Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry最新文献

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationship between university students' difficulties regulating emotions and their tendency to gamble.

Method: The population of this cross-sectional and correlational study consisted of 69,000 undergraduate level students studying at three state universities in three different provinces in Turkey between February-September 2022. Based on the calculation using the sampling method of the known population, study data were collected face-to-face from 750 students. The data were collected using three tools: a descriptive information form, the South Oaks Gambling Screening Test (SOGS), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship among the scales' mean scores.

Results: Of the participating university students, 51.6% were female and 48.4% were male. Of these students, 42% stated that they had gambled at least once in their lives and 25.3% of them were still gambling. The mean DERS score was 38.14±14.37, which indicated a moderate difficulty in emotional regulation, and the mean SOGS score was 5.12±3.18. A positive and significant correlation was found between DERS SOGS (r=0.304, p<0.05). It was determined that university students' tendency to gamble was predicted by the three sub-dimensions of the DERS (Clarity (β=0.258, p=0.001), Purpose (β=0.156, p=0.021) and Non-Acceptance (β=1.768, p=0.001)), being male and gambling status in the family (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Emotional regulation difficulties in university students may play an important role in their gambling tendencies.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of digital technology tool use in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Turkey, as well as evaluating the association between the use and psychosocial functionality and clinical symptoms.

Method: Data were collected from 100 patients who were diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder based on the DSM-5 criteria. The use of technology was evaluated with a questionnaire developed for this study. The level of psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), and the positive and negative symptom severity was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS).

Results: The digital technology users were significantly younger than the non-users. The majority of patients own a mobile phone (86%) and a computer (67%). Furthermore, 61% of patients used mobile applications, with Facebook and WhatsApp being the most popular social media platforms (48%). Patients who used digital technology tools had higher PSP scores. Furthermore, patients who used digital technology tools had significantly lower scores in PANSS negative subscale. There was no difference in PANSS positive subscale scores between digital technology tool users and non-users.

Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia may benefit from mobile applications and social media tools that can help them participate in daily activities and improve their overall well-being.

Objective: Affective lability, which is an important aspect of mood dysregulation, is seen in many psychiatric conditions. The aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Affective Lability Scale-18 in the Turkish sample of the non-clinical group.

Method: A total of 615 individuals (312 females and 303 males) who did not have a past or current psychiatric disorder were included in the study. The participants were administered sociodemographic data form, Affective Lability Scale-18, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory. The participants were divided into 4 groups; a pilot group, EFA (exploratory factor analysis) group, CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) group and test-retest group.

Results: The factor analysis conducted for the construct validity of the scale, revealed similar results to that of the original scale. The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was 0.92 for the EFA group and 0.92 for the CFA group. The test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.82. Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) were used tp measure validity. The correlation between the total scores of participants on the ALS-18 and their scores on the DERS and BDI was determined to be positive and moderate (r=0.38, r=41).

Conclusion: The Affective Lability Scale-18 in the Turkish sample, three sub-dimensions, anxiety/depression, depression/elevation, anger and the general factor all have sufficient internal consistency and it has been demonstrated that the scale can be applied in our country to evaluate the situations in which affect variability is evaluated.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the factors that affect the likelihood of suicide in the elderly, with a focus on individuals aged 80 and older.

Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 7 nursing homes in the Manisa province, Turkiye. The data has been collected through face-toface using a socio-demographic data form, the life satisfaction scale, and the suicide probability scale. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0, non-parametric statistical methods have been employed.

Results: The study included 278 elderly participants, 5 outliers were removed from the analysis. Among the included elderly participants (n=273), the anger score averages of males were higher. Low, high, and moderate income were found to have a higher suicide probability respectively. Those who resided in a nursing home for 3 years or more had higher anger scores. Elderly individuals residing in publicly funded nursing homes had higher averages in suicide probability, negative self, exhaustion, and anger scores. Further analyses were performed among the octogenarian population (n=149). Octogenarian males had higher scores in Suicide Probability, Disconnection from Life, and Anger Scale than the female octagenarian participants. Octogenarians with low income were found to experience a lack of attachment to life and higher levels of anger. In publicly funded nursing homes, octogenarians had higher suicide probability and anger scores compared to those in private nursing homes.

Conclusion: The risk of suicide in octogenarians should be taken seriously. Factors such as gender, income level, and type of nursing home can influence this risk.

Objective: Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a serious mental disorder that affects the individual, family, environment and society as a whole. In this study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and coping styles, with craving, reasons for consumption and finally remission history.

Method: This is a cross sectional study. We included 90 Erenköy Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Training and Research Hospital AMATEM patients with AUD according to DSM-5. AUD diagnosis is confirmed by SCID-5 CV. Subjects with additional psychiatric conditions are excluded. Subjects without withdrawal symptoms by CIWA-Ar are included. Sociodemographic data form, Young Schema Questionnaire Short form-3, Young Rygh Avoidance Inventory, Young Compensation Inventory, Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised, Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale was applied.

Results: Our findings show that male subjects who have early maladaptive schemas, especially in Impaired autonomy and performance; Failure, Disconnection and rejection; Social İsolation/alienation, Impaired Limits; Insufficient Self-Control/Self-Discipline domains, experience more cravings. Individuals coping with the Psychosomatism, Activity and Distraction, and Rebellion schemes experienced more craving. Those who coped with 'schema avoidance' tended towards alcohol consumption with Coping Motivation, and those who coped with 'schema compensation' with Impact Enhancement and Social motivations. There was no significant difference between the scores of the scales and the craving levels between the groups with and without a history of permanent remission.

Conclusion: The data in our study showed that early maladaptive schemas and ways of coping with schemas are associated with craving. In the early stages of treatment, it is important to consider cognitive intervention focused on schemas and coping styles.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD) is characterized by mental, physical and cognitive symptoms that occurs in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and regresses in the week following menstruation. In PDD, serotonin reuptake inhibitors and combined contraceptives are the primary pharmacologic treatments. In cases where there is a personal or family history of bipolar disorder (BD), the use of antidepressants may pose a risk of inducing manic episodes. The frequent coexistence of BD and PDD, the fact that both diseases are cyclic in nature and that common mechanisms such as hormonal changes play a role in their aetiologies, suggest that lithium might be efficacious in the treatment of PDD. Here, we present a case who didn't have a BD but a family history of BD and was treated with lithium monotherapy for PDD with a successful outcome. In cases where first- and second-line therapies cannot be used or no response is obtained in PDD patients, pharmacological agents that have demonstrated efficacy in preventing mood episodes among first-degree relatives, may present a viable solution. Keywords: Antidepressive Agents, Drug Therapy, Lithium, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, Premenstrual Syndrome.

Objective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is typically treated with medications however psychological and psychosocial interventions are recommended for symptoms that persist despite pharmacological treatment. This study aims to review randomized controlled trials focusing on the psychological and psychosocial interventions in the treatment of ADHD.

Method: Eight databases were searched using keyword pairs "ADHD" and "therapy", "ADHD" and "psychological treatment", "ADHD" and "psychosocial treatment", "ADHD" and "CBT", "attention deficit" and "therapy", "attention deficit" and "psychological treatment", "attention deficit" and "psychosocial treatment", "attention deficit" and "CBT". The search was conducted at March 2022.

Results: Forty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 51% included the child and adolescent age group, 49% included the adult age. In 87% of these studies, psychosocial interventions, when implemented in addition to medication, resulted in significant improvements in ADHD symptoms.

Conclusion: The results indicate that the use of psychosocial interventions, in addition to medical approaches, makes significant contributions to the treatment of ADHD. There is a need for studies investigating the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in the treatment of ADHD in Turkiye.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalance of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in patients with Opioid Use Disorder and to investigate both the sociodemographic and psychological differences between patients with or without Hepatitis C Virus.

Method: Blood samples were taken from patients diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) who applied to Mersin Provincial Health Directorate Toros State Hospital Alcohol and Drug Addiction Treatment Center (AMATEM) between 01.09.2019-01.09.2020 and hepatitis virus markers, complete blood count and basic biochemistry were assessed. Sociodemographic Evaluation Form, Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Childhood Traumas Scale, Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), Temps-A Temperament Scale, Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale were applied to 107 patients with HCV and 101 patients without HCV who were selected by systematic sampling and the findings obtained were compared.

Results: Of the 1190 patients diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder, 340 (28.5%) were found to be HCV positive. 107 HCV-positive and 101 HCVnegative patients who were selected for comparison were similar in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. Among HCV positive patients, the rate of intravenous drug use and needle sharing were significantly higher (p<0.001, p<0.001). Overall duration of substance use and intravenous substance use were significantly higher in HCV positive patients (p=0.024 and p=0.017). Similarly, HCV positive group were significantly more likely (p<0.001) to have heard of HCV before and significantly more likely (p=0.009) to know that HCV causes cirrhosis and liver cancer. Regarding the scores of Barratt Impulsivity Scale, Childhood Traumas Scale, Substance Use Disorder Recognition Test, DUDIT, Temps -A Temperament Scales applied to HCV positive and HCV negative patients with Opioid Use Disorder, no difference was found. The scores of the 'Non-Acceptance' factor of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale were found to be significantly higher in HCV positive patients with Opioid Use Disorder (p=0.020).

Conclusion: Patients diagnosed with Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) have higher rates of HCV positivity compared to general public. Intravenous drug use significantly increases this risk. Half of HCV-positive patients were unaware that they have the virus and only a very small proportion received treatment. Therefore, examining each patient with OUD for HCV, treating positive patients in an effective referral system seems to be the an important step in the eradication of this disease in this population.

Around 300 cases of stigma have been described since the 13th century. Hematidrosis, hemolacria, bloody otorrhea, vicarious menstruation, and Gardner-Diamond syndrome are dermatological manifestations that are also observed in cases of stigma. This paper presents the disconcerting circumstances in the life of the Blessed Elena Aiello. From 1923 until her death, she suffered severe hematidrosis blood sweating on her forehead, hands, feet and knees, just as stigmata appear at the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Stigmas, in Christian tradition, are marks corresponding to those left on Christ's body by the torture and the Crucifixion, it's said that are impressed on the person body by divine favor. These episodes, among the few recognised as authentic by the Catholic Church would appear each Friday in Lent, particularly on Good Friday. In this unique case study, doctors Fabrizio and Turano performed a medical study where the origin of the sores was unclear. Neurologist and psychiatrist Vincenzo Bianchi, on assessing the case, raised the possibility of simulation or mere suggestion on the part of the patient. Keywords: Elena Aiello, Autosuggestion, Psychology, Stigmata, Psychopathology, Malingering, Factitious Disorder.

Objective: We investigated the prevalence and distribution of depressive symptoms in individuals aged 15 and older, as well as the relationship between depressive symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, health status and health behaviors.

Method: The analysis of data collected from the Türkiye Health Surveys conducted by Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSAT) in 2016 and 2019 involved using the Chi-Square independence test. Effect sizes were evaluated using Phi or Cramer's V coefficients. Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) module was used to scan the depressive symptoms.

Results: The adult population's point of prevalence of depressive symptoms was 4.7%±0.24 in males and 8%±0.19 in females, with a population total of 6.3%±0.21. The yearly prevalence of depressive symptoms was 6.1%±0.45 in males, 13.2%±0.53 in females and a population total of 10%±0.49. Age, gender, income, education, social support, health status, disability, and chronic illnesses were found to be significant predictors of the incidence of depressive symptoms (p<0,05). The results indicated that the rate of people with depression getting help from psychologists, psychotherapists,and psychiatrists was low.

Conclusion: Age, gender, income, education, marital status, self-rated health status, social support, number of chronic illnesses, and disability were the most important risk factors for depressive episodes. In addition to such self-reported research completed before the pandemic and Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye, further studies based on structured diagnostic interviews are required.