Pub Date : 2025-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109710
Tadashi Hanaya, Yuta Maeda, Kazumasa Ejiri
The first total synthesis and structural identification of cyanopterin, a pterin glycoside isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, has been accomplished. The synthesis was achieved by convergent coupling of three key derivatives: d-glucuronate, d-galactose, and 6-hydroxymethylpterin. An α-selective glycosylation enabled efficient construction of the glucuronate–galactose disaccharide, while subsequent β-exclusive glycosylation with the 6-hydroxymethylpterin derivative furnished the desired pterin–disaccharide glycoside. Final deprotection provided cyanopterin in its natural form, allowing confirmation of its precise structure.
{"title":"First total synthesis of cyanopterin, a pterin glycoside isolated from a cyanobacterium","authors":"Tadashi Hanaya, Yuta Maeda, Kazumasa Ejiri","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first total synthesis and structural identification of cyanopterin, a pterin glycoside isolated from the cyanobacterium <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. PCC 6803, has been accomplished. The synthesis was achieved by convergent coupling of three key derivatives: <span>d</span>-glucuronate, <span>d</span>-galactose, and 6-hydroxymethylpterin. An α-selective glycosylation enabled efficient construction of the glucuronate–galactose disaccharide, while subsequent β-exclusive glycosylation with the 6-hydroxymethylpterin derivative furnished the desired pterin–disaccharide glycoside. Final deprotection provided cyanopterin in its natural form, allowing confirmation of its precise structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 109710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most pressing unresolved environmental challenges is the massive accumulation of unrecycled textile waste. In this study, we demonstrate that reinforcing recycled textile materials with plant-based cellulose fibers can yield functional composite materials. The following natural fibers were investigated: sisal, cotton, linen, coconut, wood, abaca, jute, and hemp. Both the textiles and plant fibers were ground into fragments ranging from 2 to 15 mm in length. Plant–textile composites were produced using an extruder at temperatures up to 195 °C, allowing for the plasticization of the polymer components in the textile waste. Plant fibers were incorporated into the recycled textile matrix at concentrations ranging from 3 % to 6 % by weight. A total of 19 different composite samples were fabricated and tested for their mechanical properties, including tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive resistance.
FTIR spectra of all cellulose fibers exhibited characteristic cellulose absorption bands, with notable differences in intensity and distribution. The O–H stretching band (3600–3200 cm−1), indicative of hydrogen bonding within cellulose, varied significantly across the different fiber types. SEM micrographs revealed that the surface of the sisal-reinforced composite was relatively smooth and uniform, while the fiberglass composite exhibited a rough and crinkled surface morphology.
In conclusion, composites made from recycled textiles and plant-based fibers represent a promising class of eco-friendly materials with potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional composites.
{"title":"Comparison of the physical and chemical features of composites produced from textile waste and cellulose plants","authors":"Norbert Lipka , Paulina Żarnowiec , Karolina Soja , Wiesław Kaca","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the most pressing unresolved environmental challenges is the massive accumulation of unrecycled textile waste. In this study, we demonstrate that reinforcing recycled textile materials with plant-based cellulose fibers can yield functional composite materials. The following natural fibers were investigated: sisal, cotton, linen, coconut, wood, abaca, jute, and hemp. Both the textiles and plant fibers were ground into fragments ranging from 2 to 15 mm in length. Plant–textile composites were produced using an extruder at temperatures up to 195 °C, allowing for the plasticization of the polymer components in the textile waste. Plant fibers were incorporated into the recycled textile matrix at concentrations ranging from 3 % to 6 % by weight. A total of 19 different composite samples were fabricated and tested for their mechanical properties, including tensile strength, flexural strength, and compressive resistance.</div><div>FTIR spectra of all cellulose fibers exhibited characteristic cellulose absorption bands, with notable differences in intensity and distribution. The O–H stretching band (3600–3200 cm<sup>−1</sup>), indicative of hydrogen bonding within cellulose, varied significantly across the different fiber types. SEM micrographs revealed that the surface of the sisal-reinforced composite was relatively smooth and uniform, while the fiberglass composite exhibited a rough and crinkled surface morphology.</div><div>In conclusion, composites made from recycled textiles and plant-based fibers represent a promising class of eco-friendly materials with potential as sustainable alternatives to conventional composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 109706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109707
Pengya Du , Shuyu Bi , Fangming Cui , Lixia He , Jiangyan Hou , Jinling Cao , Yanfen Cheng , Feier Cheng , Wenfei Zhao , Cuiping Feng , Shaojun Yun
Resveratrol (Res) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. However, its application is limited due to the instability, poor water solubility, and low bioavailability. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides (SLPs) nanoparticles loaded with Res (SLPs-Res NPs) through the self-assembly behavior of SLPs. Our findings revealed that SLPs underwent a conformational transition from triple helix to single strand when exposed to varying concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). By virtue of this self-assembly characteristic, the spherical or subspherical nanoparticles loaded with Res were successfully fabricated. The optimal preparation conditions included an 80 % volume ratio of DMSO, a mass ratio of Res to SLPs at 1:32, and magnetic stirring for 2 h. Under these conditions, the average particle size of SLPs-Res NPs was 230.4 ± 7.8 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency of Res reached (66.69 ± 0.10)%. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces were involved in the formation of nanoparticles. SLP-Res NPs demonstrated enhanced photothermal stability and desirable sustained-release properties. It also exerted significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase activity in vitro and glucose-lowering effects in mice during glucose tolerance tests. This study presents an approach for delivering Res using self-assembled SLPs, demonstrating their potential as effective functional carriers for the encapsulation of hydrophobic bioactive molecules.
{"title":"Resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles based on the self-assembly behavior of Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides: Preparation, characterization, release behavior under in vitro digestion and synergistic hypoglycemic effects","authors":"Pengya Du , Shuyu Bi , Fangming Cui , Lixia He , Jiangyan Hou , Jinling Cao , Yanfen Cheng , Feier Cheng , Wenfei Zhao , Cuiping Feng , Shaojun Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resveratrol (Res) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound exhibiting a wide range of biological activities. However, its application is limited due to the instability, poor water solubility, and low bioavailability. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare <em>Sparassis latifolia</em> polysaccharides (SLPs) nanoparticles loaded with Res (SLPs-Res NPs) through the self-assembly behavior of SLPs. Our findings revealed that SLPs underwent a conformational transition from triple helix to single strand when exposed to varying concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). By virtue of this self-assembly characteristic, the spherical or subspherical nanoparticles loaded with Res were successfully fabricated. The optimal preparation conditions included an 80 % volume ratio of DMSO, a mass ratio of Res to SLPs at 1:32, and magnetic stirring for 2 h. Under these conditions, the average particle size of SLPs-Res NPs was 230.4 ± 7.8 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency of Res reached (66.69 ± 0.10)%. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces were involved in the formation of nanoparticles. SLP-Res NPs demonstrated enhanced photothermal stability and desirable sustained-release properties. It also exerted significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase activity <em>in vitro</em> and glucose-lowering effects in mice during glucose tolerance tests. This study presents an approach for delivering Res using self-assembled SLPs, demonstrating their potential as effective functional carriers for the encapsulation of hydrophobic bioactive molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 109707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145408033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc) is a distinctive epitope found at the non-reducing termini of both N- and O-glycans. In recent years, the physiological functions of LacdiNAc have attracted increasing attention. Consequently, there is a significant demand for pure glycans for use in biochemical experiments. In this study, a concise and practical synthetic approach was developed for biantennary complex-type nonasaccharide 1, which contains LacdiNAc structures at the non-reducing end. Specifically, nonasaccharide 2 was initially constructed in a stereoselective manner via the condensation of trisaccharide donor 3 with trisaccharide acceptor 4, which bears hydroxy groups at the 3- and 6-positions of the β-mannose residue. Notably, this was achieved via the remote neighboring group participation of a pivaloyl group. Subsequent conversion of the N-phthalimido group into an acetamido group, followed by global deprotection, furnished the target compound, 1. The developed synthetic route represents a valuable tool for future investigations into LacdiNAc-modified N-glycans.
{"title":"Stereoselective synthesis of LacdiNAc N-glycan based on remote neighboring group participation","authors":"Kenta Iino , Nozomi Ishii , Kanata Yoshida , Hideki Ishida , Yuji Matsuzaki , Ichiro Matsuo","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc) is a distinctive epitope found at the non-reducing termini of both <em>N</em>- and <em>O</em>-glycans. In recent years, the physiological functions of LacdiNAc have attracted increasing attention. Consequently, there is a significant demand for pure glycans for use in biochemical experiments. In this study, a concise and practical synthetic approach was developed for biantennary complex-type nonasaccharide <strong>1</strong>, which contains LacdiNAc structures at the non-reducing end. Specifically, nonasaccharide <strong>2</strong> was initially constructed in a stereoselective manner via the condensation of trisaccharide donor <strong>3</strong> with trisaccharide acceptor <strong>4</strong>, which bears hydroxy groups at the 3- and 6-positions of the β-mannose residue. Notably, this was achieved via the remote neighboring group participation of a pivaloyl group. Subsequent conversion of the <em>N</em>-phthalimido group into an acetamido group, followed by global deprotection, furnished the target compound, <strong>1</strong>. The developed synthetic route represents a valuable tool for future investigations into LacdiNAc-modified <em>N</em>-glycans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 109709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109708
Sergey A. Samsonov , Tomasz Frączyk , Iwona Ufnalska , Wojciech Bal
In this study, we investigate how N- and O-glycosylation affect the structure and dynamics of the disordered N-terminal extracellular domain of human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1), a trimeric transmembrane protein responsible for cellular copper uptake. Copper is an essential trace element, with both deficiency and excess linked to severe disorders. In mammals, its homeostasis is tightly regulated by proteins involved in copper transport and storage. The N-terminal region of hCtr1, comprising 65 amino acids, contains specific copper-binding motifs critical for its function but remains structurally uncharacterized due to its intrinsically disordered nature. This domain can be N- and O-glycosylated at Asn15 and Thr27, respectively, with the latter potentially influencing its physiological function. However, the structural consequences of these modifications remain unclear. We built a trimeric model of the hCtr1 N-terminal domain and performed microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations for both glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms. The resulting conformational ensembles revealed unimodal distributions across structural and dynamical descriptors, consistent with disordered behaviour and showing no significant impact of glycosylation. These findings enhance our understanding of the structural flexibility of hCtr1 and provide a foundation for future studies into its structure, function and regulation.
{"title":"Molecular dynamics study of the impact of glycosylation on conformational properties of trimeric N-terminal domain of human copper transporter 1","authors":"Sergey A. Samsonov , Tomasz Frączyk , Iwona Ufnalska , Wojciech Bal","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigate how <strong>N- and O-glycosylation</strong> affect the structure and dynamics of the disordered <strong>N-terminal extracellular domain</strong> of <strong>human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1)</strong>, a trimeric transmembrane protein responsible for cellular copper uptake. Copper is an essential trace element, with both deficiency and excess linked to severe disorders. In mammals, its homeostasis is tightly regulated by proteins involved in copper transport and storage. The N-terminal region of hCtr1, comprising 65 amino acids, contains <strong>specific copper-binding motifs</strong> critical for its function but remains structurally uncharacterized due to its <strong>intrinsically disordered</strong> nature. This domain can be N- and O-glycosylated at <strong>Asn15 a</strong>nd <strong>Thr27, respectively</strong>, with the latter potentially influencing its physiological function. However, the structural consequences of these modifications remain unclear. We built a <strong>trimeric model</strong> of the hCtr1 N-terminal domain and performed <strong>microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations</strong> for both glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms. The resulting conformational ensembles revealed <strong>unimodal distributions</strong> across structural and dynamical descriptors, consistent with disordered behaviour and showing <strong>no significant impact of glycosylation</strong>. These findings enhance our understanding of the structural flexibility of hCtr1 and provide a foundation for future studies into its structure, function and regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 109708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chitosan (Cs)-based polymers have been explored as potential drug-delivery systems that could enhance the practical applications of bioactive phenolic (Ph) substances, such as curcumin (CUR) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). In this study, we focused on designing CS-based drug carriers by examining the intermolecular interactions between the polymer components, d-glucosamine (Gn) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (AGn), and the target substances CUR and CAPE through 1H NMR titration in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO‑d6). The observed changes in chemical shifts indicated that Gn cation (GnH+) forms molecular complexes, whereas AGn does not exhibit any intermolecular interaction. We developed a titration curve for the complexation, which competes with the self-association of GnH+ (Gnz) in DMSO. Least-squares analyses concluded that molecular complex represented as Ph·Gnz(z = 3 or 4) is formed through a reaction between a Gnz aggregate and a Ph molecule. The formation constant, K = [Ph·Gnz]/[Ph][Gnz], falls within the range of 50–300 M−1. The complex is stabilized by intermolecular interactions at multiple sites within the glucosamine aggregate Gnz, although the non-covalent interactions at each binding site are relatively weak. These findings suggest that chitosan can capture CAPE or CUR exclusively at segments composed of adjacent cationic glucosamine units.
{"title":"1H NMR studies of molecular interaction of d-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine with curcumin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in DMSO","authors":"Evelin Martínez-Benavidez , Analilia Sánchez , Zaira Domínguez , Magali Salas-Reyes , Gustavo Adolfo Castillo-Herrera , Inocencio Higuera-Ciapara , Ofelia Yadira Lugo-Melchor , Motomichi Inoue , Claudia Virués","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan (Cs)-based polymers have been explored as potential drug-delivery systems that could enhance the practical applications of bioactive phenolic (Ph) substances, such as curcumin (CUR) and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). In this study, we focused on designing CS-based drug carriers by examining the intermolecular interactions between the polymer components, <span>d</span>-glucosamine (Gn) and <em>N</em>-acetyl-<span>d</span>-glucosamine (AGn), and the target substances CUR and CAPE through <sup>1</sup>H NMR titration in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO‑<em>d</em><sub>6</sub>). The observed changes in chemical shifts indicated that Gn cation (GnH<sup>+</sup>) forms molecular complexes, whereas AGn does not exhibit any intermolecular interaction. We developed a titration curve for the complexation, which competes with the self-association of GnH<sup>+</sup> (Gn<sub>z</sub>) in DMSO. Least-squares analyses concluded that molecular complex represented as Ph·Gn<sub><em>z</em></sub> <em>(z</em> = 3 or 4) is formed through a reaction between a Gn<sub><em>z</em></sub> aggregate and a Ph molecule. The formation constant, <em>K</em> = [Ph·Gn<sub><em>z</em></sub>]/[Ph][Gn<sub><em>z</em></sub>], falls within the range of 50–300 M<sup>−1</sup>. The complex is stabilized by intermolecular interactions at multiple sites within the glucosamine aggregate Gn<sub><em>z</em></sub>, although the non-covalent interactions at each binding site are relatively weak. These findings suggest that chitosan can capture CAPE or CUR exclusively at segments composed of adjacent cationic glucosamine units.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 109704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145328403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109705
Ziyun Li , Shuai Yang , Menghua Hou , Sitong Wang , Jiaying Liu , Zhichao He , Zijian Song , Yingchun Li
Chitosan-based shape memory polymers (SMPs) represent a promising class of smart materials for biomedical and packaging applications, yet their development is often limited by the reliance on solutions and thermal stimuli. To enable remote and precise control, this study focuses on developing photosensitive SMPs by conferring light responsiveness to chitosan. Azobenzene-modified chitosan (CSM) was synthesized via a three-step process involving maleic anhydride modification of chitosan followed by free radical grafting with 4-acryloyloxyazobenzene. Composite films (CSMCFs) were then prepared by blending the CSM with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at varying mass ratios. The chemical structures of the intermediates and the final composite were confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The incorporation of azobenzene groups was verified by UV–vis spectroscopy, and the thermal properties were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The photosensitive shape memory behavior was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the shape fixation rate (Rf) and shape recovery rate (Rr) under 365 nm UV light irradiation. The optimal composites (CSMCF-3), with a CSM/PVA ratio of 3/7 and 0.5 % azobenzene derivative, exhibited a high shape fixation rate of 97.2 % and an exceptional shape recovery rate of 93.3 % within 300 s. These results demonstrate the high potential of these composite films for applications in smart packaging and biomedical devices where remote, light-triggered actuation is desired.
{"title":"Azobenzene-modified chitosan composites harnessing high-efficiency photosensitive shape memory behaviors","authors":"Ziyun Li , Shuai Yang , Menghua Hou , Sitong Wang , Jiaying Liu , Zhichao He , Zijian Song , Yingchun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan-based shape memory polymers (SMPs) represent a promising class of smart materials for biomedical and packaging applications, yet their development is often limited by the reliance on solutions and thermal stimuli. To enable remote and precise control, this study focuses on developing photosensitive SMPs by conferring light responsiveness to chitosan. Azobenzene-modified chitosan (CSM) was synthesized via a three-step process involving maleic anhydride modification of chitosan followed by free radical grafting with 4-acryloyloxyazobenzene. Composite films (CSMCFs) were then prepared by blending the CSM with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at varying mass ratios. The chemical structures of the intermediates and the final composite were confirmed by <sup>1</sup>H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The incorporation of azobenzene groups was verified by UV–vis spectroscopy, and the thermal properties were assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The photosensitive shape memory behavior was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the shape fixation rate (R<sub>f</sub>) and shape recovery rate (R<sub>r</sub>) under 365 nm UV light irradiation. The optimal composites (CSMCF-3), with a CSM/PVA ratio of 3/7 and 0.5 % azobenzene derivative, exhibited a high shape fixation rate of 97.2 % and an exceptional shape recovery rate of 93.3 % within 300 s. These results demonstrate the high potential of these composite films for applications in smart packaging and biomedical devices where remote, light-triggered actuation is desired.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 109705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109702
Takaaki Kiryu, Hiroaki Tatsuoka, Motohiro Shizuma
{"title":"Corrigendum to“Kiryu hexose and pentose matrix: A comprehensive model of epimers, structures, and C-1/C-6 inversion products for hexoses and pentoses” [Carbohydr. Res. (2025) 109683]","authors":"Takaaki Kiryu, Hiroaki Tatsuoka, Motohiro Shizuma","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109702","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 109702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145279009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heterologous biosynthesis of ginsenosides, which possess remarkable therapeutic potential as drug candidates, is currently a research hotspot. The insufficient mining of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), which are key downstream enzymes in their biosynthetic pathway, limits the variety and yield of ginsenosides that can be bio-produced. As the only medicinal plant outside the Araliaceae family currently discovered to contain ginsenosides, the enzymes involved in ginsenoside synthesis in the Cucurbitaceae plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) have great development value. In this study, a new glycosyltransferase was mined from G. pentaphyllum and was classified into the UGT74 family based on sequence homology, named GpUGT74A1. GpUGT74A1 exhibits relatively low sequence homology compared to other UGTs that have been reported. Although GpUGT74A1 was almost entirely insoluble when cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, its soluble expression was successfully achieved by fusion with the MBP solubility tag. In vitro enzyme activity experiments found that it could catalyze the C-20 glycosylation of ginsenosides PPD, PPT, and Rh2 to produce ginsenosides CK, F1, and F2, respectively. This study further enriched the sequence of plant-derived glycosyltransferase genes and provided new candidate elements for the heterologous synthesis of rare ginsenosides.
{"title":"A new UDP-glycosyltransferase for rare ginsenoside biosynthesis from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.)","authors":"Qiaoxiang Wu , Yangyang Chen , Mingxing Ye , Yuanping Chen , Xiaoxuan Yuan , Xiaofen Liu , Zehao Huang , Shaohua Xu , Wei Xu , Hua Li , Yaqian Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterologous biosynthesis of ginsenosides, which possess remarkable therapeutic potential as drug candidates, is currently a research hotspot. The insufficient mining of UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), which are key downstream enzymes in their biosynthetic pathway, limits the variety and yield of ginsenosides that can be bio-produced. As the only medicinal plant outside the Araliaceae family currently discovered to contain ginsenosides, the enzymes involved in ginsenoside synthesis in the Cucurbitaceae plant <em>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</em> (Thunb.) have great development value. In this study, a new glycosyltransferase was mined from <em>G. pentaphyllum</em> and was classified into the UGT74 family based on sequence homology, named GpUGT74A1. GpUGT74A1 exhibits relatively low sequence homology compared to other UGTs that have been reported. Although GpUGT74A1 was almost entirely insoluble when cloned and expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em>, its soluble expression was successfully achieved by fusion with the MBP solubility tag. <em>In vitro</em> enzyme activity experiments found that it could catalyze the C-20 glycosylation of ginsenosides PPD, PPT, and Rh<sub>2</sub> to produce ginsenosides CK, F<sub>1</sub>, and F<sub>2</sub>, respectively. This study further enriched the sequence of plant-derived glycosyltransferase genes and provided new candidate elements for the heterologous synthesis of rare ginsenosides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 109703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109701
Vinod K. Tiwari
{"title":"Dedicated issue of ‘Carbohydrate Research’ as part of celebration of 90th birth anniversary of Prof. (em.) Dr. Richard R. Schmidt","authors":"Vinod K. Tiwari","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carres.2025.109701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":"558 ","pages":"Article 109701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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