OBJECTIVE The Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ) is a frequently used instrument in relevant literature for assessment of cognitive biases that play critical roles in appraisal of intrusive experiences in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The questionnaire was initially designed as a 44-item questionnaire, then was shortened to 20 items and lastly was brought down to 9-items. Since so far, only the 44-item version has been available in Turkey, this study aimed to examine psychometric properties of the two shortened OBQ forms in a community sample. METHOD The study included the data sets of two adult groups on the OBQ and the psychometric tools completed on the OCD symptoms, self-ambivalence and thought action fusion. RESULTS Results of the explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the Turkish language versions of the OBQ-20 and OBQ-9 had acceptable internal consistency coefficients, similar factor structures to the original studies on the questionnaire, and that, on the bases of the extra modeling tests, the total and the subdimensional scores of both questionnaires were usable for OCD assessments. Moreover as expected, there were significant correlations among these biases, OCD symptoms, self-ambivalence and thought-action fusion.
{"title":"[The Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire: Adaptation of Its Short Forms to the Turkish and Examination of Their Psychometric Properties].","authors":"O. Yorulmaz, Duygu Güngör, Ceren Gökdağ","doi":"10.5080/U23433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/U23433","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE The Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ) is a frequently used instrument in relevant literature for assessment of cognitive biases that play critical roles in appraisal of intrusive experiences in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The questionnaire was initially designed as a 44-item questionnaire, then was shortened to 20 items and lastly was brought down to 9-items. Since so far, only the 44-item version has been available in Turkey, this study aimed to examine psychometric properties of the two shortened OBQ forms in a community sample. METHOD The study included the data sets of two adult groups on the OBQ and the psychometric tools completed on the OCD symptoms, self-ambivalence and thought action fusion. RESULTS Results of the explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the Turkish language versions of the OBQ-20 and OBQ-9 had acceptable internal consistency coefficients, similar factor structures to the original studies on the questionnaire, and that, on the bases of the extra modeling tests, the total and the subdimensional scores of both questionnaires were usable for OCD assessments. Moreover as expected, there were significant correlations among these biases, OCD symptoms, self-ambivalence and thought-action fusion.","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90274732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE Activation syndrome (AS), as described by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), comprises 10 bipolar associated symptoms which starts after antidepressant therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between lifetime hypomanic symptoms and the development of AS in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD: The study was conducted at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry. A total of 60 consecutive outpatients diagnosed with MDD were assessed at three time points; before the initiation of antidepressant therapy (baseline), at 2nd week and at 4th week. At the initial interview the patients completed the Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32) in order to assess the lifetime history of hypomanic symptoms. Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were utilized to detect the symptoms of AS at each assessment. RESULTS: AS was detected in 25 (41.7%) patients. The most prevalent symptoms of AS were insomnia (31.7%), anxiety (25%) and irritability (15%). A significant difference was found in the HCL-32 scores of patients with and without AS. A moderate correlation between the number of AS symptoms and HSL-32 test scores were also determined. CONCLUSION: AS development was more common among the depressed patients with lifetime history of hypomanic symptoms. Given the frequency of misdiagnosis of BPD as MDD, it would be helpful to assess the hypomanic symptoms systematically with scales similar to HSL-32 in depressive patients before prescribing antidepressant medication.
{"title":"[The Relationship Between Lifetime Hypomanic Symptoms and Activation Syndrome in Major Depressive Disorder].","authors":"O. Gökçen, S. Özer, Z. Sen","doi":"10.5080/U23135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/U23135","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE Activation syndrome (AS), as described by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), comprises 10 bipolar associated symptoms which starts after antidepressant therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a relationship between lifetime hypomanic symptoms and the development of AS in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHOD: The study was conducted at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry. A total of 60 consecutive outpatients diagnosed with MDD were assessed at three time points; before the initiation of antidepressant therapy (baseline), at 2nd week and at 4th week. At the initial interview the patients completed the Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32) in order to assess the lifetime history of hypomanic symptoms. Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were utilized to detect the symptoms of AS at each assessment. RESULTS: AS was detected in 25 (41.7%) patients. The most prevalent symptoms of AS were insomnia (31.7%), anxiety (25%) and irritability (15%). A significant difference was found in the HCL-32 scores of patients with and without AS. A moderate correlation between the number of AS symptoms and HSL-32 test scores were also determined. CONCLUSION: AS development was more common among the depressed patients with lifetime history of hypomanic symptoms. Given the frequency of misdiagnosis of BPD as MDD, it would be helpful to assess the hypomanic symptoms systematically with scales similar to HSL-32 in depressive patients before prescribing antidepressant medication.","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91413481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE In patients with vaginismus, the Lack of knowledge on rates of depression and anxiety disorders is noteworthy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalance of anxiety disorders and major depression and to examine the relationship of these omorbidities with sexual functions in women diagnosed with lifelong vaginismus. METHOD: One hundred and fourty-four women who were diagnosed with vaginismus were recruited for the study. Depression and anxiety disorders section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) were administered to the participants. RESULTS: At least one comorbid anxiety disorder and/or depression was found in 79.86 % of the cases. The most common comorbid disorder was specific phobia (63.9%). This was followed by major depression (35.4%), social anxiety disorder (13%), panic disorder (10%), obsessive compulsive disorder (5%) and generalized anxiety disorder (2%). On GRISS, mean avoidance score was higher in patients with comorbid depression and non-communication score was higher in patients with comorbid panic disorder when compared to patients with no comorbidity. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders, especially spesific phobia, was higher in patients with vaginismus than the general population. Both high comorbidity of these psychiatric disorders and disruption of functions in all domains of sexuality emphasize the importance of holistic approach in evaluation of these patients.
{"title":"[Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Disorders and Their Relationship with Sexual Functions in Women Diagnosed with Lifelong Vaginismus].","authors":"E. Yıldırım, Munevver Hacioglu Yildirim, H. Karaş","doi":"10.5080/U22858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/U22858","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE In patients with vaginismus, the Lack of knowledge on rates of depression and anxiety disorders is noteworthy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalance of anxiety disorders and major depression and to examine the relationship of these omorbidities with sexual functions in women diagnosed with lifelong vaginismus. METHOD: One hundred and fourty-four women who were diagnosed with vaginismus were recruited for the study. Depression and anxiety disorders section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) were administered to the participants. RESULTS: At least one comorbid anxiety disorder and/or depression was found in 79.86 % of the cases. The most common comorbid disorder was specific phobia (63.9%). This was followed by major depression (35.4%), social anxiety disorder (13%), panic disorder (10%), obsessive compulsive disorder (5%) and generalized anxiety disorder (2%). On GRISS, mean avoidance score was higher in patients with comorbid depression and non-communication score was higher in patients with comorbid panic disorder when compared to patients with no comorbidity. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders, especially spesific phobia, was higher in patients with vaginismus than the general population. Both high comorbidity of these psychiatric disorders and disruption of functions in all domains of sexuality emphasize the importance of holistic approach in evaluation of these patients.","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77139610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of psychiatric comorbidities on the level of empathy in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD; to evaluate the relationship between adolescent behavioral problems and empathy; to acquire information on the role of having parents with psychiatric symptoms and the perceptions of the adolescents of parental acceptance and rejection in empathy development. METHOD The study sample consisted of 101 adolescents of 12-16 years of ages diagnosed with ADHD and 50 adolescents as the control group. K-SADS-PL is used for the DSM-IV diagnoses and WISC-R is applied to the participants with ADHD. Both the ADHD and the control groups were evaluated with the Basic Empathy Scale, Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire and the Young Self Report. The parents completed the Sociodemographic information form, Child Behavior Checklist and the Symptom Checklist-90- Revised; and the teachers completed the Teacher Report Form. RESULTS There was no significant difference between ADHD and control group about basic empathy scale scores. The and emotional empathy scores were significantly lower in ADHD group with comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) than ADHD group with no comorbidity. CONCLUSION In our study having only ADHD had no effect on empathy levels, ODD comorbidity was related to lower basic and emotional empathy levels. In order to determine causal/temporal relations, prospective studies, studies with larger sample sizes and with more homogenous groups are needed.
{"title":"Factors Associated with Empathy Among Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.","authors":"Merve Günay Ay, B. Kılıç","doi":"10.5080/u23398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u23398","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of psychiatric comorbidities on the level of empathy in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD; to evaluate the relationship between adolescent behavioral problems and empathy; to acquire information on the role of having parents with psychiatric symptoms and the perceptions of the adolescents of parental acceptance and rejection in empathy development. METHOD The study sample consisted of 101 adolescents of 12-16 years of ages diagnosed with ADHD and 50 adolescents as the control group. K-SADS-PL is used for the DSM-IV diagnoses and WISC-R is applied to the participants with ADHD. Both the ADHD and the control groups were evaluated with the Basic Empathy Scale, Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire and the Young Self Report. The parents completed the Sociodemographic information form, Child Behavior Checklist and the Symptom Checklist-90- Revised; and the teachers completed the Teacher Report Form. RESULTS There was no significant difference between ADHD and control group about basic empathy scale scores. The and emotional empathy scores were significantly lower in ADHD group with comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) than ADHD group with no comorbidity. CONCLUSION In our study having only ADHD had no effect on empathy levels, ODD comorbidity was related to lower basic and emotional empathy levels. In order to determine causal/temporal relations, prospective studies, studies with larger sample sizes and with more homogenous groups are needed.","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85188897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on whether patients with panic disorder (PD) and their healthy first-degree relatives have an increased sensitivity to carbon dioxide inhalation test compared to healthy controls (HC) or patients with psychiatric disorders other than panic disorder. METHOD The databases of PubMed, EMBASE and PsycNET were searched using Boolean operators "panic AND carbon dioxide" and "panic AND CO2". Selected research articles were classified according to the carbon dioxide concentrations used in testing and the clinical characteristics of the samples. The assumption of heterogeneity across the studies was assessed by chi square based Q and I2 statistics. Publication biases were explored by Begg-Mazumdar's and Egger's tests in addition to funnel graphics. Odds ratios representing effect size of the carbon dioxide inhalation procedure were calculated according to fixed effect and random effect models after obtaining percent weight effects of each study. RESULTS Meta-Analysis was conducted on 33 research studies that include 2114 participants totally. Participants with PD experienced significantly more frequent panic attacks (PA) compared to HC following in both 5% (OR=14.713, 95% CI 7.532 - 28.739) and 35% carbon dioxide inhalation (OR=11.507, 95% CI 7.775 - 17.031). HC who have a first-degree relative with PD experienced PA approximately 3 times more than HC who have not a first-degree relative with PD (OR=2.658, 95% CI 1.678 - 4.212) following carbon dioxide inhalation test. Participants with PD experienced significantly more frequent PA than the patients with other psychiatric disorders following the carbon dioxide inhalation test (OR = 3.524, 95% CI 1.945 - 6.384). CONCLUSION There is an increased sensitivity of carbon dioxide inhalation in patients with PD and their healthy first-degree relatives. The role and possible mechanisms of carbon dioxide in etiology and physiopathology of PD should be studied extensively.
目的本研究的目的是对惊恐障碍(PD)患者及其健康一级亲属对二氧化碳吸入试验的敏感性是否比健康对照(HC)或惊恐障碍以外的精神障碍患者更高进行系统回顾和荟萃分析。方法采用“panic and CO2”和“panic and CO2”布尔运算符对PubMed、EMBASE和PsycNET数据库进行检索。根据测试中使用的二氧化碳浓度和样品的临床特征对选定的研究文章进行分类。通过基于卡方的Q和I2统计来评估研究的异质性假设。除了漏斗图，Begg-Mazumdar和Egger的测试还探讨了发表偏差。在获得每个研究的百分比权重效应后，根据固定效应和随机效应模型计算代表二氧化碳吸入过程效应大小的优势比。结果对33项研究进行meta分析，共纳入2114名受试者。与HC相比，PD患者在5% (OR=14.713, 95% CI 7.532 - 28.739)和35%的二氧化碳吸入(OR=11.507, 95% CI 7.775 - 17.031)中经历了更频繁的恐慌发作(PA)。在二氧化碳吸入试验中，有PD一级亲属的HC发生PA的几率是无PD一级亲属的HC的3倍左右(OR=2.658, 95% CI 1.678 - 4.212)。在二氧化碳吸入试验中，PD患者比其他精神疾病患者更频繁地出现PA (OR = 3.524, 95% CI 1.945 - 6.384)。结论PD患者及其健康一级亲属二氧化碳吸入敏感性增高。二氧化碳在帕金森病的病因和生理病理中的作用和可能的机制有待进一步研究。
{"title":"[A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy of Carbon Dioxide Inhalation as a Challenge Test in Panic Disorder].","authors":"Ü. Tural, F. Alioğlu","doi":"10.5080/u23215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u23215","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on whether patients with panic disorder (PD) and their healthy first-degree relatives have an increased sensitivity to carbon dioxide inhalation test compared to healthy controls (HC) or patients with psychiatric disorders other than panic disorder. METHOD The databases of PubMed, EMBASE and PsycNET were searched using Boolean operators \"panic AND carbon dioxide\" and \"panic AND CO2\". Selected research articles were classified according to the carbon dioxide concentrations used in testing and the clinical characteristics of the samples. The assumption of heterogeneity across the studies was assessed by chi square based Q and I2 statistics. Publication biases were explored by Begg-Mazumdar's and Egger's tests in addition to funnel graphics. Odds ratios representing effect size of the carbon dioxide inhalation procedure were calculated according to fixed effect and random effect models after obtaining percent weight effects of each study. RESULTS Meta-Analysis was conducted on 33 research studies that include 2114 participants totally. Participants with PD experienced significantly more frequent panic attacks (PA) compared to HC following in both 5% (OR=14.713, 95% CI 7.532 - 28.739) and 35% carbon dioxide inhalation (OR=11.507, 95% CI 7.775 - 17.031). HC who have a first-degree relative with PD experienced PA approximately 3 times more than HC who have not a first-degree relative with PD (OR=2.658, 95% CI 1.678 - 4.212) following carbon dioxide inhalation test. Participants with PD experienced significantly more frequent PA than the patients with other psychiatric disorders following the carbon dioxide inhalation test (OR = 3.524, 95% CI 1.945 - 6.384). CONCLUSION There is an increased sensitivity of carbon dioxide inhalation in patients with PD and their healthy first-degree relatives. The role and possible mechanisms of carbon dioxide in etiology and physiopathology of PD should be studied extensively.","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89825112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Z. Kamış, Ş. Ö. Erden Aki, M. Yıldız, H. Doğan Varan, Anil Dolgun
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to the Self-Stigma of Depression Scale (SSDS), which evaluates self-stigmatization that can prevent both treatment consultation and compliance by depressed patients run Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability study of. METHOD The study included a total of 173 subjects consisting of 131 outpatients of the Psychiatry Polyclinic with past or recent major depression disorder (MDD) diagnosis and 42 non-depressed outpatients consulting the Geriatrics Polyclinics for other medical complaints. Each participant was evaluated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Turkish Self-Stigma of Depression Scale (SSDS-TR) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The MDD patients were further evaluated with the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale. Test-retest reliability of the SSDS-TR was assessed with 27 participants 8-12 weeks after the first test. All analyses were carried out using the IBM-SPSS Statistics version 25 and the IBM SPSS AMOS version 25. RESULTS In the exploratory factor analysis, the factor structure of SSDS TR differed from the original form. The structural validity of the 4-factor model formed after excluding one problematic item was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and proven to meet the goodness of fit criteria. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the SSDS-TR was 0.847, and a moderate correlation (r=0.436 p=0.023) was obtained by the test-retest analysis. The SSDS-TR scores moderately correlated with the ISMI scores (r=0.485, p<0.001) and weakly correlated with the BDI scores (r=0.246, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The SSDS-TR formed by excluding one item from the original scale was demonstrated to be a valid and reliable psychometric tool and is expected to fill a gap in the assessment of self stigmatization of MDD patients in Turkey.
目的本研究旨在对抑郁症自我污名化量表(SSDS)进行土耳其适应性、效度和信度研究，以评估抑郁症患者的自我污名化对治疗咨询和依从性的影响。方法本研究共纳入173名受试者，包括131名过去或最近诊断为重度抑郁症(MDD)的精神病学综合诊所门诊患者和42名因其他医疗问题就诊的老年病学综合诊所非抑郁症门诊患者。采用DSM IV轴I障碍结构化临床访谈(SCID-I)、标准化迷你精神状态检查(MMSE)、土耳其抑郁自我污名量表(SSDS-TR)和贝克抑郁量表(BDI)对每位参与者进行评估。采用精神疾病内化污名(ISMI)量表对重度抑郁症患者进行评估。27名受试者在第一次测试后8-12周评估SSDS-TR的重测信度。所有分析均使用IBM-SPSS Statistics version 25和IBM SPSS AMOS version 25进行。结果在探索性因子分析中，SSDS TR的因子结构与原始形式有所不同。排除一个问题项后形成的四因素模型，采用验证性因子分析检验其结构效度，符合拟合优度标准。SSDS-TR的Cronbach's α系数为0.847，经重测分析，两者呈正相关(r=0.436 p=0.023)。SSDS-TR评分与ISMI评分呈中度相关(r=0.485, p<0.001)，与BDI评分呈弱相关(r=0.246, p<0.001)。结论从原量表中剔除一个项目后形成的SSDS-TR量表是一种有效可靠的心理测量工具，有望填补土耳其MDD患者自我污名化评估的空白。
{"title":"[The Validity and the Reliability of Turkish Version of the Self-Stigma of Depression Scale].","authors":"G. Z. Kamış, Ş. Ö. Erden Aki, M. Yıldız, H. Doğan Varan, Anil Dolgun","doi":"10.5080/U20545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/U20545","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to the Self-Stigma of Depression Scale (SSDS), which evaluates self-stigmatization that can prevent both treatment consultation and compliance by depressed patients run Turkish adaptation, validity and reliability study of. METHOD The study included a total of 173 subjects consisting of 131 outpatients of the Psychiatry Polyclinic with past or recent major depression disorder (MDD) diagnosis and 42 non-depressed outpatients consulting the Geriatrics Polyclinics for other medical complaints. Each participant was evaluated with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), the Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Turkish Self-Stigma of Depression Scale (SSDS-TR) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The MDD patients were further evaluated with the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale. Test-retest reliability of the SSDS-TR was assessed with 27 participants 8-12 weeks after the first test. All analyses were carried out using the IBM-SPSS Statistics version 25 and the IBM SPSS AMOS version 25. RESULTS In the exploratory factor analysis, the factor structure of SSDS TR differed from the original form. The structural validity of the 4-factor model formed after excluding one problematic item was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and proven to meet the goodness of fit criteria. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the SSDS-TR was 0.847, and a moderate correlation (r=0.436 p=0.023) was obtained by the test-retest analysis. The SSDS-TR scores moderately correlated with the ISMI scores (r=0.485, p<0.001) and weakly correlated with the BDI scores (r=0.246, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The SSDS-TR formed by excluding one item from the original scale was demonstrated to be a valid and reliable psychometric tool and is expected to fill a gap in the assessment of self stigmatization of MDD patients in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83222584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE Endogenous attention (EnA) is an ability in goal-driven processes, controlled by top-down mechanisms and exogenous attention (ExA) is an ability in stimulus-driven processes, controlled by bottomup mechanisms. In the present research, it was aimed to investigate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) the EnA and ExA processes in relation to target position (right/left) by using the Spatial Cueing Paradigm (SCP). METHOD The study was conducted with the participants of 65-90 year age range, consisting of 14 female and 14 male (n=28) participants diagnosed with AD and 12 female and 12 male (n=24) healthy volunteers as controls. The group variable (AD, Control) was tested on the intergroup basis; and the attention type (EnA, ExA), trial type (valid /VT+ and invalid/ VT-) and the target position (left/right) variables were tested on the intra-subject basis (within subject design). Two separate factorial ANOVAs were conducted for mean reaction time and accuracy measures obtained from SCP. RESULTS In comparison to the control group, the AD group participants gave slow and wrong reactions to stimuli for EnA and ExA. The AD group responses were faster in the VT+s and more accurate in the VT-s to stimuli on the left as compared to those on the right; and the responses of AD patients to the stimuli on the left as compared to those on the right was more accurate in VT-s under ExA condition. CONCLUSION AD causes impairment of EnA and ExA. Faster reactions by AD participants to the target on the left in VT+s and more accurate reactions to the target on the left in VT-s are in agreement with reports in the literature on the lateralization of visual-spatial attention (VSA) in the right hemisphere. In this study, also in agreement with previous reports, lateralization in AD was noted in favour of the stimuli on the left in ExA.
{"title":"[Endogenous and Exogenous Attention in Alzheimer Type of Dementia: Effect of Target Position].","authors":"Funda Salman, B. Cangöz, Erguvan Tuğba Özel Kızıl","doi":"10.5080/u18330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/u18330","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE Endogenous attention (EnA) is an ability in goal-driven processes, controlled by top-down mechanisms and exogenous attention (ExA) is an ability in stimulus-driven processes, controlled by bottomup mechanisms. In the present research, it was aimed to investigate in Alzheimer's disease (AD) the EnA and ExA processes in relation to target position (right/left) by using the Spatial Cueing Paradigm (SCP). METHOD The study was conducted with the participants of 65-90 year age range, consisting of 14 female and 14 male (n=28) participants diagnosed with AD and 12 female and 12 male (n=24) healthy volunteers as controls. The group variable (AD, Control) was tested on the intergroup basis; and the attention type (EnA, ExA), trial type (valid /VT+ and invalid/ VT-) and the target position (left/right) variables were tested on the intra-subject basis (within subject design). Two separate factorial ANOVAs were conducted for mean reaction time and accuracy measures obtained from SCP. RESULTS In comparison to the control group, the AD group participants gave slow and wrong reactions to stimuli for EnA and ExA. The AD group responses were faster in the VT+s and more accurate in the VT-s to stimuli on the left as compared to those on the right; and the responses of AD patients to the stimuli on the left as compared to those on the right was more accurate in VT-s under ExA condition. CONCLUSION AD causes impairment of EnA and ExA. Faster reactions by AD participants to the target on the left in VT+s and more accurate reactions to the target on the left in VT-s are in agreement with reports in the literature on the lateralization of visual-spatial attention (VSA) in the right hemisphere. In this study, also in agreement with previous reports, lateralization in AD was noted in favour of the stimuli on the left in ExA.","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81876666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), typically associated with the triad of gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinence, rarely presents with symptoms of mania, depression or psychosis and psychiatric disorders may complicate the diagnosis. Few cases of NPH and psychiatric disease comorbidity have been reported so far. In most of these cases, NPH was associated with depression and psychotic symptoms. Mania symptoms were also reported in a few cases those of which were associated with a history of bipolar disorder (BPD) or subthreshold BPD symptoms. In this paper, we present a case of late-onset mania symptoms simultaneously presenting with NPH in a healthy individual without a history of psychiatric disorder.
{"title":"A Case of Simultaneous Mania and Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Etiology or Comorbidity?","authors":"Münevver Tünel, S. Çakmak, L. Tamam, Turgay Demir","doi":"10.5080/U23340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/U23340","url":null,"abstract":"Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), typically associated with the triad of gait disturbance, dementia and urinary incontinence, rarely presents with symptoms of mania, depression or psychosis and psychiatric disorders may complicate the diagnosis. Few cases of NPH and psychiatric disease comorbidity have been reported so far. In most of these cases, NPH was associated with depression and psychotic symptoms. Mania symptoms were also reported in a few cases those of which were associated with a history of bipolar disorder (BPD) or subthreshold BPD symptoms. In this paper, we present a case of late-onset mania symptoms simultaneously presenting with NPH in a healthy individual without a history of psychiatric disorder.","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76933518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oğuzhan Kılınçel, Ş. Kılınçel, Cem Gündüz, Ş. Cangür, C. Akkaya
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the clozapine on the course of the rapid cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder. METHOD The study group was formed with the patients aged between 18 and 65 years of age, who met the criteria for the diagnosis of Bipolar Affective Disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition, with rapid cycling characteristics. Variables like the number of mania and depressive episodes, the days spent in mania and in depression and the number of hospitalization and attempted suicide, in the year before starting clozapine were determined and compared with the annual data after starting the clozapine. RESULTS Eleven female and two male patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The group`s average daily use of clozapine was 180 mg (25-600 mg). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of days spent in the depression, the days spent in the mania, the number of depressive episodes and manic episodes, the number of hospitalizations and the suicide attempts after the clozapine use. CONCLUSION In this study, it was determined that clozapine was effective as a mood stabilizer in Bipolar Affective Disorder treatment. The results show that clozapine reduces the episode frequency and the duration in rapid cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder which does not respond to all conventional treatments, including lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine and antipsychotic drugs.
{"title":"The Role of Clozapine as a Mood Regulator in the Treatment of Rapid Cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder.","authors":"Oğuzhan Kılınçel, Ş. Kılınçel, Cem Gündüz, Ş. Cangür, C. Akkaya","doi":"10.5080/U23063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/U23063","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the clozapine on the course of the rapid cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder. METHOD The study group was formed with the patients aged between 18 and 65 years of age, who met the criteria for the diagnosis of Bipolar Affective Disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition, with rapid cycling characteristics. Variables like the number of mania and depressive episodes, the days spent in mania and in depression and the number of hospitalization and attempted suicide, in the year before starting clozapine were determined and compared with the annual data after starting the clozapine. RESULTS Eleven female and two male patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The group`s average daily use of clozapine was 180 mg (25-600 mg). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of days spent in the depression, the days spent in the mania, the number of depressive episodes and manic episodes, the number of hospitalizations and the suicide attempts after the clozapine use. CONCLUSION In this study, it was determined that clozapine was effective as a mood stabilizer in Bipolar Affective Disorder treatment. The results show that clozapine reduces the episode frequency and the duration in rapid cycling Bipolar Affective Disorder which does not respond to all conventional treatments, including lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine and antipsychotic drugs.","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74457878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic disease with recurrent episodes of mania and depression. There is urgent need for rapid, effective, and safe treatments for bipolar depression which is difficult to treat using the current standard METHODS. Triple chronotherapy is a combination of sleep deprivation, sleep phase shift, and bright light therapy which has been shown to induce accelerated and sustained remissions in bipolar depression. In this report, we present a case of bipolar depression undergoing triple chronotherapy in addition to the standard treatment and discuss the importance of getting fast and sustained response in these cases.
{"title":"[Triple Chronotherapy for Bipolar Depression: A Case Report].","authors":"Evnur Kahyacı Kılıç, O. Çalıyurt","doi":"10.5080/U23381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5080/U23381","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic disease with recurrent episodes of mania and depression. There is urgent need for rapid, effective, and safe treatments for bipolar depression which is difficult to treat using the current standard METHODS. Triple chronotherapy is a combination of sleep deprivation, sleep phase shift, and bright light therapy which has been shown to induce accelerated and sustained remissions in bipolar depression. In this report, we present a case of bipolar depression undergoing triple chronotherapy in addition to the standard treatment and discuss the importance of getting fast and sustained response in these cases.","PeriodicalId":94262,"journal":{"name":"Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73209781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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