Mohammedamin Nasir Isa, Wendimagegn Mammo, Estifanos Ele Yaya
ABSTRACT. In this study, the attempts were made to isolate secondary metabolites from the solvent extract of the dried leaves of Premna schimperi (P. schimperi). Thus, six compounds, namely, ent-8b,12-epidioxy-12b-hydroxylabda-9(11),13-dien-15-oic acid-g-lactone (1), 3,5,5'-trihydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (2) and 3,5,7,5'-tetrahydroxy-6,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone (3), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (4), luteolin (5) and 1-nonacosanol (6) were isolated and characterized by NMR, UV-Vis, MS and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. All the compounds; except luteolin (5) were reported for the first time from the leaves of P. schimperi. In addition, the GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of the plant leaves revealed 47 compounds, of which a-curcumene (16.38%), caryophyllene (10.73%), eugenol (6.85%), b-sesquiphellandrene (4.65%), g-gurjunene (4.55%), terpinen-4-ol (2.9%), g-eudesmol (4.43%), linalool (2.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.67%) were the major compounds. Furthermore, assessment of the antioxidant activities of the MeOH extract and compound 1 using the DPPH assay revealed 95.3% and 62.2% DPPH inhibition, respectively, at concentration of 100 μg/mL.
KEY WORDS: P. schimperi, GC-MS, DPPH radical scavenging assay, Antioxidant activity, Acetylation
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1471-1486.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.14
{"title":"Phytochemical studies of Premna schimperi, and antioxidant activities of the extract and an isolated compound","authors":"Mohammedamin Nasir Isa, Wendimagegn Mammo, Estifanos Ele Yaya","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i6.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.14","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. In this study, the attempts were made to isolate secondary metabolites from the solvent extract of the dried leaves of Premna schimperi (P. schimperi). Thus, six compounds, namely, ent-8b,12-epidioxy-12b-hydroxylabda-9(11),13-dien-15-oic acid-g-lactone (1), 3,5,5'-trihydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (2) and 3,5,7,5'-tetrahydroxy-6,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone (3), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (4), luteolin (5) and 1-nonacosanol (6) were isolated and characterized by NMR, UV-Vis, MS and FTIR spectroscopic techniques. All the compounds; except luteolin (5) were reported for the first time from the leaves of P. schimperi. In addition, the GC-MS analysis of the essential oil of the plant leaves revealed 47 compounds, of which a-curcumene (16.38%), caryophyllene (10.73%), eugenol (6.85%), b-sesquiphellandrene (4.65%), g-gurjunene (4.55%), terpinen-4-ol (2.9%), g-eudesmol (4.43%), linalool (2.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (2.67%) were the major compounds. Furthermore, assessment of the antioxidant activities of the MeOH extract and compound 1 using the DPPH assay revealed 95.3% and 62.2% DPPH inhibition, respectively, at concentration of 100 μg/mL.
 KEY WORDS: P. schimperi, GC-MS, DPPH radical scavenging assay, Antioxidant activity, Acetylation
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1471-1486.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.14
","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135865186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Esraa Rasool Radhi, Fatema Jabbar Ali, Khdeeja Jabbar Ali
ABSTRACT. An azo quinoline ligand, (E)-2-((4-iodophenyl)diazenyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline (IPDHQ), was synthesized by the coupling reaction of 4-iodoaniline diazonium salt with 8-hydroxyquinoline. The synthesized ligand and its Cd(II), Pd(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) complexes were spectrally characterized by UV‒Vis spectrophotometry, FT-IR, mass spectral analysis, 1H-NMR, magnetic sensitivity and molar conductivity. The general formula of the Cd(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) complexes is [M(L)2].Cl2.H2O with octahedral geometry, while the general formula of the Pd(II) complex is [M(L).Cl2].H2O with square planer geometry. A simple and rapid spectrophotometric procedure was suggested for the determination of Hg(II) using the synthesized ligand as a spectrophotometric reagent. By measuring the absorbance for the resulting orange complex at 430 nm, the linearity range was 0.5-15 µg mL-1, and the interfering effect was also studied. The synthesized azo ligand and its Hg(Ⅱ) complex were tested for their biological activity against four bacterial strains.
KEY WORDS: Azo quinoline ligand, 8-Hydroxy quinoline, 4-Iodoaniline, Azo metal complexes, Spectrophotometric determination, Biological efficacy study
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1459-1470. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.13
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of a new azo quinoline ligand and its metal complexes with spectrophotometric determination and biological efficacy study of its Hg(II) complex","authors":"Esraa Rasool Radhi, Fatema Jabbar Ali, Khdeeja Jabbar Ali","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i6.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.10","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. An azo quinoline ligand, (E)-2-((4-iodophenyl)diazenyl)-8-hydroxyquinoline (IPDHQ), was synthesized by the coupling reaction of 4-iodoaniline diazonium salt with 8-hydroxyquinoline. The synthesized ligand and its Cd(II), Pd(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) complexes were spectrally characterized by UV‒Vis spectrophotometry, FT-IR, mass spectral analysis, 1H-NMR, magnetic sensitivity and molar conductivity. The general formula of the Cd(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) complexes is [M(L)2].Cl2.H2O with octahedral geometry, while the general formula of the Pd(II) complex is [M(L).Cl2].H2O with square planer geometry. A simple and rapid spectrophotometric procedure was suggested for the determination of Hg(II) using the synthesized ligand as a spectrophotometric reagent. By measuring the absorbance for the resulting orange complex at 430 nm, the linearity range was 0.5-15 µg mL-1, and the interfering effect was also studied. The synthesized azo ligand and its Hg(Ⅱ) complex were tested for their biological activity against four bacterial strains.
 KEY WORDS: Azo quinoline ligand, 8-Hydroxy quinoline, 4-Iodoaniline, Azo metal complexes, Spectrophotometric determination, Biological efficacy study
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1459-1470. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.13","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chigozie J. O. Anarado, Ebuka H. Onyilogwu, Collins U. Ibeji, Charity E. Anarado
ABSTRACT. 4-Tert-butylbenzohydrazone ligand was synthesised by reacting 4-tert-butylbenzohydrazide with dehydroacetic acid. Afterward, the Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) complexes of 4-tert-butylbenzohydrazone were synthesised. All the synthesised compounds were characterised using elemental analysis, ESI-MS, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. ESI-MS studies revealed ligand to metal stoichiometry of 1:1 for the Cu(II) complex, 2:1 for the Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) complexes. IR studies showed that the ligand was coordinated to the metal ions through ONO donor atoms. The 1H NMR revealed that deprotonation did not occur in the ligand. Thus, the hydroxyl oxygen and the secondary amine nitrogen did not participate in the coordination. The proposed structures of the compounds conform with the analytical results.
KEY WORDS: 4-Tert-butylbenzohydrazone, Metal complexes, Structure, Elucidation
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1411-1422. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.9
{"title":"Synthesis, characterisation and structural elucidation of novel 4-tert-butylbenzohydrazone and its Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(II) complexes","authors":"Chigozie J. O. Anarado, Ebuka H. Onyilogwu, Collins U. Ibeji, Charity E. Anarado","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i6.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.9","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. 4-Tert-butylbenzohydrazone ligand was synthesised by reacting 4-tert-butylbenzohydrazide with dehydroacetic acid. Afterward, the Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) complexes of 4-tert-butylbenzohydrazone were synthesised. All the synthesised compounds were characterised using elemental analysis, ESI-MS, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic methods. ESI-MS studies revealed ligand to metal stoichiometry of 1:1 for the Cu(II) complex, 2:1 for the Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) complexes. IR studies showed that the ligand was coordinated to the metal ions through ONO donor atoms. The 1H NMR revealed that deprotonation did not occur in the ligand. Thus, the hydroxyl oxygen and the secondary amine nitrogen did not participate in the coordination. The proposed structures of the compounds conform with the analytical results.
 KEY WORDS: 4-Tert-butylbenzohydrazone, Metal complexes, Structure, Elucidation
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1411-1422. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.9
","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wubishet Legese, Abi M. Taddesse, Kibebew Kibret, Lemma Wogi
ABSTRACT. This research presents the efficiency of surfactant-modified (SMNZ) and unmodified natural-zeolite (UNZ) in the immobilization of Cr3+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ in the soil system. Phillipsite is identified as a major component of the host zeolite. Soil mixed with 20% UNZ retained the highest amount of all metals on the top layer of the soil-zeolite column. The lowest transfer of metals into the maize crop was observed at 30 mg of UNZ/kg soil. The experimental conditions such as pH, dose, stirring speed, contact time, and initial metal ions concentration showed significant effect on adsorption of Cr3+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ onto both unmodified and modified zeolite (phillipsite). The maximum adsorption (mg/kg) onto control soil, soil mixed with SMNZ and UNZ was 67.1, 90.9, 151.5 for Cr3+, 84.8, 120.5, 238.1 for Pb2+, 83.3, 116.3 and 212.8 for Cd2+ respectively. Thus, the use of natural zeolite, particularly UNZ has an important role in controlling the mobility of Cr3+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ metal ions in the soil system and thus their transfer to plant system. KEY WORDS: Zeolite, Immobilization, Heavy metals, Column, Pot trial, Batch Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1351-1368. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.5
{"title":"Assessing the influence of natural zeolite on toxic heavy metals immobilization and their transfer into Zea mays L.","authors":"Wubishet Legese, Abi M. Taddesse, Kibebew Kibret, Lemma Wogi","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.5","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. This research presents the efficiency of surfactant-modified (SMNZ) and unmodified natural-zeolite (UNZ) in the immobilization of Cr3+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ in the soil system. Phillipsite is identified as a major component of the host zeolite. Soil mixed with 20% UNZ retained the highest amount of all metals on the top layer of the soil-zeolite column. The lowest transfer of metals into the maize crop was observed at 30 mg of UNZ/kg soil. The experimental conditions such as pH, dose, stirring speed, contact time, and initial metal ions concentration showed significant effect on adsorption of Cr3+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ onto both unmodified and modified zeolite (phillipsite). The maximum adsorption (mg/kg) onto control soil, soil mixed with SMNZ and UNZ was 67.1, 90.9, 151.5 for Cr3+, 84.8, 120.5, 238.1 for Pb2+, 83.3, 116.3 and 212.8 for Cd2+ respectively. Thus, the use of natural zeolite, particularly UNZ has an important role in controlling the mobility of Cr3+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ metal ions in the soil system and thus their transfer to plant system. KEY WORDS: Zeolite, Immobilization, Heavy metals, Column, Pot trial, Batch Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1351-1368. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.5","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. In this study, the adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto potassium hydroxide activated carbon derived from water hyacinth leaf (KOH-AC-WHL) is described. KOH-AC-WHL was characterized using FT-IR spectrometry. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium were investigated using square wave anodic striping voltammetry (SWASV) for monitoring Pb(II) ions. The adsorption kinetics showed a better fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model with good linear correlation coefficients (R2) value of 0.999 compared to R2 value of 0.760 for a pseudo-first-order kinetics. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to fit the adsorption experimental data. A better correlation with the Langmuir model was observed with R2 value of 0.994 compared to the R2 value of 0.986 for the Freundlich model. Hence, the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Pb(II) ions was calculated from the Langmuir isotherm and found to be 206 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters were determined and their values showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) ions on KOH-AC-WHL was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorbent material effectively removed Pb(II) ions from 100 μg/L of Pb(II) simulated wastewater to the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible level of 10.0 μg/L within 30 min. The reusable efficiency of KOH-AC-WHL was found to be 73% after four consecutive cycles.
KEY WORDS: Lead(II) ions, Activated carbon, Water hyacinth, Adsorption
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1369-1382.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.6
{"title":"Adsorption of lead(II) ions using KOH-activated carbon derived from water hyacinth","authors":"Asmamaw Taye, Solomon Mehretie Mehretie, Shimelis Admassie","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.6","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. In this study, the adsorption of Pb(II) ions onto potassium hydroxide activated carbon derived from water hyacinth leaf (KOH-AC-WHL) is described. KOH-AC-WHL was characterized using FT-IR spectrometry. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium were investigated using square wave anodic striping voltammetry (SWASV) for monitoring Pb(II) ions. The adsorption kinetics showed a better fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model with good linear correlation coefficients (R2) value of 0.999 compared to R2 value of 0.760 for a pseudo-first-order kinetics. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to fit the adsorption experimental data. A better correlation with the Langmuir model was observed with R2 value of 0.994 compared to the R2 value of 0.986 for the Freundlich model. Hence, the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for Pb(II) ions was calculated from the Langmuir isotherm and found to be 206 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters were determined and their values showed that the adsorption of Pb(II) ions on KOH-AC-WHL was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorbent material effectively removed Pb(II) ions from 100 μg/L of Pb(II) simulated wastewater to the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible level of 10.0 μg/L within 30 min. The reusable efficiency of KOH-AC-WHL was found to be 73% after four consecutive cycles.
 KEY WORDS: Lead(II) ions, Activated carbon, Water hyacinth, Adsorption
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1369-1382.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.6","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. The present work describes an efficient and convenient synthesis of a library of novel 1, 2-bis-(tetrasubstituted-benzylidene) hydrazine an analogue (3-7) 1,2-bis (3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzlidene) hydrazine (3) and 1,2-bis (6-bromo-3-methoxy 2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazine (4), were obtained via opening of ester coumarin derivatives (1 and 2) with hydrazine hydrate under reflux. Diazotization of compound 4 with aryldiazonium chloride led to the formation of 1,2-bis (6-bromo-5-arylazo-3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazine (6a,b). Acetylation of compounds 4 and 6a with acetic anhydride afforded the corresponding 1,2-bis (6-bromo-5-substituted-3-methoxy-2-acetoxy benzylidene) hydrazines (5 and 7). The cytotoxicity screening of some synthesized 1,2-bis (tetra substituted benzylidene) hydrazines (4-7) against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), and it was found several active compounds. Meanwhile compound 5 exhibited cytotoxic activity compared to reference drug. The DNA flow cytometry on MCF-7 cells of compound 5 was determined, it was found to cause G2/M phase arrest and induce apoptosis in all G1/M phases. In addition, compound 5 has been tested in other trials against aromatase inhibitors and tyrosinase inhibitors.
KEY WORDS: Synthesis, Hydrazine derivatives, 1H NMR, Mass spectra, MCF-7 cell lines, Cytotoxicity
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1503-1520.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.16
{"title":"Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations and cytotoxic activities of some novel 1,2-bis-(tetrasubstituted-benzylidene) hydrazine analogues","authors":"Ghaferah H. Al-Hazmi","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i6.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.16","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. The present work describes an efficient and convenient synthesis of a library of novel 1, 2-bis-(tetrasubstituted-benzylidene) hydrazine an analogue (3-7) 1,2-bis (3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzlidene) hydrazine (3) and 1,2-bis (6-bromo-3-methoxy 2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazine (4), were obtained via opening of ester coumarin derivatives (1 and 2) with hydrazine hydrate under reflux. Diazotization of compound 4 with aryldiazonium chloride led to the formation of 1,2-bis (6-bromo-5-arylazo-3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene) hydrazine (6a,b). Acetylation of compounds 4 and 6a with acetic anhydride afforded the corresponding 1,2-bis (6-bromo-5-substituted-3-methoxy-2-acetoxy benzylidene) hydrazines (5 and 7). The cytotoxicity screening of some synthesized 1,2-bis (tetra substituted benzylidene) hydrazines (4-7) against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7), and it was found several active compounds. Meanwhile compound 5 exhibited cytotoxic activity compared to reference drug. The DNA flow cytometry on MCF-7 cells of compound 5 was determined, it was found to cause G2/M phase arrest and induce apoptosis in all G1/M phases. In addition, compound 5 has been tested in other trials against aromatase inhibitors and tyrosinase inhibitors.
 KEY WORDS: Synthesis, Hydrazine derivatives, 1H NMR, Mass spectra, MCF-7 cell lines, Cytotoxicity
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1503-1520.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.16","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. In this study, the concentration and risk of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 9 composite samples around the vicinity of an Asphalt plant in North Central, Nigeria, was evaluated. Aqua-regia wet digestion was used for heavy metals extraction in the water samples while atomic absorption spectrometry was used quantification. For PAHs, liquid-liquid extraction was used for extraction while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for quantification of PAHs in the extracts. The risk assessment was estimated using the hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) in all the samples studied. The results showed that Cd and Cr were present in concentrations higher than their permissible limits in water set by World Health Organization, while Pb was not detected. Total concentration of 14 PAHs ranged between 6.47–390 mg L-1 and were within the WHO permissible limits. High molecular weight PAHs were dominant (71.54%) relative to low molecular weight PAHs (28.46%). The risk assessment results revealed that 100% ILCRtotal values recorded for heavy metals were higher than the recommended limit. While 37.5% of ILCRtotal values recorded for PAHs were higher than the recommended values, implying that residents are exposed to health risks from both metals and PAHs.
KEY WORDS: Asphalt plant, Heavy metals, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,Water, Risk assessment
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1337-1349. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.4
{"title":"Risk assessment of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ground water samples around the vicinity of an asphalt plant in north central, Nigeria","authors":"A.A. Mohammed, M.M. Orosun, F.O. Okeola, M.A. Raji, G.O. Tesi, O.J. Yusuph","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.4","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. In this study, the concentration and risk of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 9 composite samples around the vicinity of an Asphalt plant in North Central, Nigeria, was evaluated. Aqua-regia wet digestion was used for heavy metals extraction in the water samples while atomic absorption spectrometry was used quantification. For PAHs, liquid-liquid extraction was used for extraction while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for quantification of PAHs in the extracts. The risk assessment was estimated using the hazard index (HI) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) in all the samples studied. The results showed that Cd and Cr were present in concentrations higher than their permissible limits in water set by World Health Organization, while Pb was not detected. Total concentration of 14 PAHs ranged between 6.47–390 mg L-1 and were within the WHO permissible limits. High molecular weight PAHs were dominant (71.54%) relative to low molecular weight PAHs (28.46%). The risk assessment results revealed that 100% ILCRtotal values recorded for heavy metals were higher than the recommended limit. While 37.5% of ILCRtotal values recorded for PAHs were higher than the recommended values, implying that residents are exposed to health risks from both metals and PAHs.
 KEY WORDS: Asphalt plant, Heavy metals, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,Water, Risk assessment
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1337-1349. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.4","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhekra Jawad Hashim, Enass J. Waheed, Angham G. Hadi, Sadiq J. Baqir
ABSTRACT. 4-Sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) was used as a ligand to prepare new triphenyltin and dimethyl-tin complexes by condensation with the corresponding organotin chloride salts. The complexes were identified by different techniques, such as infrared spectra (tin and proton), magnetic resonance, and elemental analyses. The 119Sn-NMR was studied to determine the prepared complexes' geometrical shape. Two methods examined the antioxidant activity of (SSA) and prepared complexes; Free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and CUPRRAC methods. Tri and di-tin complexes gave high percentage inhibition than ligands with both methods due to tin moiety; the triphenyltin carboxylate complex was the best compared with the others. Also, antibacterial activity was assessed by using the agar ditch method against (Escherichia coli) and (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The complexes gave high activity in inhibition than the ligand derived. Also Triphenyltin carboxylate complex showed higher antibacterial activity than the dimethyltin complex against two types of bacteria (Escherichia coli) and (Staphylococcus aureus).
KEY WORDS: Antioxidant activity, Antibacterial activity, Sulfosalicylic acid, Tri phenyl tin chloride, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1435-1442. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.11
{"title":"Exploring the biological activity of organotin carboxylate complexes with 4-sulfosalicylic acid","authors":"Dhekra Jawad Hashim, Enass J. Waheed, Angham G. Hadi, Sadiq J. Baqir","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i6.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.11","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. 4-Sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) was used as a ligand to prepare new triphenyltin and dimethyl-tin complexes by condensation with the corresponding organotin chloride salts. The complexes were identified by different techniques, such as infrared spectra (tin and proton), magnetic resonance, and elemental analyses. The 119Sn-NMR was studied to determine the prepared complexes' geometrical shape. Two methods examined the antioxidant activity of (SSA) and prepared complexes; Free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) and CUPRRAC methods. Tri and di-tin complexes gave high percentage inhibition than ligands with both methods due to tin moiety; the triphenyltin carboxylate complex was the best compared with the others. Also, antibacterial activity was assessed by using the agar ditch method against (Escherichia coli) and (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The complexes gave high activity in inhibition than the ligand derived. Also Triphenyltin carboxylate complex showed higher antibacterial activity than the dimethyltin complex against two types of bacteria (Escherichia coli) and (Staphylococcus aureus).
 KEY WORDS: Antioxidant activity, Antibacterial activity, Sulfosalicylic acid, Tri phenyl tin chloride, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1435-1442. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.11","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT. A zero-order emission system was applied to address the variation in emission wavelengths between analytes. Also, it assists to compensate for the drop in emission intensity resulted from the changes in analyte excitation wavelength. So, a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) with zero order emission mode was used for the simultaneous estimation of rhodamine B (RhB) and eosin Y (EsY) based on their native fluorescence. The presented method is considered the first fluorescence method for simultaneous determination of RhB and EsY. The efficiency of the developed method was tested by determining the two dyes in a high matrix sample, chili sauce. Under the optimum condition, a linear calibration graphs for RhB and EsY in range of 0.5 -300 ng/mL with r = 0.9994 and 0.9991, respectively, were acquired. The limits of detection for RhB and EsY were 0.344 ng/mL (0.355 ng/g) and 0.215 ng/mL (0.222 ng/g), respectively. The recovery percentage and relative standard deviation of two analytes were obtained in the range of 98.38-101.86% and 0.83-1.66%, respectively. RhB was detected only in one chili sauce sample at a concentration of 0.388 ng/mL while EsY was not found in any sample.
KEY WORDS: Rhodamine B, Eosin Y, HPLC-FLD, Zero-order emission mode, Solid phase extraction
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1315-1323. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.2
{"title":"Highly sensitive zero-order emission system - fluorescence detection-liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of two banned phenyl xanthene dyes in bottled chili sauce","authors":"Hazim M. Ali","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.2","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. A zero-order emission system was applied to address the variation in emission wavelengths between analytes. Also, it assists to compensate for the drop in emission intensity resulted from the changes in analyte excitation wavelength. So, a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) with zero order emission mode was used for the simultaneous estimation of rhodamine B (RhB) and eosin Y (EsY) based on their native fluorescence. The presented method is considered the first fluorescence method for simultaneous determination of RhB and EsY. The efficiency of the developed method was tested by determining the two dyes in a high matrix sample, chili sauce. Under the optimum condition, a linear calibration graphs for RhB and EsY in range of 0.5 -300 ng/mL with r = 0.9994 and 0.9991, respectively, were acquired. The limits of detection for RhB and EsY were 0.344 ng/mL (0.355 ng/g) and 0.215 ng/mL (0.222 ng/g), respectively. The recovery percentage and relative standard deviation of two analytes were obtained in the range of 98.38-101.86% and 0.83-1.66%, respectively. RhB was detected only in one chili sauce sample at a concentration of 0.388 ng/mL while EsY was not found in any sample.
 KEY WORDS: Rhodamine B, Eosin Y, HPLC-FLD, Zero-order emission mode, Solid phase extraction
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1315-1323. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.2","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subrata Narayan Das, Susanta K. Biswal, Ranjan K. Mohapatra
ABSTRACT. The transportation of minerals/ores in form of slurry through pipelines is an alternative, effective and also eco-friendly mode of transportation. Surfactants extracted from the plant sources are gaining high interest for the formulation and stabilization of high concentrated solid-water slurries. In this work, the role of a novel bio-surfactant extracted from Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott on the stabilisation of iron ore slurry (IOS) was studied and reported first time. The collected iron ore powder (IOP) and dried IOS samples were analysed with the help of XRF, XRD, SEM and EDS analysis. The results confirmed that the surfactant molecules (present in aqueous Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) coated well on iron surface and forms an effective barrier between the iron ore (IO) particles. The studied rheological parameters for the slurry indicated non-Newtonian flow behaviour.
KEY WORDS: Iron ore slurry, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, XRD, SEM, rheological measurements
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1459-1470. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.13
{"title":"Analysing the role of a bio-surfactant extracted from Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott on the stabilization of high concentrated iron ore slurry for transportation","authors":"Subrata Narayan Das, Susanta K. Biswal, Ranjan K. Mohapatra","doi":"10.4314/bcse.v37i6.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.13","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT. The transportation of minerals/ores in form of slurry through pipelines is an alternative, effective and also eco-friendly mode of transportation. Surfactants extracted from the plant sources are gaining high interest for the formulation and stabilization of high concentrated solid-water slurries. In this work, the role of a novel bio-surfactant extracted from Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott on the stabilisation of iron ore slurry (IOS) was studied and reported first time. The collected iron ore powder (IOP) and dried IOS samples were analysed with the help of XRF, XRD, SEM and EDS analysis. The results confirmed that the surfactant molecules (present in aqueous Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) coated well on iron surface and forms an effective barrier between the iron ore (IO) particles. The studied rheological parameters for the slurry indicated non-Newtonian flow behaviour.
 KEY WORDS: Iron ore slurry, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, XRD, SEM, rheological measurements
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(6), 1459-1470. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i6.13","PeriodicalId":9501,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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