Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-95-99
V. A. Orekhov, V. Bobkov, M. Dli
The work presents the results of experimental studies of thermal deformations of phosphate raw materials, which have a significant impact on the progress of chemical and energy technological processes of thermal treatment in roasting conveyor and agglomeration machines. Influence on the value of thermal deformations of chemical and mineralogical composition of phosphate raw materials supplied for processing was revealed. Parameters of thermal deformation during heating are determined taking into account heating rate. It has been found that thermal deformations in the region of high temperatures contribute to softening and melting of phosphate materials, thereby contributing to negative gas dynamics processes in the dense layer of phosphorite pellets on the sintering machine conveyor or in the sintering layer on the agglomeration machine belt
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE-CONCENTRATION STABILITY OF THERMAL DEFORMATIONS OF PHOSPHORITES DURING HEATING","authors":"V. A. Orekhov, V. Bobkov, M. Dli","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-95-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-95-99","url":null,"abstract":"The work presents the results of experimental studies of thermal deformations of phosphate raw materials, which have a significant impact on the progress of chemical and energy technological processes of thermal treatment in roasting conveyor and agglomeration machines. Influence on the value of thermal deformations of chemical and mineralogical composition of phosphate raw materials supplied for processing was revealed. Parameters of thermal deformation during heating are determined taking into account heating rate. It has been found that thermal deformations in the region of high temperatures contribute to softening and melting of phosphate materials, thereby contributing to negative gas dynamics processes in the dense layer of phosphorite pellets on the sintering machine conveyor or in the sintering layer on the agglomeration machine belt","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80034128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-63-89-35-44
Evgeniy O. Drozdov, D. Buzina, A. A. Malkov, A. A. Malygin
A comparative analysis of the structural and chemical transformations of vanadium oxochloride structures obtained by treating the silica surface with VOCl3 vapors was carried out based on quantum chemical modeling and experimental studies. The effect of temperature on the change in the composition and structure of surface vanadium-containing groups is estimated.
{"title":"QUANTUM CHEMICAL MODELING OF THERMALLY INDUCED STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF VANADIUM OXOCHLORIDE GROUPS ON SILICA SURFACE","authors":"Evgeniy O. Drozdov, D. Buzina, A. A. Malkov, A. A. Malygin","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-63-89-35-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-63-89-35-44","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative analysis of the structural and chemical transformations of vanadium oxochloride structures obtained by treating the silica surface with VOCl3 vapors was carried out based on quantum chemical modeling and experimental studies. The effect of temperature on the change in the composition and structure of surface vanadium-containing groups is estimated.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84000530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-44-50
D. A. Erofeev, L. N. Mashlyakovsky
In this article, highly-hydrophobic polyurethane coatings with low limiting wetting angle hysteresis were received by the surface modification with sol-gel technology. The influence of sol components on structure of obtained gels in acid- and base-catalyzed sol-gel process examined by both Fourier-infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Influence of tetraethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane ratio on wetting of xerogels coating was shown. Particle size distribution in receiving sols was investigated. By atomic-force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy the topography and the morphology of the surface of polyurethane coatings modified by xerogels were studied
{"title":"HIGHLY-HYDROPHOBIC POLYURETHANE COATINGS SURFACE-MODIFIED BY AMINOSILANE CONTAINED SOLS","authors":"D. A. Erofeev, L. N. Mashlyakovsky","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-44-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-44-50","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, highly-hydrophobic polyurethane coatings with low limiting wetting angle hysteresis were received by the surface modification with sol-gel technology. The influence of sol components on structure of obtained gels in acid- and base-catalyzed sol-gel process examined by both Fourier-infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Influence of tetraethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane ratio on wetting of xerogels coating was shown. Particle size distribution in receiving sols was investigated. By atomic-force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy the topography and the morphology of the surface of polyurethane coatings modified by xerogels were studied","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88841458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-57-61
Yuliya N. Pavlyukova, Natalya D. Shashurina, V. Ostrovskii
The kinetics of the nitration reaction of m-nitrobenzoic acid with nitric acid in a sulfuric acid medium of various concentrations was studied by UV spectroscopy. The observed differences in the rate of nitration of m-nitrobenzoic acid from the nitration of alkylbenzenes are associated with the electron-withdrawing nature of the carboxyl group, as well as with its protonation. During the reaction, not only 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is formed, but also products with significantly higher molar absorption coefficients
{"title":"KINETICS OF NITRATION OF M-NITROBENZOIC ACID IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF SULFURIC ACID","authors":"Yuliya N. Pavlyukova, Natalya D. Shashurina, V. Ostrovskii","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-57-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-57-61","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetics of the nitration reaction of m-nitrobenzoic acid with nitric acid in a sulfuric acid medium of various concentrations was studied by UV spectroscopy. The observed differences in the rate of nitration of m-nitrobenzoic acid from the nitration of alkylbenzenes are associated with the electron-withdrawing nature of the carboxyl group, as well as with its protonation. During the reaction, not only 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid is formed, but also products with significantly higher molar absorption coefficients","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82056881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-76-83
D. Ershov, E. Borovinskaya
Several different mathematical models describing the process of biodiesel production from triglycerides during the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil with monohydric alcohols (methanol, ethanol) were investigated and compared. The analysis revealed the difficulty of comparing different mathematical models and the lack of a unified approach to modeling the process under study. The most accurate of all analyzed models to describe and predict the progress of this process is the Schwartz model
{"title":"COMPARISON OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF REACTIONS KINETICS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION PROCESS","authors":"D. Ershov, E. Borovinskaya","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-76-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-76-83","url":null,"abstract":"Several different mathematical models describing the process of biodiesel production from triglycerides during the transesterification reaction of vegetable oil with monohydric alcohols (methanol, ethanol) were investigated and compared. The analysis revealed the difficulty of comparing different mathematical models and the lack of a unified approach to modeling the process under study. The most accurate of all analyzed models to describe and predict the progress of this process is the Schwartz model","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83778759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-9-15
Yuliya I. Kurmaeva, M. A. Afonin, Andrey I. Fischer
The densities of mixed solutions of rare-earth elements of the medium-heavy group with NaCl were determined by the pycnometric method. Aqueous solutions of NaCl with concentrations of 10,50,100,150,200, 220 g/dm3 containing lanthanide chlorides of the medium-heavy group with a concentration range from 0.05 mol/dm3 to 1.73 mol/dm3 at pH = 1.5 were studied. Dielectric permittivity of solutions with the concentration of the aggregate REE in the aqueous phase from 0.05 mol/dm3 to 0.75 mol/dm3 and NaCl concentration equal to 150 g/dm3 was measured in the frequency range from 0.5 to 110 MHz. Empirical equations were constructed that relate the density of the solution to the concentration of NaCl, to the concentration of the sum of rare-earth elements, and to the dielectric permittivity. These equations make it possible to calculate the concentration of sodium chloride from the density of solution and from the aggregate REE concentration. The empirical formula makes it possible to calculate the concentration of the sum of REE chlorides of the medium-heavy group at a known concentration of sodium chloride from the dielectric permittivity of the aqueous solution
{"title":"DENSITY AND DIELECTRIC PERMEABILITY OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF REE CHLORIDES OF MEDIUM-HEAVY GROUP IN PRESENCE OF SODIUM CHLORIDE","authors":"Yuliya I. Kurmaeva, M. A. Afonin, Andrey I. Fischer","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-9-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-9-15","url":null,"abstract":"The densities of mixed solutions of rare-earth elements of the medium-heavy group with NaCl were determined by the pycnometric method. Aqueous solutions of NaCl with concentrations of 10,50,100,150,200, 220 g/dm3 containing lanthanide chlorides of the medium-heavy group with a concentration range from 0.05 mol/dm3 to 1.73 mol/dm3 at pH = 1.5 were studied. Dielectric permittivity of solutions with the concentration of the aggregate REE in the aqueous phase from 0.05 mol/dm3 to 0.75 mol/dm3 and NaCl concentration equal to 150 g/dm3 was measured in the frequency range from 0.5 to 110 MHz. Empirical equations were constructed that relate the density of the solution to the concentration of NaCl, to the concentration of the sum of rare-earth elements, and to the dielectric permittivity. These equations make it possible to calculate the concentration of sodium chloride from the density of solution and from the aggregate REE concentration. The empirical formula makes it possible to calculate the concentration of the sum of REE chlorides of the medium-heavy group at a known concentration of sodium chloride from the dielectric permittivity of the aqueous solution","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83308461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-21-24
Ksenia Yu. Bakhteeva, Tamara K. Musina, T. Diankova
The article provides a comparative analysis of the functional properties of meta-aramide fibers of Russian and foreign manufacturers. The possibilities and limitations of the use of materials based on Arlan fiber are shown. A high level of fire protection of LIRSOT LLC products in combination with hygroscopicity was noted.
{"title":"ARLAN FIBER IS AN ADVANCED RAW MATERIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FIRE-RESISTANT MATERIALS","authors":"Ksenia Yu. Bakhteeva, Tamara K. Musina, T. Diankova","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-21-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-62-88-21-24","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides a comparative analysis of the functional properties of meta-aramide fibers of Russian and foreign manufacturers. The possibilities and limitations of the use of materials based on Arlan fiber are shown. A high level of fire protection of LIRSOT LLC products in combination with hygroscopicity was noted.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79312593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-63-89-9-13
Dmitrii A. Trubin
The article highlights the results of the research performed on refractory composite ceramic material based on ZrB2–ZrO2–B system obtained via hot pressing method. At temperature of 1750 oC material with density of 3.8 – 4.6 g/cm3 was obtained. Testing the material for erosion resistance in high speed gas flow at the temperature of 2200 С revealed average ablation of 2%. Microstructure research prior and after the test was conducted
{"title":"HOT-PRESSED REFRACTORY REINFORCED COMPOSITE CERAMIC MATERIAL BASED ON ZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE AND ZIRCONIUM OXIDE","authors":"Dmitrii A. Trubin","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-63-89-9-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-63-89-9-13","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the results of the research performed on refractory composite ceramic material based on ZrB2–ZrO2–B system obtained via hot pressing method. At temperature of 1750 oC material with density of 3.8 – 4.6 g/cm3 was obtained. Testing the material for erosion resistance in high speed gas flow at the temperature of 2200 С revealed average ablation of 2%. Microstructure research prior and after the test was conducted","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80625723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-16-21
Y. Fedorov, V. Samonin, Kristina A. Zaporozhets, Anastasiya V. Gavretskaya, Anastasiya A. Shestel
Comparative studies of the sorption of CaCl2 by Fe2O3, NiO, Cr2O3 and ZrO2, as well as binary sorbents obtained from mixed oxides at a molar ratio of 1 : 1 were carried out. The formation of new active centers on the surface of binary sorbents was shown by using the method of mathematical modeling. Those active centers are not the mechanical sum of the active centers of individual oxides that are part of binary ones. The greatest increase in the sorption properties of binary sorbents compared with the additive sum of individual oxides is observed at relatively low concentrations of CaCl2 less than 3 g/dm3.
{"title":"FEATURES OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE ADSORPTION BY BINARY SORBENTS BASED ON IRON, CHROMIUM, NICKEL AND ZIRCONIUM OXIDES","authors":"Y. Fedorov, V. Samonin, Kristina A. Zaporozhets, Anastasiya V. Gavretskaya, Anastasiya A. Shestel","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-16-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-16-21","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative studies of the sorption of CaCl2 by Fe2O3, NiO, Cr2O3 and ZrO2, as well as binary sorbents obtained from mixed oxides at a molar ratio of 1 : 1 were carried out. The formation of new active centers on the surface of binary sorbents was shown by using the method of mathematical modeling. Those active centers are not the mechanical sum of the active centers of individual oxides that are part of binary ones. The greatest increase in the sorption properties of binary sorbents compared with the additive sum of individual oxides is observed at relatively low concentrations of CaCl2 less than 3 g/dm3.","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82039716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.36807/1998-9849-2022-60-86-7-10
A. V. Kameshkov
The results of single–stage extraction of light gas oil of delayed coking of Omsk refinery with N,N - dimethylformamide at the mass ratio of extractant to raw materials are presented 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, as well as four-stage countercurrent extraction and cross-current at a mass ratio of N,N - dimethylformamide to raw materials 0.4:1 and a temperature of 40 oC. With four-stage countercurrent extraction, raffinate was obtained with a yield of 75.1% by weight, in which, compared with raw materials, the sulfur content was reduced from 0.733 to 0.452% by weight, nitrogen - from 1912 to 305 ppm, the amount of polycycloarenes - from 18.7 to 11% by weight, the cetane index increased from 41.6 to 53.5 points. Raffinate meets the requirements for marine fuels for ships sailing in open waters
{"title":"SINGLE-STAGE AND MULTI-STAGE EXTRACTION PURIFICATION OF LIGHT GAS OIL OF THE DELAYED COKING UNIT OF PJSC GAZPROMNEFT - OMSK REFINERY WITH N,N – DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE","authors":"A. V. Kameshkov","doi":"10.36807/1998-9849-2022-60-86-7-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-60-86-7-10","url":null,"abstract":"The results of single–stage extraction of light gas oil of delayed coking of Omsk refinery with N,N - dimethylformamide at the mass ratio of extractant to raw materials are presented 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, as well as four-stage countercurrent extraction and cross-current at a mass ratio of N,N - dimethylformamide to raw materials 0.4:1 and a temperature of 40 oC. With four-stage countercurrent extraction, raffinate was obtained with a yield of 75.1% by weight, in which, compared with raw materials, the sulfur content was reduced from 0.733 to 0.452% by weight, nitrogen - from 1912 to 305 ppm, the amount of polycycloarenes - from 18.7 to 11% by weight, the cetane index increased from 41.6 to 53.5 points. Raffinate meets the requirements for marine fuels for ships sailing in open waters","PeriodicalId":9467,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University)","volume":"233 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80284619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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