Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.02
V. Distanov, L. Myronenko, V. Kadochkina, A. Porodnov, N. Kibenko
A large number of organic compounds, capable to luminesce under influence of various types of radiation, are known nowadays. These substances are called luminophores. Features of the chemical structure of these compounds determine their luminescent properties and behavior of a specific luminophore molecules in one or another environment. Possessing a number of spectral properties, luminophores are widely used in many spheres of human a ctivity. Their usage in biology and medicine plays an important role. Number of new methods of biological research, developed on the basis of luminescent dyes, is growing very quickly. This explains the need for synthesis of new luminescent dyes. Bright and water-soluble fluorescent dyes, for example, are important for sensitive detection of DNA via fluorescent probes. Currently, search for new potential antiviral agents is divided in two main strategies. One trend concerns synthesis of new derivatives of already existing antiviral drugs; chemical synthesis of such compounds is aimed at creating a new, more effective drug. Another trend in work on new antiviral drugs is the search for natural compounds, mainly of plant origin, in order to obtain potential chemotherapeutic agents. An interesting object of synthesis is formazans -- a class of organic substances with various biological activities.Biological and industrial application of formazans begins with their use as analytical reagents and dyes, and ends, primarily interesting for us, with their usage in pharmacology. They found wide practical usage as dyes, indicators of redox reactions, etc. In medicine, formazans are used due to their antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, analgesic, anthelmintic and other properties. Many formazans are used in medicine as indicators of cancer cells, drugs against tuberculosis, influenza, and fungal diseases. Important advantage in of formazans synthesis is fairly easy and cheap methods of their production, available starting materials and speed of synthesis processes. In addition, an interesting direction in search for effective substances is the synthesis of formazans with luminescent properties, which significantly expand areas of their application. In our case, such organic luminophores are formazanonaphthalimides and formazanoacenaphthenquinones, which are close to them in structure.
{"title":"BIFLUOROPHORES BASED ON NAPHTHALIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES","authors":"V. Distanov, L. Myronenko, V. Kadochkina, A. Porodnov, N. Kibenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of organic compounds, capable to luminesce under influence of various types of radiation, are known nowadays. These substances are called luminophores. Features of the chemical structure of these compounds determine their luminescent properties and behavior of a specific luminophore molecules in one or another environment. Possessing a number of spectral properties, luminophores are widely used in many spheres of human a ctivity. Their usage in biology and medicine plays an important role. Number of new methods of biological research, developed on the basis of luminescent dyes, is growing very quickly. This explains the need for synthesis of new luminescent dyes. Bright and water-soluble fluorescent dyes, for example, are important for sensitive detection of DNA via fluorescent probes. Currently, search for new potential antiviral agents is divided in two main strategies. One trend concerns synthesis of new derivatives of already existing antiviral drugs; chemical synthesis of such compounds is aimed at creating a new, more effective drug. Another trend in work on new antiviral drugs is the search for natural compounds, mainly of plant origin, in order to obtain potential chemotherapeutic agents. An interesting object of synthesis is formazans -- a class of organic substances with various biological activities.Biological and industrial application of formazans begins with their use as analytical reagents and dyes, and ends, primarily interesting for us, with their usage in pharmacology. They found wide practical usage as dyes, indicators of redox reactions, etc. In medicine, formazans are used due to their antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, analgesic, anthelmintic and other properties. Many formazans are used in medicine as indicators of cancer cells, drugs against tuberculosis, influenza, and fungal diseases. Important advantage in of formazans synthesis is fairly easy and cheap methods of their production, available starting materials and speed of synthesis processes. In addition, an interesting direction in search for effective substances is the synthesis of formazans with luminescent properties, which significantly expand areas of their application. In our case, such organic luminophores are formazanonaphthalimides and formazanoacenaphthenquinones, which are close to them in structure.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73386021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.08
Y. Pyrozhenko
With the help of the proposed circuit of EMT, the method of simultaneous measurements of the static characteristics of the magnetic fluid: specific electrical conductivity χt, magnetic susceptibility kt and temperature t of the magnetic fluid, which is recommended to be used for wastewater treatment of breweries, was investigated. A combined method of cleaning has been developed and the appropriate technological scheme has been improved, which provides, together with the use of mechanical cleaning devices, the use of an additional filter for magnetizing wastewater samples, which includes a special zone for the introduction of a pre-calculated magnetic liquid. Thus, in the process of wastewater treatment, mini-breweries using the proposed combined method, after applying methods of pre mechanical cleaning, use the wastewater interaction and the magnetic fluid: after intensive stirring of the mixture, the droplets of magnetic fluid dissolve in impurities and a weakly magnetic fluid is formed, which enters the magnetic separator for further cleaning. A rational ratio of wastewater: magnetic fluid (WW:MF), WW:MF = 8,7‧10-3: 1 was found. A comparison of the data obtained using informative methods with the data given in the regulatory documents witness the effectiveness of the proposed combined method of beer wastewater treatment in relation to the norms of water discharge into the city sewer, namely, the hydrogen pH indicator decreases as a result of the treatment by 34.6%, COD by 7.14 times, BOD5 by 1.52 times, suspended substances by 1.52 times, calcium cations Ca2+ by 1.53 times, magnesium cations Mg2+ by 1.51 times, total hardness dH by 1.64 times, carbonate hardness KH by 1, 86 times.
{"title":"COMBINED METHOD OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF A SMALL-CAPACITY BREWERY","authors":"Y. Pyrozhenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.08","url":null,"abstract":"With the help of the proposed circuit of EMT, the method of simultaneous measurements of the static characteristics of the magnetic fluid: specific electrical conductivity χt, magnetic susceptibility kt and temperature t of the magnetic fluid, which is recommended to be used for wastewater treatment of breweries, was investigated. A combined method of cleaning has been developed and the appropriate technological scheme has been improved, which provides, together with the use of mechanical cleaning devices, the use of an additional filter for magnetizing wastewater samples, which includes a special zone for the introduction of a pre-calculated magnetic liquid. Thus, in the process of wastewater treatment, mini-breweries using the proposed combined method, after applying methods of pre mechanical cleaning, use the wastewater interaction and the magnetic fluid: after intensive stirring of the mixture, the droplets of magnetic fluid dissolve in impurities and a weakly magnetic fluid is formed, which enters the magnetic separator for further cleaning. A rational ratio of wastewater: magnetic fluid (WW:MF), WW:MF = 8,7‧10-3: 1 was found. A comparison of the data obtained using informative methods with the data given in the regulatory documents witness the effectiveness of the proposed combined method of beer wastewater treatment in relation to the norms of water discharge into the city sewer, namely, the hydrogen pH indicator decreases as a result of the treatment by 34.6%, COD by 7.14 times, BOD5 by 1.52 times, suspended substances by 1.52 times, calcium cations Ca2+ by 1.53 times, magnesium cations Mg2+ by 1.51 times, total hardness dH by 1.64 times, carbonate hardness KH by 1, 86 times.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83421828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.04
M. Zinchenko, O. Hetta
The problem of water sources protection and access to drinking water is an important priority for the entire world community. The discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater into open water bodies leads to a violation of their ecological balance, the complete death of aerobic organisms and the development of decay processes. Therefore, ensuring effective wastewater purification from pollution is a task of current interest. Perhaps, among the systems currently used for wastewater treatment, biological methods occupy the most important place. However, the issue of such methods is the increased technogenic load on the environment due to sufficiently large volumes of excess activated sludge, which leads to the necessity of using equipment for its processing and storage and does not allow the creation of a closed technological cycle for wastewater treatment. The new technology of biological wastewater treatment through vermifiltration, that is, with the use of earthworms, is devoid of all the above disadvantages and can be used to treat domestic and industrial wastewater. The technology is based on the ability of earthworms to work as "biofilters". They absorb organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater, digest them and release them as their excrement (coprolites) into the environment. With such processing of wastewater, takes place the cleaning, disinfection, detoxication of the water, as well as the transformation of organic and inorganic components into an organo-mineral fertilizer - vermicompost and earthworm biomass, which can serve as a raw material for the feed and pharmaceutical industries
{"title":"TECHNOLOGY WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING METHOD OF THE VERMIFILTRATION","authors":"M. Zinchenko, O. Hetta","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.04","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of water sources protection and access to drinking water is an important priority for the entire world community. The discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated wastewater into open water bodies leads to a violation of their ecological balance, the complete death of aerobic organisms and the development of decay processes. Therefore, ensuring effective wastewater purification from pollution is a task of current interest. \u0000Perhaps, among the systems currently used for wastewater treatment, biological methods occupy the most important place. However, the issue of such methods is the increased technogenic load on the environment due to sufficiently large volumes of excess activated sludge, which leads to the necessity of using equipment for its processing and storage and does not allow the creation of a closed technological cycle for wastewater treatment. \u0000The new technology of biological wastewater treatment through vermifiltration, that is, with the use of earthworms, is devoid of all the above disadvantages and can be used to treat domestic and industrial wastewater. The technology is based on the ability of earthworms to work as \"biofilters\". They absorb organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater, digest them and release them as their excrement (coprolites) into the environment. With such processing of wastewater, takes place the cleaning, disinfection, detoxication of the water, as well as the transformation of organic and inorganic components into an organo-mineral fertilizer - vermicompost and earthworm biomass, which can serve as a raw material for the feed and pharmaceutical industries","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84554711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.03
O. Zelenskii
The article deals with the effect of the coke resistance index CSR (Coke Strength after Reaction) on the technical and economic indicators of the blast furnace process. It is shown that in the production of metallurgical coke using volume-modifying additives in the amount of 0.25% by weight of the coal load, its strength improves, in particular, index CSR. As a volume-modifying additives, α-Al2O3 electrocorundum and α-SiC carborundum with a particle size of <45 μm and vibromilenum α-SiC carborundum with a particle size <12 μm were used. Due to the introduction of fine powders of electrocorundum and carborundum into the coal charge, the maximum increase in the coke post-reaction strength index (CSR) by 7.6% was obtained. The influence of changes in individual indicators of coke quality on its consumption and productivity of the blast furnace was assessed in accordance with the guidance document of the metallurgical division of Metinvest Holding LLC. This document contains a detailed methodology for use in analyzing fluctuations in specific coke consumption and throughput of blast furnaces influenced by changes in blast furnace process parameters (by factor analysis). This technique is based on quantitative relationships between changing parameters (factors) and specific coke consumption (blast furnace productivity). There has been made an expert technical and economic assessment of the feasibility of introducing 0.25% fine powdered α-Al2O3 and α-SiC powders into the mixture from the point of view of blast-furnace production with pulverized fuel injection technology. The results show that, despite the increase in the cost of coke with the introduction of volume-modifying additives into the mixture, a reduction in the cost of iron can be achieved due to the expected reduction in the specific consumption of coke due to an increase in its post-reaction strength.
{"title":"THE ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECT OF COKE, OBTAINED WITH PARTICIPATION OF VOLUME-MODIFYING ADDITIVES, ON THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF BLUST FURNACE SMELTING","authors":"O. Zelenskii","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the effect of the coke resistance index CSR (Coke Strength after Reaction) on the technical and economic indicators of the blast furnace process. It is shown that in the production of metallurgical coke using volume-modifying additives in the amount of 0.25% by weight of the coal load, its strength improves, in particular, index CSR. As a volume-modifying additives, α-Al2O3 electrocorundum and α-SiC carborundum with a particle size of <45 μm and vibromilenum α-SiC carborundum with a particle size <12 μm were used. \u0000Due to the introduction of fine powders of electrocorundum and carborundum into the coal charge, the maximum increase in the coke post-reaction strength index (CSR) by 7.6% was obtained. \u0000The influence of changes in individual indicators of coke quality on its consumption and productivity of the blast furnace was assessed in accordance with the guidance document of the metallurgical division of Metinvest Holding LLC. This document contains a detailed methodology for use in analyzing fluctuations in specific coke consumption and throughput of blast furnaces influenced by changes in blast furnace process parameters (by factor analysis). This technique is based on quantitative relationships between changing parameters (factors) and specific coke consumption (blast furnace productivity). \u0000There has been made an expert technical and economic assessment of the feasibility of introducing 0.25% fine powdered α-Al2O3 and α-SiC powders into the mixture from the point of view of blast-furnace production with pulverized fuel injection technology. The results show that, despite the increase in the cost of coke with the introduction of volume-modifying additives into the mixture, a reduction in the cost of iron can be achieved due to the expected reduction in the specific consumption of coke due to an increase in its post-reaction strength.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82602322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.05
A. Korohodska, H. Shabanova, N. Deviatova, M. Volobuev
The results of theoretical calculations of the subsolidus structure of the four-component system MgO – CaO – Al2O3 – Cr2O3 are presented, taking into account the three-component compound Сa6Al4Cr2O15. Thermodynamic and geometric topological analysis methods were used to establish stable conodes in the specified system. When dividing the concentration tetrahedron MgO – CaO – Al2O3 – Cr2O3 into elementary ones with the involvement of a geometro-topological analysis, it is possible to make an unambiguous closure to the elementary tetrahedron of faces with incident edges (connodes) through a common vertex. The use of this method allows to minimize the number of necessary thermodynamic calculations. The tetrahedra of the MgO – CaO – Al2O3 – Cr2O3 system, taking into account the stable phases, is caused by the presence of three "internal" conodes passing through the three-dimensional space of the concentration tetrahedron: Сa6Al4Cr2O15 – MgO; MgCa3Al4O10 – CaCr2O4, CaCr2O4 – MgAl2O4, which determine the presence of 14 elementary tetrahedra in the subsolidus region. The lengths of conodes and volumes of elementary tetrahedra were calculated taking into account barycentric coordinates and elements of Euclidean geometry. The phases included in the composition of the tetrahedron with the largest relative volume and the smallest asymmetry CaCr2O4 – СaAl2O4 –MgAl2O4 – MgO (185.6 ‰ and 2.55, respectively) have the highest probability of existence in the system, which will allow the development of a sustainable technology for creating composite materials based on calcium aluminochromite cement, with periclase as an aggregate, without special techniques dosage of initial components. At the same time, in the event of a violation of the technological process, magnesium aluminate spinel will be synthesized in the composition of the unformed material, which will not lead to deterioration of the performance characteristics of the composite used. It should be noted that elementary tetrahedra with a high degree of asymmetry, which require appropriate dosage accuracy when predicting the phase composition of synthesized composite materials, are located in areas of the system that are not technologically advantageous from the point of view of obtaining unformed refractories based on special binder materials, and are interest for materials scientists in the ceramic and refractory industries.
{"title":"REFINEMENT OF THE FOUR-COMPONENT SYSTEM MgO – CaO – Al2O3 – Cr2O3 SUB-SOLIDUS STRUCTURE INCLUDING THE Сa6Al4Cr2O15 COMPOUND","authors":"A. Korohodska, H. Shabanova, N. Deviatova, M. Volobuev","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"The results of theoretical calculations of the subsolidus structure of the four-component system MgO – CaO – Al2O3 – Cr2O3 are presented, taking into account the three-component compound Сa6Al4Cr2O15. Thermodynamic and geometric topological analysis methods were used to establish stable conodes in the specified system. When dividing the concentration tetrahedron MgO – CaO – Al2O3 – Cr2O3 into elementary ones with the involvement of a geometro-topological analysis, it is possible to make an unambiguous closure to the elementary tetrahedron of faces with incident edges (connodes) through a common vertex. The use of this method allows to minimize the number of necessary thermodynamic calculations. The tetrahedra of the MgO – CaO – Al2O3 – Cr2O3 system, taking into account the stable phases, is caused by the presence of three \"internal\" conodes passing through the three-dimensional space of the concentration tetrahedron: Сa6Al4Cr2O15 – MgO; MgCa3Al4O10 – CaCr2O4, CaCr2O4 – MgAl2O4, which determine the presence of 14 elementary tetrahedra in the subsolidus region. The lengths of conodes and volumes of elementary tetrahedra were calculated taking into account barycentric coordinates and elements of Euclidean geometry. The phases included in the composition of the tetrahedron with the largest relative volume and the smallest asymmetry CaCr2O4 – СaAl2O4 –MgAl2O4 – MgO (185.6 ‰ and 2.55, respectively) have the highest probability of existence in the system, which will allow the development of a sustainable technology for creating composite materials based on calcium aluminochromite cement, with periclase as an aggregate, without special techniques dosage of initial components. At the same time, in the event of a violation of the technological process, magnesium aluminate spinel will be synthesized in the composition of the unformed material, which will not lead to deterioration of the performance characteristics of the composite used. It should be noted that elementary tetrahedra with a high degree of asymmetry, which require appropriate dosage accuracy when predicting the phase composition of synthesized composite materials, are located in areas of the system that are not technologically advantageous from the point of view of obtaining unformed refractories based on special binder materials, and are interest for materials scientists in the ceramic and refractory industries.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85295965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.06
K. Kravchenko, G. Tulsky
The existing methods of regeneration of sulfo-acidic solutions, which contain iron sulfate, formed after technological operations for the preparation and etching of metal parts at metalworking enterprises are not effective and therefore are not used at Ukrainian enterprises. They are either aimed at sedimentation of the sludge of sparingly soluble iron compounds after neutralization of unreacted sulfuric acid or at dilution of the formed spent sulfo-acid solutions. The electrochemical method of regeneration of such spent sulfo-acid solutions is not properly researched. A feature of the development of technology and equipment for regeneration is a decrease in the content of iron ions and an increase in the concentration of sulfuric acid during the regeneration process. The process of electrochemical regeneration of spent steel etching solutions is characterized by a significant change in the composition of the etching solution and the temperature of the etching process. At the beginning of work, the initial solution of sulfuric acid reaches a concentration of 2.0 mol·dm-3 and does not contain iron (II) sulfate. In the process of digestion, the concentration of sulfuric acid decreases to 0.5 mol·dm-3, and the concentration of iron (II) sulfate increases accordingly. Therefore, the course of the anodic process was studied for the following solution compositions: 0.5 mol·dm-3; 1.0 mol·dm-3 and 1.5 mol·dm-3 H2SO4. Under the conditions of a decrease in the concentration of sulfuric acid, its chemical activity also decreases when interacting with iron oxides and hydroxides. An increase in the temperature of the entire process is used to increase the reactivity of the pickling solutions. The main process at the platinum anode is the release of oxygen in a wide range of current densities and a significant overvoltage of the entire process. Taking into account the obtained voltage-voltage dependences, it can be seen that the current rises when reaching potentials that significantly exceed the standard potential for obtaining oxygen from water. The advantage of the platinum anode is the slight influence of the concentration of sulfuric acid on the kinetics of the anode process. The obtained results were used for comparison with other alternative anode materials. Manganese dioxide was obtained by the method of pyrolysis of a coating solution of manganese monoacid applied to a titanium current lead, which can be represented by reaction (5) of the decomposition of manganese nitrate on a titanium plate. Due to the developed surface, the real current density was more than an order of magnitude lower on the TDMA than on the platinum anode with the same geometric dimensions. A lower current density contributed to a decrease in the steady-state potentials of oxygen release. The current density can be increased by an order of magnitude if surfactants are added to the working solution. A comparison of voltage-voltage dependences on platinum and TDMA indicates that th
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF THE ANODE MATERIAL ON THE COURSE OF COMBINED PROCESSES DURING THE REGENERATION OF SULPHATE-ACID SOLUTIONS","authors":"K. Kravchenko, G. Tulsky","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2022.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"The existing methods of regeneration of sulfo-acidic solutions, which contain iron sulfate, formed after technological operations for the preparation and etching of metal parts at metalworking enterprises are not effective and therefore are not used at Ukrainian enterprises. They are either aimed at sedimentation of the sludge of sparingly soluble iron compounds after neutralization of unreacted sulfuric acid or at dilution of the formed spent sulfo-acid solutions. The electrochemical method of regeneration of such spent sulfo-acid solutions is not properly researched. A feature of the development of technology and equipment for regeneration is a decrease in the content of iron ions and an increase in the concentration of sulfuric acid during the regeneration process. The process of electrochemical regeneration of spent steel etching solutions is characterized by a significant change in the composition of the etching solution and the temperature of the etching process. At the beginning of work, the initial solution of sulfuric acid reaches a concentration of 2.0 mol·dm-3 and does not contain iron (II) sulfate. In the process of digestion, the concentration of sulfuric acid decreases to 0.5 mol·dm-3, and the concentration of iron (II) sulfate increases accordingly. Therefore, the course of the anodic process was studied for the following solution compositions: 0.5 mol·dm-3; 1.0 mol·dm-3 and 1.5 mol·dm-3 H2SO4. Under the conditions of a decrease in the concentration of sulfuric acid, its chemical activity also decreases when interacting with iron oxides and hydroxides. An increase in the temperature of the entire process is used to increase the reactivity of the pickling solutions. The main process at the platinum anode is the release of oxygen in a wide range of current densities and a significant overvoltage of the entire process. Taking into account the obtained voltage-voltage dependences, it can be seen that the current rises when reaching potentials that significantly exceed the standard potential for obtaining oxygen from water. The advantage of the platinum anode is the slight influence of the concentration of sulfuric acid on the kinetics of the anode process. The obtained results were used for comparison with other alternative anode materials. Manganese dioxide was obtained by the method of pyrolysis of a coating solution of manganese monoacid applied to a titanium current lead, which can be represented by reaction (5) of the decomposition of manganese nitrate on a titanium plate. Due to the developed surface, the real current density was more than an order of magnitude lower on the TDMA than on the platinum anode with the same geometric dimensions. A lower current density contributed to a decrease in the steady-state potentials of oxygen release. The current density can be increased by an order of magnitude if surfactants are added to the working solution. A comparison of voltage-voltage dependences on platinum and TDMA indicates that th","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"54 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72622387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
lactic acid (PLA) is a strong disinfectant with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Its widespread use is hampered by the lack of an electrochemical technology for PLA synthesis, which will make it possible to develop local electrochemical generators for the production of disinfectants. There is no information about the standard potential of the СН3СH(OH)С(=О)ОН « СН3СH(OH)С(=О)ООН system, both in reference literature and professional scientific publications. It has been shown that the electrochemical synthesis of PLA will be combined with the processes of oxygen release and the formation of hydrogen peroxide. To inhibit side processes, an additive to a solution of lactic acid 0.5 mol dm-3 H2SO4 was used. The adsorption of sulfate ions leads to the displacement of a certain proportion of water molecules outside the boundaries between the phase boundaries. An almost 2-fold increase in the anodic current density was also noted at the potentials of electrochemical synthesis of peroxide compounds. It has-been found that a lactic acid molecule is integrated into the structure of the near-electrode layer with a carboxyl group directed towards the anode surface. The inflection of the current-voltage curve, at potentials more positive than 1.70...1.75 V, indicates the course of the combined processes of the formation of peroxide compounds, proceeding with a significant inhibition of the oxygen reaction at the Pt/PtO2 anode. The release of oxygen under these conditions occurs due to the formation and destruction of H2O2. The potential difference between the forward and reverse runs of the current-voltage curve indicates a significant effect of lactic acid on the adsorption processes on the anode surface. The results obtained confirmed the relevant the choice of the Pt/PtO2 anode for the electrochemical synthesis of PLA. The characteristics of the electrolyte for the electrochemical synthesis of PLA has been defined: 2 mol dm-3 of lactic acid, 0.5 mol dm-3 of sulfuric acid.
{"title":"SUBSTANTIATION OF THE ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION IN THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF PEROXYLIC ACID","authors":"Serhii Alexandrovich Vodolazhenko, Svitlana Germanivna Deribo, Tetiana Vasylivna Shkolnikova, Issam Hussein Chahine","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"lactic acid (PLA) is a strong disinfectant with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Its widespread use is hampered by the lack of an electrochemical technology for PLA synthesis, which will make it possible to develop local electrochemical generators for the production of disinfectants. There is no information about the standard potential of the СН3СH(OH)С(=О)ОН « СН3СH(OH)С(=О)ООН system, both in reference literature and professional scientific publications. It has been shown that the electrochemical synthesis of PLA will be combined with the processes of oxygen release and the formation of hydrogen peroxide. To inhibit side processes, an additive to a solution of lactic acid 0.5 mol dm-3 H2SO4 was used. The adsorption of sulfate ions leads to the displacement of a certain proportion of water molecules outside the boundaries between the phase boundaries. An almost 2-fold increase in the anodic current density was also noted at the potentials of electrochemical synthesis of peroxide compounds. It has-been found that a lactic acid molecule is integrated into the structure of the near-electrode layer with a carboxyl group directed towards the anode surface. The inflection of the current-voltage curve, at potentials more positive than 1.70...1.75 V, indicates the course of the combined processes of the formation of peroxide compounds, proceeding with a significant inhibition of the oxygen reaction at the Pt/PtO2 anode. The release of oxygen under these conditions occurs due to the formation and destruction of H2O2. The potential difference between the forward and reverse runs of the current-voltage curve indicates a significant effect of lactic acid on the adsorption processes on the anode surface. The results obtained confirmed the relevant the choice of the Pt/PtO2 anode for the electrochemical synthesis of PLA. The characteristics of the electrolyte for the electrochemical synthesis of PLA has been defined: 2 mol dm-3 of lactic acid, 0.5 mol dm-3 of sulfuric acid.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"8 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84874656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The studies of technoecology problems in the field of brewing established the need to predict the condition of equipment, the quality of semi-finished products, as well as the creation of algorithms for extracting and processing information on quality indicators. The necessity of developing new effective methods for monitoring brewing equipment, semi-finished products, finished products and the state of stock water samples has been proved. Thanks to this, it will become possible to determine the reasons for the deviation of the product characteristics from the set quality indicators and to take measures for appropriate adjustment. Experimental studies have confirmed that, thanks to the allocation of important informative parameters, it becomes possible to increase the overall component of the reliability of control.This leads to an increase in the quality of the finished product. In particular, it was found that due to the hardware techniques associated with heating the sample during the control process and compensating for the influence of the parasitic magnetic flux, it becomes possible to carry out joint control of quantitative parameters that are related to the physicomechanical properties of equipment parts, assemblies and designs of the beer column. The latter, in particular, relates to the implementation of joint control of the geometric, electrical and temperature parameters of parts of brewing equipment.Thus, there is reason to argue about the prospects of further research in the creation of automated computer systems for monitoring the electrical and temperature characteristics of semi-finished brewing products when implementing new informative methods.
{"title":"METHODS OF NON-CONTACT PARAMETRIC CONTROL OF EQUIPMENT OF BREWING APPARATUS AND WASTE WATER SAMPLES","authors":"Vadim Sebko, Yevgeny Pyrozhenko, Valeriy Zdorenko, Tatiana Novozhilova, Dmytro Nechiporenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"The studies of technoecology problems in the field of brewing established the need to predict the condition of equipment, the quality of semi-finished products, as well as the creation of algorithms for extracting and processing information on quality indicators. The necessity of developing new effective methods for monitoring brewing equipment, semi-finished products, finished products and the state of stock water samples has been proved. Thanks to this, it will become possible to determine the reasons for the deviation of the product characteristics from the set quality indicators and to take measures for appropriate adjustment. Experimental studies have confirmed that, thanks to the allocation of important informative parameters, it becomes possible to increase the overall component of the reliability of control.This leads to an increase in the quality of the finished product. In particular, it was found that due to the hardware techniques associated with heating the sample during the control process and compensating for the influence of the parasitic magnetic flux, it becomes possible to carry out joint control of quantitative parameters that are related to the physicomechanical properties of equipment parts, assemblies and designs of the beer column. The latter, in particular, relates to the implementation of joint control of the geometric, electrical and temperature parameters of parts of brewing equipment.Thus, there is reason to argue about the prospects of further research in the creation of automated computer systems for monitoring the electrical and temperature characteristics of semi-finished brewing products when implementing new informative methods.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77637955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iraq is located on the northeastern parts of the Arabian Plate, which has been particularly exposed to tectonic movements in past geological periods, where there are several giant fields that contain most of the country’s oil reserves. The structural features of the oil fields of southern Iraq (Mishrif and Zubeir) form a number of factors that complicate the construction and operation of wells for oil production in the region.Possible negative consequences of the corrosion processes of oil and gas equipment and the prospective use of new technologies and materials were considered, taking into account the fact that waterflooding is currently the main technology in oil production in Iraq, which in these conditions requires a large amount of water and carries a number of negative factors that complicate operation of oil production equipment.These main factors are the content of acid gases (hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide), high mineralization of formation water, mainly due to the presence of chloride ions, elevated temperature, which is due to the depth of drilling and well operation. The negative consequences of corrosion of oil and gas equipment are given. The study was based on an integrated approach, which was carried out by analyzing data on the formation of geological conditions in southern Iraq (tectonics, stratigraphy, lithological-facial and hydrological analysis), generalization of world experience in oil production, use of oil and gas resources.
{"title":"STUDY OF MINING AND GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PROMISING CRUDE OIL-PRODUCING AREAS OF IRAQ","authors":"Ameer Mohammed Alajmeen Neamah, Begench Halatovich Muhamedov, Dmytro Fedorovich Donsky, Sergii Viktorovich Nesterenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.12","url":null,"abstract":"Iraq is located on the northeastern parts of the Arabian Plate, which has been particularly exposed to tectonic movements in past geological periods, where there are several giant fields that contain most of the country’s oil reserves. The structural features of the oil fields of southern Iraq (Mishrif and Zubeir) form a number of factors that complicate the construction and operation of wells for oil production in the region.Possible negative consequences of the corrosion processes of oil and gas equipment and the prospective use of new technologies and materials were considered, taking into account the fact that waterflooding is currently the main technology in oil production in Iraq, which in these conditions requires a large amount of water and carries a number of negative factors that complicate operation of oil production equipment.These main factors are the content of acid gases (hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide), high mineralization of formation water, mainly due to the presence of chloride ions, elevated temperature, which is due to the depth of drilling and well operation. The negative consequences of corrosion of oil and gas equipment are given. The study was based on an integrated approach, which was carried out by analyzing data on the formation of geological conditions in southern Iraq (tectonics, stratigraphy, lithological-facial and hydrological analysis), generalization of world experience in oil production, use of oil and gas resources.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82653600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problems of gas-condensate PVT-models (Pressure Volume Temperature, PVT) creation under limited input information were analyzed. Traditional fluid phase behavior characterization approach relies on creation of the equation of state (EOS) based on initial composition of reservoir fluid and its future regression for critical parameters (pressure and temperature), binary interaction coefficients, acentric factors of residual “plus” fraction or pseudo-components. The adjustment is done until the moment when EOS is reproducing the results of laboratory experiments. Classic PVT experiments performed on gas-condensates and volatile oils are constant composition expansion (CCE), constant volume depletion (CVD) and separator tests. However, in the case of most Ukrainian fields, discovered and explored in the last century, not only the reliable detailed initial fluid composition is not available, but phase behavior was studied with non-equilibrium method of so-called differential condensation, that does not allow their direct application for PVT models creation. Previously, the authors [1, 2] presented an alternative method for fluid characterization based on the fractional distillation test. At the same time, due to significant uncertainty in input data, particularly a) condensate production allocation; b) commingled production from multiple reservoirs with different C5+ yield; c) non-recorded change of separator conditions that affects liquid extraction and its density; d) technological production losses, issues of reproducing the condensate production during history matching of several models of Dniper-Donetsk Basin were faced. There was proposed and explained in detail an example of single-cell reservoir simulation model application concept for quality check of created PVT model for one of the fields with potential yield of 86 g/m3. The idea of the concept is based on the reproduction of material balance of gas-condensate reservoir through one conditional well controlled on a primary (gas) phase, that allows quick identification of changes into calculated gas-condensate yield curve, necessary for matching of condensate production. Implementation of these changes allows quick and precise full-field model calibration.
{"title":"GAS-CONDENSATE FLUID PVT MODEL QUALITY CHECK BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF A SINGLE-CELL SIMULATION MODEL","authors":"Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Burachok, Dmytro Volodymyrovych Pershyn, Serhii Vasylovych Matkivskyi, Yefim Semenovych Bikman, Oleksandr Romanovych Kondrat, Viacheslav Yuriiovych Filatov","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2020.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of gas-condensate PVT-models (Pressure Volume Temperature, PVT) creation under limited input information were analyzed. Traditional fluid phase behavior characterization approach relies on creation of the equation of state (EOS) based on initial composition of reservoir fluid and its future regression for critical parameters (pressure and temperature), binary interaction coefficients, acentric factors of residual “plus” fraction or pseudo-components. The adjustment is done until the moment when EOS is reproducing the results of laboratory experiments. Classic PVT experiments performed on gas-condensates and volatile oils are constant composition expansion (CCE), constant volume depletion (CVD) and separator tests. However, in the case of most Ukrainian fields, discovered and explored in the last century, not only the reliable detailed initial fluid composition is not available, but phase behavior was studied with non-equilibrium method of so-called differential condensation, that does not allow their direct application for PVT models creation. Previously, the authors [1, 2] presented an alternative method for fluid characterization based on the fractional distillation test. At the same time, due to significant uncertainty in input data, particularly a) condensate production allocation; b) commingled production from multiple reservoirs with different C5+ yield; c) non-recorded change of separator conditions that affects liquid extraction and its density; d) technological production losses, issues of reproducing the condensate production during history matching of several models of Dniper-Donetsk Basin were faced. There was proposed and explained in detail an example of single-cell reservoir simulation model application concept for quality check of created PVT model for one of the fields with potential yield of 86 g/m3. The idea of the concept is based on the reproduction of material balance of gas-condensate reservoir through one conditional well controlled on a primary (gas) phase, that allows quick identification of changes into calculated gas-condensate yield curve, necessary for matching of condensate production. Implementation of these changes allows quick and precise full-field model calibration.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81424735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：