Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.01
Viktor Moiseev, Evgeniya Manoilo, Y. Manoilo, K. Repko, Oleg Zhuha, D. Davydov
Industrial implementation of the stabilization method of the gas-liquid layer can significantly expand the field of use of foaming apparatus and opens up new opportunities for intensifying technological processes with the simultaneous creation of low-waste technologies. The article establishes the basic parameters influencing the hydrodynamics of foam apparatus, considers the basic constructions and operating modes of foam apparatus. The connection of hydrodynamic parameters is revealed. The hydrodynamic laws of the foam layer are considered. The indicated factors affecting the process of mass transfer, both in the gas and in the liquid phases. The conducted analysis of a number of studies showed that the perspective direction of intensification of the mass transfer process is the development of apparatuses with a three-phase fluidized bed of an irrigated nozzle of complex forms with mesh materials. A new design of the stabilizer with a large free volume and a spherical movable nozzle was developed. The advantage of the proposed design is the transition to a structured foam mode of operation at relatively low gas speeds, as well as a developed phase contact surface. After experimental studies of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the combined contact element, experimental data on hydrodynamic resistance and experimental indicators of spray attribution for a contact stage with combined contact elements were obtained. As a result of research, it was found that when using foam layer stabilizers, the spray ratio at the contact stage is reduced, which leads to more stable operation of the device. Empirical equation for determining the value of the spray attribution is given. It is indicated that the mechanism of transition of the nozzle to the mode of advanced fluidization will be significantly different from conventional ballistic nozzles. The study of mass transfer in an absorber with a fluidized bed of an irrigated nozzle is complicated by the fact that the contact surface between phases can vary considerably depending on the hydrodynamic conditions, in particular, on the speed of gas and irrigation density.
{"title":"HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE AND SPRAY REMOVAL IN STABILIZED THREE-PHASE FOAM LAYER","authors":"Viktor Moiseev, Evgeniya Manoilo, Y. Manoilo, K. Repko, Oleg Zhuha, D. Davydov","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial implementation of the stabilization method of the gas-liquid layer can significantly expand the field of use of foaming apparatus and opens up new opportunities for intensifying technological processes with the simultaneous creation of low-waste technologies. The article establishes the basic parameters influencing the hydrodynamics of foam apparatus, considers the basic constructions and operating modes of foam apparatus. The connection of hydrodynamic parameters is revealed. The hydrodynamic laws of the foam layer are considered. The indicated factors affecting the process of mass transfer, both in the gas and in the liquid phases. The conducted analysis of a number of studies showed that the perspective direction of intensification of the mass transfer process is the development of apparatuses with a three-phase fluidized bed of an irrigated nozzle of complex forms with mesh materials. A new design of the stabilizer with a large free volume and a spherical movable nozzle was developed. The advantage of the proposed design is the transition to a structured foam mode of operation at relatively low gas speeds, as well as a developed phase contact surface. After experimental studies of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the combined contact element, experimental data on hydrodynamic resistance and experimental indicators of spray attribution for a contact stage with combined contact elements were obtained. As a result of research, it was found that when using foam layer stabilizers, the spray ratio at the contact stage is reduced, which leads to more stable operation of the device. Empirical equation for determining the value of the spray attribution is given. It is indicated that the mechanism of transition of the nozzle to the mode of advanced fluidization will be significantly different from conventional ballistic nozzles. The study of mass transfer in an absorber with a fluidized bed of an irrigated nozzle is complicated by the fact that the contact surface between phases can vary considerably depending on the hydrodynamic conditions, in particular, on the speed of gas and irrigation density.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82326141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.06
T. Chervinskyy, R. Prokop, O. Grynyshyn
During the operation of motor vehicles with gasoline or diesel internal combustion engines, motor oil is exposed to high temperatures, is constantly in contact with metals, its hydrocarbon part undergoes chemical transformations, is contaminated by wear products of metal surfaces, decomposition of additives, and residues of incomplete combustion of fuel. As a result, motor oil undergoes irreversible changes in its high-quality chemical composition and loss of operational properties. The paper describes the results of the study of the process of cleaning exhausted semi-synthetic motor oils in the presence of crystalline urea. Castrol 10W-40 oil, widely used in truck diesel engines, and ELF Evolution 700 STI oil, used in passenger car gasoline engines, were chosen as used semi-synthetic motor oils. The influence of the main factors of process control (the amount of urea, duration, and temperature) on the change in the functional properties of refined motor oils was studied. It was established that the lowest values of defective indicators (acid number, water content, ash content, content of mechanical impurities) were obtained at 140 ºС, duration of 80 min., and 5 mass. % of crystalline urea. In addition, there is a slight increase in the values of kinematic viscosity and viscosity index. The method of X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed that the content of metals decreased in urea-treated oils compared to used ones. IR spectroscopic research demonstrated that under the established optimal conditions of the purification process with crystalline urea, the content of oxygen-containing "aging" products (aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, esters, organic acids) in purified semi-synthetic motor oils significantly decreased. It is proposed to use the process of cleaning used semi-synthetic motor oils in the presence of crystalline urea as an intermediate stage of the combined technological cycle of regeneration of used motor oils.
{"title":"USE OF UREA FOR CLEANING USED SEMI-SYNTHETIC MOTOR OILS","authors":"T. Chervinskyy, R. Prokop, O. Grynyshyn","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"During the operation of motor vehicles with gasoline or diesel internal combustion engines, motor oil is exposed to high temperatures, is constantly in contact with metals, its hydrocarbon part undergoes chemical transformations, is contaminated by wear products of metal surfaces, decomposition of additives, and residues of incomplete combustion of fuel. As a result, motor oil undergoes irreversible changes in its high-quality chemical composition and loss of operational properties. The paper describes the results of the study of the process of cleaning exhausted semi-synthetic motor oils in the presence of crystalline urea. Castrol 10W-40 oil, widely used in truck diesel engines, and ELF Evolution 700 STI oil, used in passenger car gasoline engines, were chosen as used semi-synthetic motor oils. The influence of the main factors of process control (the amount of urea, duration, and temperature) on the change in the functional properties of refined motor oils was studied. It was established that the lowest values of defective indicators (acid number, water content, ash content, content of mechanical impurities) were obtained at 140 ºС, duration of 80 min., and 5 mass. % of crystalline urea. In addition, there is a slight increase in the values of kinematic viscosity and viscosity index. The method of X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed that the content of metals decreased in urea-treated oils compared to used ones. IR spectroscopic research demonstrated that under the established optimal conditions of the purification process with crystalline urea, the content of oxygen-containing \"aging\" products (aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, esters, organic acids) in purified semi-synthetic motor oils significantly decreased. It is proposed to use the process of cleaning used semi-synthetic motor oils in the presence of crystalline urea as an intermediate stage of the combined technological cycle of regeneration of used motor oils.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72765346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.07
Viktor Ivanovich Bulavin, Ivan Nikolaevich Vyunnik, Alexander Ivanovich Rusinov, A. Kramarenko
The thermodynamic quantities of dissociation of contact and solvent-separated ion pairs into ions, conversion of contact ion pairs into solvent-separated ion pairs of HBr ionogen in n-alcohols from methyl to n-octyl have been calculated by the procedure we set forth earlier for the HCl – n-alcohol systems in the same solvents at 278.15–328.15 K. The following regularities were established in this work: a) positive values of ΔdisGº of contact and solvent-separated ion pairs increase with increasing temperature, the number of carbon atoms in the n-alcohol molecule, and decreasing radius of halide ion, and their sign and magnitude are determined by the entropic component (–TΔdis Sº). In this case, the values of ΔdisGº of contact ion pairs exceed the same values for solvent-separated ion pairs; b) ΔconvGº values for HCl and HBr are also positive, except for ΔconvGº values in methanol at 278.15–328.15 K and HBr solutions at the same temperatures in ethanol. For these cases, by contrast, ΔdisGº(RIP) > ΔdisGº(CIP) and ΔconvGº are negative. As the temperature and radius of the halide ion increase, ΔconvGº become more negative, and vice versa as the hydrocarbon radical increases; c) the concentration of contact ion pairs increases in the methanol-n-octanol series, decreases slightly with increasing temperature and anion radius, and changes within ~30 % (methanol) to 95 % (n-octanol) at 278.15 K. In methanol, solvent-separated ion pairs predominate; in ethanol, the concentration of both types of ion pairs is approximately the same; in other n-octanols, contact ion pairs predominate.
{"title":"ION PAIR CONVERSION THERMODYNAMICS IN HYDROGEN BROMIDE ALCOHOL SOLUTIONS","authors":"Viktor Ivanovich Bulavin, Ivan Nikolaevich Vyunnik, Alexander Ivanovich Rusinov, A. Kramarenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"The thermodynamic quantities of dissociation of contact and solvent-separated ion pairs into ions, conversion of contact ion pairs into solvent-separated ion pairs of HBr ionogen in n-alcohols from methyl to n-octyl have been calculated by the procedure we set forth earlier for the HCl – n-alcohol systems in the same solvents at 278.15–328.15 K. The following regularities were established in this work: a) positive values of ΔdisGº of contact and solvent-separated ion pairs increase with increasing temperature, the number of carbon atoms in the n-alcohol molecule, and decreasing radius of halide ion, and their sign and magnitude are determined by the entropic component (–TΔdis Sº). In this case, the values of ΔdisGº of contact ion pairs exceed the same values for solvent-separated ion pairs; b) ΔconvGº values for HCl and HBr are also positive, except for ΔconvGº values in methanol at 278.15–328.15 K and HBr solutions at the same temperatures in ethanol. For these cases, by contrast, ΔdisGº(RIP) > ΔdisGº(CIP) and ΔconvGº are negative. As the temperature and radius of the halide ion increase, ΔconvGº become more negative, and vice versa as the hydrocarbon radical increases; c) the concentration of contact ion pairs increases in the methanol-n-octanol series, decreases slightly with increasing temperature and anion radius, and changes within ~30 % (methanol) to 95 % (n-octanol) at 278.15 K. In methanol, solvent-separated ion pairs predominate; in ethanol, the concentration of both types of ion pairs is approximately the same; in other n-octanols, contact ion pairs predominate.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88235145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.02
V. V. Lebedev, D. Miroshnichenko, Dmytro Oleksandrovich Savchenko, G. Cherkashina, Еvgenia Ihorivna Lytvynenko
The peculiarities of the technology of hybrid modification of lignite humic acids of biodegradable films based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose are considered. As a result of the conducted research, hybrid biodegradable films with antibacterial properties were obtained for the first time. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose of the Walocel brand was used for the production of biodegradable films, and citric acid (99.88%) according to GOST 3652 is used as a catalyst for crosslinking biodegradable polymer films. As part of the research, the hybrid structures of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose modified with different types of humic acids were actually determined by IR spectroscopy. As a result of the study, the regularities of changes in the time of appearance of mold of films within the framework of the technology of hybrid modification with lignite humic acids were established. It was also established that the technology of hybrid modification of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose films with humic acids of lignite and giving them antibacterial properties allows to preserve the properties of biodegradation. It was established that the technology of hybrid modification of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose with lignite humic acids of biodegradable hydroxypropylmethylcellulose films with different types of humic acids, while giving them antibacterial properties, allows the biodegradation of films based on them to be at least 91% within 6 months with an optimal humic acid content of 10% by mass. Biodegradable films with bactericidal properties based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, obtained according to the technology of hybrid modification with humic acids of lignite, in terms of their operational characteristics, are superior to known similar biodegradable films based on natural biopolymers and can be recommended for the manufacture of packaging of dry food products (bread, cereals, nuts, etc.) with an extended storage period.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGY OF HYBRID MODIFICATION WITH HUMIC ACIDS OF BROWN COAL HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYL CELLULOSE FILMS","authors":"V. V. Lebedev, D. Miroshnichenko, Dmytro Oleksandrovich Savchenko, G. Cherkashina, Еvgenia Ihorivna Lytvynenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The peculiarities of the technology of hybrid modification of lignite humic acids of biodegradable films based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose are considered. As a result of the conducted research, hybrid biodegradable films with antibacterial properties were obtained for the first time. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose of the Walocel brand was used for the production of biodegradable films, and citric acid (99.88%) according to GOST 3652 is used as a catalyst for crosslinking biodegradable polymer films. As part of the research, the hybrid structures of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose modified with different types of humic acids were actually determined by IR spectroscopy. As a result of the study, the regularities of changes in the time of appearance of mold of films within the framework of the technology of hybrid modification with lignite humic acids were established. It was also established that the technology of hybrid modification of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose films with humic acids of lignite and giving them antibacterial properties allows to preserve the properties of biodegradation. It was established that the technology of hybrid modification of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose with lignite humic acids of biodegradable hydroxypropylmethylcellulose films with different types of humic acids, while giving them antibacterial properties, allows the biodegradation of films based on them to be at least 91% within 6 months with an optimal humic acid content of 10% by mass. Biodegradable films with bactericidal properties based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, obtained according to the technology of hybrid modification with humic acids of lignite, in terms of their operational characteristics, are superior to known similar biodegradable films based on natural biopolymers and can be recommended for the manufacture of packaging of dry food products (bread, cereals, nuts, etc.) with an extended storage period.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73962639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.08
E. Khobotova, V. Datsenko
The problem of obtaining effective sorption materials is relevant in connection with the growing volumes of industrial wastewater and the development of individual technologies for their purification, including sorption methods. Activated carbon has established itself as a unique sorbent with a high sorption capacity for compounds of various nature. Modification of its surface, its oxidation leads to an increase in adsorption activity. The aim of this work is to compare the sorption properties of oxidized and non-oxidized activated carbon with respect to copper(II) ions. The concentration of Cu(II) ions in the solution was determined by atomic absorption analysis on an MGA-915 spectrometer. The degree of coal oxidation was characterized by the value of the static exchange capacity. Studies on the model synthetic nitrogen-containing carbon SKN showed the presence of different amounts of oxygen-containing surface functional groups: weakly acidic (lactonic) ‒COO‒; strongly acidic (carboxylic) ‒COOH; phenolic ‒OH. It is shown that without access to oxygen, the mechanisms of interaction of activated carbon of different oxidation states with Cu(II) ions are different: when weakly oxidized carbon is used, reductive sorption occurs, and if highly oxidized carbon serves as a sorbent, ion exchange occurs. It was found that for SKN coal with a low oxygen content, the boundary sorption of Cu(II) ions in a deaerated medium is about 40 mg/g; in the presence of oxygen, it decreases to 6 mg/g. An increase in the proportion of carboxyl and phenolic groups leads to an increase in the sorption of Cu(II) ions. Reductive sorption of copper(II) from aerated solutions is thermodynamically prohibited. It is recommended to use additional oxidation of coal to increase the content of PFG and the sorption capacity of the sorbent. For the extraction of copper(II) from aqueous technological solutions, carbon materials with a sufficient amount of oxygen-containing functional groups of various nature are most effective.
{"title":"SORPTION PROPERTIES OF OXIDIZED AND NON-OXIDIZED ACTIVATED CARBON FOR COPPER(II) IONS","authors":"E. Khobotova, V. Datsenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of obtaining effective sorption materials is relevant in connection with the growing volumes of industrial wastewater and the development of individual technologies for their purification, including sorption methods. Activated carbon has established itself as a unique sorbent with a high sorption capacity for compounds of various nature. Modification of its surface, its oxidation leads to an increase in adsorption activity. The aim of this work is to compare the sorption properties of oxidized and non-oxidized activated carbon with respect to copper(II) ions. The concentration of Cu(II) ions in the solution was determined by atomic absorption analysis on an MGA-915 spectrometer. The degree of coal oxidation was characterized by the value of the static exchange capacity. Studies on the model synthetic nitrogen-containing carbon SKN showed the presence of different amounts of oxygen-containing surface functional groups: weakly acidic (lactonic) ‒COO‒; strongly acidic (carboxylic) ‒COOH; phenolic ‒OH. It is shown that without access to oxygen, the mechanisms of interaction of activated carbon of different oxidation states with Cu(II) ions are different: when weakly oxidized carbon is used, reductive sorption occurs, and if highly oxidized carbon serves as a sorbent, ion exchange occurs. It was found that for SKN coal with a low oxygen content, the boundary sorption of Cu(II) ions in a deaerated medium is about 40 mg/g; in the presence of oxygen, it decreases to 6 mg/g. An increase in the proportion of carboxyl and phenolic groups leads to an increase in the sorption of Cu(II) ions. Reductive sorption of copper(II) from aerated solutions is thermodynamically prohibited. It is recommended to use additional oxidation of coal to increase the content of PFG and the sorption capacity of the sorbent. For the extraction of copper(II) from aqueous technological solutions, carbon materials with a sufficient amount of oxygen-containing functional groups of various nature are most effective.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78602143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.03
T. Rymar
The article investigates the processes of swelling of liquid-glass compositions and the production of heat-insulating materials based on them under convective and microwave heating. In the work, it was established that the nature of the swelling curves of liquid-glass compositions under the conditions of microwave radiation and convective heating are significantly different. Thus, during convection heating, there is an induction period, but then the speed increases sharply and then the process gradually slows down. In the case of microwave radiation, there is no induction period, and the process proceeds at a high speed from the very beginning, and then slows down as the concentration of gas-forming substances decreases. In contrast to the swelling process under the influence of microwave radiation, during convective heating, the process proceeds uniformly with gradual release of water, as a result of which the material is mostly dried, and not swollen. A comparative analysis of the processes of swelling of liquid-glass compositions under convective and microwave heating showed a higher efficiency of swelling with the help of microwave radiation. The necessary duration of such heat treatment is 8-10 minutes. The materials obtained by convective heating at a temperature of 300 0C are the closest to such materials in terms of the swelling coefficient, the duration of such heating lasts more than 15 minutes. In addition, the calculated efficiency of the microwave installation is almost two times higher than the efficiency of the drying installation, for example, it is 0.79 for the microwave installation, and only 0.46 for the drying installation. Therefore, under the influence of microwave radiation, it is possible to produce effective heat-insulating materials based on liquid glass at lower temperatures and during a significantly shorter heat treatment time, compared to traditional convective heating. The work presents industrial microwave installations that can be used for the swelling process. These are chamber microwave installations of periodic action, which are used mainly for drying or heating large-sized products.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF UHF INSTALLATIONS FOR THE MANUFACTUREOF MOLDED THERMAL INSULATION PRODUCTS BASED ON LIQUID GLASS","authors":"T. Rymar","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the processes of swelling of liquid-glass compositions and the production of heat-insulating materials based on them under convective and microwave heating. In the work, it was established that the nature of the swelling curves of liquid-glass compositions under the conditions of microwave radiation and convective heating are significantly different. Thus, during convection heating, there is an induction period, but then the speed increases sharply and then the process gradually slows down. In the case of microwave radiation, there is no induction period, and the process proceeds at a high speed from the very beginning, and then slows down as the concentration of gas-forming substances decreases. In contrast to the swelling process under the influence of microwave radiation, during convective heating, the process proceeds uniformly with gradual release of water, as a result of which the material is mostly dried, and not swollen. A comparative analysis of the processes of swelling of liquid-glass compositions under convective and microwave heating showed a higher efficiency of swelling with the help of microwave radiation. The necessary duration of such heat treatment is 8-10 minutes. The materials obtained by convective heating at a temperature of 300 0C are the closest to such materials in terms of the swelling coefficient, the duration of such heating lasts more than 15 minutes. In addition, the calculated efficiency of the microwave installation is almost two times higher than the efficiency of the drying installation, for example, it is 0.79 for the microwave installation, and only 0.46 for the drying installation. Therefore, under the influence of microwave radiation, it is possible to produce effective heat-insulating materials based on liquid glass at lower temperatures and during a significantly shorter heat treatment time, compared to traditional convective heating. The work presents industrial microwave installations that can be used for the swelling process. These are chamber microwave installations of periodic action, which are used mainly for drying or heating large-sized products.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79892213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.05
Houssein Seif
As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the urgent task is the development of methods for regime-technological and hardware-constructive optimization of the separation equipment of gas preparation plants. At the same time, attention should be paid not only to empirical dependencies, but also to numerical simulations. Preparation and processing of oil and gas are technological processes that are implemented with the help of technological lines, which in turn consist of a significant amount of basic equipment. At the same time, the existing installations are not always highly efficient and require improvement, since over time the amount of target components in the raw materials extracted from the well decreases, and the content of water, paraffins and other harmful impurities increases. This forces to increase the intensity of separation and mass exchange processes. The proposed technique for optimizing technological and structural calculations of separation equipment (separators of the first and second stages) of the gas preparation plant, which allows determining the rational structural dimensions and optimal operational parameters to ensure a high degree of separation of the components of the gas mixture. For the numerical study and optimization of chemical-technological processes of gas preparation plants intended for the production of hydrocarbon products, the methods of static and dynamic optimization simulations of chemical-technological processes were chosen using tools of CAE-systems of thermodynamic modeling, which made it possible to quickly and accurately use known mathematical models calculate heat and material balances of both individual technological equipment and installations as a whole. This made it possible to obtain the maximum efficiency of the equipment and the efficiency of the installations as a whole. The simulated operation of the atmospheric hydrocarbon processing plant and the hydrocarbon gas preparation plant for which the optimal operating modes of the separators of the first and second stages of the hydrocarbon gas preparation plant are determined.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF SEPARATORS OF THE GAS PREPARATION INSTALLATION","authors":"Houssein Seif","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the urgent task is the development of methods for regime-technological and hardware-constructive optimization of the separation equipment of gas preparation plants. At the same time, attention should be paid not only to empirical dependencies, but also to numerical simulations. Preparation and processing of oil and gas are technological processes that are implemented with the help of technological lines, which in turn consist of a significant amount of basic equipment. At the same time, the existing installations are not always highly efficient and require improvement, since over time the amount of target components in the raw materials extracted from the well decreases, and the content of water, paraffins and other harmful impurities increases. This forces to increase the intensity of separation and mass exchange processes. The proposed technique for optimizing technological and structural calculations of separation equipment (separators of the first and second stages) of the gas preparation plant, which allows determining the rational structural dimensions and optimal operational parameters to ensure a high degree of separation of the components of the gas mixture. For the numerical study and optimization of chemical-technological processes of gas preparation plants intended for the production of hydrocarbon products, the methods of static and dynamic optimization simulations of chemical-technological processes were chosen using tools of CAE-systems of thermodynamic modeling, which made it possible to quickly and accurately use known mathematical models calculate heat and material balances of both individual technological equipment and installations as a whole. This made it possible to obtain the maximum efficiency of the equipment and the efficiency of the installations as a whole. The simulated operation of the atmospheric hydrocarbon processing plant and the hydrocarbon gas preparation plant for which the optimal operating modes of the separators of the first and second stages of the hydrocarbon gas preparation plant are determined.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74178658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.04
Yu. Laziebna, V. Dmytrenko
The article discusses the issue of the resource potential of tight terrigenous gas-saturated reservoirs, which lie at significant depths within the central part of the Dnipro-Donetsk oil and gas-bearing region, and ways to solve problems related to the methods of development of these deposits, since they are non-convective and cannot be extracted by the classical method. Within the scope of this issue, the article considers the method of hydraulic fracturing as one of the most effective ways of causing the inflow of hydrocarbons from the productive horizon and intensifying the development of hard-to-extract deposits. An overview of fracturing substances used for the process of densification of rocks, in particular, liquids based on water, hydrocarbon, acid bases, liquid-free methods and foam systems, was performed. The compositions of the reagents, the features of their use, and their main disadvantages are listed. Examples of world experience in the use of well-known fracturing fluids and fluid-free methods of reservoir densification are given.In this work, attention is focused on increasing the permeability of rocks through the use of foam acid systems, since, as experience shows, they are highly effective in conditions of tightand heterogeneous reservoirs due to their selectivity, they can be adapted to rocks of various lithological and mineralogical composition and a wide range thermo-baric conditions, they have satisfactory transport properties and the ability to cause self-cleaning of the well.The main reasons for popularizing the use of methods of loosening rocks with a minimum liquid content in the composition of explosive substances for unconventional gas deposits of Ukraine are highlighted. It is recommended to carry out work on the creation of more effective, ecological and economically profitable new or improvement of existing disintegrants, especially foam systems.
{"title":"FOAM ACID FRACTURE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO STANDARD FRACKING AND LIQUID-LESS METHODS OF ROCKS LIQUIDATION","authors":"Yu. Laziebna, V. Dmytrenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2023.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the issue of the resource potential of tight terrigenous gas-saturated reservoirs, which lie at significant depths within the central part of the Dnipro-Donetsk oil and gas-bearing region, and ways to solve problems related to the methods of development of these deposits, since they are non-convective and cannot be extracted by the classical method. Within the scope of this issue, the article considers the method of hydraulic fracturing as one of the most effective ways of causing the inflow of hydrocarbons from the productive horizon and intensifying the development of hard-to-extract deposits. An overview of fracturing substances used for the process of densification of rocks, in particular, liquids based on water, hydrocarbon, acid bases, liquid-free methods and foam systems, was performed. The compositions of the reagents, the features of their use, and their main disadvantages are listed. Examples of world experience in the use of well-known fracturing fluids and fluid-free methods of reservoir densification are given.In this work, attention is focused on increasing the permeability of rocks through the use of foam acid systems, since, as experience shows, they are highly effective in conditions of tightand heterogeneous reservoirs due to their selectivity, they can be adapted to rocks of various lithological and mineralogical composition and a wide range thermo-baric conditions, they have satisfactory transport properties and the ability to cause self-cleaning of the well.The main reasons for popularizing the use of methods of loosening rocks with a minimum liquid content in the composition of explosive substances for unconventional gas deposits of Ukraine are highlighted. It is recommended to carry out work on the creation of more effective, ecological and economically profitable new or improvement of existing disintegrants, especially foam systems.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88875415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2022.07
O. Savvova, V. Tymofieiev, H. Voronov, O. Fesenko
The necessity of creating innovative protective structures for armoring machinery and equipment is analyzed. A comparative analysis of high-strength materials used for local and individual body armor has been carried out. The relevance of the development of domestic universal armored materials that combine high strength properties and radio transparency based on lightweight technological magnesium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic materials with high performance properties at the level of world analogues has been determined. Were formulated the purpose and tasks of the work, which consist in: analysis of the current state of development of glass-ceramic materials for armor protection; development of magnesium-aluminosilicate glass-ceramic materials with high armor resistance, impact resistance and radio transparency; investigation of the operational properties of the developed glass-ceramic materials and their armor resistance; assessment of the competitiveness of the developed glass-ceramic materials. A set of requirements for a glass matrix for obtaining protective glass-ceramic materials has been formulated. Compositions and technological parameters for the production of glass-ceramic materials under the conditions of two-stage low-temperature heat treatment have been developed. The study of the electrical properties of experimental glass-ceramic materials made it possible to establish the possibility of effective functioning of on-board wireless communication systems when using the developed materials as elements of armor protection. It was found that the developed glass-ceramic materials are characterized by high operational properties (KCU = 5.8 kJ/m2; HV = 10.4 GPa; K1C = 8.5 MPa∙m1/2) and armor resistance STANAG 4569 (level 2). The competitiveness of the developed glass-ceramic materials based on mullite is analyzed. It has been established that a significant increase in fracture toughness and a decrease in the density of the developed material when comparing properties with a similar armor element (corundum-based plate) will significantly reduce the weight of the armor elements by ≈1.4 times and its cost by five times, while maintaining its protective properties.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSAL HIGH-STRENGTH MAGNESIUM ALUMINOSILICATE GLASS-CERAMIC MATERIALS FOR ARMOR PROTECTION","authors":"O. Savvova, V. Tymofieiev, H. Voronov, O. Fesenko","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2022.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2022.07","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of creating innovative protective structures for armoring machinery and equipment is analyzed. A comparative analysis of high-strength materials used for local and individual body armor has been carried out. The relevance of the development of domestic universal armored materials that combine high strength properties and radio transparency based on lightweight technological magnesium aluminosilicate glass-ceramic materials with high performance properties at the level of world analogues has been determined. Were formulated the purpose and tasks of the work, which consist in: analysis of the current state of development of glass-ceramic materials for armor protection; development of magnesium-aluminosilicate glass-ceramic materials with high armor resistance, impact resistance and radio transparency; investigation of the operational properties of the developed glass-ceramic materials and their armor resistance; assessment of the competitiveness of the developed glass-ceramic materials. A set of requirements for a glass matrix for obtaining protective glass-ceramic materials has been formulated. Compositions and technological parameters for the production of glass-ceramic materials under the conditions of two-stage low-temperature heat treatment have been developed. The study of the electrical properties of experimental glass-ceramic materials made it possible to establish the possibility of effective functioning of on-board wireless communication systems when using the developed materials as elements of armor protection. It was found that the developed glass-ceramic materials are characterized by high operational properties (KCU = 5.8 kJ/m2; HV = 10.4 GPa; K1C = 8.5 MPa∙m1/2) and armor resistance STANAG 4569 (level 2). The competitiveness of the developed glass-ceramic materials based on mullite is analyzed. It has been established that a significant increase in fracture toughness and a decrease in the density of the developed material when comparing properties with a similar armor element (corundum-based plate) will significantly reduce the weight of the armor elements by ≈1.4 times and its cost by five times, while maintaining its protective properties.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79110608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.20998/2079-0821.2022.05
A. Djenyuk, M. Sakhnenko, H. Karakurkchi, A. Galak, S. Indykov, Gulmira Yar-Mukhamedova
An analysis of the physical and chemical foundations of the synthesis of photocatalytic materials on metal platforms was carried out in terms of the restructuring of the country's industrial production according to the new Industry 4.0 paradigm. Possible ways to improve the functional properties of such materials are determined using titanium dioxide as the most effective and accessible material for creating photocatalysts by doping with non-metal and metal compounds or creating composites and non-stoichiometric oxides as an example. A variant way of creating heterooxide composites by inversion of the elements of the structure-forming matrices and the strengthening phase is proposed. A detailed analysis of the problems arising during the surface treatment of high-alloy valve metal alloys by electrochemical technologies is given, and directions for solving such problems due to the homogenization of the surface layers of the processed materials are determined. A technological scheme for the implementation of such a methodology for variable scenarios using plasma-electrolyte oxidation is proposed. The difference in the electrochemical characteristics of heterooxide composites depending on the nature of the dopants was established, which is fully consistent with the nature of the latter.
{"title":"PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF PHOTOCATALYSIS","authors":"A. Djenyuk, M. Sakhnenko, H. Karakurkchi, A. Galak, S. Indykov, Gulmira Yar-Mukhamedova","doi":"10.20998/2079-0821.2022.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2079-0821.2022.05","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of the physical and chemical foundations of the synthesis of photocatalytic materials on metal platforms was carried out in terms of the restructuring of the country's industrial production according to the new Industry 4.0 paradigm. Possible ways to improve the functional properties of such materials are determined using titanium dioxide as the most effective and accessible material for creating photocatalysts by doping with non-metal and metal compounds or creating composites and non-stoichiometric oxides as an example. A variant way of creating heterooxide composites by inversion of the elements of the structure-forming matrices and the strengthening phase is proposed. A detailed analysis of the problems arising during the surface treatment of high-alloy valve metal alloys by electrochemical technologies is given, and directions for solving such problems due to the homogenization of the surface layers of the processed materials are determined. A technological scheme for the implementation of such a methodology for variable scenarios using plasma-electrolyte oxidation is proposed. The difference in the electrochemical characteristics of heterooxide composites depending on the nature of the dopants was established, which is fully consistent with the nature of the latter.","PeriodicalId":9407,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Technical University \"KhPI\". Series: Chemistry, Chemical Technology and Ecology","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83365017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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