Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1089
S. Saboori, M. Sheidai, Zahra Noourmohammadi, S. Marashi, F. Koohdar
Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest domesticated fruit trees. For future breeding program, knowledge on genetic structure of cultivars is necessary. Therefore, the present study was performed with the following aims: 1- To provide data on genetic diversity and genetic structure of 36 date palm cultivars, 2- To provide data on the association between fruit characteristics and the genetic features of the cultivars. We used nine SSRs and EST-SSR loci for our genetic investigation. The most of SSR loci obtained have a high Gst value (0.70), and therefore have a good discrimination power for date palm cultivar differentiation task. K-Means clustering grouped date palm cultivars either in two broad clusters, or in 16 smaller genetic groups. This was supported by delta K = 2 of the STRUCTURE analysis. AMOVA produced significant genetic difference among date palm cultivars (PhiPT = 0.70, P = 0.001). New genetic differentiation parameters estimated also produced significant difference among date palm cultivars (G’st(Nei) = 0.673, P =0.001; G’st(Hed) = 0.738, P = 0.001). Test of assignment revealed that some of the cultivars have 33-66% misassignment, probably due to genetic admixture. Heatmaps of genetic versus morphological/or agronomical characters in date palm cultivars differed from each other showing the cultivars morphological changes is not merely related to their genetic content. It points toward the potential role played either by environmental conditions or local selection practice. The new findings can be utilized in future conservation and breeding of date palms in the country.
枣椰树(Phoenix dactylifera L.)是最古老的驯化果树之一。在今后的育种工作中，对品种遗传结构的了解是必要的。因此，本研究的目的是:1 .为36个枣椰树品种的遗传多样性和遗传结构提供资料;2 .为枣椰树果实性状与品种遗传特征之间的关系提供资料。我们使用了9个ssr位点和EST-SSR位点进行遗传分析。所获得的SSR位点大部分具有较高的Gst值(0.70)，因此对枣椰树品种分化任务具有较好的判别能力。K-Means聚类将枣椰树品种分为两个大群或16个较小的遗传群。这得到了STRUCTURE分析的K = 2的支持。AMOVA在枣椰树品种间具有显著的遗传差异(PhiPT = 0.70, P = 0.001)。新的遗传分化参数在枣椰树品种间也存在显著差异(G′st(Nei) = 0.673, P =0.001;G 'st (Hed) = 0.738, P = 0.001)。配型试验表明，部分品种配型错配率达33-66%，可能是遗传混配所致。枣椰树品种遗传特征与形态特征或农艺特征的热图差异表明，枣椰树品种的形态变化不仅仅与遗传含量有关。它指出了环境条件或当地选择实践所起的潜在作用。这些新发现可为今后我国枣椰树的保护和育种提供参考。
{"title":"Genetic (SSRs) versus morphological differentiation of date palm cultivars: Fst versus Pst estimates","authors":"S. Saboori, M. Sheidai, Zahra Noourmohammadi, S. Marashi, F. Koohdar","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1089","url":null,"abstract":"Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest domesticated fruit trees. For future breeding program, knowledge on genetic structure of cultivars is necessary. Therefore, the present study was performed with the following aims: 1- To provide data on genetic diversity and genetic structure of 36 date palm cultivars, 2- To provide data on the association between fruit characteristics and the genetic features of the cultivars. We used nine SSRs and EST-SSR loci for our genetic investigation. The most of SSR loci obtained have a high Gst value (0.70), and therefore have a good discrimination power for date palm cultivar differentiation task. K-Means clustering grouped date palm cultivars either in two broad clusters, or in 16 smaller genetic groups. This was supported by delta K = 2 of the STRUCTURE analysis. AMOVA produced significant genetic difference among date palm cultivars (PhiPT = 0.70, P = 0.001). New genetic differentiation parameters estimated also produced significant difference among date palm cultivars (G’st(Nei) = 0.673, P =0.001; G’st(Hed) = 0.738, P = 0.001). Test of assignment revealed that some of the cultivars have 33-66% misassignment, probably due to genetic admixture. Heatmaps of genetic versus morphological/or agronomical characters in date palm cultivars differed from each other showing the cultivars morphological changes is not merely related to their genetic content. It points toward the potential role played either by environmental conditions or local selection practice. The new findings can be utilized in future conservation and breeding of date palms in the country.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83566198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Zhu, Lijie Liu, Shanshan Li, Bo Li, M. Khayatnezhad, Abdul Shakoor
The Caryophyllaceae family is complex. Several attempts have been carried out in the past to study Caryophyllaceae members. This study mainly focused on Allochrusa Bunge to determine its genetic structure and used ISSR markers, ITS, and rps16 data to classify and differentiate Allochrusa species. We collected 122 Allochrusa specimens. Our analysis included morphological and molecular method approaches. Morphometry analysis indicated that floral characters could assist in the identification of Allochrusa species. A. persica (Boiss.) Boiss. and A. versicolor Fisch. & C.A.Mey. showed affinity to each other. A. bungei Boiss. formed a separate group. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic differentiation in Allochrusa (p= 0.001). The majority of genetic variation was among the Allochrusa population. We recorded minimum gene flow (Nm=0.176) between Allochrusa species. Besides this, isolation by distance occurs in Allochrusa members, as shown in the Mantel test result (r = 0.01, p = 0.0002). STRUCTURE analysis revealed three genetic groups. It is evident that A. persica, A. versicolor, and A. bungei differ genetically from each other. Our current findings have implications in plant systematics and biodiversity management.
石竹科植物很复杂。过去曾多次尝试对石竹科成员进行研究。本研究主要以异食石(Allochrusa Bunge)为研究对象，确定其遗传结构，并利用ISSR标记、its和rps16数据对异食石进行分类和区分。我们收集了122只异齿兽标本。我们的分析包括形态学和分子方法。形态计量学分析表明，花系性状可以作为异花楸属植物的鉴别依据。波斯卡(波斯)木香。和杂色鱼。& C.A.Mey。表现出彼此的亲和力。龙葵。组成了一个独立的小组。分子变异分析显示，异食豆的遗传分化显著(p= 0.001)。遗传变异主要发生在异食兽种群中。结果表明，不同种间的基因流量最小，Nm=0.176。此外，距离隔离在Allochrusa成员中发生，如Mantel试验结果(r = 0.01, p = 0.0002)所示。结构分析显示三个遗传群。木香、花斑木香和白蜡木香在遗传上存在明显差异。本研究结果对植物分类学和生物多样性管理具有指导意义。
{"title":"Morphological method and molecular marker determine genetic diversity and population structure in Allochrusa","authors":"K. Zhu, Lijie Liu, Shanshan Li, Bo Li, M. Khayatnezhad, Abdul Shakoor","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-958","url":null,"abstract":"The Caryophyllaceae family is complex. Several attempts have been carried out in the past to study Caryophyllaceae members. This study mainly focused on Allochrusa Bunge to determine its genetic structure and used ISSR markers, ITS, and rps16 data to classify and differentiate Allochrusa species. We collected 122 Allochrusa specimens. Our analysis included morphological and molecular method approaches. Morphometry analysis indicated that floral characters could assist in the identification of Allochrusa species. A. persica (Boiss.) Boiss. and A. versicolor Fisch. & C.A.Mey. showed affinity to each other. A. bungei Boiss. formed a separate group. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic differentiation in Allochrusa (p= 0.001). The majority of genetic variation was among the Allochrusa population. We recorded minimum gene flow (Nm=0.176) between Allochrusa species. Besides this, isolation by distance occurs in Allochrusa members, as shown in the Mantel test result (r = 0.01, p = 0.0002). STRUCTURE analysis revealed three genetic groups. It is evident that A. persica, A. versicolor, and A. bungei differ genetically from each other. Our current findings have implications in plant systematics and biodiversity management.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80931682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-08DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1056
Xiao Cheng, Xiaoling Hong, M. Khayatnezhad, F. Ullah
The genus Tamarix consists of about 54 species that mainly grow in saline areas of deserts and semi-deserts. This genus is chemically characterized by the presence of tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins and essential oils which interfere with the extraction of pure genomic DNA. Thus it is necessary to optimize extraction protocols to minimize the influence of these compounds to the lowest level. The present study compares the efficiency of five different approaches to extract total genomic DNA in Tamarix species, showing significant differences in the extracted DNA contents and quality,by using Kit (DNP TM Kit), CTAB DNA extraction method by Murray and Thompson, Sahu et al., Nalini et al. and Bi et al., for the extraction of DNA from Tamarix species. Our results showed significant differences in DNA contents between these five methods. The quantity and quality of extracted genomic DNA were checked by the spectrophotometer, Nano-Drop and and agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. Finally, a PCR-based method was also applied to verify the amplification efficiency for two molecular markers (ITS and ISSR).. In the present study, the genetic diversity of 96 Tamarix individuals species and 8 populations were studied using 10 ISSR markerswhile for nrDNA ITS 8 species samples were used. The method of Nalini et al., provided best results (207 ng/μL) in terms of quantity and quality ofDNA. Our results proposed that this method could be effective for plants with the same polysaccharides, proteins and polyphenols components. The advantage of this method is simple and fast as it does not involve time consuming steps such as incubation at higher temperatures, and also do not requires expensive chemicals such as proteinase K, liquid nitrogen. ,. The success of this method in obtaining high-quality genomic DNA has been demonstrated in the Tamarix species group and the reliability of this method has been discussed.
柽柳属约有54种，主要生长在沙漠和半沙漠的盐碱地。这种属的化学特征是单宁，类黄酮，花青素和精油的存在干扰纯基因组DNA的提取。因此，有必要优化提取方案，以尽量减少这些化合物的影响到最低水平。本研究采用Kit (DNP TM Kit)、Murray and Thompson、Sahu et al.、Nalini et al.和Bi et al.的CTAB DNA提取方法提取柽柳物种的DNA，比较了五种不同方法提取柽柳物种基因组总DNA的效率，发现提取的DNA含量和质量存在显著差异。我们的结果显示，这五种方法的DNA含量有显著差异。采用分光光度计、纳米滴法和琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测提取的基因组DNA的数量和质量。最后，采用pcr方法验证了ITS和ISSR两种分子标记的扩增效率。本研究利用10个ISSR标记对柽柳96个种和8个居群的遗传多样性进行了研究，并利用8个种样本进行了nrDNA ITS分析。以Nalini等人的方法(207 ng/μL)测定dna的数量和质量最好。结果表明，该方法对具有相同多糖、蛋白质和多酚成分的植物是有效的。这种方法的优点是简单和快速，因为它不涉及耗时的步骤，如在高温下孵育，也不需要昂贵的化学品，如蛋白酶K，液氮。,。该方法获得高质量基因组DNA的成功已在柽柳种群中得到证明，并对该方法的可靠性进行了讨论。
{"title":"Genetic diversity and comparative study of genomic DNA extraction protocols in Tamarix L. species","authors":"Xiao Cheng, Xiaoling Hong, M. Khayatnezhad, F. Ullah","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1056","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Tamarix consists of about 54 species that mainly grow in saline areas of deserts and semi-deserts. This genus is chemically characterized by the presence of tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins and essential oils which interfere with the extraction of pure genomic DNA. Thus it is necessary to optimize extraction protocols to minimize the influence of these compounds to the lowest level. The present study compares the efficiency of five different approaches to extract total genomic DNA in Tamarix species, showing significant differences in the extracted DNA contents and quality,by using Kit (DNP TM Kit), CTAB DNA extraction method by Murray and Thompson, Sahu et al., Nalini et al. and Bi et al., for the extraction of DNA from Tamarix species. Our results showed significant differences in DNA contents between these five methods. The quantity and quality of extracted genomic DNA were checked by the spectrophotometer, Nano-Drop and and agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. Finally, a PCR-based method was also applied to verify the amplification efficiency for two molecular markers (ITS and ISSR).. In the present study, the genetic diversity of 96 Tamarix individuals species and 8 populations were studied using 10 ISSR markerswhile for nrDNA ITS 8 species samples were used. The method of Nalini et al., provided best results (207 ng/μL) in terms of quantity and quality ofDNA. Our results proposed that this method could be effective for plants with the same polysaccharides, proteins and polyphenols components. The advantage of this method is simple and fast as it does not involve time consuming steps such as incubation at higher temperatures, and also do not requires expensive chemicals such as proteinase K, liquid nitrogen. ,. The success of this method in obtaining high-quality genomic DNA has been demonstrated in the Tamarix species group and the reliability of this method has been discussed.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77198249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-22DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1206
T. Garnatje, J. Pellicer, J. Vallès, N. Hall, C. Hansen, L. Goertzen
The genus Marshallia is made up by seven to ten species of perennial herbs growing mainly in open habitats, whereas the genus Balduina is represented by three sympatric species; two perennial herbs and one annual, growing in open pine forest habitats. Both genera belong to the family Asteraceae, tribe Helenieae, and are endemic to the southeast United States, in North America. Cytogenetic studies concerning these two genera are scarce and genome size data is lacking for both. The main goals of this study were to (i) generate novel insights into the evolution of the genome size and (ii), contribute to filling existing gaps on our knowledge of the Asteraceae family from this point of view. Nuclear DNA contents range from 11.42 pg/2C in Marshallia trinervia to 31.58 pg/2C in Marshallia mohrii. The combination of genome size with chromosome data (and inferred cytotypes) suggests the existence of multiple cytotypes, and provides interesting insights into the potential impact of polyploidy in the evolution of these genera in general, and the shaping of genome size diversity, in particular.
{"title":"First genome size assessments for Marshallia and Balduina (Asteraceae, Helenieae) reveal significant cytotype diversity","authors":"T. Garnatje, J. Pellicer, J. Vallès, N. Hall, C. Hansen, L. Goertzen","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1206","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Marshallia is made up by seven to ten species of perennial herbs growing mainly in open habitats, whereas the genus Balduina is represented by three sympatric species; two perennial herbs and one annual, growing in open pine forest habitats. Both genera belong to the family Asteraceae, tribe Helenieae, and are endemic to the southeast United States, in North America. Cytogenetic studies concerning these two genera are scarce and genome size data is lacking for both. The main goals of this study were to (i) generate novel insights into the evolution of the genome size and (ii), contribute to filling existing gaps on our knowledge of the Asteraceae family from this point of view. Nuclear DNA contents range from 11.42 pg/2C in Marshallia trinervia to 31.58 pg/2C in Marshallia mohrii. The combination of genome size with chromosome data (and inferred cytotypes) suggests the existence of multiple cytotypes, and provides interesting insights into the potential impact of polyploidy in the evolution of these genera in general, and the shaping of genome size diversity, in particular.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77908449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1236
Majid Khayyatnezhad, S. Shah
Salvia has a high degree of environmental compatibility and is widespread around the world, especially in tropical and temperate regions. It is represented by 61 species in Iran including 19 endemic species. Salvia species are mostly shrubs or subshrubs, occasionally herbs, typically perennial, sometimes biennial or annual, and often aromatic. The genus has high medicinal, commercial and horticultural value. It is the largest and one of the taxonomically complicated genus of Lamiaceae. To determine the genetic diversity and understand the species’ limits within the Iranian Salvia, we produced both morphological and molecular data using 145 randomly collected plants representing 30 species from 18 provinces of Iran. A total of 107 reproducible bands were generated by 10 of 25 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, with an average of 10.7 bands/primer and 44% polymorphism. Largest number of effective alleles (Ne), genetic diversity (H), and Shannon Index (I) were shown by S. reuterana. Our data depicted highest similarity between S. suffruticosa and S. hydrangea and lowest between S. aristata and S. oligphylla. Salvia limbata showed relatively low level of genetic variation. Finally, the Neighbor Joining (NJ) trees based on RAPD markers data divided the populations into two different clusters, indicating their genetic difference which is discussed in details.
{"title":"Comparative study of genetic diversity using RAPD markers in Salvia (Lamiaceae)","authors":"Majid Khayyatnezhad, S. Shah","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1236","url":null,"abstract":"Salvia has a high degree of environmental compatibility and is widespread around the world, especially in tropical and temperate regions. It is represented by 61 species in Iran including 19 endemic species. Salvia species are mostly shrubs or subshrubs, occasionally herbs, typically perennial, sometimes biennial or annual, and often aromatic. The genus has high medicinal, commercial and horticultural value. It is the largest and one of the taxonomically complicated genus of Lamiaceae. To determine the genetic diversity and understand the species’ limits within the Iranian Salvia, we produced both morphological and molecular data using 145 randomly collected plants representing 30 species from 18 provinces of Iran. A total of 107 reproducible bands were generated by 10 of 25 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, with an average of 10.7 bands/primer and 44% polymorphism. Largest number of effective alleles (Ne), genetic diversity (H), and Shannon Index (I) were shown by S. reuterana. Our data depicted highest similarity between S. suffruticosa and S. hydrangea and lowest between S. aristata and S. oligphylla. Salvia limbata showed relatively low level of genetic variation. Finally, the Neighbor Joining (NJ) trees based on RAPD markers data divided the populations into two different clusters, indicating their genetic difference which is discussed in details.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79166604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India holds a significant rank in production and consumption of the age old protein rich crop Lentil with only one cultivated species and a large number of phenotypically similar cultivars. The need for a reliable and cost effective method of genetic characterization to unravel differences within the Lentil cultivars was felt. The present paper adopted EMA based chromosome preparation followed by staining with two contrasting fluorochromes dyes CMA and DAPI that bind directly to GC and AT rich heterochromatic segments on chromosomes. Analysis of fluorochrome banding pattern furnished a comparative account of genetic diversity within the cultivars that could not be achieved by traditional karyotyping. The marker pair of nucleolar chromosomes (4th and 3rd, majorly) occupied a pivotal position to intensify differences between cultivars in terms of banding patterns around secondary constrictions, suggestive of yet unknown variation in heterochromatin composition. Our study has strengthened genetic background and relationships of Lentil cultivars. We observed certain types of unusual fluorochrome bands that put forward the exclusivity of Indian germplasm and have questioned the mainstream heterochromatin elements of plant chromosomes captured by CMA-DAPI stains. The comprehensive fluorescent karyotypes of 30 L. culinaris cultivars prepared for the first time, serve as an archetype for the benefit of future breeding programmes in any Indian crop.
{"title":"Analysis of CMA-DAPI bands and preparation of fluorescent karyotypes in thirty Indian cultivars of Lens culinaris","authors":"T. Jha, B. Bhowmick, P. Roy","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-919","url":null,"abstract":"India holds a significant rank in production and consumption of the age old protein rich crop Lentil with only one cultivated species and a large number of phenotypically similar cultivars. The need for a reliable and cost effective method of genetic characterization to unravel differences within the Lentil cultivars was felt. The present paper adopted EMA based chromosome preparation followed by staining with two contrasting fluorochromes dyes CMA and DAPI that bind directly to GC and AT rich heterochromatic segments on chromosomes. Analysis of fluorochrome banding pattern furnished a comparative account of genetic diversity within the cultivars that could not be achieved by traditional karyotyping. The marker pair of nucleolar chromosomes (4th and 3rd, majorly) occupied a pivotal position to intensify differences between cultivars in terms of banding patterns around secondary constrictions, suggestive of yet unknown variation in heterochromatin composition. Our study has strengthened genetic background and relationships of Lentil cultivars. We observed certain types of unusual fluorochrome bands that put forward the exclusivity of Indian germplasm and have questioned the mainstream heterochromatin elements of plant chromosomes captured by CMA-DAPI stains. The comprehensive fluorescent karyotypes of 30 L. culinaris cultivars prepared for the first time, serve as an archetype for the benefit of future breeding programmes in any Indian crop. ","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74614357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1013
D. Akyıl
The objective of this study was to explore the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Napoleon 4EC pesticide used in Turkey to control insect pest by using two standard assays. The Allium cepa test was used for determined the cytotoxic effects of this pesticide. For this test, onion seeds were exposed to Napoleon 4EC (100, 200, and 400 ppm) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. For each test group root tip cells were stained with Feulgen and five slides were prepared for each concentration and counted microscopically. The concentrations Napoleon 4EC was compared with the value for the negative control using Dunnet-t test, 2 sided. The results indicated that mitotic index was clearly decreased with increasing the concentration of Napoleon 4EC in each treatment group as compared to the controls. The percentage of mitotic phases has been markedly impacted. Five different doses of the pesticide (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/plate) were examined with Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 with and without S9 metabolic activation for mutagenic activity. Ames test results showed a dose dependent effect, but not twice the negative control for S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, with or without S9 mix except 800 μg/plate doses. In 800 μg/plate doses, colony numbers are two-fold increase according to colony number of control group. So, this places the this compound as a weak mutagen according to the parameters.
{"title":"Mutagenic and Cytotoxic Activity of Insecticide Napoleon 4EC in Allium cepa and Ames Test","authors":"D. Akyıl","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1013","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to explore the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Napoleon 4EC pesticide used in Turkey to control insect pest by using two standard assays. The Allium cepa test was used for determined the cytotoxic effects of this pesticide. For this test, onion seeds were exposed to Napoleon 4EC (100, 200, and 400 ppm) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. For each test group root tip cells were stained with Feulgen and five slides were prepared for each concentration and counted microscopically. The concentrations Napoleon 4EC was compared with the value for the negative control using Dunnet-t test, 2 sided. The results indicated that mitotic index was clearly decreased with increasing the concentration of Napoleon 4EC in each treatment group as compared to the controls. The percentage of mitotic phases has been markedly impacted. Five different doses of the pesticide (50, 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/plate) were examined with Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 with and without S9 metabolic activation for mutagenic activity. Ames test results showed a dose dependent effect, but not twice the negative control for S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, with or without S9 mix except 800 μg/plate doses. In 800 μg/plate doses, colony numbers are two-fold increase according to colony number of control group. So, this places the this compound as a weak mutagen according to the parameters.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75656411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1091
Ferhan Korkmaz, Özgün Tuna Gülören, Meltem Erdi̇r, E. Ataşlar
In this study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Gypsophila perfoliata L. var. perfoliata, Gypsophila perfoliata L. var. araratica Kit Tan, Gypsophila pilosa Hudson and Gypsophila osmangaziensis Ataşlar & Ocak plant extracts have been examined by using Allium Test method. Methanol extracts of plants have been prepared in 4 different concentrations (0.625 mg/ml, 1.250 mg/ml, 2.500 mg/ml and 5.000 mg/ml). After the onion roots were treated at these concentrations of plant extracts for 24 hours and 48 hours, mitosis preparations were prepared from these root tips. With the data being obtained by evaluating the preparations, mitotic index (%) and chromosome aberration (%) values have been calculated. Distilled water has been used as control group. It was found out that mitotic index and chromosome aberration values of all species showed significant differences compared to control group in the extract concentration range of 1.250–5.000 mg/ml. It has been determined that the most widely observed chromosome aberrations were disturbed metaphase, sticky metaphase, c-metaphase, disturbed anaphase and anaphase bridge.
本研究采用葱试验法研究了细叶Gypsophila perfoliata L. var. perfoliata、细叶Gypsophila perfoliata L. var. araratica Kit Tan、细叶Gypsophila pilosa Hudson和细叶Gypsophila osmangaziensis ata & Ocak植物提取物的细胞毒和基因毒作用。以4种不同浓度(0.625 mg/ml、1.250 mg/ml、2.500 mg/ml和5.000 mg/ml)制备了植物甲醇提取物。在这些浓度的植物提取物处理洋葱根24小时和48小时后，从这些根尖制备有丝分裂制剂。根据评价所得数据，计算有丝分裂指数(%)和染色体畸变(%)值。以蒸馏水为对照组。结果表明，在提取液浓度为1.250 ~ 5.000 mg/ml范围内，各物种的有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变值均与对照组有显著差异。已确定最广泛观察到的染色体畸变是干扰中期、粘滞中期、c-中期、干扰后期和后期桥。
{"title":"Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Methanol Extracts of Some Gypsophila L. Species","authors":"Ferhan Korkmaz, Özgün Tuna Gülören, Meltem Erdi̇r, E. Ataşlar","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1091","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Gypsophila perfoliata L. var. perfoliata, Gypsophila perfoliata L. var. araratica Kit Tan, Gypsophila pilosa Hudson and Gypsophila osmangaziensis Ataşlar & Ocak plant extracts have been examined by using Allium Test method. Methanol extracts of plants have been prepared in 4 different concentrations (0.625 mg/ml, 1.250 mg/ml, 2.500 mg/ml and 5.000 mg/ml). After the onion roots were treated at these concentrations of plant extracts for 24 hours and 48 hours, mitosis preparations were prepared from these root tips. With the data being obtained by evaluating the preparations, mitotic index (%) and chromosome aberration (%) values have been calculated. Distilled water has been used as control group. It was found out that mitotic index and chromosome aberration values of all species showed significant differences compared to control group in the extract concentration range of 1.250–5.000 mg/ml. It has been determined that the most widely observed chromosome aberrations were disturbed metaphase, sticky metaphase, c-metaphase, disturbed anaphase and anaphase bridge.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73678118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Costa, Cassiane Furlan Lopes, Marcelo Santos de Souza, S. A. Barcellos, Pâmela Giordani Vielmo, R. J. Gunski, A. D. Garnero
Chromosomal rearrangements are an important process in the evolution of species. It is assumed that these rearrangements occur near repetitive sequences and heterochromatic regions. Avian karyotypes have diverse chromosomal band patterns and have been used as the parameters for phylogenetic studies. Although the group has a high diversity of species, no more than 12% has been analyzed cytogenetically, and the Parulidae family are extremely underrepresented in these studies. The aim of this study was to detect independent or simultaneous chromosomal rearrangements, and also to analyze chromosomal banding convergences and divergences of three Wood-Warblers species (Myiothlypis leucoblephara, Basileuterus culicivorus, and Setophaga pitiayumi). Our CBG-band results reveal an unusual W sex chromosome in the three studied species, containing a telomeric euchromatic region. The GTG and RBG bands identify specific regions in the macrochromosomes involved in the rearrangements. Cytogenetic data confirm the identification of speciation processes at the karyotypic of this group.
{"title":"Comparative cytogenetics in three species of Wood-Warblers (Aves: Passeriformes: Parulidae) reveal divergent banding patterns and chromatic heterogeneity for the W chromosome","authors":"A. Costa, Cassiane Furlan Lopes, Marcelo Santos de Souza, S. A. Barcellos, Pâmela Giordani Vielmo, R. J. Gunski, A. D. Garnero","doi":"10.36253/CARYOLOGIA-839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/CARYOLOGIA-839","url":null,"abstract":"Chromosomal rearrangements are an important process in the evolution of species. It is assumed that these rearrangements occur near repetitive sequences and heterochromatic regions. Avian karyotypes have diverse chromosomal band patterns and have been used as the parameters for phylogenetic studies. Although the group has a high diversity of species, no more than 12% has been analyzed cytogenetically, and the Parulidae family are extremely underrepresented in these studies. The aim of this study was to detect independent or simultaneous chromosomal rearrangements, and also to analyze chromosomal banding convergences and divergences of three Wood-Warblers species (Myiothlypis leucoblephara, Basileuterus culicivorus, and Setophaga pitiayumi). Our CBG-band results reveal an unusual W sex chromosome in the three studied species, containing a telomeric euchromatic region. The GTG and RBG bands identify specific regions in the macrochromosomes involved in the rearrangements. Cytogenetic data confirm the identification of speciation processes at the karyotypic of this group.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87340642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genome size is a helpful tool for circumscribing taxa at diverse taxonomic degrees (mostly species) and resolving intricate low-level taxonomies. The correct genome size in Hedera (Araliaceae) has long been discussed, and the ploidy levels of some taxa are still unclear. Twelve accessions of Hedera were measured via flow cytometry. Flow cytometry is a relatively rapid, inexpensive, and credible tool. Fresh leaves of Hedera samples and internal reference standard parsley (Petroselinum crispum) were stained with propidium iodide (PI). Flow cytometry measurements showed that for the accessions of 2CV (3.09 - 6.40 pg), the lowest amount of nuclear DNA was 3.09 pg for Hedera crebrescens (So), while the highest amount was 6.40 pg for H. hibernica “Hamilton,” representing a statistically significant difference. According to this study, the new taxon (H. crebrescens) is a diploid, though this taxon was previously considered H. hibernica (tetraploid).
{"title":"Ploidy level determination of Hedera (Araliaceae) with an emphasis on discussable species (Hedera hibernica)","authors":"Fahimeh Fallah, F. Ghahremaninejad","doi":"10.36253/CARYOLOGIA-881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/CARYOLOGIA-881","url":null,"abstract":"Genome size is a helpful tool for circumscribing taxa at diverse taxonomic degrees (mostly species) and resolving intricate low-level taxonomies. The correct genome size in Hedera (Araliaceae) has long been discussed, and the ploidy levels of some taxa are still unclear. Twelve accessions of Hedera were measured via flow cytometry. Flow cytometry is a relatively rapid, inexpensive, and credible tool. Fresh leaves of Hedera samples and internal reference standard parsley (Petroselinum crispum) were stained with propidium iodide (PI). Flow cytometry measurements showed that for the accessions of 2CV (3.09 - 6.40 pg), the lowest amount of nuclear DNA was 3.09 pg for Hedera crebrescens (So), while the highest amount was 6.40 pg for H. hibernica “Hamilton,” representing a statistically significant difference. According to this study, the new taxon (H. crebrescens) is a diploid, though this taxon was previously considered H. hibernica (tetraploid).","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80708815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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