Invasive species are widely implicated in the decline of songbird populations, potentially via indirect effects such as the restructuring of ecological communities by non-native plants. We used stable isotope analysis to investigate whether ground-foraging, generalist insectivore Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla Linnaeus, 1766) shifted diets following invasion by a non-native shrub, Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC), in a temperate woodland system in New York, USA where barberry was previously linked to trophic downgrading in the leaf litter arthropod community. Assimilated Ovenbird diets were primarily composed of predatory invertebrates followed by sucking herbivores, chewing herbivores, and detritivores. The only notable changes in assimilated Ovenbird diets were a modest 14.7% decrease in chewing herbivore contributions and a minor 7.0% increase in sucking herbivore contributions in forest patches with high barberry densities. Our results indicate that the effects of non-native plants on connections between higher trophic levels are context dependent, and comparisons with other studies suggest that community complexity and time since introduction are key contextual differences that affect the outcome of an invasion. Our results may reflect compensatory shifts in individual foraging effort by Ovenbirds, but, in combination with our previous research, provide little evidence that barberry affects Ovenbird condition and therefore downstream outcomes.
{"title":"Alteration of a temperate forest invertebrate community by invasive Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) has limited influence on the diet composition of territorial Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla)","authors":"Wales A. Carter, Chad L Seewagen","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0058","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive species are widely implicated in the decline of songbird populations, potentially via indirect effects such as the restructuring of ecological communities by non-native plants. We used stable isotope analysis to investigate whether ground-foraging, generalist insectivore Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla Linnaeus, 1766) shifted diets following invasion by a non-native shrub, Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC), in a temperate woodland system in New York, USA where barberry was previously linked to trophic downgrading in the leaf litter arthropod community. Assimilated Ovenbird diets were primarily composed of predatory invertebrates followed by sucking herbivores, chewing herbivores, and detritivores. The only notable changes in assimilated Ovenbird diets were a modest 14.7% decrease in chewing herbivore contributions and a minor 7.0% increase in sucking herbivore contributions in forest patches with high barberry densities. Our results indicate that the effects of non-native plants on connections between higher trophic levels are context dependent, and comparisons with other studies suggest that community complexity and time since introduction are key contextual differences that affect the outcome of an invasion. Our results may reflect compensatory shifts in individual foraging effort by Ovenbirds, but, in combination with our previous research, provide little evidence that barberry affects Ovenbird condition and therefore downstream outcomes.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46660267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mashooq Ali, Amina Zuberi, Muhammad Ahmad, Naima Younus
A 35-day feeding trial in a replicate of five was conducted to evaluate the impact of partial and total replacement of live feed (LF) with nanoparticulate prepared diet (ND) on early rearing of rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton, 1822). Larvae 3 days after hatching (DAH) were evenly distributed in 3 groups; T1 was reared exclusively on LF, T2 was on ND, and T3 was co-fed both LF and ND (1:1). All groups showed a feed-dependent increase in growth and the expression of genes involved in feed intake and growth with age DAH. The T3 group showed significantly higher WG, SGR, and expression of IGF-1 followed by the T2 group while the highest expression of ghrelin and GHS-R were observed in T3 followed by T1. Furthermore, leptin showed the highest expression in the T2 followed by the T1 group. The intestinal enzymes showed variable trends, with the highest activity of cellulase, amylase and protease in the T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. Moreover, in all groups, cellulase increased continuously with age DAH, while amylase and protease showed a positive correlation up to 30 DAH and then declined. The results of this study could be helpful in larval nutrition programming.
{"title":"Regulation of feed intake, intestinal enzymes activity and growth in response to live feed and prepared diet during early rearing of Labeo rohita","authors":"Mashooq Ali, Amina Zuberi, Muhammad Ahmad, Naima Younus","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"A 35-day feeding trial in a replicate of five was conducted to evaluate the impact of partial and total replacement of live feed (LF) with nanoparticulate prepared diet (ND) on early rearing of rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton, 1822). Larvae 3 days after hatching (DAH) were evenly distributed in 3 groups; T1 was reared exclusively on LF, T2 was on ND, and T3 was co-fed both LF and ND (1:1). All groups showed a feed-dependent increase in growth and the expression of genes involved in feed intake and growth with age DAH. The T3 group showed significantly higher WG, SGR, and expression of IGF-1 followed by the T2 group while the highest expression of ghrelin and GHS-R were observed in T3 followed by T1. Furthermore, leptin showed the highest expression in the T2 followed by the T1 group. The intestinal enzymes showed variable trends, with the highest activity of cellulase, amylase and protease in the T1, T2 and T3 groups, respectively. Moreover, in all groups, cellulase increased continuously with age DAH, while amylase and protease showed a positive correlation up to 30 DAH and then declined. The results of this study could be helpful in larval nutrition programming.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48560943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin I. Medina-Bello, Carmen Lorena Orozco-Lugo, J. Ayala-Berdon
Endotherm homeotherms deal with the energetic cost of maintaining a stable body temperature (Tb) in ecosystems differing in ambient temperature (Ta). In response, animals adjust some of their thermal energetics to meet the energy requirements of thermoregulation. Bats are small mammals with a geographical distribution that may include environments with different Ta. Therefore, these animals should adjust their thermal energetics depending on the environmental characteristics of the habitats where they live. Using open-flow respirometry, we measured basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermal conductance (C’), lower and upper critical temperatures (TLC and TUC), and breadth of the thermoneutral zone (TNZb) of the cave myotis (Myotis velifer (Allen, 1890)) living in a coniferous forest versus a tropical deciduous forest in central Mexico. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure thermal energetics at the intraspecific level in populations measured at the same time. Bats from the coniferous forest had lower BMR, C’, TLC, TUC, and a wider TNZb than bats from the tropical deciduous forest. The results we found here are likely the consequence of the differences between the energy demands imposed by Ta where the animals roost, and the Ta and prey availability of their foraging areas. These differences may help individuals regulate their heat production and dissipation to maintain low thermoregulatory costs in the places they inhabit.
{"title":"Differences in thermal energetics of the cave myotis (Myotis velifer) from a cool and a warm environment of central Mexico","authors":"Kevin I. Medina-Bello, Carmen Lorena Orozco-Lugo, J. Ayala-Berdon","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0190","url":null,"abstract":"Endotherm homeotherms deal with the energetic cost of maintaining a stable body temperature (Tb) in ecosystems differing in ambient temperature (Ta). In response, animals adjust some of their thermal energetics to meet the energy requirements of thermoregulation. Bats are small mammals with a geographical distribution that may include environments with different Ta. Therefore, these animals should adjust their thermal energetics depending on the environmental characteristics of the habitats where they live. Using open-flow respirometry, we measured basal metabolic rate (BMR), thermal conductance (C’), lower and upper critical temperatures (TLC and TUC), and breadth of the thermoneutral zone (TNZb) of the cave myotis (Myotis velifer (Allen, 1890)) living in a coniferous forest versus a tropical deciduous forest in central Mexico. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to measure thermal energetics at the intraspecific level in populations measured at the same time. Bats from the coniferous forest had lower BMR, C’, TLC, TUC, and a wider TNZb than bats from the tropical deciduous forest. The results we found here are likely the consequence of the differences between the energy demands imposed by Ta where the animals roost, and the Ta and prey availability of their foraging areas. These differences may help individuals regulate their heat production and dissipation to maintain low thermoregulatory costs in the places they inhabit.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41368841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767), is a social but non-colonial ascidian that is implicated in biofouling of aquatic structures and destruction of the shellfish industry through competition for planktonic nutrients and substrate settling habitats. The sequencing of the C. intestinalis genome has provided insight into the phylogenetic origins of this species, indicating that this lineage and its allies represent a sister taxon to the chordates. Although the practical use of this genomic information at controlling this invasive species is equivocal, a number of new studies on the neurological and neuroendocrine aspects of C. intestinalis have suggested new molecular targets that may be exploited for practical applications on the control of C. intestinalis to protect and enhance the shellfish industry from this invasive species. As a result, we have developed a novel behavioural assay for C. intestinalis, which can be employed to investigate novel agents that inhibit growth and development in this species.
{"title":"Neuroendocrinology of the vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis: consideration of the practical applications for the control of this invasive species","authors":"Sabine R. Lovejoy","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0213","url":null,"abstract":"The vase tunicate, Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767), is a social but non-colonial ascidian that is implicated in biofouling of aquatic structures and destruction of the shellfish industry through competition for planktonic nutrients and substrate settling habitats. The sequencing of the C. intestinalis genome has provided insight into the phylogenetic origins of this species, indicating that this lineage and its allies represent a sister taxon to the chordates. Although the practical use of this genomic information at controlling this invasive species is equivocal, a number of new studies on the neurological and neuroendocrine aspects of C. intestinalis have suggested new molecular targets that may be exploited for practical applications on the control of C. intestinalis to protect and enhance the shellfish industry from this invasive species. As a result, we have developed a novel behavioural assay for C. intestinalis, which can be employed to investigate novel agents that inhibit growth and development in this species.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45494773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Asaro, S. Pinoni, C. Lorin-Nebel, R. B. Ituarte
To understand the response of freshwater organisms to rising environmental salinity, it is essential to investigate their osmo-ionic regulatory physiology. Our laboratory experiment investigated the transfer of Palaemon argentinus Nobili, 1901 from 2 ‰ (control condition) to concentrated salinity (15, 25 ‰) for short (6 h), medium (48 h) and long-term (> 504 h) acclimation periods. We measured relevant parameters in the shrimp’s haemolymph, the time course of the response of branchial V-H+-ATPase (VHA), Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA), carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, and muscle water content. Upon prolonged acclimation to 15 ‰ (hyper-regulating condition), shrimp reached a new steady-state of haemolymph osmolality by tightly adjusting ion concentrations to levels higher than the external medium. While NKA and CA activities recovered their pretransfer levels, the downregulation of VHA suggests other functions rather than ion uptake after prolonged acclimation to 15 ‰. The activity of the three transport-related enzymes remained almost unchanged at the highest salinity (isosmotic condition), leading to increasing osmotic pressure and ion concentration after prolonged acclimation to 25 ‰. Although the freshwater shrimp studied here retains a certain degree of tolerance to high salinity, a common trait in palaemonid shrimps, our results highlight that 25 ‰ represents a significant hypertonic challenge for this species.
{"title":"Transport-related enzymes and osmo-ionic regulation in a euryhaline freshwater shrimp after transfer to saline media","authors":"A. Asaro, S. Pinoni, C. Lorin-Nebel, R. B. Ituarte","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0056","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the response of freshwater organisms to rising environmental salinity, it is essential to investigate their osmo-ionic regulatory physiology. Our laboratory experiment investigated the transfer of Palaemon argentinus Nobili, 1901 from 2 ‰ (control condition) to concentrated salinity (15, 25 ‰) for short (6 h), medium (48 h) and long-term (> 504 h) acclimation periods. We measured relevant parameters in the shrimp’s haemolymph, the time course of the response of branchial V-H+-ATPase (VHA), Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA), carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, and muscle water content. Upon prolonged acclimation to 15 ‰ (hyper-regulating condition), shrimp reached a new steady-state of haemolymph osmolality by tightly adjusting ion concentrations to levels higher than the external medium. While NKA and CA activities recovered their pretransfer levels, the downregulation of VHA suggests other functions rather than ion uptake after prolonged acclimation to 15 ‰. The activity of the three transport-related enzymes remained almost unchanged at the highest salinity (isosmotic condition), leading to increasing osmotic pressure and ion concentration after prolonged acclimation to 25 ‰. Although the freshwater shrimp studied here retains a certain degree of tolerance to high salinity, a common trait in palaemonid shrimps, our results highlight that 25 ‰ represents a significant hypertonic challenge for this species.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46906199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal preference and thermal performance are used to describe the thermal biology of an ectothermic organism through parameters, i.e., estimating locomotor performance by maximum running speed. In this study, we assessed the thermal preference and locomotor performance of the spider Mecicobothrium thorelli Holmberg, 1882, a wintry mygalomorph spider endemic to the native mountainous grasslands of central Argentina and Uruguay. The preferred temperatures of the 72.4% of the individuals were in the range of 10-20°C. The highest frequencies of preferred temperatures were 10-15 °C in males and 15-20°C in females. The sprint speed showed significant differences between all the temperatures evaluated and showed the highest speeds at 25 °C and the lowest at 3 °C. The optimal temperature was 26.09 °C which was significantly higher than the preferred temperature in both males and females. We concluded that M. thorelli selects a wide range of temperatures and prefers to stay in medium and low temperatures, which are correlated with winter activity in the wild. However, the species showed maximum speed at higher temperatures which implies that spiders would perform even better in nature and maximize their locomotion by being active during a warmer period.
{"title":"Differences between thermal preference and thermal performance in a wintry spider Mecicobothrium thorelli: Are the spiders under evolutionary pressures on their seasonal activity?","authors":"Justina Panchuk, Leonela Schwerdt, N. Ferretti","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal preference and thermal performance are used to describe the thermal biology of an ectothermic organism through parameters, i.e., estimating locomotor performance by maximum running speed. In this study, we assessed the thermal preference and locomotor performance of the spider Mecicobothrium thorelli Holmberg, 1882, a wintry mygalomorph spider endemic to the native mountainous grasslands of central Argentina and Uruguay. The preferred temperatures of the 72.4% of the individuals were in the range of 10-20°C. The highest frequencies of preferred temperatures were 10-15 °C in males and 15-20°C in females. The sprint speed showed significant differences between all the temperatures evaluated and showed the highest speeds at 25 °C and the lowest at 3 °C. The optimal temperature was 26.09 °C which was significantly higher than the preferred temperature in both males and females. We concluded that M. thorelli selects a wide range of temperatures and prefers to stay in medium and low temperatures, which are correlated with winter activity in the wild. However, the species showed maximum speed at higher temperatures which implies that spiders would perform even better in nature and maximize their locomotion by being active during a warmer period.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42455679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila Albanesi, M. González-Castro, A. L. López Mañanes
Integrative studies on intraspecific differences of digestive enzymes, energy reserves and morphological/somatic traits in juveniles and adults of estuarine-dependent marine fish while inhabiting inside a coastal lagoon are lacking. This study was carried on juveniles and adults of Mugil liza (Valenciennes, 1836) inhabiting inside Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon (Argentina). Both stages exhibited amylase, maltase, sucrase, lipase, trypsin and aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities in the intestine, which were active over a wide range of pH and temperature and exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Adults exhibited higher intestinal coefficient (31%), higher amylase (32%) and lower maltase (82%) and lipase activities (38%). Glycogen concentration in liver and muscle was similar while free glucose concentration was higher in adults (772% and 400% respectively). In adults retroperitoneal fat (absent in juveniles) constituted the main triglycerides storage site, while triglycerides concentration in liver and muscle was lower (86% and 80% respectively) than in juveniles. No differences were found in protein concentration in any storage organ. The results show that juveniles and adults exhibit a digestive and metabolic profile at the biochemical level and intraspecific differences in key components of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that could support preparation for reproductive migration of adults outside the coastal lagoon.
{"title":"Differential digestive and metabolic profile of juveniles and adults of the estuarine-dependent marine fish Mugil liza (Mugilidae) cohabiting inside a southwestern Atlantic coastal lagoon","authors":"Camila Albanesi, M. González-Castro, A. L. López Mañanes","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0111","url":null,"abstract":"Integrative studies on intraspecific differences of digestive enzymes, energy reserves and morphological/somatic traits in juveniles and adults of estuarine-dependent marine fish while inhabiting inside a coastal lagoon are lacking. This study was carried on juveniles and adults of Mugil liza (Valenciennes, 1836) inhabiting inside Mar Chiquita Coastal Lagoon (Argentina). Both stages exhibited amylase, maltase, sucrase, lipase, trypsin and aminopeptidase-N (APN) activities in the intestine, which were active over a wide range of pH and temperature and exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Adults exhibited higher intestinal coefficient (31%), higher amylase (32%) and lower maltase (82%) and lipase activities (38%). Glycogen concentration in liver and muscle was similar while free glucose concentration was higher in adults (772% and 400% respectively). In adults retroperitoneal fat (absent in juveniles) constituted the main triglycerides storage site, while triglycerides concentration in liver and muscle was lower (86% and 80% respectively) than in juveniles. No differences were found in protein concentration in any storage organ. The results show that juveniles and adults exhibit a digestive and metabolic profile at the biochemical level and intraspecific differences in key components of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that could support preparation for reproductive migration of adults outside the coastal lagoon.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48523962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Rivi, Anuradha Batabyal, C. Benatti, F. Tascedda, J. Blom, K. Lukowiak
Different populations of organisms occurring across varying thermal regimes show diversity in responses to heat stress. We use a “common garden experimental” approach designed to deal with phenotypic plasticity to study in Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) the behavioural and molecular responses to a heat shock in laboratory-inbred snails (W-strain) and freshly collected snails (Stony strain) from ponds. In the W-strain, which has been reared under standardized temperatures for generations, the exposure to 30 °C for 1 h (heat shock, HS) when experienced after a novel “taste” results in a taste-specific aversion known as the “Garcia effect”. This learned avoidance requires the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In contrast, freshly collected Stony strain, which experiences temperature fluctuations regularly, does not exhibit a Garcia effect. Here, we found that (1) Stony-strain snails have higher basal mRNA levels of HSPs than W-strain ones; (2) in the W-strain, the training procedure to cause the Garcia effect upregulates the mRNA levels of HSPs and key neuroplasticity-related genes such as CREB1 and GRIN1; (3) in Stony-strain snails, the same training procedure fails to alter the mRNA levels of those targets. These data suggest that Stony-strain snails do not perceive the HS as a stressor because of the higher HSP basal mRNA levels, which may confer a higher thermal tolerance.
在不同的热状态下出现的不同种群的生物对热应激的反应表现出多样性。我们使用一种旨在处理表型可塑性的“普通花园实验”方法，在Lymnaea stagnalis（Linnaeus，1758）中研究实验室近交系蜗牛（W品系）和从池塘中新鲜采集的蜗牛（Stony品系）对热休克的行为和分子反应。在世代在标准温度下饲养的W菌株中，暴露于30 °C 1 h（热休克，HS），当经历一种新颖的“味道”后，会产生一种被称为“加西亚效应”的味觉特异性厌恶。这种习得的回避需要上调热休克蛋白（HSPs）。相比之下，新收集的Stony菌株定期经历温度波动，并没有表现出加西亚效应。研究发现：（1）石蜗牛HSPs的基础mRNA水平高于W蜗牛；（2） 在W菌株中，引起加西亚效应的训练程序上调HSPs和关键的神经可塑性相关基因如CREB1和GRIN1的mRNA水平；（3） 在石蜗牛中，同样的训练程序无法改变这些靶标的mRNA水平。这些数据表明，石蜗牛并不认为HS是一种压力源，因为HSP基础mRNA水平较高，这可能会赋予更高的耐热性。
{"title":"Comparison of behavioural and transcriptional responses to a heat stressor between freshly collected and an inbred strain of Lymnaea","authors":"V. Rivi, Anuradha Batabyal, C. Benatti, F. Tascedda, J. Blom, K. Lukowiak","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0088","url":null,"abstract":"Different populations of organisms occurring across varying thermal regimes show diversity in responses to heat stress. We use a “common garden experimental” approach designed to deal with phenotypic plasticity to study in Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) the behavioural and molecular responses to a heat shock in laboratory-inbred snails (W-strain) and freshly collected snails (Stony strain) from ponds. In the W-strain, which has been reared under standardized temperatures for generations, the exposure to 30 °C for 1 h (heat shock, HS) when experienced after a novel “taste” results in a taste-specific aversion known as the “Garcia effect”. This learned avoidance requires the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs). In contrast, freshly collected Stony strain, which experiences temperature fluctuations regularly, does not exhibit a Garcia effect. Here, we found that (1) Stony-strain snails have higher basal mRNA levels of HSPs than W-strain ones; (2) in the W-strain, the training procedure to cause the Garcia effect upregulates the mRNA levels of HSPs and key neuroplasticity-related genes such as CREB1 and GRIN1; (3) in Stony-strain snails, the same training procedure fails to alter the mRNA levels of those targets. These data suggest that Stony-strain snails do not perceive the HS as a stressor because of the higher HSP basal mRNA levels, which may confer a higher thermal tolerance.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49320266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Deslauriers, Gwangseok R. Yoon, Kari J. McClellan, C. Klassen, W. G. Anderson
Physiological and behavioral traits of aquatic organisms are often highly dependent on environmental conditions, but genetic (family) effects often contribute to phenotypic variation. In this study, a series of physiological indices were used to assess the variability that exists amongst progeny of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) produced from eight different families. We designed a controlled experiment aimed to evaluate metabolic performance of age-0 lake sturgeon where growth, energy density, survival, metabolic rate, volitional swimming performance, and critical thermal maxima were quantified for fish reared under the same environmental conditions. We found a strong family effect for most metrics that were quantified, and primarily influenced by the female. Furthermore, poor growth and survival within families were strongly correlated to low energy density levels and depressed routine metabolic rates at the yolk-sac stage. Lastly, the quantification of energy density at the onset of exogenous feeding appeared to be an excellent predictor of future growth and survival. Our results suggest that the choice of female for production of progeny in conservation hatcheries will have significant impacts on the success of stock enhancement as a conservation strategy for lake sturgeon.
{"title":"Assessment of family-derived metabolic traits for the conservation of an ancient fish","authors":"D. Deslauriers, Gwangseok R. Yoon, Kari J. McClellan, C. Klassen, W. G. Anderson","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"Physiological and behavioral traits of aquatic organisms are often highly dependent on environmental conditions, but genetic (family) effects often contribute to phenotypic variation. In this study, a series of physiological indices were used to assess the variability that exists amongst progeny of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens Rafinesque, 1817) produced from eight different families. We designed a controlled experiment aimed to evaluate metabolic performance of age-0 lake sturgeon where growth, energy density, survival, metabolic rate, volitional swimming performance, and critical thermal maxima were quantified for fish reared under the same environmental conditions. We found a strong family effect for most metrics that were quantified, and primarily influenced by the female. Furthermore, poor growth and survival within families were strongly correlated to low energy density levels and depressed routine metabolic rates at the yolk-sac stage. Lastly, the quantification of energy density at the onset of exogenous feeding appeared to be an excellent predictor of future growth and survival. Our results suggest that the choice of female for production of progeny in conservation hatcheries will have significant impacts on the success of stock enhancement as a conservation strategy for lake sturgeon.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48709327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christophe Jourdain-Bonneau, D. Deslauriers, Clémence Gourtay, K. Jeffries, C. Audet
Many salmonid species are particularly susceptible to chronic and acute temperature changes caused by global warming. We aimed to study the differences in metabolic and transcriptomic responses of a chronic heat stress on a control and selected (absence of early sexual maturation and growth) line of brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814). We exposed individuals to different temperatures for 35 days (15, 17 and 19 °C). High temperature reduced the growth rate (in length) and the Fulton condition factor. Both maximal metabolic rate and the aerobic scope were higher in fish reared at 17 °C, while they decreased in fish maintained at 19 °C. The relative gene expression of cytochrome c oxidase was lower at 19 °C than at 15 °C. The relative gene expressions of both liver and gill hsp90 was higher at the highest temperature. The standard metabolic rate, while not affected by temperature, was higher for the control line over the selected line. Only in the control line, the relative expression of catalase and of receptor of insulin-like growth factor-1 increased at 19 °C. Our results showed that the selected line was able to cope more effectively with the oxidative stress caused by the rise in temperature.
{"title":"Metabolic and transcriptomic response of two juvenile anadromous brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) genetic lines towards a chronic thermal stress","authors":"Christophe Jourdain-Bonneau, D. Deslauriers, Clémence Gourtay, K. Jeffries, C. Audet","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Many salmonid species are particularly susceptible to chronic and acute temperature changes caused by global warming. We aimed to study the differences in metabolic and transcriptomic responses of a chronic heat stress on a control and selected (absence of early sexual maturation and growth) line of brook charr Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill, 1814). We exposed individuals to different temperatures for 35 days (15, 17 and 19 °C). High temperature reduced the growth rate (in length) and the Fulton condition factor. Both maximal metabolic rate and the aerobic scope were higher in fish reared at 17 °C, while they decreased in fish maintained at 19 °C. The relative gene expression of cytochrome c oxidase was lower at 19 °C than at 15 °C. The relative gene expressions of both liver and gill hsp90 was higher at the highest temperature. The standard metabolic rate, while not affected by temperature, was higher for the control line over the selected line. Only in the control line, the relative expression of catalase and of receptor of insulin-like growth factor-1 increased at 19 °C. Our results showed that the selected line was able to cope more effectively with the oxidative stress caused by the rise in temperature.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46967299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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