Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00996-x
Collin R. Barnum, Bruna Paviani, Garret Couture, Chad Masarweh, Ye Chen, Yu-Ping Huang, Kasey Markel, David A. Mills, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Daniela Barile, Minliang Yang, Patrick M. Shih
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a diverse class of carbohydrates which support the health and development of infants. The vast health benefits of HMOs have made them a commercial target for microbial production; however, producing the approximately 200 structurally diverse HMOs at scale has proved difficult. Here we produce a diversity of HMOs by leveraging the robust carbohydrate anabolism of plants. This diversity includes high-value and complex HMOs, such as lacto-N-fucopentaose I. HMOs produced in transgenic plants provided strong bifidogenic properties, indicating their ability to serve as a prebiotic supplement with potential applications in adult and infant health. Technoeconomic analyses demonstrate that producing HMOs in plants provides a path to the large-scale production of specific HMOs at lower prices than microbial production platforms. Our work demonstrates the promise in leveraging plants for the low-cost and sustainable production of HMOs. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are essential carbohydrates for the early development of infants. In this study, the intrinsic carbohydrate anabolism of plants is leveraged to produce a variety of HMOs, highlighting the potential of this method for commercial applications.
{"title":"Engineered plants provide a photosynthetic platform for the production of diverse human milk oligosaccharides","authors":"Collin R. Barnum, Bruna Paviani, Garret Couture, Chad Masarweh, Ye Chen, Yu-Ping Huang, Kasey Markel, David A. Mills, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Daniela Barile, Minliang Yang, Patrick M. Shih","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-00996-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-00996-x","url":null,"abstract":"Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a diverse class of carbohydrates which support the health and development of infants. The vast health benefits of HMOs have made them a commercial target for microbial production; however, producing the approximately 200 structurally diverse HMOs at scale has proved difficult. Here we produce a diversity of HMOs by leveraging the robust carbohydrate anabolism of plants. This diversity includes high-value and complex HMOs, such as lacto-N-fucopentaose I. HMOs produced in transgenic plants provided strong bifidogenic properties, indicating their ability to serve as a prebiotic supplement with potential applications in adult and infant health. Technoeconomic analyses demonstrate that producing HMOs in plants provides a path to the large-scale production of specific HMOs at lower prices than microbial production platforms. Our work demonstrates the promise in leveraging plants for the low-cost and sustainable production of HMOs. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are essential carbohydrates for the early development of infants. In this study, the intrinsic carbohydrate anabolism of plants is leveraged to produce a variety of HMOs, highlighting the potential of this method for commercial applications.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-024-00996-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00995-y
Huayi Hu, Hao Du
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play a crucial role in infant health. Yet their production on a large scale presents challenges. A diverse range of HMOs can be effectively produced through plant-based methods, opening up the possibility of using HMOs as prebiotic supplements in a sustainable and cost-effective manner.
{"title":"A comprehensive framework for the production of plant-based molecules","authors":"Huayi Hu, Hao Du","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-00995-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-00995-y","url":null,"abstract":"Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play a crucial role in infant health. Yet their production on a large scale presents challenges. A diverse range of HMOs can be effectively produced through plant-based methods, opening up the possibility of using HMOs as prebiotic supplements in a sustainable and cost-effective manner.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contribution of crop and livestock production to the exceedance of the planetary boundary for phosphorus (P) in China is still unclear, despite the country’s well-known issues with P fertilizer overuse and P-related water pollution. Using coupled models at sub-basin scales we estimate that livestock production increased the consumption of P fertilizer fivefold and exacerbated P losses twofold from 1980 to 2017. At present, China’s crop–livestock system is responsible for exceeding what is considered a ‘just’ threshold for fertilizer P use by 30% (ranging from 17% to 68%) and a ‘safe’ water quality threshold by 45% (ranging from 31% to 74%) in 25 sub-basins in China. Improving the crop–livestock system will keep all sub-basins within safe water quality and just multigenerational limits for P in 2050. Sustainable phosphorus (P) management is central to food security and a healthy environment. This study quantifies the impacts of crop–livestock production on P use and losses at the sub-basin scale in China and evaluates the exceedance of a ‘safe’ and ‘just’ P planetary boundary.
{"title":"An optimized crop–livestock system can achieve a safe and just planetary boundary for phosphorus at the sub-basin level in China","authors":"Ling Liu, Zhaohai Bai, Jing Yang, Zengwei Yuan, Fei Lun, Mengru Wang, Maryna Strokal, Carolien Kroeze, Zhenling Cui, Xinping Chen, Lin Ma","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-00977-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-00977-0","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution of crop and livestock production to the exceedance of the planetary boundary for phosphorus (P) in China is still unclear, despite the country’s well-known issues with P fertilizer overuse and P-related water pollution. Using coupled models at sub-basin scales we estimate that livestock production increased the consumption of P fertilizer fivefold and exacerbated P losses twofold from 1980 to 2017. At present, China’s crop–livestock system is responsible for exceeding what is considered a ‘just’ threshold for fertilizer P use by 30% (ranging from 17% to 68%) and a ‘safe’ water quality threshold by 45% (ranging from 31% to 74%) in 25 sub-basins in China. Improving the crop–livestock system will keep all sub-basins within safe water quality and just multigenerational limits for P in 2050. Sustainable phosphorus (P) management is central to food security and a healthy environment. This study quantifies the impacts of crop–livestock production on P use and losses at the sub-basin scale in China and evaluates the exceedance of a ‘safe’ and ‘just’ P planetary boundary.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00948-5
Yadong Yu
Staying within the safe and just planetary boundary of phosphorus in China at the river-basin scale requires a systemic management strategy for the livestock sector.
要使中国流域范围内的磷含量保持在安全、公正的地球边界内，就需要对畜牧业采取系统的管理策略。
{"title":"Phosphorus planetary boundary at China’s river-basin scale","authors":"Yadong Yu","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-00948-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-00948-5","url":null,"abstract":"Staying within the safe and just planetary boundary of phosphorus in China at the river-basin scale requires a systemic management strategy for the livestock sector.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141287180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00999-8
Zhenong Jin, David Tilman
Crop diversity and cropland area stabilize food production as much as irrigation, but larger countries are likely to benefit more. This relationship can guide policy development and nation-specific management strategies in the pursuit of stable food supplies.
{"title":"Crop diversity benefits increase with nation size","authors":"Zhenong Jin, David Tilman","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-00999-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-00999-8","url":null,"abstract":"Crop diversity and cropland area stabilize food production as much as irrigation, but larger countries are likely to benefit more. This relationship can guide policy development and nation-specific management strategies in the pursuit of stable food supplies.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00984-1
Jon Sampedro
Circularity principles and tipping the ratio of animal- to plant-based proteins towards plant-based diets could largely reduce greenhouse gas emissions and land-use change impacts in the EU28, while avoiding micronutrient losses associated with lower animal-based protein intake.
{"title":"A sustainable protein ratio","authors":"Jon Sampedro","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-00984-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-00984-1","url":null,"abstract":"Circularity principles and tipping the ratio of animal- to plant-based proteins towards plant-based diets could largely reduce greenhouse gas emissions and land-use change impacts in the EU28, while avoiding micronutrient losses associated with lower animal-based protein intake.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00993-0
Mark Lawrence
Dietary patterns make a substantial contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Research is needed to investigate whether these dietary pattern-level GHG emission contributions can be disaggregated into food product-specific GHG emissions estimates and used to encourage citizens to switch from high- to low-emitting foods.
{"title":"Challenges associated with greenhouse gas emissions-related food guidance","authors":"Mark Lawrence","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-00993-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-00993-0","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary patterns make a substantial contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Research is needed to investigate whether these dietary pattern-level GHG emission contributions can be disaggregated into food product-specific GHG emissions estimates and used to encourage citizens to switch from high- to low-emitting foods.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00975-2
Wolfram J. Simon, Renske Hijbeek, Anita Frehner, Renee Cardinaals, Elise F. Talsma, Hannah H. E. van Zanten
Protein transition and circular food system transition are two proposed strategies for supporting food system sustainability. Here we model animal-sourced protein to plant-sourced protein ratios within a European circular food system, finding that maintaining the current animal–plant protein share while redesigning the system with circular principles resulted in the largest relative reduction of 44% in land use and 70% in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with the current food system. Shifting from a 60:40 to a 40:60 ratio of animal-sourced proteins to plant-sourced proteins yielded a 60% reduction in land use and an 81% GHG emission reduction, while supporting nutritionally adequate diets. Differences between current and recommended total protein intake did not substantially impact minimal land use and GHG emissions. Micronutrient inadequacies occurred with less than 18 g animal protein per capita per day. Redesigning the food system varied depending on whether land use or GHG emissions were reduced—highlighting the need for a food system approach when designing policies to enhance human and planetary health. Almost half of land use and nearly three-quarters of greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by adopting circularity principles and reducing the ratio of animal-sourced protein to plant-sourced protein from 60:40 to 40:60 in European diets.
{"title":"Circular food system approaches can support current European protein intake levels while reducing land use and greenhouse gas emissions","authors":"Wolfram J. Simon, Renske Hijbeek, Anita Frehner, Renee Cardinaals, Elise F. Talsma, Hannah H. E. van Zanten","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-00975-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-00975-2","url":null,"abstract":"Protein transition and circular food system transition are two proposed strategies for supporting food system sustainability. Here we model animal-sourced protein to plant-sourced protein ratios within a European circular food system, finding that maintaining the current animal–plant protein share while redesigning the system with circular principles resulted in the largest relative reduction of 44% in land use and 70% in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with the current food system. Shifting from a 60:40 to a 40:60 ratio of animal-sourced proteins to plant-sourced proteins yielded a 60% reduction in land use and an 81% GHG emission reduction, while supporting nutritionally adequate diets. Differences between current and recommended total protein intake did not substantially impact minimal land use and GHG emissions. Micronutrient inadequacies occurred with less than 18 g animal protein per capita per day. Redesigning the food system varied depending on whether land use or GHG emissions were reduced—highlighting the need for a food system approach when designing policies to enhance human and planetary health. Almost half of land use and nearly three-quarters of greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by adopting circularity principles and reducing the ratio of animal-sourced protein to plant-sourced protein from 60:40 to 40:60 in European diets.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-024-00975-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00971-6
Allison Gaines, Maria Shahid, Daisy Coyle, Eden Barrett, Michalis Hadjikakou, Jason H. Y. Wu, Fraser Taylor, Simone Pettigrew, Bruce Neal, Paraskevi Seferidi
Switching between similar food and beverage products may reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe). Here, using consumer data linked to 23,550 product-specific GHGe values, we estimated annual GHGe attributable to product purchases consumed at home in Australia and calculated reductions from specific switches. Potential changes to mean Health Star Rating, mean energy density and the proportion of ultraprocessed foods purchased were assessed. Approximately 31 million tonnes of GHGe were attributable to products consumed at home in 2019, the three highest contributors of GHGe being ‘meat and meat products’ (49%), ‘dairy’ (17%) and ‘non-alcoholic beverages’ (16%). Switching higher-emission products for ‘very similar’ lower-emission products could reduce total emissions by 26%. Switches to ‘less similar’ lower-emission products could lead to a 71% reduction. Switches had little impact on the average Health Star Rating, energy density of purchases and proportion of ultraprocessed foods purchased. Directing manufacturing and marketing towards lower-environmental-impact products and signposting such options to consumers are key. One strategy to reduce the ecological footprint of food systems is to replace higher-emissions food products with lower-emissions alternatives. This study estimates the potential impact of product switches in Australia within ‘very similar’ and ‘less similar’ food categories in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and the nutritional quality and energy density of consumer purchases.
{"title":"Switches in food and beverage product purchases can reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Australia","authors":"Allison Gaines, Maria Shahid, Daisy Coyle, Eden Barrett, Michalis Hadjikakou, Jason H. Y. Wu, Fraser Taylor, Simone Pettigrew, Bruce Neal, Paraskevi Seferidi","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-00971-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-00971-6","url":null,"abstract":"Switching between similar food and beverage products may reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe). Here, using consumer data linked to 23,550 product-specific GHGe values, we estimated annual GHGe attributable to product purchases consumed at home in Australia and calculated reductions from specific switches. Potential changes to mean Health Star Rating, mean energy density and the proportion of ultraprocessed foods purchased were assessed. Approximately 31 million tonnes of GHGe were attributable to products consumed at home in 2019, the three highest contributors of GHGe being ‘meat and meat products’ (49%), ‘dairy’ (17%) and ‘non-alcoholic beverages’ (16%). Switching higher-emission products for ‘very similar’ lower-emission products could reduce total emissions by 26%. Switches to ‘less similar’ lower-emission products could lead to a 71% reduction. Switches had little impact on the average Health Star Rating, energy density of purchases and proportion of ultraprocessed foods purchased. Directing manufacturing and marketing towards lower-environmental-impact products and signposting such options to consumers are key. One strategy to reduce the ecological footprint of food systems is to replace higher-emissions food products with lower-emissions alternatives. This study estimates the potential impact of product switches in Australia within ‘very similar’ and ‘less similar’ food categories in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and the nutritional quality and energy density of consumer purchases.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-024-00971-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-28DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00998-9
Biological diversity and food availability are intrinsically linked, yet trade-offs between them often arise. Further research is needed on the specific issues faced in different contexts and what could help overcome them.
{"title":"Biodiversity and food systems","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-00998-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-00998-9","url":null,"abstract":"Biological diversity and food availability are intrinsically linked, yet trade-offs between them often arise. Further research is needed on the specific issues faced in different contexts and what could help overcome them.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-024-00998-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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