Dr. M. Brock Fenton has been intrigued by the diversity of bats throughout his long career, and has combined his research and photography skills to capture the extensive morphological diversity found across the Order Chiroptera. In this paper, we honour Brock’s fascination with diversity by conducting a review of the external and internal characteristics of the bat nose, a morphological feature that Brock’s photographs have beautifully captured in many bat species. Specifically, we explore variation in form and function of the bat rostrum and its role in respiration, echolocation, and olfaction in bats, with an emphasis on the noseleaves of nasal-emitting echolocators, as well as how turbinate morphology may be impacted by nasophonation. While our review is not an extensive dive into all that is known about bat noses, our goal is to highlight the diversity we see in form across the Order Chiroptera, while exploring how function has been shaped by selection, particularly in relation to mode of echolocation signal emission.
M. Brock Fenton博士在他漫长的职业生涯中一直对蝙蝠的多样性很感兴趣，并将他的研究和摄影技巧结合起来，捕捉到了在翼目中发现的广泛的形态多样性。在本文中，我们通过对蝙蝠鼻子的外部和内部特征进行回顾来纪念Brock对多样性的迷恋，Brock的照片漂亮地捕捉到了许多蝙蝠物种的形态特征。具体来说，我们探讨了蝙蝠喙部的形式和功能的变化及其在蝙蝠呼吸、回声定位和嗅觉中的作用，重点研究了鼻腔发射回声定位器的鼻叶，以及鼻甲形态如何受到鼻腔发声的影响。虽然我们的回顾并不是对所有已知的蝙蝠鼻子进行广泛的深入研究，但我们的目标是强调我们在翼目中看到的形式多样性，同时探索功能是如何通过选择形成的，特别是与回声定位信号发射模式有关。
{"title":"The Nose Knows: A Review of the Diversity, Form, and Function of the External and Internal Features of the Bat Nose","authors":"Yvonne A. Dzal, E. Gillam","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0195","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. M. Brock Fenton has been intrigued by the diversity of bats throughout his long career, and has combined his research and photography skills to capture the extensive morphological diversity found across the Order Chiroptera. In this paper, we honour Brock’s fascination with diversity by conducting a review of the external and internal characteristics of the bat nose, a morphological feature that Brock’s photographs have beautifully captured in many bat species. Specifically, we explore variation in form and function of the bat rostrum and its role in respiration, echolocation, and olfaction in bats, with an emphasis on the noseleaves of nasal-emitting echolocators, as well as how turbinate morphology may be impacted by nasophonation. While our review is not an extensive dive into all that is known about bat noses, our goal is to highlight the diversity we see in form across the Order Chiroptera, while exploring how function has been shaped by selection, particularly in relation to mode of echolocation signal emission.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41664293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Euepalpus Townsend, 1908 is a small Neotropical genus of bristle flies (Diptera: Tachinidae: Tachinini), which includes two valid species whose taxonomy is unclear, mainly because males and females are sexually dimorphic. Males exhibit a pair of sexual patches on the dorsal surface of abdominal tergite 5, an unusual feature in Tachinidae. Here, the genus is revised, including a key to species and detailed descriptions and illustrations of the type material and males and females of each species. The male and female terminalia of Euepalpus species are described for the first time. Finally, I discuss the occurrence and distribution of sexual patches in Tachinini.
{"title":"Taxonomic revision of the sexually dimorphic flies of the Neotropical genus Euepalpus Townsend, 1908 (Diptera: Tachinidae), with notes on sexual patches in Tachinini","authors":"F. M. Gudin","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0048","url":null,"abstract":"Euepalpus Townsend, 1908 is a small Neotropical genus of bristle flies (Diptera: Tachinidae: Tachinini), which includes two valid species whose taxonomy is unclear, mainly because males and females are sexually dimorphic. Males exhibit a pair of sexual patches on the dorsal surface of abdominal tergite 5, an unusual feature in Tachinidae. Here, the genus is revised, including a key to species and detailed descriptions and illustrations of the type material and males and females of each species. The male and female terminalia of Euepalpus species are described for the first time. Finally, I discuss the occurrence and distribution of sexual patches in Tachinini.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42234993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Stell, S. Brewer, Lindsay Horne, R. Wright, D. DeVries
Freshwater ecosystems are undergoing rapid thermal shifts, making it increasingly important to understand species-specific responses to these changes. Traditional techniques for determining a species’ thermal tolerance are often lethal and time consuming. Using the enzyme activity associated with the electron transport system (ETS; hereafter referred to as enzyme assay) may provide a non-lethal, rapid, and efficient alternative to traditional techniques for some species. We used largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides Lacepede, 1802 to test the efficacy of using an enzyme assay to determine thermal tolerance and respiratory exploitation in response to variable acclimation temperatures. Three tissue types were dissected from fish acclimated to 20, 25, or 30°C and used in ETS assays at temperatures ranging from 7.5-40°C. While there were significant differences among tissue types and acclimation temperatures, maximal enzyme activity occurred from 25.23-31.91°C. Fish lost equilibrium at 39-42°C in traditional CTmax trials, significantly higher than the upper optimum range determined via enzyme assays. The ratio of enzyme activity to measured whole organism respiration rate decreased with increasing water temperature, with the largest changes occurring at the upper optimum thermal range determined by enzyme assays. Our results indicate ETS analysis may prove useful for obtaining biologically relevant thermal tolerances.
{"title":"Using the electron transport system as an indicator of organismal thermal tolerance and respiratory exploitation.","authors":"E. Stell, S. Brewer, Lindsay Horne, R. Wright, D. DeVries","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater ecosystems are undergoing rapid thermal shifts, making it increasingly important to understand species-specific responses to these changes. Traditional techniques for determining a species’ thermal tolerance are often lethal and time consuming. Using the enzyme activity associated with the electron transport system (ETS; hereafter referred to as enzyme assay) may provide a non-lethal, rapid, and efficient alternative to traditional techniques for some species. We used largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides Lacepede, 1802 to test the efficacy of using an enzyme assay to determine thermal tolerance and respiratory exploitation in response to variable acclimation temperatures. Three tissue types were dissected from fish acclimated to 20, 25, or 30°C and used in ETS assays at temperatures ranging from 7.5-40°C. While there were significant differences among tissue types and acclimation temperatures, maximal enzyme activity occurred from 25.23-31.91°C. Fish lost equilibrium at 39-42°C in traditional CTmax trials, significantly higher than the upper optimum range determined via enzyme assays. The ratio of enzyme activity to measured whole organism respiration rate decreased with increasing water temperature, with the largest changes occurring at the upper optimum thermal range determined by enzyme assays. Our results indicate ETS analysis may prove useful for obtaining biologically relevant thermal tolerances.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48695483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanna Kate Jewell, C.A. Noguera, Clara E. Hael, Julián Torres‐Dowdall, G. Aguilera
For fishes in temperate environments, the timing of seasonal reproduction has been correlated with changes in photoperiod and temperature. In tropical environments, seasonal hydrological patterns have been found to be drivers of the onset of reproduction. Despite these established relationships, data on reproductive seasonality for viviparous fish is limited. Here, we investigate aspects of reproduction in the viviparous fish Jenynsia tucumana (Aguilera and Mirande, 2005) over the course of twelve months in the Salí River basin (Tucumán, Argentina), which is characterized by dry, short winters, and long, tropical summers. Size and reproductive data were collected each month. We found J. tucumana displayed marked sexual dimorphism in size, with females having higher length and weight when compared to males. Larger females have higher fecundities compared to smaller females. The breeding season corresponds with seasonal changes in photoperiod, air temperature, and rainfall, but ends with the arrival of heavy rainfall later in the season. Interestingly, J. tucumana produce and mature oocytes year-round, unlike congeneric species. This may be an adaptive strategy imposed by the irregular flooding of subtropical mountainous river stream habitats, which maintain high productivity well into early autumn.
{"title":"Association of reproduction with seasonality in a subtropical viviparous fish, Jenynsia tucumana (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae)","authors":"Hanna Kate Jewell, C.A. Noguera, Clara E. Hael, Julián Torres‐Dowdall, G. Aguilera","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0096","url":null,"abstract":"For fishes in temperate environments, the timing of seasonal reproduction has been correlated with changes in photoperiod and temperature. In tropical environments, seasonal hydrological patterns have been found to be drivers of the onset of reproduction. Despite these established relationships, data on reproductive seasonality for viviparous fish is limited. Here, we investigate aspects of reproduction in the viviparous fish Jenynsia tucumana (Aguilera and Mirande, 2005) over the course of twelve months in the Salí River basin (Tucumán, Argentina), which is characterized by dry, short winters, and long, tropical summers. Size and reproductive data were collected each month. We found J. tucumana displayed marked sexual dimorphism in size, with females having higher length and weight when compared to males. Larger females have higher fecundities compared to smaller females. The breeding season corresponds with seasonal changes in photoperiod, air temperature, and rainfall, but ends with the arrival of heavy rainfall later in the season. Interestingly, J. tucumana produce and mature oocytes year-round, unlike congeneric species. This may be an adaptive strategy imposed by the irregular flooding of subtropical mountainous river stream habitats, which maintain high productivity well into early autumn.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wind energy presents many advantages, but windfarms pose risks to wildlife and habitats. We hypothesized that habitat changes caused by the impacts of windfarm construction and wildfire would alter the spatial ecology of Spotted Turtles (Clemmys guttata (Schneider 1792)). In a space-for-time study design, we outfitted 28 turtles with radio transmitters in 3 treatments (Control n=10, Windfarm n=9, Windburn (windfarm and wildfire; n=9)) and located turtles every 3–5 days throughout the active season. We did not detect any significant differences in turtle body condition, home range size, minimum daily distance moved, or microhabitat selection among treatments. Macrohabitat selection differed slightly among treatments; only Windburn turtles used wet depressions on rock barrens, which may indicate that turtles exploited early successional habitats created by wildfire. Turtles did not avoid habitats near windfarm infrastructure yet did not cross service roads unless a culvert was present, highlighting the need to maintain habitat connectivity in modified landscapes. Our findings suggest that Spotted Turtles that survived the acute impacts of the wildfire and windfarm construction were able to navigate the recovering landscape, but a Before–After–Control–Impact study is required to understand the acute and long–term impacts of windfarms and wildfires on turtles.
{"title":"Windfarm and Wildfire: Spatial ecology of an endangered freshwater turtle in a recovering landscape","authors":"Stéphanie J Delay, Ori Urquhart, J. Litzgus","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0100","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy presents many advantages, but windfarms pose risks to wildlife and habitats. We hypothesized that habitat changes caused by the impacts of windfarm construction and wildfire would alter the spatial ecology of Spotted Turtles (Clemmys guttata (Schneider 1792)). In a space-for-time study design, we outfitted 28 turtles with radio transmitters in 3 treatments (Control n=10, Windfarm n=9, Windburn (windfarm and wildfire; n=9)) and located turtles every 3–5 days throughout the active season. We did not detect any significant differences in turtle body condition, home range size, minimum daily distance moved, or microhabitat selection among treatments. Macrohabitat selection differed slightly among treatments; only Windburn turtles used wet depressions on rock barrens, which may indicate that turtles exploited early successional habitats created by wildfire. Turtles did not avoid habitats near windfarm infrastructure yet did not cross service roads unless a culvert was present, highlighting the need to maintain habitat connectivity in modified landscapes. Our findings suggest that Spotted Turtles that survived the acute impacts of the wildfire and windfarm construction were able to navigate the recovering landscape, but a Before–After–Control–Impact study is required to understand the acute and long–term impacts of windfarms and wildfires on turtles.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Philip O'Brien, Jeff Bowman, Sasha Newar, Colin J. Garroway
Secondary contact of closely related species may lead to hybridization if reproductive isolation is incomplete. We examined the role of habitat use as a factor contributing to reproductive isolation of northern ( Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) and southern ( Glaucomys volans (Linnaeus, 1758)) flying squirrels in an area of secondary contact in Ontario, Canada. Specifically, we looked at summer microhabitat use within sites of sympatry and allopatry to test for evidence of reinforcement due to diverging habitat use. We also examined differences in broad-scale habitat features at woodlots to determine predictors of species occurrence across sites. We used 18 years (2002–2019) of flying squirrel summer capture data from six sites along a north–south transect and microhabitat data from vegetation surveys conducted during summer 2016. We found microhabitat variables to be weak predictors of trap-level flying squirrel presence, and we found no evidence of divergence in microhabitat use over the 18 years. Further, we found latitude, not broad-scale habitat, was the strongest predictor of site-level flying squirrel occurrence. Overall, our findings suggest that microhabitat-based isolation is not being reinforced between flying squirrels; however, hybridization may be limited to areas where climate and habitat are suitable for both species.
{"title":"Microhabitat use of northern and southern flying squirrels in a recent hybrid zone","authors":"Paul Philip O'Brien, Jeff Bowman, Sasha Newar, Colin J. Garroway","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0106","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary contact of closely related species may lead to hybridization if reproductive isolation is incomplete. We examined the role of habitat use as a factor contributing to reproductive isolation of northern ( Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) and southern ( Glaucomys volans (Linnaeus, 1758)) flying squirrels in an area of secondary contact in Ontario, Canada. Specifically, we looked at summer microhabitat use within sites of sympatry and allopatry to test for evidence of reinforcement due to diverging habitat use. We also examined differences in broad-scale habitat features at woodlots to determine predictors of species occurrence across sites. We used 18 years (2002–2019) of flying squirrel summer capture data from six sites along a north–south transect and microhabitat data from vegetation surveys conducted during summer 2016. We found microhabitat variables to be weak predictors of trap-level flying squirrel presence, and we found no evidence of divergence in microhabitat use over the 18 years. Further, we found latitude, not broad-scale habitat, was the strongest predictor of site-level flying squirrel occurrence. Overall, our findings suggest that microhabitat-based isolation is not being reinforced between flying squirrels; however, hybridization may be limited to areas where climate and habitat are suitable for both species.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136391276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In variable environments, repeatable phenotypic differences between individuals provides the variation required for natural selection. The Pace Of Life Syndrome (POLS) provides a conceptual framework linking individual physiology and life histories to behaviour, where rapidly-growing individuals demonstrate higher rates of resting or ‘standard’ metabolic rate (SMR). If differences in SMR are consistent between fast and slow growing individuals, these differences may be important to capture in bioenergetic relationships used to describe their growth, energy acquisition and allocation. We compared growth rates and SMR between a domesticated and wild strain of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) using intermittent flow respirometry. Though mass scaling exponents were similar between strains, mass scaling coefficients of SMR for fast-growing Rainbow Trout were 1.25 times higher than for slower-growing fish. These observed differences in mass scaling coefficients between fast and slow growing Rainbow Trout were consistent with data extracted from several other studies. Bioenergetic estimates of consumption for domestic strain fish increased as the difference in SMR and wild strain fish increased, and increased as activity level increased. Our results indicate patterns of SMR consistent with POLS, and suggest that strain-specific SMR equations may be important for applications to active populations (i.e. field observations).
{"title":"Standard metabolic rate differs between Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) growth forms","authors":"Brandon Greenaway, Cody Veneruzzo, M. Rennie","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0043","url":null,"abstract":"In variable environments, repeatable phenotypic differences between individuals provides the variation required for natural selection. The Pace Of Life Syndrome (POLS) provides a conceptual framework linking individual physiology and life histories to behaviour, where rapidly-growing individuals demonstrate higher rates of resting or ‘standard’ metabolic rate (SMR). If differences in SMR are consistent between fast and slow growing individuals, these differences may be important to capture in bioenergetic relationships used to describe their growth, energy acquisition and allocation. We compared growth rates and SMR between a domesticated and wild strain of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum 1792) using intermittent flow respirometry. Though mass scaling exponents were similar between strains, mass scaling coefficients of SMR for fast-growing Rainbow Trout were 1.25 times higher than for slower-growing fish. These observed differences in mass scaling coefficients between fast and slow growing Rainbow Trout were consistent with data extracted from several other studies. Bioenergetic estimates of consumption for domestic strain fish increased as the difference in SMR and wild strain fish increased, and increased as activity level increased. Our results indicate patterns of SMR consistent with POLS, and suggest that strain-specific SMR equations may be important for applications to active populations (i.e. field observations).","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49026674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Sokolova, K. Shklyar, Ivan A. Fufachev, Violetta Filippova, A. Sokolov
Given the scale, speed and complexity of recent changes in the Arctic, our understanding of their multiple implications for Arctic biota is still limited. We detail for the first time in the vast Russian Arctic the long-distance movement of an arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus Linnaeus, 1758) tracked with a GPS/Iridium collar providing considerably high precision (several meters) and frequency of locations (every 4 hours). Revealed diurnal activity patterns of the arctic fox indicate that it ran greater distances in night hours and shortest in day hours during the most intense movement period. The movement records suggested several attempts to leave the land, as it seemed to encounter open water four times on different parts of Yamal peninsula. The arctic fox crossed the Ob Bay towards the Gydan peninsula and satellite imagery of discontinuous ice during crossing suggested that it might have stayed on pieces of floating ice. Our observation may support evidence that a reduction in the duration and extent of sea ice could affect the ability of arctic foxes to cover long distances and thus, in the long-term, the connectivity between populations. Similar studies are needed aiming to understand movement ecology of the arctic foxes in the changing Arctic.
{"title":"Running overnight and struggling to find sea ice: long-distance movement by an arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) from Russia","authors":"N. Sokolova, K. Shklyar, Ivan A. Fufachev, Violetta Filippova, A. Sokolov","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2022-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0141","url":null,"abstract":"Given the scale, speed and complexity of recent changes in the Arctic, our understanding of their multiple implications for Arctic biota is still limited. We detail for the first time in the vast Russian Arctic the long-distance movement of an arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus Linnaeus, 1758) tracked with a GPS/Iridium collar providing considerably high precision (several meters) and frequency of locations (every 4 hours). Revealed diurnal activity patterns of the arctic fox indicate that it ran greater distances in night hours and shortest in day hours during the most intense movement period. The movement records suggested several attempts to leave the land, as it seemed to encounter open water four times on different parts of Yamal peninsula. The arctic fox crossed the Ob Bay towards the Gydan peninsula and satellite imagery of discontinuous ice during crossing suggested that it might have stayed on pieces of floating ice. Our observation may support evidence that a reduction in the duration and extent of sea ice could affect the ability of arctic foxes to cover long distances and thus, in the long-term, the connectivity between populations. Similar studies are needed aiming to understand movement ecology of the arctic foxes in the changing Arctic.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42503992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Korshunova, K. Fletcher, T. Bakken, A. Martynov
We demonstrate the application of the multilevel organismal diversity approach using the example of the nudibranch trinchesiid genus Diaphoreolis. For the first time, fine-scale morphological, genetic, and phylogeographic data are presented for all known species of the genus Diaphoreolis. One of the significant results of the present study and analysis is that the species D. stipata (Alder and Hancock, 1843) comb. nov., originally described from the North Atlantic and reinstated here, is revealed to be a sister species to the new NW Pacific species Diaphoreolis zvezda sp. nov. described from the Kuril Islands. Hidden diversity within the traditional taxon D. “ viridis” is revealed both in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. A new subspecies, D. viridis emeraldi subsp. nov., is established for the Canadian and USA NE Pacific forms, and both morphological and molecular data are presented for the separate NW Pacific species D. midori. The present study combines practical results from a particular taxonomic group (nudibranchs) with generally important considerations for the expanding practice of uniting fine-scale morphological and molecular data.
{"title":"The first consolidation of morphological, molecular, and phylogeographic data for the finely differentiated genus Diaphoreolis (Nudibranchia: Trinchesiidae)","authors":"T. Korshunova, K. Fletcher, T. Bakken, A. Martynov","doi":"10.1139/cjz-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the application of the multilevel organismal diversity approach using the example of the nudibranch trinchesiid genus Diaphoreolis. For the first time, fine-scale morphological, genetic, and phylogeographic data are presented for all known species of the genus Diaphoreolis. One of the significant results of the present study and analysis is that the species D. stipata (Alder and Hancock, 1843) comb. nov., originally described from the North Atlantic and reinstated here, is revealed to be a sister species to the new NW Pacific species Diaphoreolis zvezda sp. nov. described from the Kuril Islands. Hidden diversity within the traditional taxon D. “ viridis” is revealed both in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. A new subspecies, D. viridis emeraldi subsp. nov., is established for the Canadian and USA NE Pacific forms, and both morphological and molecular data are presented for the separate NW Pacific species D. midori. The present study combines practical results from a particular taxonomic group (nudibranchs) with generally important considerations for the expanding practice of uniting fine-scale morphological and molecular data.","PeriodicalId":9484,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45268960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen G. Van Drunen, J. Linton, J. Bogart, D. Norris
Understanding the environmental drivers of species’ dispersal and migration patterns is needed to accurately predict climate change impacts on populations. For pond-breeding amphibians, adult movements associated with the breeding period are well studied but major gaps exist in our knowledge of the drivers of adult and juvenile non-breeding movements. Here, we assess environmental drivers of adult and juvenile Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw, 1802), Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Green, 1827) and their unisexual dependants (Ambystoma laterale – jeffersonianum (Uzzell, 1964)) summer and fall non-breeding movements using data from pitfall trapping and radio telemetry tracking. We used generalized linear models to assess the influence of precipitation, minimum temperature, day-of-year, and days since last precipitation on salamander movements. Juvenile summer dispersal movements were related to days since last precipitation in Jefferson Salamander complex individuals and 24-hr precipitation in Spotted Salamanders. Adult and juvenile fall movements were driven by minimum temperature, 24-hr precipitation, and days since last precipitation, and the effect of these environmental factors varied slightly between species and between Jefferson bisexual and unisexuals. Our work indicates changes in both temperature and precipitation will likely impact non-breeding dispersal and migration in these species and, overall, improves our understanding of ecological patterns throughout their entire life cycle.
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