Pub Date : 2024-08-27DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01034-6
Nitya Rao, Lee Hooper, Heather Gray, Natasha Grist, Johanna Forster, Julie Bremner, Ghezal Sabir, Matthew Heaton, Nisha Marwaha, Sudarshan Thakur, Abraham Wanyama, Liangzi Zhang
Post-harvest practices and technologies are key to reducing global aquatic harvest loss. The lives of post-harvest fisheries workers, over half of them women, are deeply affected by these technologies, but their equity and equality outcomes are poorly understood. This systematic review synthesizes evidence of post-harvest aquatic food processing technology outcomes, showing that persistent inequalities in social structure and norms disadvantage women across a range of technologies, both traditional and improved, especially regarding control over resources. We found that improved technologies bring enhanced productivity and possibly income for workers, yet contracts are often precarious due to pre-existing social inequities. While power and control of resources is more unequal in factory settings, it is not necessarily equal in traditional contexts either, despite offering greater flexibility. More rigorous comparative research, including voices of diverse actors, is key to understanding the impacts of different technologies on gender equality and social justice and inform policymaking. Fisheries and aquaculture production are key to livelihoods, food and nutrition, yet over one-third of global aquatic harvest is lost or wasted. The post-harvest sector, key to reducing these losses, and dominated by women workers, is not well understood. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on equity and equality outcomes of post-harvest practices and technologies that aim to reduce loss and waste in the fisheries sector.
{"title":"A systematic review of the impact of post-harvest aquatic food processing technology on gender equality and social justice","authors":"Nitya Rao, Lee Hooper, Heather Gray, Natasha Grist, Johanna Forster, Julie Bremner, Ghezal Sabir, Matthew Heaton, Nisha Marwaha, Sudarshan Thakur, Abraham Wanyama, Liangzi Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01034-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01034-6","url":null,"abstract":"Post-harvest practices and technologies are key to reducing global aquatic harvest loss. The lives of post-harvest fisheries workers, over half of them women, are deeply affected by these technologies, but their equity and equality outcomes are poorly understood. This systematic review synthesizes evidence of post-harvest aquatic food processing technology outcomes, showing that persistent inequalities in social structure and norms disadvantage women across a range of technologies, both traditional and improved, especially regarding control over resources. We found that improved technologies bring enhanced productivity and possibly income for workers, yet contracts are often precarious due to pre-existing social inequities. While power and control of resources is more unequal in factory settings, it is not necessarily equal in traditional contexts either, despite offering greater flexibility. More rigorous comparative research, including voices of diverse actors, is key to understanding the impacts of different technologies on gender equality and social justice and inform policymaking. Fisheries and aquaculture production are key to livelihoods, food and nutrition, yet over one-third of global aquatic harvest is lost or wasted. The post-harvest sector, key to reducing these losses, and dominated by women workers, is not well understood. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on equity and equality outcomes of post-harvest practices and technologies that aim to reduce loss and waste in the fisheries sector.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01041-7
Not only does the problem persist, but it is also getting worse. Nature Food’s Collection ‘Loss and waste in food systems’ is a contribution to the debate on drivers, impacts and solutions.
{"title":"Food loss and waste","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01041-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01041-7","url":null,"abstract":"Not only does the problem persist, but it is also getting worse. Nature Food’s Collection ‘Loss and waste in food systems’ is a contribution to the debate on drivers, impacts and solutions.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-024-01041-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01022-w
Laura Pasitka, Guy Wissotsky, Muneef Ayyash, Nir Yarza, Gal Rosoff, Revital Kaminker, Yaakov Nahmias
Cellular agriculture aims to meet the growing demand for animal products. However, current production technologies result in low yields, leading to economic projections that prohibit cultivated meat scalability. Here we use tangential flow filtration for continuous manufacturing of cultivated meat to produce biomass of up to 130 × 106 cells per ml, corresponding to yields of 43% w/v and multiple harvests for over 20 days. Continuous manufacturing was carried out in an animal-component-free culture medium for US$0.63 l−1 that supports the long-term, high density culture of chicken cells. Using this empirical data, we conducted a techno-economic analysis for a theoretical production facility of 50,000 l, showing that the cost of cultivated chicken can drop to within the range of organic chicken at US$6.2 lb−1 by using perfusion technology. Whereas other variables would also affect actual market prices, continuous manufacturing can offer cost reductions for scaling up cultivated meat production. Data from tangential flow filtration experiments using cell culture medium without animal products are used to estimate the costs of scaled-up, continuous cultivated chicken manufacturing.
{"title":"Empirical economic analysis shows cost-effective continuous manufacturing of cultivated chicken using animal-free medium","authors":"Laura Pasitka, Guy Wissotsky, Muneef Ayyash, Nir Yarza, Gal Rosoff, Revital Kaminker, Yaakov Nahmias","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01022-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01022-w","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular agriculture aims to meet the growing demand for animal products. However, current production technologies result in low yields, leading to economic projections that prohibit cultivated meat scalability. Here we use tangential flow filtration for continuous manufacturing of cultivated meat to produce biomass of up to 130 × 106 cells per ml, corresponding to yields of 43% w/v and multiple harvests for over 20 days. Continuous manufacturing was carried out in an animal-component-free culture medium for US$0.63 l−1 that supports the long-term, high density culture of chicken cells. Using this empirical data, we conducted a techno-economic analysis for a theoretical production facility of 50,000 l, showing that the cost of cultivated chicken can drop to within the range of organic chicken at US$6.2 lb−1 by using perfusion technology. Whereas other variables would also affect actual market prices, continuous manufacturing can offer cost reductions for scaling up cultivated meat production. Data from tangential flow filtration experiments using cell culture medium without animal products are used to estimate the costs of scaled-up, continuous cultivated chicken manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-21DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01033-7
Dimitrios I. Gerogiorgis
A techno-economic analysis demonstrates that cultivated chicken can be produced for under US$7 per pound when bioprocesses are scaled to reach the required throughput. By using lab-scale experimental data and empirical correlations, this study unveils important factors that can render industrial-scale cultivated chicken production commercially viable.
{"title":"Towards a competitive cost for industrial-scale cultivated chicken production","authors":"Dimitrios I. Gerogiorgis","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01033-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01033-7","url":null,"abstract":"A techno-economic analysis demonstrates that cultivated chicken can be produced for under US$7 per pound when bioprocesses are scaled to reach the required throughput. By using lab-scale experimental data and empirical correlations, this study unveils important factors that can render industrial-scale cultivated chicken production commercially viable.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142013809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01030-w
Irina Herzon, Rachel Mazac, Maijaliisa Erkkola, Tara Garnett, Helena Hansson, Malin Jonell, Minna Kaljonen, Teea Kortetmäki, Marjukka Lamminen, Annika Lonkila, Mari Niva, Anne-Maria Pajari, Theresa Tribaldos, Marjaana Toivonen, Hanna L. Tuomisto, Kari Koppelmäki, Elin Röös
A focus on improvements to livestock production limits the scope for food systems transformation. Research, policy and industry must adopt measures to downsize livestock production and consumption to meet sustainability targets and facilitate a just transition.
{"title":"Both downsizing and improvements to livestock systems are needed to stay within planetary boundaries","authors":"Irina Herzon, Rachel Mazac, Maijaliisa Erkkola, Tara Garnett, Helena Hansson, Malin Jonell, Minna Kaljonen, Teea Kortetmäki, Marjukka Lamminen, Annika Lonkila, Mari Niva, Anne-Maria Pajari, Theresa Tribaldos, Marjaana Toivonen, Hanna L. Tuomisto, Kari Koppelmäki, Elin Röös","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01030-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01030-w","url":null,"abstract":"A focus on improvements to livestock production limits the scope for food systems transformation. Research, policy and industry must adopt measures to downsize livestock production and consumption to meet sustainability targets and facilitate a just transition.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01018-6
Eva-Marie Meemken, Inbal Becker-Reshef, Laurens Klerkx, Sanneke Kloppenburg, Jan Dirk Wegner, Robert Finger
Monitoring systems that incentivize, track and verify compliance with social and environmental standards are widespread in food systems. In particular, digital monitoring approaches using remote sensing, machine learning, big data, smartphones, platforms and blockchain are proliferating. The increasing use and availability of these technologies put us at a critical juncture to leverage these innovations for enhanced transparency, fairness and open access, rather than descending into a dystopian landscape of digital surveillance and division perpetuated by a powerful few. Here we discuss opportunities and risks, and highlight research gaps linked to the ongoing digitalization of monitoring approaches. The increasing availability of digital technologies for monitoring food systems creates an opportunity for enhanced transparency, fairness and open access. This Perspective discusses these issues, as well as eventual risks and research gaps associated with them.
{"title":"Digital innovations for monitoring sustainability in food systems","authors":"Eva-Marie Meemken, Inbal Becker-Reshef, Laurens Klerkx, Sanneke Kloppenburg, Jan Dirk Wegner, Robert Finger","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01018-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01018-6","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring systems that incentivize, track and verify compliance with social and environmental standards are widespread in food systems. In particular, digital monitoring approaches using remote sensing, machine learning, big data, smartphones, platforms and blockchain are proliferating. The increasing use and availability of these technologies put us at a critical juncture to leverage these innovations for enhanced transparency, fairness and open access, rather than descending into a dystopian landscape of digital surveillance and division perpetuated by a powerful few. Here we discuss opportunities and risks, and highlight research gaps linked to the ongoing digitalization of monitoring approaches. The increasing availability of digital technologies for monitoring food systems creates an opportunity for enhanced transparency, fairness and open access. This Perspective discusses these issues, as well as eventual risks and research gaps associated with them.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141986544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01021-x
Lian Song, Ye Tao, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Scott X. Chang, Josep Peñuelas, Jishuang Zhang, Liangzhi You, Chuang Cai, Songhan Wang, Yu Jiang, Chuanqi Ma, Xiaoyuan Yan, Kang Ni, Dongming Wang, Yu Wang, Chunwu Zhu
The rising carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase future rice yields. However, variations in the CO2 fertilization effect (CFE) between rice subspecies and the influence of concurrent global warming introduce uncertainty in future global rice yield projections. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of rising carbon dioxide field experiments and employed crop modelling to assess future global rice yields for the top 14 rice producing countries. We found a robust parabolic relationship between rice CFE and temperature, with significant variations between rice subspecies. Our projections indicate that global rice production in the 2050s is expected to increase by 50.32 million tonnes (7.6%) due to CFE compared with historical production. Because low-income countries will experience higher temperatures, the gaps (difference of Δyield) between middle-to-high-income and low-income countries are projected to widen from the 2030s to the 2090s under elevated carbon dioxide. These findings underscore the critical role of CFE and emphasize the necessity to increase investments in research and technology for rice producing systems in low-income countries. Accurately predicting how much rising atmospheric carbon dioxide can increase rice production is important for managing global rice production. This study highlights that elevated carbon dioxide will boost rice yields more in middle-to-high-income countries than in low-income countries, and that this yield gap will continue to widen in the future.
{"title":"Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase gaps of rice yields between low- and middle-to-high-income countries","authors":"Lian Song, Ye Tao, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Scott X. Chang, Josep Peñuelas, Jishuang Zhang, Liangzhi You, Chuang Cai, Songhan Wang, Yu Jiang, Chuanqi Ma, Xiaoyuan Yan, Kang Ni, Dongming Wang, Yu Wang, Chunwu Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01021-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01021-x","url":null,"abstract":"The rising carbon dioxide concentrations are expected to increase future rice yields. However, variations in the CO2 fertilization effect (CFE) between rice subspecies and the influence of concurrent global warming introduce uncertainty in future global rice yield projections. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of rising carbon dioxide field experiments and employed crop modelling to assess future global rice yields for the top 14 rice producing countries. We found a robust parabolic relationship between rice CFE and temperature, with significant variations between rice subspecies. Our projections indicate that global rice production in the 2050s is expected to increase by 50.32 million tonnes (7.6%) due to CFE compared with historical production. Because low-income countries will experience higher temperatures, the gaps (difference of Δyield) between middle-to-high-income and low-income countries are projected to widen from the 2030s to the 2090s under elevated carbon dioxide. These findings underscore the critical role of CFE and emphasize the necessity to increase investments in research and technology for rice producing systems in low-income countries. Accurately predicting how much rising atmospheric carbon dioxide can increase rice production is important for managing global rice production. This study highlights that elevated carbon dioxide will boost rice yields more in middle-to-high-income countries than in low-income countries, and that this yield gap will continue to widen in the future.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141980953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-14DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01032-8
Irakli Loladze
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature unevenly affect the two main rice subspecies, which is predicted to increase the yield gap between low-income and middle- to high-income countries later this century.
{"title":"Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide widens yield gaps","authors":"Irakli Loladze","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01032-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01032-8","url":null,"abstract":"Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature unevenly affect the two main rice subspecies, which is predicted to increase the yield gap between low-income and middle- to high-income countries later this century.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141980926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-13DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01028-4
Emilie Vansant, Bowy den Braber, Charlotte Hall, Judith Kamoto, Florian Reiner, Johan Oldekop, Laura Vang Rasmussen
Food security policies often overlook the potential of trees to provide micronutrient-rich foods. Here, through causal mediation analysis, we show the positive effect of tree cover on micronutrient adequacy, explained by people sourcing food from on-farm trees. Detailed survey data (n = 460 households with repeated surveys) from Malawi were linked to high-resolution (3 m) tree-cover data to capture forest and non-forest trees. Our findings support integrating nutrition and landscape restoration policies. Trees are an important source of food. Combining household surveys with high-resolution land-cover data, a causal mediation analysis shows how sourcing food from on-farm trees mediates the positive effect of tree cover on micronutrient adequacy in Malawi.
{"title":"Food-sourcing from on-farm trees mediates positive relationships between tree cover and dietary quality in Malawi","authors":"Emilie Vansant, Bowy den Braber, Charlotte Hall, Judith Kamoto, Florian Reiner, Johan Oldekop, Laura Vang Rasmussen","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01028-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01028-4","url":null,"abstract":"Food security policies often overlook the potential of trees to provide micronutrient-rich foods. Here, through causal mediation analysis, we show the positive effect of tree cover on micronutrient adequacy, explained by people sourcing food from on-farm trees. Detailed survey data (n = 460 households with repeated surveys) from Malawi were linked to high-resolution (3 m) tree-cover data to capture forest and non-forest trees. Our findings support integrating nutrition and landscape restoration policies. Trees are an important source of food. Combining household surveys with high-resolution land-cover data, a causal mediation analysis shows how sourcing food from on-farm trees mediates the positive effect of tree cover on micronutrient adequacy in Malawi.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-024-01028-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01025-7
We employed a function-oriented single-cell Raman approach to identify, quantify and sequence active phosphorus solubilizing bacteria from complex soil matrices. The in situ behaviour of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria across diverse soil and fertilization regimes, as well as the key taxa driving active phosphorus solubilization and the genetic determinants underpinning this function, were identified.
{"title":"Single-cell exploration of the microbiota driving soil phosphorus mobilization","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01025-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01025-7","url":null,"abstract":"We employed a function-oriented single-cell Raman approach to identify, quantify and sequence active phosphorus solubilizing bacteria from complex soil matrices. The in situ behaviour of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria across diverse soil and fertilization regimes, as well as the key taxa driving active phosphorus solubilization and the genetic determinants underpinning this function, were identified.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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