Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology最新文献

{"title":"NEAR HYDRATION OF SINGLY CHARGED MONOATOMIC IONS IN EXTREMELY DILUTED SOLUTIONS: THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE","authors":"Viktor Ivanovych Булавин, I. V’unik, A. Kramarenko, A. Rusinov","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The diffusion coefficient  and the distance of translational displacement of Li+, Na+ K+, Cs+, Cl– and Br– ions  in water at 298.15 K – 423.15 K (25 K step) and pressure from 0.0981 to 784.5 MPa (98.1 MPa step) were calculated from the literature data on limiting molar electrical conductivity. The  values for these ions increase with pressure growth from 0.0981  to 98.1 MPa at 298.15 K. Further pressure increase (up to 785 MPa) leads to decrease in . Temperature growth under isobaric conditions leads to an increase in . Parameter (– ri) (deviation from the Stokes–Einstein law, ri is ion structural radius) was used as a criterion for the type of ion solvation. It is shown that Li+ and Na+ ions behave as cosmotropes, or positively solvated structure–forming ions having (– ri) > 0. The Cs+, Cl–, Br– ions behave as chaotropes, or negatively solvated structure–breaking ions having (– ri) < 0. For the K+ ion, the (– ri) deviation is alternating. At 0.0981 MPa and 298.15 K, the K+ ion is a chaotrope. But at 320 K (Tlim) parameter (– ri) = 0. It corresponds to the transition from negative to positive solvation. Above Tlim at P = const, the K+ ion is a cosmotrope. At 298.15 K and up to 98.1 MPa, the pressure causes the same change in the (– ri) deviation as the temperature. On the contrary, at 320 K and higher, the pressure affects the near hydration in the direction opposite to the temperature.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82283994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF GASEOUS FUEL EMISSION","authors":"O. Levytska, Y. V. Voytenko, Anastasiia Oleksiivna Orishechok","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.13","url":null,"abstract":"The work presents estimated comparative assessment of emissions release in combustion products during work of high–power steam boilers with the use of traditional fuel – natural gas and alternative fuels – blast–furnace and coke–oven gases generated in the process of technological cycle at iron and steel and coke–chemical enterprises. Calculation algorithm is shown and formulas for assessment of carbon content in exhaust gases are defined, conclusions on ecological efficiency of gaseous fuels are given. \u0000The purpose of the work was to evaluate the emissions of harmful substances generated during the combustion of natural, blast furnace and coke oven gases, justification of the calculation of carbon content of a given chemical composition and determine the optimal environmental impact of analogues of natural gas. \u0000The comparative estimation of pollutant emissions into atmospheric air during combustion of natural, coke oven and blast furnace gases revealed: \u0000– high sulfur dioxide emissions from combustion of blast furnace and coke oven gases due to the presence of sulfur compounds in the composition of these gases; \u0000– relatively high emissions of nitrogen compounds for natural and coke oven gases and relatively low emissions for blast furnace gas; \u0000– сarbon emissions are high for all types of fuels which have been considered, most carbon dioxide gets into  the air when burning natural gas, least – when burning blast furnace gas; \u0000– significantly higher methane emissions are observed during the combustion of natural and coke oven gases, respectively, smaller – for blast–furnace gas combustion; \u0000– coke oven and natural gases are characterized by low mercury emissions. \u0000Comparative assessment of the calculated values of hazardous substances emissions in the combustion products in the process of combustion of natural, coke–oven and blast–furnace gases shows that even at lower working heat of combustion values the coke–oven and blast–furnace gases can compete with natural gas. \u0000For the first time, a comparative characterization of the emissions of harmful substances in the combustion of natural, coke oven and blast furnace gases is presented, and it is shown that the gases used in coke and metallurgical industries, which are used as analogues of natural, are logical to use, but require the installation of treatment systems. The paper defines a formula for calculating the carbon content in natural gas from the Urengoy–Uzhhorod gas pipeline. The provided calculations and the introduction of simplified formulas serve as an example for the calculation of emission factors and emissions in assessing the level of safety of existing equipment and can be used in the development of permit documents of enterprises that carry out emissions of harmful substances to the environment.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78580036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLAMMABILITY OF HYDROCARBON FRACTIONS OBTAINED BY DESTRUCTION OF POLYMER RAW MATERIALS","authors":"K. Shevchenko, A. Grigorov","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the possibility of using hydrocarbon fractions – products of thermal destruction of polymer raw materials (polyethylene and polypropylene) at atmospheric pressure as components of commercial diesel fuels. This approach allows, on the one hand, to improve the properties of commercial diesel fuel, on the other, to increase the competitiveness of domestically produced products. In addition, the problem associated with the accumulation of polymer waste and their negative impact on the environment is also partially solved. \u0000The nature of the dependences between such indicators of the quality of fractions 160–350 °C, 200–350 °C, 240–350 °C as the autoignition temperature, the initial boiling point of the fraction and the cetane number as an indicator characterizing the flammability, has been established. The dependence of the autoignition temperature on the boiling point of the fractions has a polynomial character and indicates a decrease in the autoignition temperature with an increase in the boiling point of the fractions. The dependence of the cetane number on the initial boiling point of the fractions is linear and indicates an increase in the cetane number with an increase in the initial boiling point of the fractions. The dependence of the cetane number on the autoignition temperature of the fractions has a polynomial character and indicates a decrease in the cetane number with an increase in the autoignition temperature of the fractions. \u0000It was found that the autoignition temperature of the investigated fractions, regardless of the type of polymer raw material, fluctuates in a rather narrow range, from 229 to 348 ° C, and the cetane number – from 41 to 55 units. Based on the literature data, we note that exactly this range is close to the range that commercial diesel fuels have, and the fractions studied by us can be used in the production of diesel fuel.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88804081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROVISION OF CONDITIONS OF COMPARABILITY OF RESULTS IN FIELD BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH USING A COMPUTER EXPERIMENT","authors":"L. Gorbunov, Nadiia Larintseva, O. Zviahintseva","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.12","url":null,"abstract":"When conducting biotechnological field studies using plant objects, there is a problem of taking into account the heterogeneity of the results, the imperfection of methods leads to the need for multiple repetitions of experiments, but the issue of reproducibility and comparability of research results is not resolved, therefore, the use of mathematical models in research makes it possible not only to identify, but also to explain the obtained patterns. The subject of the study in the article is a simulation model for estimating the mass of corn grains taking into account their genotype and growing conditions. The model is based on an analytical expression that reflects the main reasons for the growth of corn seeds after pollination of the plant. The mass of corn grains depends on a number of biological factors (genotype), technological – soil structure (its fertility and methods of cultivation), and climatic conditions (humidity, light intensity). The aim of the study is to create a simulation model to ensure the comparability of the results obtained when growing corn for grain in different conditions. \u0000Biological (cultivation) and mathematical (simulation model) methods were used as methods for obtaining and constructing results. The discrepancy in the estimation of the mass of grain of the same genotype grown in different research farms of different climatic zones of Ukraine and obtained by calculation was not more than 18 % and obtained experimentally up to 64 %. A feature of the model is the independence of the heterogeneity of the bioobject (studied lines and hybrids) from the conditions of their cultivation (soil structure and climatic conditions). The application of mathematical modeling makes it possible to reduce the differences in the studied indicators up to 25 times, which were obtained in different experiments, thereby significantly reducing time, money and provide a condition for comparability of results to obtain a reliable result.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88534222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THERMAL INTEGRATION OF COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION UNITS IN DAIRY FACILITIES","authors":"S. Bykanov, Babak Tetiana Babak, Roman Stotskyi","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"The heat integration of an ammonia compression refrigeration unit, that is used in different dairy facilities, was carried out by the pinch analysis methods. The schematic diagram of such unit with a cooling capacity of 1000 kW was taken as a basis. The main cycle temperatures, refrigerant consumption and its specific heat capacity were calculated for a given refrigerating capacity. Based on these data, a stream table was formed, that included a hot stream of a refrigerant – ammonia – and also two cold streams: water for chemical water treatment and water for technology. The hot stream of ammonia was divided into three streams: cooling of ammonia vapors, condensation and subcooling. Heat capacities flowrates and heat loads (stream enthalpy change) of the streams were determined. The minimum temperature difference in heat exchangers DTmin = 8°С was determined on the basis of technical and economic calculations for this process. The composite curves were plotted for the minimum temperature difference. The pinch temperatures were determined by the problem table algorithm for the hot and cold streams. The minimum values of hot and cold utilities load (QHmin and QСmin) were determined. The heat recovery capacity was determined, which was 701.8 kW. A grid diagram was built and heat exchangers are arranged in accordance with CP and N rules. The retrofit of process flowsheet is proposed on the basis of the grid diagram that includes the installation of three heat exchangers, one cooler and two heaters to achieve the target temperatures and flow rates. The use of Alfa Laval plate heat exchangers is proposed as heat exchange equipment. The payback period of the design is about two years.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84768587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESEARCH OF PROCESSES OF FORMATION OF STRUCTURE OF COMPOSITE THERMAL INSULATION MATERIALS ON THE BASIS OF LIQUID GLASS BTAINED WITH THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE MICROWAVE TECHNOLOGIES","authors":"T. Rymar, O. Suvorin","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the efficiency of energy use is one of the main tasks in the chemical industry not only in Ukraine but also around the world, which is due to the steady rise in energy prices. In this regard, an effective way to save energy is the thermal modernization of buildings, industrial equipment and communications with thermal insulation materials. It should be noted that the share of domestic materials in the Ukrainian market is not more than 30 %. Therefore, the creation of new types of insulation materials is a very important task. This material is a heat–insulating material based on liquid glass, created with the involvement of microwave radiation as an alternative to traditional convective thermal heating. The technology of production of heat–insulating materials on the basis of liquid glass by hot foaming involves obtaining the material in the form of granules, not plates, due to the difficulty of uniform heating of the inner layers of large samples. The problem of large–scale production of high–quality thermal insulation materials based on liquid glass in plate form is not solved due to poor heating of the inner layers of the plate due to the low thermal conductivity of the swollen outer layers. That is why the production of composite thermal insulation materials based on granular filler and liquid glass binder is proposed to be carried out under the action of microwave radiation. Thermal insulation properties of expanded materials are directly determined by their macrostructure. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine changes in the structure of the material from the type and amount of ingredients used in the liquid glass composition. On the basis of the conducted researches it is shown that the materials with use as a filler of zinc oxide and as a gas–forming agent of hydrogen peroxide have the most ordered structure. It is established that their use in the amount of 9–10 wt.h. provides a rate of gas evolution and growth of pore centers, which is comparable to the process of curing composition, which allows to obtain materials with a homogeneous, fine and closed–porous structure, which provides high insulating properties with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.05–0.055 W / m · K, which meets the requirements for thermal insulation materials.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84229429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF TIN–ZINC ALLOY FROM CITRATE–AMMONIA ELECTROLYTE","authors":"Svitlana Hermanivna Deribo, S. Leshchenko, Valrii Pavlovych Gomozov, Yuliia Ivanivna Kovalenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"The cathodic processes of electrochemical deposition of a tin–zinc alloy in citrate–ammonia electrolytes have been investigated. The content of the main components of the investigated electrolyte (g/dm3): SnCl2·2H2O – 44, ZnO – 4, NH4Cl – 100, Na3C6H5O7 – 100. Wood glue (1.5 g/dm3) and neonol (4 ml/dm3) were added to the electrolyte as surfactants. It was found that high–quality coatings are deposited without heating and stirring only in the pH range from 6,0 to 7,0. The addition of these substances to the electrolyte is predicted to lead to inhibition of the reduction of metals, an improvement in the crystal structure of the deposit, but decreases the cathodic current efficiency. Hull cell studies showed that an electrolyte containing neonol as a surfactant showed better throwing power compared to other solutions. The dependence of the current efficiency of the alloy on the cathode current density showed that in the range of current densities from 0.5 A/dm2 to 4 A/dm2, the current efficiency decreases nonlinearly from 82 % to 52 %. The experimentally obtained dependence of the zinc content in the alloy on the cathodic current density showed the possibility of obtaining alloys with a zinc content of 8 % to 33 %. The obtained results allowed us to determine that for the deposition of an alloy with a zinc content of 20–25 %, which provides the best anti–corrosion properties of the coating, it is necessary to carry out the process at a cathodic current density of 1,5–2,0 A/dm2, while the current efficiency is about 70 %, and the deposition rate alloy is 0,44–0,54 μm/min. The received coatings have a semi–bright appearance, a fine–grained structure, light gray color, they are strongly adhered to the substrate.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88684085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PNEUMATIC FRACTURING PROBLEMS FOR HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION AT GAS CONDENSATE FIELDS IN UKRAINE","authors":"I. Zezekalo, Hanna Anatoliyivna Dumenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"The current state of the oil and gas industry of Ukraine and the possibility of increasing the hydrocarbon base due to the introduction of fields with compacted reservoirs, which contain significant gas resources. Some methods of intensification of wells that are used in Ukraine, such as hydraulic fracturing and the GasGun method, are considered. Their main shortcomings are given: unforeseen situations of depressurization of the water horizon, use of large volumes of water, utilization of process water, incomplete release of rupture fluid from the reservoir, swelling and hydration of clay components of the reservoir, impossibility of use at extremely high temperatures and pressures. The world modern technologies based on the action of inert gases in hydrocarbon production are covered. Studies on the application of anhydrous rock breaks and intensification methods using inert gases are analyzed. The application of the method of pneumatic compaction of coal seams in Ukraine with the use of flue gases for the release of methane and degassing of coal mines is presented. Modern studies on the use of liquid nitrogen and liquefied carbon dioxide as fracturing agents with rocks with low filtration–capacity properties are presented. The main advantages of using nitrogen, liquefied and supercritical carbon dioxide as reservoir decompression agents are presented. It is proposed to study the method of pneumatic compaction on different samples of rocks in the laboratory using various agents and surfactants, select the appropriate reagents and develop technology for pneumatic rupture of hydrocarbon reservoirs as a cheap and environmentally friendly alternative to existing methods.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"43 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91399006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE FORMATION OF SPODUMENS-CONTAINING GLASS-CRYSTAL MATERIALS AFTER HEAT TREATMENT","authors":"O. Savvova, G. Voronov, Svіatoslav Rіabinin, A. Fesenko, Dmitry Svishov","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"The promising areas of application of spodumene–containing glass–crystalline materials in various branches of science and technology, in particular, to increase the defense capability of the state, have been determined. The relevance of the development of lightweight high–strength sitalls based on them, taking into account the aspects of energy saving for obtaining armored elements, has been determined. It has been established that the use of IR spectroscopy is promising for studying the nanostructure of glass–crystalline materials. The compositions of lithium aluminum silicate glasses and the modes of their heat treatment have been developed. The features of the structure formation of spodumene–containing glass–crystalline materials obtained under the conditions of two–stage low–temperature heat treatment have been investigated. Taking into account the analysis of the nature of the IR spectra of chain silicates, the structure of glass–crystalline materials was investigated according to the IR spectra and the nature of structure formation was established depending on the initial composition of the glass. It has been established that the formation of a structural glass network with the participation of tetrahedra [AlO4], [BO4] and [SiO4] and the presence of cybotaxic groups [Si2O6] allows, under conditions of two–stage low–temperature treatment, to provide bulk crystallization of spodumene–containing glass–crystalline materials. It has been established that the formation of the vitrified structure of glass–crystalline materials allows to ensure their high values of Vickers hardness, microhardness and crack resistance and by the presence of a glass phase, which plays the role of a damper, to ensure their high armor resistance. This will increase the efficiency and make it possible to use them as an energy–destructive and energy–absorbing layer in the composition of the armor element «metal alloy – ceramics – sitall». The introduction of spodumene–containing glass–crystalline materials will increase the competitiveness of competitive domestic armored elements for personal protection.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85517630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY METHODS TO IMPROVE SOIL FERTILITY","authors":"M. Zinchenko, E. Ponomarenko, Kateryna Shumeiko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2021.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"A person’s desire to improve the quality of life makes the individual reconsider the attitude towards the quality of consumed food. Despite the fact that the prices of natural products are several times higher than of those grown with the use of herbicides and pesticides, organic food is getting more popular in all countries around the world. Such products can only be received when crops are grown using organic farming methods, one of the principles of which is to increase the amount humus in the soil. The preservation of soil fertility can be ensured using the methods of modern biotechnology, which are based on the vital activity of microorganisms capable of converting organic matter from animal waste into environmentally friendly fertilizers. In animal husbandry, the main portion of agricultural waste is cattle and pig manure. The most economical way to dispose it is to use methane digestion, when biogas and fertilizers are obtained. However, when processing manure bedding materials in biogas reactors, the straw fractions and lignin–containing components of the bedding are not decomposed by bacteria and pass into the solid fraction of the fermented biomass unchanged, which is a problem. The infiltration of such an unprocessed residue into the soil leads to deterioration of soil properties. Thereby, the solid fraction of the fermented biomass requires additional processing to improve its agrochemical properties. Most expedient is to use vermicomposting, that is, process organic waste with the help of earthworms. Biohumus, or vermicompost, is one of the end products of this method. In this work, we studied the procedure of processing the solid fraction of fermented pig manure by Eisenia foetida compost worms (red Californian worm). In order to determine the optimal approach of vermicomposting, the experiment was planned. As a result, a high–quality organic fertilizer was obtained – biohumus –and the optimal parameters of the environment were determined(pH and humidity), at which the worms have the highest biological activity.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89660974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}