Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01280-2
Yiwen Liao, Li-Mei Zhang, Dawei Xu, Qinghao Cao, Hang Wang, Ping Fang, Yong-Guan Zhu, Yuhong Cao
Biological nitrogen fixation through foliar application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria presents a promising route to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers but remains limited by challenges in bacterial adhesion and survival in the phyllosphere. We developed a nanocoated inoculant encapsulating Klebsiella variicola W12 using metal-phenolic networks and sodium alginate for enhanced nitrogen fixation under nitrogen-depleted conditions. The nanocoating improved bacterial resistance to UV radiation, oxidative stress, aerobic conditions and desiccation, enhancing adhesion and biofilm formation on leaf surfaces. Colonization increased 3.3-fold compared to non-coated bacteria at 14 days after application, improving epiphytic and endophytic persistence. The nanocoated bacteria contributed 27.89% of total plant nitrogen, over twice that of non-coated bacteria, resulting in a 1.4-fold increase in rice fresh weight after 54 days. Field trials demonstrated potential savings of chemical fertilizer of 74.38 kg N ha-1, highlighting a sustainable and effective strategy to improve crop productivity with reduced reliance on chemical nitrogen fertilizers and environmental impacts.
通过叶面施用固氮细菌进行生物固氮是减少对合成肥料依赖的一种有希望的途径，但仍然受到细菌在根层圈中粘附和生存的挑战的限制。我们开发了一种纳米包被的接种剂，利用金属酚网络和海藻酸钠包被水痘克雷伯菌W12，在缺氮条件下增强固氮能力。纳米涂层提高了细菌对紫外线辐射、氧化应激、有氧条件和干燥的抵抗力，增强了叶片表面的粘附和生物膜的形成。在施用后14天，与未包被的细菌相比，定植量增加了3.3倍，提高了附生和内生的持久性。纳米包被菌贡献了27.89%的植株总氮，是未包被菌的2倍多，54天后水稻鲜重增加1.4倍。田间试验表明，施用化学肥料可节约74.38 kg N - hm -1氮肥，突出了在减少对化学氮肥依赖和减少环境影响的同时提高作物生产力的可持续和有效战略。
{"title":"Stable foliar colonization of nanocoated nitrogen-fixing bacteria enhances crop nitrogen supply.","authors":"Yiwen Liao, Li-Mei Zhang, Dawei Xu, Qinghao Cao, Hang Wang, Ping Fang, Yong-Guan Zhu, Yuhong Cao","doi":"10.1038/s43016-025-01280-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-025-01280-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological nitrogen fixation through foliar application of nitrogen-fixing bacteria presents a promising route to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers but remains limited by challenges in bacterial adhesion and survival in the phyllosphere. We developed a nanocoated inoculant encapsulating Klebsiella variicola W12 using metal-phenolic networks and sodium alginate for enhanced nitrogen fixation under nitrogen-depleted conditions. The nanocoating improved bacterial resistance to UV radiation, oxidative stress, aerobic conditions and desiccation, enhancing adhesion and biofilm formation on leaf surfaces. Colonization increased 3.3-fold compared to non-coated bacteria at 14 days after application, improving epiphytic and endophytic persistence. The nanocoated bacteria contributed 27.89% of total plant nitrogen, over twice that of non-coated bacteria, resulting in a 1.4-fold increase in rice fresh weight after 54 days. Field trials demonstrated potential savings of chemical fertilizer of 74.38 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup>, highlighting a sustainable and effective strategy to improve crop productivity with reduced reliance on chemical nitrogen fertilizers and environmental impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01287-9
This year’s conflicts have further exposed the political nature of the global food crisis, inviting reflection on how this shapes the practice and the outcomes of scientific research.
今年的冲突进一步暴露了全球粮食危机的政治本质，引发了人们对这如何影响科学研究实践和成果的思考。
{"title":"A political crisis, after all","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s43016-025-01287-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-025-01287-9","url":null,"abstract":"This year’s conflicts have further exposed the political nature of the global food crisis, inviting reflection on how this shapes the practice and the outcomes of scientific research.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"6 12","pages":"1097-1097"},"PeriodicalIF":21.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-025-01287-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145779616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01268-y
Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Felicitas Beier, Florian Humpenöder, Debbora Leip, Michael S. Crawford, David Meng-Chuen Chen, Patrick von Jeetze, Marco Springmann, Bjoern Soergel, Zebedee Nicholls, Jessica Strefler, Jared Lewis, Jens Heinke, Christoph Müller, Kristine Karstens, Isabelle Weindl, Miodrag Stevanović, Patrick Rein, Pascal Sauer, Abhijeet Mishra, Edna Johanna Molina Bacca, Alexandre C. Köberle, Xiaoxi Wang, Vartika Singh, Claudia Hunecke, Quitterie Collignon, Pepijn Schreinemachers, Simon Dietz, Ravi Kanbur, Jan Philipp Dietrich, Hermann Lotze-Campen, Alexander Popp
The improvement of the global food system requires a thorough understanding of how specific measures may contribute to the system’s transformation. Here we apply a global food and land system modelling framework to quantify the impact of 23 food system measures on 15 outcome indicators related to public health, the environment, social inclusion and the economy, up to 2050. While all individual measures come with trade-offs, their combination can reduce trade-offs and enhance co-benefits. We estimate that combining all food system measures may reduce yearly mortality by 182 million life years and almost halves nitrogen surplus while offsetting negative effects of environmental protection measures on absolute poverty. Through joint efforts, including measures outside the food system, the 1.5 °C climate target can be achieved. This study applies a global food and land system modelling framework to quantify the impact of 23 food system measures on 15 outcome indicators related to public health, the environment, social inclusion and the economy—from today until 2050.
{"title":"A food system transformation pathway reconciles 1.5 °C global warming with improved health, environment and social inclusion","authors":"Benjamin Leon Bodirsky, Felicitas Beier, Florian Humpenöder, Debbora Leip, Michael S. Crawford, David Meng-Chuen Chen, Patrick von Jeetze, Marco Springmann, Bjoern Soergel, Zebedee Nicholls, Jessica Strefler, Jared Lewis, Jens Heinke, Christoph Müller, Kristine Karstens, Isabelle Weindl, Miodrag Stevanović, Patrick Rein, Pascal Sauer, Abhijeet Mishra, Edna Johanna Molina Bacca, Alexandre C. Köberle, Xiaoxi Wang, Vartika Singh, Claudia Hunecke, Quitterie Collignon, Pepijn Schreinemachers, Simon Dietz, Ravi Kanbur, Jan Philipp Dietrich, Hermann Lotze-Campen, Alexander Popp","doi":"10.1038/s43016-025-01268-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-025-01268-y","url":null,"abstract":"The improvement of the global food system requires a thorough understanding of how specific measures may contribute to the system’s transformation. Here we apply a global food and land system modelling framework to quantify the impact of 23 food system measures on 15 outcome indicators related to public health, the environment, social inclusion and the economy, up to 2050. While all individual measures come with trade-offs, their combination can reduce trade-offs and enhance co-benefits. We estimate that combining all food system measures may reduce yearly mortality by 182 million life years and almost halves nitrogen surplus while offsetting negative effects of environmental protection measures on absolute poverty. Through joint efforts, including measures outside the food system, the 1.5 °C climate target can be achieved. This study applies a global food and land system modelling framework to quantify the impact of 23 food system measures on 15 outcome indicators related to public health, the environment, social inclusion and the economy—from today until 2050.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"6 12","pages":"1133-1152"},"PeriodicalIF":21.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-025-01268-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145779643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01274-0
Christopher B. Barrett
The global community’s most authoritative estimates of how many people go hungry in places that are suffering food emergencies exhibit substantial and widespread undercounting. Given other shortcomings in humanitarian response systems, underestimates are understandable.
{"title":"Second best underestimates of malnutrition in an era of multiplying food crises","authors":"Christopher B. Barrett","doi":"10.1038/s43016-025-01274-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-025-01274-0","url":null,"abstract":"The global community’s most authoritative estimates of how many people go hungry in places that are suffering food emergencies exhibit substantial and widespread undercounting. Given other shortcomings in humanitarian response systems, underestimates are understandable.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"6 12","pages":"1109-1110"},"PeriodicalIF":21.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01267-z
Erin Lentz, Kathy Baylis, Hope Michelson, Chungmann Kim
The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) system is the official global method for classifying food insecurity. As of 2023, international agencies and governments use IPC analyses to allocate more than US$6 billion of humanitarian assistance annually. Here we evaluate data from approximately 1 billion people in more than 10,000 IPC subnational analyses conducted between 2017 and 2023. We find that IPC estimates understate the extent and severity of crises. Our primary estimates indicate that IPC subnational analyses underestimate the number of acutely hungry people in the world, missing approximately one in five. We find evidence of under-classification around the IPC threshold that determines whether an area is classified as ‘stressed’ or ‘in crisis’—a threshold meant to trigger deployment of humanitarian resources. Contrary to widely held assumptions, our findings suggest that IPC analyses are conservative; the prevalence and severity of acute hunger is probably considerably higher than global estimates indicate. The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification system is the global method for classifying food insecurity severity and allocating humanitarian aid. An evaluation of 10,000 Integrated Food Security Phase Classification subnational analyses from 2017 to 2023 indicates that food severity might have been undercounted.
{"title":"Official estimates of global food insecurity undercount acute hunger","authors":"Erin Lentz, Kathy Baylis, Hope Michelson, Chungmann Kim","doi":"10.1038/s43016-025-01267-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-025-01267-z","url":null,"abstract":"The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) system is the official global method for classifying food insecurity. As of 2023, international agencies and governments use IPC analyses to allocate more than US$6 billion of humanitarian assistance annually. Here we evaluate data from approximately 1 billion people in more than 10,000 IPC subnational analyses conducted between 2017 and 2023. We find that IPC estimates understate the extent and severity of crises. Our primary estimates indicate that IPC subnational analyses underestimate the number of acutely hungry people in the world, missing approximately one in five. We find evidence of under-classification around the IPC threshold that determines whether an area is classified as ‘stressed’ or ‘in crisis’—a threshold meant to trigger deployment of humanitarian resources. Contrary to widely held assumptions, our findings suggest that IPC analyses are conservative; the prevalence and severity of acute hunger is probably considerably higher than global estimates indicate. The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification system is the global method for classifying food insecurity severity and allocating humanitarian aid. An evaluation of 10,000 Integrated Food Security Phase Classification subnational analyses from 2017 to 2023 indicates that food severity might have been undercounted.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"6 12","pages":"1196-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":21.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-025-01267-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1038/s43016-025-01273-1
Emiliano Lopez Barrera, Rui Liu
Identifying diets that are nutritious, affordable and low impact is key for food systems transformation. A recent study shows how changes in food policy and choice can most cost-effectively support healthier and more sustainable diets worldwide.
{"title":"Cost and climate impact of healthy diets worldwide","authors":"Emiliano Lopez Barrera, Rui Liu","doi":"10.1038/s43016-025-01273-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s43016-025-01273-1","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying diets that are nutritious, affordable and low impact is key for food systems transformation. A recent study shows how changes in food policy and choice can most cost-effectively support healthier and more sustainable diets worldwide.","PeriodicalId":94151,"journal":{"name":"Nature food","volume":"6 12","pages":"1111-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":21.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145710855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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