact pressure applied and the ET measurements. We observed progressive deformation in the epidermis with the increase of compression forces, where a notable decrease of up to 13% in ET measurement and 70% decrease in capillary vessels was noted when imaging was in contact mode. We also observed 8.1% less deformation properties in scar tissue than in nearby healthy tissue. Our study underscored the importance of controlled pressure in contact imaging mode, which is often neglected.

光学相干断层扫描(OCT)是一种无创三维成像技术,与传统的显微镜和活组织检查相比,它在评估皮肤状况时测量表皮厚度(ET)方面具有显著优势。不过,OCT 成像通常需要在接触模式下进行,以减少受试者移动和皮肤拓扑不均匀的问题。目前还不清楚接触模式是否会影响 ET 测量的能力。在本研究中,我们研究了接触压力与 ET 测量之间的关系。我们观察到表皮随着压力的增加而逐渐变形,在接触模式下成像时,ET 测量值明显下降达 13%,毛细血管下降 70%。我们还观察到疤痕组织的变形特性比附近的健康组织低 8.1%。我们的研究强调了在接触成像模式下控制压力的重要性,而这一点往往被忽视。
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引用次数: 0
Incorporating artificial intelligence in portable infrared thermal imaging for the diagnosis and staging of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. 将人工智能纳入便携式红外热成像,用于非酒精性脂肪肝的诊断和分期。
Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400189
Yana Davidov, Rafael Y Brzezinski, Monica-Inda Kaufmann, Mariya Likhter, Tammy Hod, Orit Pappo, Yair Zimmer, Zehava Ovadia-Blechman, Neta Rabin, Adi Barlev, Orli Berman, Ziv Ben Ari, Oshrit Hoffer

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide. Thermal imaging combined with advanced image-processing and machine learning analysis accurately classified disease status in a study on mice; this study aimed to develop this tool for humans. This prospective study included 46 patients who underwent liver biopsy. Liver thermal imaging was performed on the same day as liver biopsy. We developed an image-processing algorithm that measured the relative spatial thermal variation across the skin covering the liver. The texture parameters obtained from the thermal images were input into the machine learning algorithm. Patients were diagnosed with MASLD and stratified according to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) and fibrosis stage using the METAVIR score. Twenty-one of 46 patients were diagnosed with MASLD. Using thermal imaging followed by processing, detection accuracy for patients with NAS >4 was 0.72.

代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪肝(MASLD)是全球最普遍的慢性肝病之一。在一项针对小鼠的研究中,热成像与先进的图像处理和机器学习分析相结合,准确地对疾病状态进行了分类;本研究旨在为人类开发这一工具。这项前瞻性研究包括 46 名接受肝活检的患者。肝脏热成像与肝活检在同一天进行。我们开发了一种图像处理算法,用于测量覆盖肝脏皮肤的相对空间热变化。从热图像中获得的纹理参数被输入到机器学习算法中。患者被诊断为MASLD,并根据非酒精性脂肪肝活动评分(NAS)和纤维化分期使用METAVIR评分进行分层。46 名患者中有 21 人被确诊为 MASLD。使用热成像后进行处理,NAS>4患者的检测准确率为0.72。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of image formation in optical palpation. 光学触诊图像形成分析。
Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400180
R Jones, Q Fang, B F Kennedy

Optical palpation is an emerging elastography technique that generates two-dimensional images of mechanical stress at the tissue surface, with clinical applications such as intraoperative cancer detection and scar assessment. It has been implemented using various imaging systems, however, an analysis of how deformation of the sample and layer influences image formation has not been performed. Here, an analysis framework is presented, which assesses performance independently of the imaging system used. Optical palpation of varying samples and layers is simulated using finite element analysis and validated with experiments on silicone phantoms, providing a characterization of detectability, feature resolution, and contrast ratio. Using our framework, we demonstrate that computational optical palpation, which incorporates realistic assumptions of layer deformation, improves the feature resolution up to a factor of four. This framework can guide the development of optical palpation and aid in the selection of appropriate imaging system and layer properties for a given application.

光学触诊是一种新兴的弹性成像技术,可生成组织表面机械应力的二维图像,临床应用包括术中癌症检测和疤痕评估。该技术已通过各种成像系统实现,但尚未对样本和层的变形如何影响图像形成进行分析。本文提出了一个分析框架,可独立于所使用的成像系统评估性能。利用有限元分析模拟了不同样本和层的光学触诊,并通过硅胶模型实验进行了验证,提供了可探测性、特征分辨率和对比度的特征。利用我们的框架,我们证明了计算光学触诊结合了真实的层变形假设,可将特征分辨率提高达四倍。这个框架可以指导光学触诊的开发,并帮助为特定应用选择合适的成像系统和层特性。
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引用次数: 0
Delineation of gastrointestinal tumors biopsies using a fluorescence lifetime imaging optical fiber probe. 利用荧光寿命成像光纤探针划分胃肠道肿瘤活检组织。
Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400122
D Suraci, E Baria, L Tirloni, J L Lagarto, S Buccianti, C Agostini, S Pillozzi, L Antonuzzo, A Taddei, R Cicchi

Autofluorescence spectroscopy has emerged in recent years as a powerful tool to report label-free contrast between normal and diseased tissues, both in vivo and ex-vivo. We report the application of an instrument employing an optical fiber probe and capable of performing real-time autofluorescence lifetime imaging at a macroscopic scale, under bright background conditions. We validate and demonstrate the practicality of this technology to discriminate healthy against neoplastic tissue in freshly excised tumor biopsies. The capability of delineating tumor margins through processing the fluorescence decays in the phasors domain was demonstrated on four different types of cancer, highlighting the broad range of potential clinical applications for the proposed approach. The presented results suggest that our autofluorescence lifetime imaging probe, together with phasor analysis, can offer a real-time tool to observe lifetime contrast on tissues and, thus, is a suitable candidate for improving in situ tissue diagnostics during surgery.

近年来,自发荧光光谱技术已成为体内外报告正常组织与病变组织之间无标记对比的有力工具。我们报告了一种采用光纤探针的仪器的应用情况,该仪器能够在明亮背景条件下进行宏观尺度的实时自发荧光寿命成像。我们验证并展示了这项技术的实用性,它可以区分新鲜切除肿瘤活检组织中的健康组织和肿瘤组织。通过处理相位域中的荧光衰减,我们在四种不同类型的癌症上展示了划定肿瘤边缘的能力,凸显了所提议方法的广泛潜在临床应用。所展示的结果表明,我们的自发荧光寿命成像探针与相位分析相结合,可以提供一种实时工具来观察组织的寿命对比度,因此是在手术过程中改进原位组织诊断的合适候选方法。
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引用次数: 0
2nd Spring Biophotonics Conference in Porto. 波尔图第二届春季生物光子学会议。
Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202480001
Luís M Oliveira, Igor Meglinski, Israel Gannot, Valery V Tuchin
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引用次数: 0
Optical method supported by machine learning for dynamics of C-reactive protein concentrations changes detection in biological matrix samples. 机器学习支持的光学方法,用于动态检测生物基质样本中 C 反应蛋白浓度的变化。
Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300523
Patryk Sokołowski, Kacper Cierpiak, Małgorzata Szczerska, Maciej Wróbel, Aneta Łuczkiewicz, Sylwia Fudala-Książek, Paweł Wityk

In this article we present the novel spectroscopy method supported with machine learning for real-time detection of infectious agents in wastewater. In the case of infectious diseases, wastewater monitoring can be used to detect the presence of inflammation biomarkers, such as the proposed C-reactive protein, for monitoring inflammatory conditions and mass screening during epidemics for early detection in communities of concern, such as hospitals, schools, and so on. The proposed spectroscopy method supported with machine learning for real-time detection of infectious agents will eliminate the need for time-consuming processes, which contribute to reducing costs. The spectra in range 220-750 nm were used for the study. We achieve accuracy of our prediction model up to 68% with using only absorption spectrophotometer and machine learning. The use of such a set makes the method universal, due to the possibility of using many different detectors.

在这篇文章中,我们介绍了在机器学习支持下用于实时检测废水中传染性病原体的新型光谱学方法。就传染病而言,废水监测可用于检测炎症生物标志物(如拟议的 C 反应蛋白)的存在,以监测炎症状况,并在流行病期间进行大规模筛查,以便在医院、学校等受关注社区进行早期检测。在机器学习的支持下,拟议的光谱方法可用于实时检测传染性病原体,无需耗时的过程,有助于降低成本。研究使用的光谱范围为 220-750 纳米。仅使用吸收分光光度计和机器学习,我们的预测模型准确率就高达 68%。由于可以使用多种不同的检测器,使用这样一组光谱使该方法具有通用性。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of optical clearing agents on the scattering properties of human nail bed and blood microrheological properties: In vivo and in vitro study. 光学清除剂对人体甲床散射特性和血液微流变特性的影响:体内和体外研究。
Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300524
P A Moldon, P B Ermolinskiy, A E Lugovtsov, P A Timoshina, E N Lazareva, Yu I Surkov, Y I Gurfinkel, V V Tuchin, A V Priezzhev

Optical clearing agents (OCAs) are substances that temporarily modify tissue's optical properties, enabling better imaging and light penetration. This study aimed to assess the impact of OCAs on the nail bed and blood using in vivo and in vitro optical methods. In the in vivo part, OCAs were applied to the nail bed, and optical coherence tomography and optical digital capillaroscopy were used to evaluate their effects on optical clearing and capillary blood flow, respectively. In the in vitro part, the collected blood samples were incubated with the OCA and blood aggregation properties were estimated using diffuse light scattering techniques. The results indicate that OCAs significantly influence the optical properties of the nail bed and blood microrheology. These findings suggest that OCAs hold promise for improving optical imaging and diagnostics, particularly for nail bed applications, and can modify blood microrheology.

光学清除剂(OCAs)是一种能暂时改变组织光学特性的物质,可改善成像和光线穿透。本研究旨在使用体内和体外光学方法评估 OCA 对甲床和血液的影响。在体内部分,在甲床上涂抹 OCA,并使用光学相干断层扫描和光学数字毛细血管镜分别评估其对光学清晰度和毛细血管血流的影响。在体外部分,将采集的血液样本与 OCA 一起培养,并使用漫散射光技术估算血液聚集特性。结果表明,OCA 能显著影响甲床的光学特性和血液微流变学。这些发现表明,OCA 有望改善光学成像和诊断,特别是在甲床应用方面,并能改变血液微流变学。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the experimental absorption spectrum of the rabbit lung and identification of its components. 分析兔肺的实验吸收光谱并确定其成分。
Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300494
Maria R Pinheiro, Valery V Tuchin, Luís M Oliveira

The broadband absorption coefficient spectrum of the rabbit lung presents some particular characteristics that allow the identification of the chromophores in this tissue. By performing a weighted combination of the absorption spectra of water, hemoglobin, DNA, proteins and the pigments melanin and lipofuscin, it was possible to obtain a good match to the experimental absorption spectrum of the lung. Such reconstruction provided reasonable information about the contents of the tissue components in the lung tissue, and allowed to identify a similar accumulation of melanin and lipofuscin.

兔肺的宽带吸收系数光谱呈现出一些特殊的特征,可用于识别该组织中的发色团。通过对水、血红蛋白、DNA、蛋白质以及色素黑色素和脂褐素的吸收光谱进行加权组合,可以获得与肺实验吸收光谱的良好匹配。这种重建提供了有关肺组织中组织成分含量的合理信息,并可确定黑色素和脂褐素的类似积累。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of biophotonics
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