Canadian Journal of Zoology最新文献_第7页

Factors Affecting Home Discharge of Older Adults with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Japan Regional Population. 影响日本地区颈椎脊髓损伤老年人出院回家的因素。

IF 1.2 4区生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Pub Date : 2023-06-09 eCollection Date: 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2023-0045

Sota Sasaki, Tetsuo Hayashi, Muneaki Masuda, Osamu Kawano, Takuaki Yamamoto, Takeshi Maeda

Introduction: Older adults with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) often have a poor prognosis due to the high number of complications, decreased motivation to rehabilitation, and poor response to treatment. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of CSCI in Japanese older adults and examined the factors influencing their discharge home.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we extracted data on consecutive cases with CSCI between 2005 and 2020 from the study hospital's database. Patients over 65 years old who were admitted to the hospital within 14 days of injury were selected. A univariate analysis was performed between the home discharge and out-of-home discharge groups. In addition, binary logistic regression analysis of admission findings and patient background was performed to examine independent factors influencing home discharge.

Results: Of the 219 patients included, 90 (41.1%) were eventually discharged to home. Comparing home discharge and out-of-home discharge groups revealed significant differences in age at injury, length of hospital stay, neurological level of injury (NLI), percentage of American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS: A), percentage of living alone, ASIA motor score (AMS), and Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) at initial visit and discharge. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that old age (over 75 years old) at injury (odds ratio [OR]: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16-0.60, P<.001), living alone (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.03-0.42, P<.01), high level of injury (i.e., NLI: C1-4; OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09-0.53, P<.0001), and percentage of AIS: A at admission (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04-0.24, P<.001) were independent factors that influenced home discharge.

Conclusions: More than 50% older adults with CSCI were discharged to a place other than their own home. Age, percentage of AIS: A, living alone, and high level of injury at admission were independent factors that influenced home discharge.

导言：患有颈椎脊髓损伤（CSCI）的老年人由于并发症多、对康复的积极性降低以及对治疗的反应差，往往预后不佳。本研究旨在调查日本老年人颈脊髓损伤的特征，并研究影响他们出院回家的因素：在这项回顾性队列研究中，我们从研究医院的数据库中提取了 2005 年至 2020 年间 CSCI 连续病例的数据。研究选取了受伤后 14 天内入院的 65 岁以上患者。我们对居家出院组和非居家出院组进行了单变量分析。此外，还对入院检查结果和患者背景进行了二元逻辑回归分析，以研究影响居家出院的独立因素：结果：在纳入的 219 名患者中，有 90 人（41.1%）最终出院回家。比较居家出院组和非居家出院组发现，初次就诊和出院时的受伤年龄、住院时间、神经损伤程度（NLI）、美国脊柱损伤协会（ASIA）损伤量表（AIS：A）百分比、独居百分比、ASIA运动评分（AMS）和脊髓独立性测量（SCIM）存在显著差异。二元逻辑回归分析显示，受伤时年龄较大（75 岁以上）（几率比 [OR]：0.31，95% CI：0.16-0.60，PC 结论：50%以上患有CSCI的老年人出院后住在自己家以外的地方。年龄、AIS：A 的百分比、独居和入院时受伤程度高是影响出院回家的独立因素。

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引用次数: 0

Short-term exposure of near-future CO2 has limited influence on the energetics and behaviour of young-of-year salmonids 短期暴露于近未来的二氧化碳对幼龄鲑鱼的能量学和行为影响有限

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0183

Emma M. Traynor, Simon W DePasquale, C. Hasler

In many freshwater ecosystems carbon dioxide (CO2) is increasing. Unknown are the risks that high CO2 poses for freshwater organisms, especially for fish. The objective of this study was to determine how CO2 may influence the growth rate, metabolic rate, feeding rate, and volitional behaviour of young-of-year Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus; Linnaeus, 1758), brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis; Mitchill, 1815), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; Walbaum, 1792). For this study, fish stayed in control CO2 levels (1,100 µatm) or elevated CO2 (5,236 µatm) for 15 days. During this time metabolic rate and behavioural tests were conducted on alternating days for each treatment. Weight and length of each fish were taken on days 0, 7 and 15. There was no evidence that elevated CO2 affected the growth rate, feeding rate, or behaviour in any of these species. The standard metabolic rate in Arctic charr did differ based on CO2 exposure. Therefore, salmonids can withstand short periods of elevated CO2 under these conditions. By comparing closely related species, the implications of this work are more ecologically relevant and will also help industry quantify the effects of high CO2 on young salmonids.

在许多淡水生态系统中，二氧化碳（CO2）正在增加。高二氧化碳对淡水生物，尤其是鱼类造成的风险尚不清楚。本研究的目的是确定二氧化碳如何影响一年生北极沙尔（Salvelinus alpinus；Linnaeus，1758）、溪沙尔（Salvelinus fontinalis；Mitchill，1815）和虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss；Walbaum，1792）的生长率、代谢率、进食率和意志行为。在这项研究中，鱼类在对照CO2水平（1100µatm）或升高的CO2水平（5236µatm）下停留了15天。在这段时间里，每种治疗都在交替的日子里进行代谢率和行为测试。在第0天、第7天和第15天测量每条鱼的重量和长度。没有证据表明二氧化碳含量升高会影响这些物种的生长速度、进食速度或行为。北极炭的标准代谢率确实因二氧化碳暴露而有所不同。因此，在这些条件下，鲑鱼可以承受短期的二氧化碳升高。通过比较亲缘关系密切的物种，这项工作的影响更具生态相关性，也将有助于行业量化高二氧化碳对幼年鲑鱼的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Overlap in habitat use and activity patterns between sika deer (Cervus nippon) and Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus) in subalpine habitats: exploitative competition rather than direct interference? 亚高山地区梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)和日本梅花鹿(Capricornis crispus)栖息地利用和活动模式的重叠:利用性竞争而非直接干扰?

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0013

H. Takada, Keita Nakamura

Examining multiple niche relationships, such as habitat use and activity patterns, between sympatric species contributes to an understanding of the mechanisms of coexistence and competition. Sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838) and Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus Temminck, 1836) often show different habitat use, and diversity in vegetation and topography seems to facilitate their coexistence. Conversely, their habitat use may overlap in areas with low-diversity habitats; however, this remains unstudied. Moreover, whether they spatiotemporally avoid each other to reduce direct interference is unclear. We examined the fine-scale patterns of habitat use and activity of deer and serows in the subalpine forests of Mount Fuji, which have low-diversity habitats, using camera trapping data over three years. Deer and serow habitat niches largely overlapped, especially in summer (92%–94%) and autumn (89%–91%), suggesting that low-diversity habitats facilitate overlapping habitat use. Both species selected areas frequently used by the other during spring to autumn and their temporal niches largely overlapped, especially in summer (88%) and autumn (83%), suggesting that they do not spatiotemporally avoid each other (i.e., there is no direct interference). Rapid range expansion of deer into these subalpine habitats may exclude native serows through resource exploitative competition rather than interference competition.

研究同域物种之间的多种生态位关系，如栖息地使用和活动模式，有助于理解共存和竞争的机制。梅花鹿（Cervus nippon Temminck，1838）和日本serows（Capricornis crispus Temminc克，1836）经常表现出不同的栖息地用途，植被和地形的多样性似乎有助于它们的共存。相反，在栖息地多样性较低的地区，它们的栖息地使用可能重叠；然而，这一点仍未得到研究。此外，它们是否在时空上相互回避以减少直接干扰尚不清楚。我们使用三年来的相机捕捉数据，研究了富士山亚高山森林中鹿和浆虫的栖息地使用和活动的精细模式，这些森林的栖息地多样性较低。鹿和麋鹿的栖息地生态位在很大程度上重叠，尤其是在夏季（92%-94%）和秋季（89%-91%），这表明低多样性的栖息地有利于重叠的栖息地使用。这两个物种都选择了对方在春季至秋季经常使用的区域，它们的时间生态位很大程度上重叠，尤其是在夏季（88%）和秋季（83%），这表明它们在时空上没有相互回避（即没有直接干扰）。鹿向这些亚高山栖息地的快速扩张可能会通过资源开发竞争而非干扰竞争来排斥本地的血清。

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引用次数: 0

The physiological state of four commercially important bivalve species during a naturally occurring heatwave 四种商业上重要的双壳类动物在自然发生的热浪中的生理状态

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0215

Jasmine Talevi, L. Steeves, Michael R. S. Coffin, T. Guyondet, T. Sakamaki, L. Comeau, R. Filgueira

Shallow coastal environments are becoming more susceptible to marine heatwaves, particularly in Atlantic Canada, which is experiencing higher rates of ocean warming compared to the global average. Understanding bivalves’ tolerance to heatwaves in Atlantic Canada is especially important given the magnitude of bivalve aquaculture in this region. In this study, the physiological state of four commercially important bivalve species; blue mussel (Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758), eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791)), soft shell clam (Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758), hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758)), was observed during a naturally occurring heatwave in Prince Edward Island, Canada. The metabolism, feeding physiology, and Scope For Growth of each species was compared. Results from this study, and comparisons with the literature, show interspecific variability in the metabolic rate and feeding physiology between species, but generally oysters, soft shell clams and hard clams were less impacted during the heatwave compared with the blue mussels. Additionally, only the Scope For Growth of mussels declined throughout this experiment, which may be explained by cumulative heat stress as temperatures experienced during this heatwave exceed the thermal tolerance limits of mussels.

浅海沿岸环境越来越容易受到海洋热浪的影响，特别是在加拿大大西洋地区，与全球平均水平相比，那里的海洋变暖速度更快。考虑到该地区双壳类水产养殖的规模，了解加拿大大西洋双壳类对热浪的耐受性尤为重要。在这项研究中，四种重要的商业双壳类动物的生理状态;蓝贻贝(Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758)、东牡蛎(Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791))、软壳蛤(Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758)、硬壳蛤(佣兵蛤(Linnaeus, 1758))在加拿大爱德华王子岛一次自然发生的高温天气中被发现。比较了各种鱼的代谢、摄食生理和生长范围。本研究的结果以及与文献的比较表明，不同物种之间的代谢率和摄食生理存在种间差异，但一般而言，牡蛎、软壳蛤和硬壳蛤在热浪中受到的影响小于蓝贻贝。此外，在整个实验过程中，只有贻贝的生长范围下降，这可能是由于在热浪期间经历的温度超过了贻贝的热耐受极限而产生的累积热应力。

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引用次数: 0

Short-term effects of camera trap installation on incubation constancy in cranes 设置诱捕器对吊车孵化稳定性的短期影响

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0021

Jessica Jaworski, Bradley N. Strobel, S. Dubay

Research regarding how birds respond to the installation of cameras at nest sites is limited. We installed cameras at nests of Sandhill Cranes Antigone canadensis Linnaeus, 1758 and federally endangered Whooping Cranes Grus americana Linnaeus, 1758 in Juneau County, Wisconsin as part of an ongoing study monitoring the reproductive success of Whooping Cranes in Wisconsin. The eastern population of Sandhill Cranes has grown while Whooping Crane population growth has been slow, prompting the need to monitor the reproductive success of cranes on the refuge. We recorded the flight initiation distance during camera installation, the return time after camera installation as well as measured the distance cameras were placed from each nest. We included temperature at camera deployment, age of nest, mode of access, ordinal date, and year in statistical regression models. We found an apparent difference in the observed flight initiation distances between the two species. Sandhill Cranes allowed researchers to approach their nests closer than Whooping Cranes prior to flushing. The post-disturbance return time was influenced by how far away the cameras were placed from the nest and the ambient temperature during camera deploy. Our study may help inform decisions regarding species response to methods and distance when deploying cameras especially for endangered or disturbance sensitive species.

关于鸟类对在鸟巢安装摄像机的反应的研究是有限的。我们在1758年的Antigone canadensis Linnaeus沙丘鹤和1758年在威斯康辛州朱诺县的联邦濒危物种Grus americana Linnaeus的巢中安装了摄像机，作为监测威斯康辛州Whooping crane繁殖成功的持续研究的一部分。东部沙丘鹤的数量在增长，而呼鸣鹤的数量增长缓慢，这促使人们需要监测保护区内鹤的繁殖成功率。我们记录了安装摄像机时的起飞距离，安装摄像机后的返回时间，并测量了摄像机放置到每个鸟巢的距离。我们在统计回归模型中纳入了摄像机部署时的温度、巢龄、访问方式、顺序日期和年份。我们发现在观察到的两个物种之间的飞行起始距离有明显的差异。沙丘鹤让研究人员在冲水前比鸣鹤更接近它们的巢穴。干扰后的回归时间受摄像机离巢的距离和摄像机部署时的环境温度的影响。我们的研究可以帮助决定在部署相机时物种对方法和距离的反应，特别是对濒危或干扰敏感的物种。

{"title":"Short-term effects of camera trap installation on incubation constancy in cranes","authors":"Jessica Jaworski, Bradley N. Strobel, S. Dubay","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Research regarding how birds respond to the installation of cameras at nest sites is limited. We installed cameras at nests of Sandhill Cranes Antigone canadensis Linnaeus, 1758 and federally endangered Whooping Cranes Grus americana Linnaeus, 1758 in Juneau County, Wisconsin as part of an ongoing study monitoring the reproductive success of Whooping Cranes in Wisconsin. The eastern population of Sandhill Cranes has grown while Whooping Crane population growth has been slow, prompting the need to monitor the reproductive success of cranes on the refuge. We recorded the flight initiation distance during camera installation, the return time after camera installation as well as measured the distance cameras were placed from each nest. We included temperature at camera deployment, age of nest, mode of access, ordinal date, and year in statistical regression models. We found an apparent difference in the observed flight initiation distances between the two species. Sandhill Cranes allowed researchers to approach their nests closer than Whooping Cranes prior to flushing. The post-disturbance return time was influenced by how far away the cameras were placed from the nest and the ambient temperature during camera deploy. Our study may help inform decisions regarding species response to methods and distance when deploying cameras especially for endangered or disturbance sensitive species.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42411240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variation in the supercooling points of laboratory-reared Canadian Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) 实验室饲养的加拿大变异革螨过冷点的变化(蜱螨:伊蚊科)

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2023-0037

M. E. Yunik, S. Dergousoff, N. Chilton

The geographical range of the american dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say, 1821), in Canada is expanding northwards into areas where ticks experience colder temperatures during winter. Understanding the ability of D. variabilis to cope with freezing temperatures is important for determining what limits the distributional range of this species. In this study, the supercooling point (SCP = the sub-zero temperature at which freezing occurs) was measured for 318 laboratory-reared D. variabilis individuals (109 nymphs and 209 adults). These ticks were reared from questing adult ticks collected from an area adjacent to Blackstrap Provincial Park in Saskatchewan, Canada. The results showed that there was no relationship between the SCP and body weight of adult ticks, and no difference in the SCP of female and male ticks. However, the mean SCP of nymphs (-23.6°C) was significantly lower than that of adults (-21.6°C). The biological significance of this finding needs to be explored further given that D. variabilis larvae and adults are the primary overwintering stages at northern latitudes.

美国犬蜱(1821年)在加拿大的地理范围正在向北扩展，进入蜱在冬季经历较冷温度的地区。了解D. variabilis应对冰冻温度的能力对于确定是什么限制了该物种的分布范围非常重要。本研究测量了318只实验室饲养的变异夜蛾(109若虫和209成虫)的过冷点(SCP =发生冻结的零度以下温度)。这些蜱虫是从加拿大萨斯喀彻温省黑带省立公园附近收集的成年蜱虫中饲养的。结果表明，成年蜱的SCP与体重无显著关系，雌雄蜱的SCP无显著差异。然而，若虫的平均SCP(-23.6°C)明显低于成虫(-21.6°C)。鉴于变异夜蛾幼虫和成虫是北纬地区的主要越冬阶段，这一发现的生物学意义有待进一步探讨。

引用次数: 0

Structure of breeding calls in three closely related bird species (Calidris; Scolopacidae) 三种亲缘关系密切的鸟类（Calidris；Scolopacidae）的繁殖叫声结构

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0211

E. Miller, P. Tomkovich, V. Arkhipov, C. Handel

We analyzed calls of three related sandpipers to document species’ similarities and differences. We hypothesized that functionally different calls would differ in degree of divergence. We studied two nuptial calls (complex “Song” and rhythmically repeated aerial call, RRC) of males, and a general-purpose call (“alarm” trill, AT) given by parents of both sexes in the presence of humans and other potential predators, in a small clade: great knot, Calidris tenuirostris (Horsfeld, 1821); surfbird, C. virgata (Gmelin, 1789); and red knot, C. canutus (Linnaeus 1758). Calls diverged unevenly across species, but RRCs and Song diverged most and ATs least. Vocalizations of great knot and surfbird were most similar to one another, in agreement with a recently proposed phylogeny. Despite species differences in single acoustic traits, calls were evolutionarily conservative at higher structural levels, such as rhythmic temporal delivery of RRCs and harmonic structure (e.g., the fundamental frequency was commonly suppressed). Some acoustic qualities that differed across species were similar across call types within species (e.g., tonality in red knot calls). Trait similarity across different calls suggests that a species’ calls cannot evolve independently of one another: common mechanisms of vocal production across different calls may impede differentiation within a species’ repertoire.

我们分析了三种相关鹬的叫声，以记录物种的相似性和差异性。我们假设功能不同的呼叫在分歧程度上会有所不同。我们研究了雄性的两种婚礼叫声（复杂的“Song”和有节奏重复的空中叫声，RRC），以及两性父母在人类和其他潜在捕食者存在的情况下发出的一种通用叫声（“alarm”颤音，AT），在一个小分支中：大结，Calidris tenuirostris（Horsfeld，1821）；冲浪鸟C.virgata（Gmelin，1789）；和红结C.canutus（林奈1758）。不同物种之间的叫声差异不均衡，但RRC和Song的分歧最大，AT的分歧最小。大节鸟和冲浪鸟的发音最相似，这与最近提出的系统发育一致。尽管在单个声学特征上存在物种差异，但在更高的结构水平上，如RRC的节律性时间传递和谐波结构（例如，基频通常被抑制），叫声在进化上是保守的。一些因物种而异的音质在物种内不同的叫声类型之间是相似的（例如，红结叫声的音调）。不同叫声之间的特征相似性表明，一个物种的叫声不能独立进化：不同叫声之间声音产生的共同机制可能会阻碍一个物种曲目中的分化。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of bat white-nose syndrome on hibernation and swarming aggregations of bats in Ontario 蝙蝠白鼻综合征对安大略省蝙蝠冬眠和群集的影响

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0139

Lauren A. Hooton, A. A. Adams, A. Cameron, E. Fraser, Lesley Hale, Steven R. Kingston, M. B. Fenton, L. McGuire, Erin E Stukenholtz, C. Davy

Emerging infectious diseases can have substantial impacts on wildlife health, but also provide an opportunity to understand how populations respond to novel selective pressures. White-nose syndrome (WNS) has decimated some populations of bats in eastern North America, but impacts vary among species. We counted bats in 11 hibernacula in Ontario, Canada before and after WNS arrived, and compared the relative abundance of 5 bat species captured pre-WNS (1966-1968 and 2007-2009) and post-WNS (2017-2019) during swarming at one of these hibernacula. Counts of hibernating bats declined by 87-100 % after WNS arrived. However, we observed a recent, gradual increase in bat counts in the two largest, monitored hibernacula. During swarming, Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat; Le Conte, 1831) was the most frequently captured bat in all sampling periods. Capture frequency of M. septentrionalis (northern long-eared bat; Trouessart, 1897) declined precipitously after WNS arrived, while M. leibii (eastern small-footed bat; Audubon and Bachman, 1842) represented a higher proportion of bat captures in 2017-2019 compared to other sampling periods. Our data suggest potential adaptation of some bat populations to WNS, but also highlight the importance of protecting bats and their habitat during the active season to facilitate population recovery.

新出现的传染病可能对野生动物的健康产生重大影响，但也为了解种群如何应对新的选择性压力提供了机会。白鼻综合征（WNS）已经使北美东部的一些蝙蝠种群大量死亡，但其影响因物种而异。我们统计了WNS到来前后加拿大安大略省11个冬眠库中的蝙蝠，并比较了在其中一个冬眠库群集期间，在WNS之前（1966-1968年和2007-2009年）和之后（2017-2019年）捕获的5种蝙蝠的相对丰度。WNS到来后，冬眠蝙蝠的数量下降了87-100%。然而，我们观察到，在两个最大的、受监测的冬眠中，蝙蝠数量最近逐渐增加。在群集过程中，滑鼠（小棕色蝙蝠；Le Conte，1831）是所有采样期中捕获频率最高的蝙蝠。在WNS到来后，M.septentrisis（北方长耳蝙蝠；Trouesart，1897）的捕获频率急剧下降，而M.leibii（东部小脚蝙蝠；Audubon和Bachman，1842）在2017-2019年的蝙蝠捕获比例高于其他采样期。我们的数据表明，一些蝙蝠种群可能会适应WNS，但也强调了在活跃季节保护蝙蝠及其栖息地以促进种群恢复的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Brood Viability and Rising Temperature on Oxygen Consumption of Freshwater Mussel Glochidia (Bivalvia: Unionidae) 养殖能力和温度升高对盖氏淡水贻贝耗氧量的影响（双壳目：单壳目）

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0149

R. Fluharty, H. Abdelrahman, James A. Stoeckel

Unionid mussels are imperiled worldwide. Understanding the impacts of thermal and hypoxia stress on larval (glochidia) and adult physiology is critical for understanding potential impacts of climate change. We tested whether brood viability (proportion of glochidia competent to attach to a host) was correlated with oxygen demand (MO2), ability to regulate oxygen consumption (RI), and/or critical dissolved oxygen concentration (DOcrit). We then examined effects of temperature on MO2, RI, and DOcrit. Results were coupled with a previous study to estimate the fraction of brooding female oxygen demand comprised of glochidial respiration. We found little evidence that respiratory patterns of glochidia changed with declining brood viability, but strong evidence for decreasing glochidial RI and increasing DOcrit with increasing temperatures. Glochidial respiration temperature coefficient (Q10) values were approximately 2-3x those estimated for brooding females, indicating greater temperature sensitivity. The proportion of gravid female respiration comprised of glochidial respiration reached its maximum at temperatures (23–28 °C) coinciding with brood expulsion. These patterns suggest high temperatures may have deleterious effects on unionids by decreasing hypoxia tolerance of glochidia, increasing the rate at which glochidia deplete energy reserves, and increasing the proportion of oxygen consumption by gravid females that is comprised of glochidial oxygen demand.

Unionid贻贝在世界范围内受到威胁。了解热应激和缺氧应激对幼虫和成虫生理的影响对于了解气候变化的潜在影响至关重要。我们测试了幼崽的生存能力（能够附着在宿主上的球壳虫的比例）是否与需氧量（MO2）、调节耗氧量（RI）和/或临界溶解氧浓度（DOcrit）相关。然后，我们研究了温度对MO2、RI和DOcrit的影响。结果与之前的一项研究相结合，该研究估计了由声门呼吸组成的育婴雌性氧气需求的比例。我们发现，几乎没有证据表明声门的呼吸模式会随着幼仔生存能力的下降而改变，但有强有力的证据表明，声门RI会随着温度的升高而降低，DOcrit会增加。肾小球呼吸温度系数（Q10）值约为产卵雌性估计值的2-3倍，表明温度敏感性更高。妊娠期雌性呼吸由声门呼吸组成的比例在温度（23–28°C）下达到最大值，此时正值育婴期。这些模式表明，高温可能会降低肾小球的耐缺氧性，增加肾小球消耗能量储备的速度，并增加怀孕雌性的耗氧量（占肾小球耗氧量的比例），从而对联合体产生有害影响。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial scale affects the importance of deterministic and stochastic factors in the structuring of tadpole assemblages in Brazilian Cerrado 空间尺度影响巴西塞拉多蝌蚪群落结构中确定性和随机性因素的重要性

IF 1.4 4区生物学 Q3 ZOOLOGY

Canadian Journal of Zoology

Pub Date : 2023-05-25 DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0181

F. Fava, Gabriela Alves, Ingrid da Paixão, M. Melo, F. Nomura

Many factors influence the structure of natural assemblages. Species interaction and environmental factors may generate deterministic patterns, whereas dispersal and ecological drift may generate stochastic patterns. We used pond systems to understand how deterministic and stochastic factors interact and influence tadpole assemblages at different spatial scales. We used variation partitioning and a co-occurrence analysis to evaluate how local environment heterogeneity, species interaction, and spatial variables affected species composition at local and regional scales in Brazilian savanna. Both deterministic and stochastic processes were important to explain tadpole distribution at regional scale, but with a greater contribution of stochastic factors. At local scales, environmental and niche traits were more important to explain tadpole distribution into the habitats. We demonstrate that in Brazilian Cerrado, species composition can be explained by the "MacArthur paradox", in which niche processes are important at local scales, whereas dispersal constraints and population processes lead to stochastic patterns in species distribution at large spatial scales.

影响自然组合结构的因素很多。物种相互作用和环境因素可能产生确定性模式，而扩散和生态漂变可能产生随机模式。我们使用池塘系统来了解确定性和随机因素如何相互作用并影响不同空间尺度下的蝌蚪组合。采用变异分区和共现分析方法，研究了巴西热带稀树草原局部环境异质性、物种相互作用和空间变量对物种组成的影响。在区域尺度上，确定性过程和随机过程都是解释蝌蚪分布的重要因素，但随机因素的贡献更大。在局部尺度上，环境和生态位特征更重要地解释了蝌蚪在栖息地的分布。在巴西塞拉多，物种组成可以用“麦克阿瑟悖论”来解释，其中生态位过程在局部尺度上很重要，而分散约束和种群过程在大空间尺度上导致物种分布的随机模式。

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引用次数: 0