Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07060669809500391
M. Reuveni, R. Reuveni
Foliar applications of 1% solution of mono-potassium phosphae (MKP = KH2P04) fertilizer plus Triton X-100 (0.025%), sterol inhibiting (SI) fungicides, and an alternating treatment of phosphate fertilizer and SI fungicides inhibited development of the powdery mildew fungus Sphaerotheca pannosa on fruits and leaves of nectarine trees in 3 consecutive years. The effectiveness of the alternating treatments with an appropriate systemic fungicide and 1% solution of MKP was similar to that of the commercial treatment with the systemic fungicides alone. However, application of the systemic fungicides only, omitting the phosphate treatment when they were scheduled, was significantly less effective than either the phosphate or the alternation treatments. These results indicate that the use of phosphate fertilizer has a significant role in disease control, enabling up to 50% reduction with number of fungicide treatments required for powdery mildew control. These results were confirmed in a large-scale demonstration ...
{"title":"Foliar applications of mono-potassium phosphate fertilizer inhibit powdery mildew development in nectarine trees","authors":"M. Reuveni, R. Reuveni","doi":"10.1080/07060669809500391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500391","url":null,"abstract":"Foliar applications of 1% solution of mono-potassium phosphae (MKP = KH2P04) fertilizer plus Triton X-100 (0.025%), sterol inhibiting (SI) fungicides, and an alternating treatment of phosphate fertilizer and SI fungicides inhibited development of the powdery mildew fungus Sphaerotheca pannosa on fruits and leaves of nectarine trees in 3 consecutive years. The effectiveness of the alternating treatments with an appropriate systemic fungicide and 1% solution of MKP was similar to that of the commercial treatment with the systemic fungicides alone. However, application of the systemic fungicides only, omitting the phosphate treatment when they were scheduled, was significantly less effective than either the phosphate or the alternation treatments. These results indicate that the use of phosphate fertilizer has a significant role in disease control, enabling up to 50% reduction with number of fungicide treatments required for powdery mildew control. These results were confirmed in a large-scale demonstration ...","PeriodicalId":9607,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74528738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07060669809500389
J. Northover, R. Cerkauskas
European plums (Prunus domestica “Stanley”) with a high incidence of symptomless latent infections of Monilinia fructicola, were harvested soft-ripe or firm-ripe, surface disinfested in NaOCl, soaked for 4 min in fungicide suspensions at 20°C and incubated for 7-11 days at >95% RH at 20°C. Using soft-ripe fruits, all 12 fungicides reduced brown rot relative to the water check after 7 days incubation, with tebuconazole and flusilazole being numerically superior. Using firm-ripe fruits, five sterol-inhibiting fungicides and iprodione reduced brown rot infections after 7 days incubation, with tebuconazole, flusilazole and myclobutanil being numerically superior. Fruits were soaked for 4 min in suspensions of tebuconazole and flusilazole at 33, 67, and 100 mg a.i./L, and incubated for 7-8 days. Treatments were moderately effective with no rate response except for soft-ripe plums soaked in flusilazole. Five sterol-inhibiting fungicides were applied twice at mid-season to Stanley trees having fruits with a high...
{"title":"Fungicidal suppression of symptomless latent infections of Monilinia fructicola in European plums","authors":"J. Northover, R. Cerkauskas","doi":"10.1080/07060669809500389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500389","url":null,"abstract":"European plums (Prunus domestica “Stanley”) with a high incidence of symptomless latent infections of Monilinia fructicola, were harvested soft-ripe or firm-ripe, surface disinfested in NaOCl, soaked for 4 min in fungicide suspensions at 20°C and incubated for 7-11 days at >95% RH at 20°C. Using soft-ripe fruits, all 12 fungicides reduced brown rot relative to the water check after 7 days incubation, with tebuconazole and flusilazole being numerically superior. Using firm-ripe fruits, five sterol-inhibiting fungicides and iprodione reduced brown rot infections after 7 days incubation, with tebuconazole, flusilazole and myclobutanil being numerically superior. Fruits were soaked for 4 min in suspensions of tebuconazole and flusilazole at 33, 67, and 100 mg a.i./L, and incubated for 7-8 days. Treatments were moderately effective with no rate response except for soft-ripe plums soaked in flusilazole. Five sterol-inhibiting fungicides were applied twice at mid-season to Stanley trees having fruits with a high...","PeriodicalId":9607,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80706834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07060669809500396
P. Hildebrand, P. Braun, K. Mcrae, Xuewen Lu
The lipopeptidic biosurfactant viscosin was examined as a pathogenicity factor of a pectolytic strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens that causes broccoli head rot. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) of viscosin was 4 𝛍g/mL in a 2 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and the surface tension was reduced from 71 mN/m to 25 mN/m. When broccoli florets were immersed in viscosin solutions of increasing concentration, the tissues became wetted at 10 𝛍g/mL and electrolytes were induced to leak at a concentration between 10 and 25 𝛍g/mL. Erythrocytes were lysed at concentrations of 10 𝛍g/mL and above. Since membrane effects occurred above the CMC, it appears that viscosin does not act as a membrane toxin, but rather as a nonspecific detergent. A viscosin deficient mutant, induced by Tn5 mutagenesis, caused decay of wounded florets only, but the decay failed to spread to adjacent nonwounded florets as had occurred with a wild strain. When the mutant strain (1 x 107 cfu/mL) was incubated with viscosin (25 𝛍g/mL), it was...
{"title":"Role of the biosurfactant viscosin in broccoli head rot caused by a pectolytic strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens","authors":"P. Hildebrand, P. Braun, K. Mcrae, Xuewen Lu","doi":"10.1080/07060669809500396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500396","url":null,"abstract":"The lipopeptidic biosurfactant viscosin was examined as a pathogenicity factor of a pectolytic strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens that causes broccoli head rot. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) of viscosin was 4 𝛍g/mL in a 2 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), and the surface tension was reduced from 71 mN/m to 25 mN/m. When broccoli florets were immersed in viscosin solutions of increasing concentration, the tissues became wetted at 10 𝛍g/mL and electrolytes were induced to leak at a concentration between 10 and 25 𝛍g/mL. Erythrocytes were lysed at concentrations of 10 𝛍g/mL and above. Since membrane effects occurred above the CMC, it appears that viscosin does not act as a membrane toxin, but rather as a nonspecific detergent. A viscosin deficient mutant, induced by Tn5 mutagenesis, caused decay of wounded florets only, but the decay failed to spread to adjacent nonwounded florets as had occurred with a wild strain. When the mutant strain (1 x 107 cfu/mL) was incubated with viscosin (25 𝛍g/mL), it was...","PeriodicalId":9607,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79976448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07060669809500388
R. Singh, Munshi Singh, J. Mcdonald
Oligonucleotide primers for a 3-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were optimized by adjusting their Tm values to identify European-type members of the potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) inducing PVYNTN sub-group of PVYN. Fiftyseven North American isolates of PVYN were screened using this assay and one, originating from garden potato tubers in Ontario, was found to be positive. This isolate was confirmed to induce the diagnostic PTNRD, using a panel of 20 potato cultivars. AC Chaleur, AC Novachip, Century Russet, Cherokee, and Frontier Russet reacted severely and developed PTNRD either at the time of harvest or during storage. About 800 tubers collected from New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island fields, from plants exhibiting mosaic and leafroll symptoms were also screened for various strains of PVY using PCR primers. Results indicate that primer pairs developed are specific for PVY spp., PVYN, and PVYNTN.
通过调整Tm值对3引物聚合酶链反应(PCR)的寡核苷酸引物进行优化，以鉴定马铃薯块茎坏死环斑病(PTNRD)诱导PVYNTN亚群的欧洲型成员。用这种方法筛选了57株PVYN北美分离株，其中一株来自安大略省的花园马铃薯块茎，被发现呈阳性。通过20个马铃薯品种的鉴定，证实该分离物可诱导诊断性PTNRD。AC Chaleur, AC Novachip, Century Russet, Cherokee和Frontier Russet在收获或储存期间反应严重并发展PTNRD。从新不伦瑞克省和爱德华王子岛地区采集的约800块块茎，采用PCR引物对具有花叶病和叶卷病症状的植物进行了PVY菌株的筛选。结果表明，该引物对PVY spp.、PVYN和PVYNTN具有特异性。
{"title":"Screening by a 3-primer PCR of North American PVYN isolates for European-type members of the tuber necrosis-inducing PVYNTN subgroup","authors":"R. Singh, Munshi Singh, J. Mcdonald","doi":"10.1080/07060669809500388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500388","url":null,"abstract":"Oligonucleotide primers for a 3-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were optimized by adjusting their Tm values to identify European-type members of the potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) inducing PVYNTN sub-group of PVYN. Fiftyseven North American isolates of PVYN were screened using this assay and one, originating from garden potato tubers in Ontario, was found to be positive. This isolate was confirmed to induce the diagnostic PTNRD, using a panel of 20 potato cultivars. AC Chaleur, AC Novachip, Century Russet, Cherokee, and Frontier Russet reacted severely and developed PTNRD either at the time of harvest or during storage. About 800 tubers collected from New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island fields, from plants exhibiting mosaic and leafroll symptoms were also screened for various strains of PVY using PCR primers. Results indicate that primer pairs developed are specific for PVY spp., PVYN, and PVYNTN.","PeriodicalId":9607,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72722827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07060669809500417
S. Strelkov, L. Lamari, G. M. Ballance
{"title":"Induced chlorophyll degradation by a chlorosis toxin from Pyrenophora tritici-repentis","authors":"S. Strelkov, L. Lamari, G. M. Ballance","doi":"10.1080/07060669809500417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500417","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9607,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74753152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07060669809500404
E. Wolf, R. Effertz, Shaukat Ali, L. Francl
{"title":"Vistas of tan spot research","authors":"E. Wolf, R. Effertz, Shaukat Ali, L. Francl","doi":"10.1080/07060669809500404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500404","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9607,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77507963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07060669809500394
T. Adhikari, R. Basnyat
The effect of crop rotation and cultivar resistance on bacterial wilt of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (biovar 3 and race I), were studied from 1994 to 1996 in a field experiment in Chitwan, Nepal. Corn (Zea mays), lady's finger (Ahelomoschus esculentum), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and the partially resistant tomato line CL1131-0-0-43-4 (CL1131) were rotated with susceptible tomato in different combinations. The susceptible tomato cultivar Pusa Ruby was used as an indicator plant to assess wilt severity (percent leaves wilted) in each plot after rotation. Wilt severity was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by rotation with corn, lady's finger, cowpea, or resistant tomato compared with continuous tomato. The onset of bacterial wilt was delayed by 1-3 weeks and wilt severity was reduced by 20-26% when susceptible tomato was grown after corn, lady's fingers, cowpea or resistant tomato. Lower area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), based on wilt severity, and higher...
{"title":"Effect of crop rotation and cultivar resistance on bacterial wilt of tomato in Nepal","authors":"T. Adhikari, R. Basnyat","doi":"10.1080/07060669809500394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500394","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of crop rotation and cultivar resistance on bacterial wilt of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (biovar 3 and race I), were studied from 1994 to 1996 in a field experiment in Chitwan, Nepal. Corn (Zea mays), lady's finger (Ahelomoschus esculentum), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and the partially resistant tomato line CL1131-0-0-43-4 (CL1131) were rotated with susceptible tomato in different combinations. The susceptible tomato cultivar Pusa Ruby was used as an indicator plant to assess wilt severity (percent leaves wilted) in each plot after rotation. Wilt severity was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by rotation with corn, lady's finger, cowpea, or resistant tomato compared with continuous tomato. The onset of bacterial wilt was delayed by 1-3 weeks and wilt severity was reduced by 20-26% when susceptible tomato was grown after corn, lady's fingers, cowpea or resistant tomato. Lower area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), based on wilt severity, and higher...","PeriodicalId":9607,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82111886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07060669809500408
L. Francl
{"title":"Genesis and liberation of conidia of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis","authors":"L. Francl","doi":"10.1080/07060669809500408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9607,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83870204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07060669809500414
R. Wilson, R. Loughman
{"title":"Status of breeding for resistance to Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in Western Australia","authors":"R. Wilson, R. Loughman","doi":"10.1080/07060669809500414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500414","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9607,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82938036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-12-01DOI: 10.1080/07060669809500400
R. Sturrock, G. Reynolds
The efficacy of a novel inoculation technique for infecting conifer seedling roots with Phellinus weirii was demonstrated, Inoculum units were prepared from P. weirii-colonized stem segments of red alder (Alnus rubra) and branch segments of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). In one experiment, potted and outplanted seedlings of nine coniferous species of known susceptibility to P. weirii (Douglas-fir, grand fir, lodgepole pine, noble fir, Sitka spruce, western hemlock, western redcedar, western white pine, and yellow cedar) were inoculated using the novel inoculum units. For all nine species combined, transfer of ectotrophic P. weirii was greater for potted seedlings than for outplanted seedlings (93% vs. 48%). However, rates of endotrophic P. weirii infection were similar for potted and outplanted seedlings (81% and 77% respectively). Results of this experiment parallel reported species susceptibility to P. weirii. In a second experiment, rooted cuttings of English yew and Pacific yew, coniferous speci...
{"title":"A new technique for inoculation of conifer seedling roots with the laminated root rot pathogen, Phellinus weirii","authors":"R. Sturrock, G. Reynolds","doi":"10.1080/07060669809500400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07060669809500400","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of a novel inoculation technique for infecting conifer seedling roots with Phellinus weirii was demonstrated, Inoculum units were prepared from P. weirii-colonized stem segments of red alder (Alnus rubra) and branch segments of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). In one experiment, potted and outplanted seedlings of nine coniferous species of known susceptibility to P. weirii (Douglas-fir, grand fir, lodgepole pine, noble fir, Sitka spruce, western hemlock, western redcedar, western white pine, and yellow cedar) were inoculated using the novel inoculum units. For all nine species combined, transfer of ectotrophic P. weirii was greater for potted seedlings than for outplanted seedlings (93% vs. 48%). However, rates of endotrophic P. weirii infection were similar for potted and outplanted seedlings (81% and 77% respectively). Results of this experiment parallel reported species susceptibility to P. weirii. In a second experiment, rooted cuttings of English yew and Pacific yew, coniferous speci...","PeriodicalId":9607,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80912349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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