Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01080-0
Tobias Dalhaus, Robert Finger, Asaf Tzachor, Niklas Möhring
Innovation in pesticide application is urgently needed. However, recent approaches, such as employing full-service pesticide contractors or utilizing artificial intelligence for pest control, may prioritize economic and production outcomes over environmental protection and public health. Here, we explore these propositions, their associated risks, and suggest a pathway for sustainable, risk-reduced pesticide decisions.
{"title":"Innovations for pesticide application must consider environmental impact","authors":"Tobias Dalhaus, Robert Finger, Asaf Tzachor, Niklas Möhring","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01080-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01080-0","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation in pesticide application is urgently needed. However, recent approaches, such as employing full-service pesticide contractors or utilizing artificial intelligence for pest control, may prioritize economic and production outcomes over environmental protection and public health. Here, we explore these propositions, their associated risks, and suggest a pathway for sustainable, risk-reduced pesticide decisions.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"5 12","pages":"969-971"},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01078-8
Nicholas J. Wareham
Proteomic signatures associated with healthy dietary patterns can link diets to disease outcomes. Yet, it is unclear what information can be obtained through the development of proteomic signatures, how they can be used to elucidate the mechanisms linking dietary patterns to disease outcomes and whether they have utility in predicting and preventing diet-related diseases.
{"title":"Proteomic scores and dietary patterns","authors":"Nicholas J. Wareham","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01078-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01078-8","url":null,"abstract":"Proteomic signatures associated with healthy dietary patterns can link diets to disease outcomes. Yet, it is unclear what information can be obtained through the development of proteomic signatures, how they can be used to elucidate the mechanisms linking dietary patterns to disease outcomes and whether they have utility in predicting and preventing diet-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"6 1","pages":"6-7"},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01075-x
Thomas Cherico Wanger, Estelle Raveloaritiana, Siyan Zeng, Haixiu Gao, Xueqing He, Yiwen Shao, Panlong Wu, Kris A. G. Wyckhuys, Wenwu Zhou, Yi Zou, Zengrong Zhu, Ling Li, Haiyan Cen, Yunhui Liu, Shenggen Fan
Land consolidation in China is seen as a key strategy to increase resource use efficiency while maintaining high yields, yet it often reduces crop diversity. Reconciling consolidation, diversity and agricultural technology is key for food and nutrition security.
{"title":"Co-benefits of agricultural diversification and technology for the environment and food security in China","authors":"Thomas Cherico Wanger, Estelle Raveloaritiana, Siyan Zeng, Haixiu Gao, Xueqing He, Yiwen Shao, Panlong Wu, Kris A. G. Wyckhuys, Wenwu Zhou, Yi Zou, Zengrong Zhu, Ling Li, Haiyan Cen, Yunhui Liu, Shenggen Fan","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01075-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01075-x","url":null,"abstract":"Land consolidation in China is seen as a key strategy to increase resource use efficiency while maintaining high yields, yet it often reduces crop diversity. Reconciling consolidation, diversity and agricultural technology is key for food and nutrition security.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"5 12","pages":"965-968"},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01074-y
Ouping Deng, Baojing Gu
Effective nitrogen management at the local scale, through targeted practices, can enhance agricultural sustainability. However, it also necessitates consideration of climate change and socio-economic transformations.
{"title":"Nitrogen management across croplands","authors":"Ouping Deng, Baojing Gu","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01074-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01074-y","url":null,"abstract":"Effective nitrogen management at the local scale, through targeted practices, can enhance agricultural sustainability. However, it also necessitates consideration of climate change and socio-economic transformations.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"5 12","pages":"974-975"},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01076-w
Luncheng You, Gerard H. Ros, Yongliang Chen, Fusuo Zhang, Wim de Vries
Nitrogen (N) losses from croplands substantially contribute to global N pollution. Assessing the reduction in N losses through improved N management practices is complex due to varying site conditions, such as land use, climate, soil properties and local farming methods. In this Article, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of improved practices on N loss reduction, analysing data from 1,065 studies with 6,753 pairs of observations comparing standard and optimized practices. Without considering site-specific conditions, optimized management practices can reduce N2O emissions by 3–39%, NH3 emissions by 15–68%, N run-off by 21–37% and N leaching by 19–52%. After considering local conditions and current practices, average reductions on a global scale were 31% for N2O, 23% for NH3, 18% for N run-off and 17% for N leaching. The effectiveness of N loss reduction was mainly influenced by optimized management practices and, to a lesser extent, site conditions. The results of this study underscore the importance of implementing optimized, site-specific management to effectively reduce N losses from global croplands. Increased agricultural nitrogen inputs lead to elevated nitrogen losses and may result in detrimental environmental impacts. This study uses meta-analyses to evaluate and predict changes in nitrogen losses to air and water in response to sustainable nutrient, crop and soil management practices.
{"title":"Optimized agricultural management reduces global cropland nitrogen losses to air and water","authors":"Luncheng You, Gerard H. Ros, Yongliang Chen, Fusuo Zhang, Wim de Vries","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01076-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01076-w","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) losses from croplands substantially contribute to global N pollution. Assessing the reduction in N losses through improved N management practices is complex due to varying site conditions, such as land use, climate, soil properties and local farming methods. In this Article, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of improved practices on N loss reduction, analysing data from 1,065 studies with 6,753 pairs of observations comparing standard and optimized practices. Without considering site-specific conditions, optimized management practices can reduce N2O emissions by 3–39%, NH3 emissions by 15–68%, N run-off by 21–37% and N leaching by 19–52%. After considering local conditions and current practices, average reductions on a global scale were 31% for N2O, 23% for NH3, 18% for N run-off and 17% for N leaching. The effectiveness of N loss reduction was mainly influenced by optimized management practices and, to a lesser extent, site conditions. The results of this study underscore the importance of implementing optimized, site-specific management to effectively reduce N losses from global croplands. Increased agricultural nitrogen inputs lead to elevated nitrogen losses and may result in detrimental environmental impacts. This study uses meta-analyses to evaluate and predict changes in nitrogen losses to air and water in response to sustainable nutrient, crop and soil management practices.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"5 12","pages":"995-1004"},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01077-9
Mojtaba Fakhraee, Noah J. Planavsky
Carbon removal from the atmosphere is needed to keep global mean temperature increases below 2 °C. Here, we develop a model to explore how alkalinity production through enhanced iron sulfide formation in low-oxygen aquatic environments, such as aquaculture systems, could offer a cost-effective means of CO2 removal. We show that enhanced sulfide burial through the supply of reactive iron to surface sediments may be able to capture up to a hundred million tonnes of CO2 per year, particularly in countries with the highest number of fish farms, such as China and Indonesia. These efforts could largely offset the carbon footprint associated with their aquaculture industry. Enhanced sulfide burial could directly benefit both fish farms and surrounding ecosystems by removing toxic sulfide from aquatic systems, providing an addition to durable global CO2 removal markets and a path towards large-scale, carbon-neutral aquatic food production. A model simulating the carbon cycle in low-oxygen aquatic environments suggests a potential pathway to increase alkalinity production and carbon dioxide uptake, offering an affordable and scalable method of carbon capture in aquaculture systems.
{"title":"Enhanced sulfide burial in low-oxygen aquatic environments could offset the carbon footprint of aquaculture production","authors":"Mojtaba Fakhraee, Noah J. Planavsky","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01077-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01077-9","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon removal from the atmosphere is needed to keep global mean temperature increases below 2 °C. Here, we develop a model to explore how alkalinity production through enhanced iron sulfide formation in low-oxygen aquatic environments, such as aquaculture systems, could offer a cost-effective means of CO2 removal. We show that enhanced sulfide burial through the supply of reactive iron to surface sediments may be able to capture up to a hundred million tonnes of CO2 per year, particularly in countries with the highest number of fish farms, such as China and Indonesia. These efforts could largely offset the carbon footprint associated with their aquaculture industry. Enhanced sulfide burial could directly benefit both fish farms and surrounding ecosystems by removing toxic sulfide from aquatic systems, providing an addition to durable global CO2 removal markets and a path towards large-scale, carbon-neutral aquatic food production. A model simulating the carbon cycle in low-oxygen aquatic environments suggests a potential pathway to increase alkalinity production and carbon dioxide uptake, offering an affordable and scalable method of carbon capture in aquaculture systems.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"5 12","pages":"988-994"},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01071-1
Xiangbo Xu, Qiran Zhao, Jianbing Guo, Chang Li, Jing Li, Kunyu Niu, Shuqin Jin, Chao Fu, Paul P. J. Gaffney, Yan Xu, Mingxing Sun, Yinghao Xue, Dunhu Chang, Yumei Zhang, Wei Si, Shenggen Fan, Linxiu Zhang
Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in crop production while ensuring emission equity is crucial for sustainable agriculture in China, yet long-term large-scale data on GHG emissions intensity (GEI) are limited. Using an extensive dataset based on surveyed farm households (n > 430,000 households) from 1993 to 2020, we reveal that 2015 was a turning point for GEI levels, which dropped 16% in 2020, while inequality—measured as average GHG emissions per unit planted area—increased 13%. The key driving forces behind such trends included farmland input, all other inputs, agricultural labour input and total factor productivity but not capital input. Notably, farmland input and all other inputs contributed to 80% of the inequality, while contribution of total factor productivity gradually declined and was replaced by migration-induced agricultural labour input differences. Reducing GEI levels and guarding against widening inequality require optimizing production factor inputs. Understanding greenhouse gas (GHG) emission patterns in crop production, particularly their spatial and temporal distributions, is key to designing better policies. This study combines secondary data and household survey data to examine the GHG emissions intensity of croplands in China and how it has fluctuated in the past few decades and to identify the factors driving emissions intensity inequality.
{"title":"Inequality in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions intensity has risen in rural China from 1993 to 2020","authors":"Xiangbo Xu, Qiran Zhao, Jianbing Guo, Chang Li, Jing Li, Kunyu Niu, Shuqin Jin, Chao Fu, Paul P. J. Gaffney, Yan Xu, Mingxing Sun, Yinghao Xue, Dunhu Chang, Yumei Zhang, Wei Si, Shenggen Fan, Linxiu Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01071-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01071-1","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in crop production while ensuring emission equity is crucial for sustainable agriculture in China, yet long-term large-scale data on GHG emissions intensity (GEI) are limited. Using an extensive dataset based on surveyed farm households (n > 430,000 households) from 1993 to 2020, we reveal that 2015 was a turning point for GEI levels, which dropped 16% in 2020, while inequality—measured as average GHG emissions per unit planted area—increased 13%. The key driving forces behind such trends included farmland input, all other inputs, agricultural labour input and total factor productivity but not capital input. Notably, farmland input and all other inputs contributed to 80% of the inequality, while contribution of total factor productivity gradually declined and was replaced by migration-induced agricultural labour input differences. Reducing GEI levels and guarding against widening inequality require optimizing production factor inputs. Understanding greenhouse gas (GHG) emission patterns in crop production, particularly their spatial and temporal distributions, is key to designing better policies. This study combines secondary data and household survey data to examine the GHG emissions intensity of croplands in China and how it has fluctuated in the past few decades and to identify the factors driving emissions intensity inequality.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"5 11","pages":"916-928"},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01070-2
Alexander Vonderschmidt, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Peter Alexander, Rosemary Green, Alexandra L. Bellows, Cristina Stewart
Reducing meat consumption can help improve environmental and health outcomes, yet the effect of specific meat-reducing strategies is context dependent. Here, using decomposition analysis of National Diet and Nutrition Survey data (2008–2009 to 2018–2019), we found that in the United Kingdom, reduced meat portions had the largest impact on total meat consumption decline (52%), followed by fewer meat-eating days (24%), fewer meat consumers (17%) and fewer meat-eating meal occasions (7%). Understanding meat consumption behaviour patterns is key for more effective policies. Strategies to change meat consumption patterns remain poorly understood. Using decomposition analysis, this study shows that the decline in UK meat consumption is driven by the consumption of smaller portions of meat, followed by reducing the number of days and occasions on which meat is consumed.
{"title":"Smaller meat portions contribute the most to reducing meat consumption in the United Kingdom","authors":"Alexander Vonderschmidt, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Peter Alexander, Rosemary Green, Alexandra L. Bellows, Cristina Stewart","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01070-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01070-2","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing meat consumption can help improve environmental and health outcomes, yet the effect of specific meat-reducing strategies is context dependent. Here, using decomposition analysis of National Diet and Nutrition Survey data (2008–2009 to 2018–2019), we found that in the United Kingdom, reduced meat portions had the largest impact on total meat consumption decline (52%), followed by fewer meat-eating days (24%), fewer meat consumers (17%) and fewer meat-eating meal occasions (7%). Understanding meat consumption behaviour patterns is key for more effective policies. Strategies to change meat consumption patterns remain poorly understood. Using decomposition analysis, this study shows that the decline in UK meat consumption is driven by the consumption of smaller portions of meat, followed by reducing the number of days and occasions on which meat is consumed.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"5 12","pages":"982-987"},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-024-01070-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-01073-z
Mirta Alessandrini, Nadia Bernaz, Olena Uvarova
{"title":"Short food supply chains through a business and human rights lens","authors":"Mirta Alessandrini, Nadia Bernaz, Olena Uvarova","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01073-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01073-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"5 12","pages":"963-964"},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intensified monogastric livestock management could conserve feed inputs and mitigate some of the environmental and climate challenges associated with animal production. In this study, we used data from 166 countries to model the environmental, climate and economic impacts of pig and chicken intensification. We found that whole-chain intensification could reduce annual nitrogen and greenhouse gas emissions by 49% (4.6 Tg) and 68% (554 Tg CO2-equivalent), respectively. These changes translate to 5.0 Tg lower nitrogen fertilizer input for feed production, resulting in an overall benefit of US$93 billion. Integrated crop–livestock optimization under intensive management could release 27 Mha of cropland and provide additional food for 310 million people. A judicious promotion of intensification could alleviate global pressures related to food security, environment and climate change. A scenario analysis demonstrates that integrated crop–livestock optimization combined with intensive monogastric livestock production could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and redirect cropland use from feed to food production.
{"title":"Whole-chain intensification of pig and chicken farming could lower emissions with economic and food production benefits","authors":"Luxi Cheng, Xiuming Zhang, Chen Wang, Ouping Deng, Baojing Gu","doi":"10.1038/s43016-024-01067-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-024-01067-x","url":null,"abstract":"Intensified monogastric livestock management could conserve feed inputs and mitigate some of the environmental and climate challenges associated with animal production. In this study, we used data from 166 countries to model the environmental, climate and economic impacts of pig and chicken intensification. We found that whole-chain intensification could reduce annual nitrogen and greenhouse gas emissions by 49% (4.6 Tg) and 68% (554 Tg CO2-equivalent), respectively. These changes translate to 5.0 Tg lower nitrogen fertilizer input for feed production, resulting in an overall benefit of US$93 billion. Integrated crop–livestock optimization under intensive management could release 27 Mha of cropland and provide additional food for 310 million people. A judicious promotion of intensification could alleviate global pressures related to food security, environment and climate change. A scenario analysis demonstrates that integrated crop–livestock optimization combined with intensive monogastric livestock production could reduce greenhouse gas emissions and redirect cropland use from feed to food production.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"5 11","pages":"939-950"},"PeriodicalIF":23.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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