Romilda Narciza Mendonça de Queiroz, Graciele de Barros, Linaldo Luiz de Oliveira, Camile Dias Avelino, T. L. Dias
The Caribbean bivalve Isognomon bicolor (C. B. Adams, 1845) is currently among the main invasive species along the Brazilian coast. The present study evaluated the co-occurrence, influence, and relationship of the native macrobenthic community with I. bicolor. The study was performed on samples collected from two sandstone reefs located in Northeast Brazil. We observed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly across reefs, zones, and seasons. The higher density of I. bicolor in the lower intertidal zone (347.7 ind/m² ± 800.8) was one of the main differentiation factors of zonation. The results indicated that the evenness of the community and some gastropods had a negative effect on I. bicolor. We found a negative correlation between the co-occurrence of I. bicolor with the macroalgae Hypnea sp. and Gracilaria caudata J. Agardh 1852 and the microgastropod Eulithidium affine (C. B. Adams, 1850). This study provides data on the relationship between I. bicolor and the native community of sandstone reefs, which could be applied to monitor the expansion of I. bicolor to the Northeast region of Brazil.
加勒比双壳类生物Isognomon bicolor (C. B. Adams, 1845)是目前巴西海岸的主要入侵物种之一。本研究评估了本土大型底栖动物群落与双色鲤的共现、影响及其关系。这项研究是在巴西东北部的两个砂岩礁上采集的样本上进行的。我们观察到，大型底栖动物群落在不同的珊瑚礁、区域和季节之间存在显著差异。下潮间带双色蝶密度较高(347.7 ind/m²±800.8)，是分带的主要分异因素之一。结果表明，群落的均匀性和部分腹足类动物对双色田鼠有不利影响。我们发现双色瓢虫与大藻类Hypnea sp.和Gracilaria caudata J. Agardh(1852)和小腹足类Eulithidium affine (C. B. Adams, 1850)共生呈负相关。本研究提供了双色刺槐与原生砂岩礁群落关系的数据，可用于监测双色刺槐在巴西东北部地区的扩张。
{"title":"Influence of the invasive bivalve Isognomon bicolor on the native community found in northeast Brazilian coast","authors":"Romilda Narciza Mendonça de Queiroz, Graciele de Barros, Linaldo Luiz de Oliveira, Camile Dias Avelino, T. L. Dias","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0138","url":null,"abstract":"The Caribbean bivalve Isognomon bicolor (C. B. Adams, 1845) is currently among the main invasive species along the Brazilian coast. The present study evaluated the co-occurrence, influence, and relationship of the native macrobenthic community with I. bicolor. The study was performed on samples collected from two sandstone reefs located in Northeast Brazil. We observed that the macrobenthic community differed significantly across reefs, zones, and seasons. The higher density of I. bicolor in the lower intertidal zone (347.7 ind/m² ± 800.8) was one of the main differentiation factors of zonation. The results indicated that the evenness of the community and some gastropods had a negative effect on I. bicolor. We found a negative correlation between the co-occurrence of I. bicolor with the macroalgae Hypnea sp. and Gracilaria caudata J. Agardh 1852 and the microgastropod Eulithidium affine (C. B. Adams, 1850). This study provides data on the relationship between I. bicolor and the native community of sandstone reefs, which could be applied to monitor the expansion of I. bicolor to the Northeast region of Brazil.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48988703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyra Rachel Bankhead, Grace Freeman, Wyatt L. Heimbichner Goebel, A. Acevedo-Gutiérrez
Haul-out sites of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758, include areas with high levels of anthropogenic noise. In some cases, seals haul out at night when there are lower in-air noise levels. However, it is unclear if there are additional responses to noise pollution. To determine potential impacts of anthropogenic noise on haul-out behavior, we compared numbers of hauled-out harbor seals relative to in-air noise levels at two sites in Washington State, USA —one close to human activities (Bellingham waterfront) and one more distant (Semiahmoo marina)— between July 2020 and August 2021. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models to identify predictors of seal numbers. The marina had lower mean noise levels than the waterfront (39.7 ± SD 6.1 dB, n = 29 observations versus 51.2 ± SD 5.2 dB, n = 126 observations). The plotted model prediction showed a significantly negative association between noise and seals at the marina, and no association was found at the waterfront. Results indicate that in-air noise levels may influence seal numbers at sites where human activities are low. They also suggest that, besides hauling out at night, seals may become tolerant to in-air noise levels at sites where human activities are high.
{"title":"Effects of anthropogenic noise on haul-out numbers of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina)","authors":"Kyra Rachel Bankhead, Grace Freeman, Wyatt L. Heimbichner Goebel, A. Acevedo-Gutiérrez","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0053","url":null,"abstract":"Haul-out sites of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758, include areas with high levels of anthropogenic noise. In some cases, seals haul out at night when there are lower in-air noise levels. However, it is unclear if there are additional responses to noise pollution. To determine potential impacts of anthropogenic noise on haul-out behavior, we compared numbers of hauled-out harbor seals relative to in-air noise levels at two sites in Washington State, USA —one close to human activities (Bellingham waterfront) and one more distant (Semiahmoo marina)— between July 2020 and August 2021. We used Generalized Linear Mixed Models to identify predictors of seal numbers. The marina had lower mean noise levels than the waterfront (39.7 ± SD 6.1 dB, n = 29 observations versus 51.2 ± SD 5.2 dB, n = 126 observations). The plotted model prediction showed a significantly negative association between noise and seals at the marina, and no association was found at the waterfront. Results indicate that in-air noise levels may influence seal numbers at sites where human activities are low. They also suggest that, besides hauling out at night, seals may become tolerant to in-air noise levels at sites where human activities are high.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43303637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatty acids play a critical role in embryonic development of cephalopods. However, little information is available on the allocation of fatty acids to eggs during oogenesis, limiting our understanding regarding how these animals maximize reproductive performance in terms of energy and nutrient use. We explored the nutrients for egg production during maturation for Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus (Castellanos, 1960)) by comparing the fatty acid profiles between the ovary and eggs in the oviducts. We detected 30 fatty acids in the ovary and eggs, of which 19 constituted more than 0.2% of the total fatty acid content. The overall fatty acids in the ovary varied significantly among maturity stages, while the eggs had a consistent amount of total fatty acids and relative amount of individual fatty acids. There were consequently significant differences in the fatty acid profiles between the ovary and eggs by maturity stage and in total. Additionally, eggs had more saturated fatty acids but less polyunsaturated fatty acids than the ovary. Cumulatively, our results reveal that this squid produces eggs with consistent levels of nutrients virtually regardless of how the nutrient profile of the ovary varies during maturation, providing insight into the egg production process relation to nutrient allocation.
{"title":"Nutrient allocation to eggs in female Argentinus shortfin squid, Illex argentinus using fatty acids as nutrient indicator","authors":"Na Zang, Dongming Lin, A. Punt, Xin-jun Chen","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Fatty acids play a critical role in embryonic development of cephalopods. However, little information is available on the allocation of fatty acids to eggs during oogenesis, limiting our understanding regarding how these animals maximize reproductive performance in terms of energy and nutrient use. We explored the nutrients for egg production during maturation for Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus (Castellanos, 1960)) by comparing the fatty acid profiles between the ovary and eggs in the oviducts. We detected 30 fatty acids in the ovary and eggs, of which 19 constituted more than 0.2% of the total fatty acid content. The overall fatty acids in the ovary varied significantly among maturity stages, while the eggs had a consistent amount of total fatty acids and relative amount of individual fatty acids. There were consequently significant differences in the fatty acid profiles between the ovary and eggs by maturity stage and in total. Additionally, eggs had more saturated fatty acids but less polyunsaturated fatty acids than the ovary. Cumulatively, our results reveal that this squid produces eggs with consistent levels of nutrients virtually regardless of how the nutrient profile of the ovary varies during maturation, providing insight into the egg production process relation to nutrient allocation.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46154618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erika Helmond, K. Finlay, C. Sheffield, M. Hart, Jennifer M. Heron
Physella wrighti Te and Clarke, 1985 is an Endangered freshwater snail endemic to the Liard Hot Springs. The thermal characteristics of its environment suggest water temperature (WT) is essential in the snail’s survival. Initially, P. wrighti’s preferred WT was assessed, with 23°C preferred. To determine if WT influenced the snail, the activity level, behaviour, survivability, number of egg masses (EM) produced, number of eggs per mass (EPM), egg volume, egg mass viability, and incubation period (IP) were examined in 13°C, 23°C (preferred WT), and 33°C water. No differences were found in activity level, but snails in 33°C left the water more frequently, experienced total mortality, had the shortest survival length, produced the fewest EMs, however, had the shortest IP. Snails in 13°C survived the longest, produced the most EPM, but had the lowest viability. Snails in 23°C produced the most EMs and had the greatest viability, EPM did not differ from 33°C, and IP was between 13°C and 33°C. These data indicate P. wrighti benefits more from WTs in the lower range of its habitat and has implications for its ecology and conservation.
{"title":"Ascertaining the Life History and Thermal Preferences and Tolerances of the Hot Spring Snail Physella wrighti Te and Clarke (Gastropoda: Physidae)","authors":"Erika Helmond, K. Finlay, C. Sheffield, M. Hart, Jennifer M. Heron","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0217","url":null,"abstract":"Physella wrighti Te and Clarke, 1985 is an Endangered freshwater snail endemic to the Liard Hot Springs. The thermal characteristics of its environment suggest water temperature (WT) is essential in the snail’s survival. Initially, P. wrighti’s preferred WT was assessed, with 23°C preferred. To determine if WT influenced the snail, the activity level, behaviour, survivability, number of egg masses (EM) produced, number of eggs per mass (EPM), egg volume, egg mass viability, and incubation period (IP) were examined in 13°C, 23°C (preferred WT), and 33°C water. No differences were found in activity level, but snails in 33°C left the water more frequently, experienced total mortality, had the shortest survival length, produced the fewest EMs, however, had the shortest IP. Snails in 13°C survived the longest, produced the most EPM, but had the lowest viability. Snails in 23°C produced the most EMs and had the greatest viability, EPM did not differ from 33°C, and IP was between 13°C and 33°C. These data indicate P. wrighti benefits more from WTs in the lower range of its habitat and has implications for its ecology and conservation.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41317367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biting flies can strongly influence the behaviour of their hosts; for example, there is evidence that some species may avoid harassment by reducing their locomotory activity. We tested the hypothesis that potential hosts can reduce their attraction to deer flies by remaining stationary – that reducing locomotory movement reduces exposure to new deer flies compared to remaining still. During early summer in central Ontario, Canada, we conducted 20-minute trials where a human host either walked or sat quietly; tabanids were captured and counted each minute using a hat outfitted with a sticky trap. During ten trials in each treatment, we captured a total of 868 deer flies, all in the genus Chrysops; the total capture while walking was nearly 5-fold greater than while sitting. During trials, the change in catch rate also differed with host activity. While the host was sitting, the mean rate of capture declined rapidly (-16% per min) to nearly zero by 20 minutes. In contrast, while the host was walking, this decline was much more gradual (-5% per minute); after 20 minutes, the catch rate remained nearly constant, at roughly half the initial rate. These results are consistent with the hypothesis.
{"title":"Human hosts recruit more host-seeking deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) while walking than sitting","authors":"April C. DeJong, J. Schaefer, D. Beresford","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Biting flies can strongly influence the behaviour of their hosts; for example, there is evidence that some species may avoid harassment by reducing their locomotory activity. We tested the hypothesis that potential hosts can reduce their attraction to deer flies by remaining stationary – that reducing locomotory movement reduces exposure to new deer flies compared to remaining still. During early summer in central Ontario, Canada, we conducted 20-minute trials where a human host either walked or sat quietly; tabanids were captured and counted each minute using a hat outfitted with a sticky trap. During ten trials in each treatment, we captured a total of 868 deer flies, all in the genus Chrysops; the total capture while walking was nearly 5-fold greater than while sitting. During trials, the change in catch rate also differed with host activity. While the host was sitting, the mean rate of capture declined rapidly (-16% per min) to nearly zero by 20 minutes. In contrast, while the host was walking, this decline was much more gradual (-5% per minute); after 20 minutes, the catch rate remained nearly constant, at roughly half the initial rate. These results are consistent with the hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crustaceans usually undergo a series of changes after the puberty molt. These changes are often associated with size increases in the body and in structures such as the abdomen and claws, so that they can achieve higher reproductive fitness. These morphological changes allow the animal to fight, court, and signal for its conspecific with better performance. To compare ontogenetic changes, we used the freshwater crab Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1851 as a model. We analyzed differences in carapace and claw shape, force generation (via the apodeme area), morphological integration of claws, and color changes among demographic groups. Adult crabs had an increase in claw and carapace size followed by a shape change that makes the claws more robust. In addition, the animals changed from a dark brown coloration in juveniles to a dark red coloration in adult males, while adult females presented a dark red-brown coloration. Presumably, phenotypic changes may enhance crabs’ ability to obtain different food sources, as well as fight for sexual partners, and manipulate females during courtship. Color changes can be a strategy by which adult males can signal to females, while the dark brown coloration of juveniles can help in camouflage in the substrate.
{"title":"From color to shape: ontogenetic shifts in traits of the freshwater crab Dilocarcinus pagei (Brachyura: Trichodactylidae)","authors":"A. R. da Silva, C. S. Nogueira","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Crustaceans usually undergo a series of changes after the puberty molt. These changes are often associated with size increases in the body and in structures such as the abdomen and claws, so that they can achieve higher reproductive fitness. These morphological changes allow the animal to fight, court, and signal for its conspecific with better performance. To compare ontogenetic changes, we used the freshwater crab Dilocarcinus pagei Stimpson, 1851 as a model. We analyzed differences in carapace and claw shape, force generation (via the apodeme area), morphological integration of claws, and color changes among demographic groups. Adult crabs had an increase in claw and carapace size followed by a shape change that makes the claws more robust. In addition, the animals changed from a dark brown coloration in juveniles to a dark red coloration in adult males, while adult females presented a dark red-brown coloration. Presumably, phenotypic changes may enhance crabs’ ability to obtain different food sources, as well as fight for sexual partners, and manipulate females during courtship. Color changes can be a strategy by which adult males can signal to females, while the dark brown coloration of juveniles can help in camouflage in the substrate.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41448001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adult digeneans of Maritrema afanassjewi Belopol’skaya, 1952 parasitize birds and mammals at the North Pacific coasts and was previously studied in a view of morphology. However, morphological features not supported by molecular characterization are considered an insufficient tool for the identification of evolutionary lineages of microfallid digeneans. Here we provide the first data on the phylogenetic position of this species inferred from sequences of 28S rRNA gene and ITS2 locus of the nuclear DNA as well as additional morphometric data. The trematodes were isolated from the intestine of the Ussuri brown bear, Ursus arctos lasiotus Gray, 1867on Iturup Island (the southern Kuril Islands). This is the second record of M. afanassjewi in the brown bear. Phylogeny based on the 28S rRNA gene was poorly resolved for this parasite species. The analyses based on ITS2 locus dataset showed that M. afanassjewi was a low-supported sister to Maritrema subdolum Jägerskiöld, 1909.
{"title":"The phylogenetic position of Maritrema afanassjewi Belopol’skaya, 1952 (Digenea, Plagiorchiida: Microphallidae), a parasite of the Ussuri brown bear, Ursus arctos lasiotus Gray, 1867 (Carnivora, Ursidae)","authors":"S. Sokolov, S. Shchenkov, F. Khasanov, I. Gordeev","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0210","url":null,"abstract":"Adult digeneans of Maritrema afanassjewi Belopol’skaya, 1952 parasitize birds and mammals at the North Pacific coasts and was previously studied in a view of morphology. However, morphological features not supported by molecular characterization are considered an insufficient tool for the identification of evolutionary lineages of microfallid digeneans. Here we provide the first data on the phylogenetic position of this species inferred from sequences of 28S rRNA gene and ITS2 locus of the nuclear DNA as well as additional morphometric data. The trematodes were isolated from the intestine of the Ussuri brown bear, Ursus arctos lasiotus Gray, 1867on Iturup Island (the southern Kuril Islands). This is the second record of M. afanassjewi in the brown bear. Phylogeny based on the 28S rRNA gene was poorly resolved for this parasite species. The analyses based on ITS2 locus dataset showed that M. afanassjewi was a low-supported sister to Maritrema subdolum Jägerskiöld, 1909.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43818694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Avila-Flores, Rafael León-Madrazo, Lucio Pérez-Pérez, A. Z. Rodas-Martínez
The family Molossidae includes several species of bats that thrive in tropical and subtropical cities of the world. It has been suggested that the remarkable tolerance of some molossid species to urban life might partially result from a suite of behavioral preadaptations. In this study, we described some aspects of the roosting, social, vocal, and foraging behavior of one of these species, Molosssus nigricans Miller, 1902, in the tropical city of Villahermosa, in southeastern Mexico. We described roosting attributes and colony size in 54 roosts of M. nigricans between 2016 and 2018. In a subsample of roosts, we registered emergence and return times throughout the night, described colony composition, and recorded vocalizations using a full-spectrum ultrasonic detector. We found that M. nigricans exhibits high plasticity in its roosting behavior, occupying both natural and anthropogenic structures with narrow gaps and cracks. Their social structure appears to be flexible, and their colonies are variable in size, allowing them to exploit a wide variety of roosts. Their high foraging efficiency, tolerance to artificial light, and its remarkable vocal plasticity seem to be other elements that may help us to better understand the success of M. nigricans in tropical urban environments.
{"title":"Behavioral observations of Molossus nigricans in a Neotropical city: a contribution toward understanding its urban tolerance","authors":"R. Avila-Flores, Rafael León-Madrazo, Lucio Pérez-Pérez, A. Z. Rodas-Martínez","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0188","url":null,"abstract":"The family Molossidae includes several species of bats that thrive in tropical and subtropical cities of the world. It has been suggested that the remarkable tolerance of some molossid species to urban life might partially result from a suite of behavioral preadaptations. In this study, we described some aspects of the roosting, social, vocal, and foraging behavior of one of these species, Molosssus nigricans Miller, 1902, in the tropical city of Villahermosa, in southeastern Mexico. We described roosting attributes and colony size in 54 roosts of M. nigricans between 2016 and 2018. In a subsample of roosts, we registered emergence and return times throughout the night, described colony composition, and recorded vocalizations using a full-spectrum ultrasonic detector. We found that M. nigricans exhibits high plasticity in its roosting behavior, occupying both natural and anthropogenic structures with narrow gaps and cracks. Their social structure appears to be flexible, and their colonies are variable in size, allowing them to exploit a wide variety of roosts. Their high foraging efficiency, tolerance to artificial light, and its remarkable vocal plasticity seem to be other elements that may help us to better understand the success of M. nigricans in tropical urban environments.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41981909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food grinding is an abnormal behavior in rodents, and its influencing factors are unknown. Our study investigated the potential relationships between gut microbiota and food grinding in Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii (Radde, 1861)) by comparing the differences between groups with different degrees of food grinding. The strong food-grinding group showed more relative food ground, higher ratio of ground food to food consumption, and lower percentage of time spent in the central area. The structure of fecal microbiota community differed between the strong and weak food-grinding groups. Strong and weak food-grinding voles showed higher abundance of Alistipes and Aerococcus and Atopostipes, Paenalcaligenes, Un--s-Clostridiaceae bacterium GM1, and Streptococcus, respectively. Strong correlations between the food ground to consumption ratio and abundances of fecal microbiota were found in Streptococcus and Paenalcaligenes. Fecal acetate and isobutyrate contents were higher in strong food-grinding voles and positively correlated with relative ground food and food ground to consumption ratio. Our study suggests that gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids may contribute to the regulation of food-grinding behavior.
{"title":"Relationship between food grinding and gut microbiota in Brandt’s voles","authors":"Qiuyi Shen, Jia Shi, Ke-Han Gu, Wanhong Wei, Shengmei Yang, Xin Dai","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Food grinding is an abnormal behavior in rodents, and its influencing factors are unknown. Our study investigated the potential relationships between gut microbiota and food grinding in Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii (Radde, 1861)) by comparing the differences between groups with different degrees of food grinding. The strong food-grinding group showed more relative food ground, higher ratio of ground food to food consumption, and lower percentage of time spent in the central area. The structure of fecal microbiota community differed between the strong and weak food-grinding groups. Strong and weak food-grinding voles showed higher abundance of Alistipes and Aerococcus and Atopostipes, Paenalcaligenes, Un--s-Clostridiaceae bacterium GM1, and Streptococcus, respectively. Strong correlations between the food ground to consumption ratio and abundances of fecal microbiota were found in Streptococcus and Paenalcaligenes. Fecal acetate and isobutyrate contents were higher in strong food-grinding voles and positively correlated with relative ground food and food ground to consumption ratio. Our study suggests that gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids may contribute to the regulation of food-grinding behavior.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44180455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Macías-Duarte, E. Juárez, Eduardo Sánchez-Murrieta, Efraín Leonel Perales-Hoeffer, C. Ortega-Rosas
Unveiling factors that determine abundance and distribution of endangered wildlife species has important implications for their conservation across international boundaries. For instance, the Western Distinct Population (as defined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) of the yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) has disappeared in most of the species’ range across western United States and southwestern Canada but little is known about the conservation status at the southern edge of its breeding distribution in Mexico. To fill this information gap, we estimated abundance and occupancy rates of yellow-billed cuckoos using a standard broadcast call survey protocol. We used Bayesian spatial count models to estimate cuckoo population density at survey sites. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate the effects of geography, climate, and vegetation on occupancy rates while accounting for imperfect detection. Mean cuckoo count per transect for all sites was C = 9.00 ± 0.45 cuckoos. Overall cuckoo density was D = 13.18 cuckoos/km2 (SD(D) = 5.61 cuckoos/km2). Overall cuckoo occupancy in Sonora was ψ = 0.538 (95%CrI(ψ) = 0.488–0.600), but showed strong geographic variation. Relatively high occupancy levels suggest yellow-billed cuckoo populations in Sonora may be robust, but they are largely reliant on declining high-tree cover.
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