In this study gynoecium, megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis and female gametophyte of Gladiolus italicus Miller were examined cytologically and histologically by using light microscopy techniques. Ovules of G. italicus are of anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate type. Embryo sac development is of monosporic Polygonum type. Polar nuclei fuse before fertilization to form a secondary nucleus near the antipodals. The female gametophyte development of G. italicus was investigated for the first time with this study.
{"title":"Development of Female Gametophyte in Gladiolus italicus Miller (Iridaceae)","authors":"Çiler Kartal, Nuran Ekici, Almina Kargacıoğlu, Hazal Nurcan Ağırman","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1082","url":null,"abstract":"In this study gynoecium, megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis and female gametophyte of Gladiolus italicus Miller were examined cytologically and histologically by using light microscopy techniques. Ovules of G. italicus are of anatropous, bitegmic and crassinucellate type. Embryo sac development is of monosporic Polygonum type. Polar nuclei fuse before fertilization to form a secondary nucleus near the antipodals. The female gametophyte development of G. italicus was investigated for the first time with this study.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"242 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76562102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1330
Jinxin Cheng, Dingyu Hu, Yaran Liu, Zetian Zhang, M. Khayatnezhad
Alcea L. is one of the largest genera of Malvaceae family with nearly 70 species worldwide mainly distributed in SW Asia. According to the latest revision of the family, it is represented by 34 species in the Flora of Iran, among them, 15 species are endemic. It is tough to accurate germplasm/ plant recognition by using morphological characteristics because of its propagation, growing and using. We conducted a molecular data analysis on these plant species due to their importance. We examined 156 plants from 14 species in 16 regions that were selected randomly for this investigation. It has been 119 polymorphic bands (94.33%) were resulted from 128 bands of 10 primers in amplification of genomic DNA. ISSR primers have a great capacity to detect polymorphic loci among Alcea species, as evidenced by the high average PIC and MI values found. The genetic similarity of 14 species was calculated and ranged between 0.635 to 0.990. Inter-Simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers research revealed that Alcea tarica Pakravan & Ghahreman and Alcea kopetdaghensis lljin had the least similarity, while Alcea semnanica Pakravan and Alcea mazandaranica Pakravan & Ghahreman had the most. The current study attempts to answer three questions: 1) can ISSR markers identify Alcea species? 2) what is the genetic structure of these taxa in Iran? and 3) what is the inter-relationship between these taxa? The current study discovered that ISSR markers can be used to identify species.
{"title":"Molecular identification and genetic relationships among Alcea (Malvaceae) species by ISSR Markers: A high value medicinal plant","authors":"Jinxin Cheng, Dingyu Hu, Yaran Liu, Zetian Zhang, M. Khayatnezhad","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1330","url":null,"abstract":"Alcea L. is one of the largest genera of Malvaceae family with nearly 70 species worldwide mainly distributed in SW Asia. According to the latest revision of the family, it is represented by 34 species in the Flora of Iran, among them, 15 species are endemic. It is tough to accurate germplasm/ plant recognition by using morphological characteristics because of its propagation, growing and using. We conducted a molecular data analysis on these plant species due to their importance. We examined 156 plants from 14 species in 16 regions that were selected randomly for this investigation. It has been 119 polymorphic bands (94.33%) were resulted from 128 bands of 10 primers in amplification of genomic DNA. ISSR primers have a great capacity to detect polymorphic loci among Alcea species, as evidenced by the high average PIC and MI values found. The genetic similarity of 14 species was calculated and ranged between 0.635 to 0.990. Inter-Simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers research revealed that Alcea tarica Pakravan & Ghahreman and Alcea kopetdaghensis lljin had the least similarity, while Alcea semnanica Pakravan and Alcea mazandaranica Pakravan & Ghahreman had the most. The current study attempts to answer three questions: 1) can ISSR markers identify Alcea species? 2) what is the genetic structure of these taxa in Iran? and 3) what is the inter-relationship between these taxa? The current study discovered that ISSR markers can be used to identify species.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86216486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1079
Bo-Yi Shi, M. Khayatnezhad, A. Shakoor
One of the most crucial aspects of biological diversity for conservation strategies is genetic diversity, particularly in rare and narrow endemic species. Our study is the first attempt to utilize SCoT markers to check the genetic diversity in Iran. We used 115 plant samples. Our objectives were 1) to check genetic diversity among Geranium species 2) Genetic structure of the Geranium 3) Do the Geranium species exchange genes? 4) To detect isolation by distance among the Geranium species. We used traditional morphological and molecular methods to assess genetic diversity and genetic structure in the Geranium species. A total of 129 amplified polymorphic bands were generated across 13 Geranium species. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 150 to 3000 bp. G. stepporum showed the highest values for the effective number of alleles (Ne = 1.30) and Shannon information index (I =0.35). Significant ANOVA results (P <0.01) showed differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. G. sylvaticum showed high genetic diversity. Mantel test showed a significant correlation (r = 0.17, p=0.0002) between genetic distance and geographical distance, so isolation by distance (IBD) occurred among the Geranium species. According to the SCoT markers analysis, G. kotschyi and G. dissectum had the lowest similarity, and the species of G. sylvaticum and G. pratense had the highest similarity. The present study revealed that a combination of morphological and SCoT methods could distinguish the species of Geranium.
{"title":"The interacting effects of genetic variation in Geranium subg. Geranium (Geraniaceae) using scot molecular markers","authors":"Bo-Yi Shi, M. Khayatnezhad, A. Shakoor","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1079","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most crucial aspects of biological diversity for conservation strategies is genetic diversity, particularly in rare and narrow endemic species. Our study is the first attempt to utilize SCoT markers to check the genetic diversity in Iran. We used 115 plant samples. Our objectives were 1) to check genetic diversity among Geranium species 2) Genetic structure of the Geranium 3) Do the Geranium species exchange genes? 4) To detect isolation by distance among the Geranium species. We used traditional morphological and molecular methods to assess genetic diversity and genetic structure in the Geranium species. A total of 129 amplified polymorphic bands were generated across 13 Geranium species. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 150 to 3000 bp. G. stepporum showed the highest values for the effective number of alleles (Ne = 1.30) and Shannon information index (I =0.35). Significant ANOVA results (P <0.01) showed differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. G. sylvaticum showed high genetic diversity. Mantel test showed a significant correlation (r = 0.17, p=0.0002) between genetic distance and geographical distance, so isolation by distance (IBD) occurred among the Geranium species. According to the SCoT markers analysis, G. kotschyi and G. dissectum had the lowest similarity, and the species of G. sylvaticum and G. pratense had the highest similarity. The present study revealed that a combination of morphological and SCoT methods could distinguish the species of Geranium.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86276498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-28DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1113
H. Dwivedi
Unreduced gametes are the key source for the natural polyploidization in plants, but process of its formation is very low in nature. Meiotic mutants are second source for the formation of 2n pollen. In this cytological investigation, the meiotic aberrations and its impact on post-meiotic products were analysed in autotetraploid Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (4n=36). The seedlings of T. ammi (L.) Sprague were treated with 3 different concentrations of colchicine (0.2, 0.4 and 0.5%, w/v) for 3 different durations. Six polyploid plants were induced which was confirmed on the basis of cytological analysis. Colchicine, an anti-microtubular drug induced different meiotic and post-meiotic abnormalities such as chromosomal bridges, lagging chromosomes, scattering, precocious, fragments, dyads, triads, and polyads. The formation of several abnormal sporads clearly signifies the meiotic restitution. The tendency of univalents to scattered in the cytoplasm at metaphase was identified as a peculiar aberration asynapsis. Pollen variability and fusion of pollen walls was reported and pollen fertility was calculated. The morphological analysis of the pollen allowed us to confirm the occurrence of 2n pollen.
未还原配子是植物自然多倍体化的关键来源，但其形成过程在自然界中是非常低的。减数分裂突变体是形成2n花粉的第二来源。本细胞学研究分析了同源四倍体羊尾草(Trachyspermum ammi, L.)减数分裂畸变及其对减数分裂后产物的影响。斯普拉格(4 n = 36)。棉蚜(T. ammi, L.)幼苗用3种不同浓度的秋水仙碱(0.2、0.4和0.5%，w/v)处理三种时间。通过细胞学分析，确定了6株多倍体植株。秋水仙碱是一种抗微管药物，可诱导不同的减数分裂和减数分裂后异常，如染色体桥、滞后染色体、散射、早熟、片段、二联体、三联体和多联体。几个异常孢子的形成清楚地表明减数分裂的恢复。在中期，单价体在细胞质中分散的趋势被认为是一种特殊的畸变。报道了花粉变异和花粉壁融合，并计算了花粉育性。花粉的形态分析使我们确认了2n花粉的存在。
{"title":"Colchicine induced manifestation of abnormal male meiosis and 2n pollen in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (Apiaceae)","authors":"H. Dwivedi","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1113","url":null,"abstract":"Unreduced gametes are the key source for the natural polyploidization in plants, but process of its formation is very low in nature. Meiotic mutants are second source for the formation of 2n pollen. In this cytological investigation, the meiotic aberrations and its impact on post-meiotic products were analysed in autotetraploid Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (4n=36). The seedlings of T. ammi (L.) Sprague were treated with 3 different concentrations of colchicine (0.2, 0.4 and 0.5%, w/v) for 3 different durations. Six polyploid plants were induced which was confirmed on the basis of cytological analysis. Colchicine, an anti-microtubular drug induced different meiotic and post-meiotic abnormalities such as chromosomal bridges, lagging chromosomes, scattering, precocious, fragments, dyads, triads, and polyads. The formation of several abnormal sporads clearly signifies the meiotic restitution. The tendency of univalents to scattered in the cytoplasm at metaphase was identified as a peculiar aberration asynapsis. Pollen variability and fusion of pollen walls was reported and pollen fertility was calculated. The morphological analysis of the pollen allowed us to confirm the occurrence of 2n pollen.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82228024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-28DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1122
D. Areshidze, Y. Kirillov, L. Makartseva, M. Kozlova, I. Chernov, E. Shtemplevskaya
The features of the diurnal dynamics of the area of rat hepatocyte nuclei and their ploidy were studied under conditions of a standart (fixed) light regime and constant illumination, as well as under chronic exposure to alcohol in the mentioned light regimes. It has been shown that exposure to alcohol and exposure to constant illumination separately lead to a change in the amplitude-phase characteristics of the circadian rhythm of the nucleus area, while the combined effect of these factors leads to a complete destruction of the rhythm, which indicates a violation of adaptation processes. An increase in the average ploidy of hepatocyte nuclei in chronic alcohol intoxication is also shown, while in animals kept under constant illumination without drinking alcohol, the values of this parameter decrease, which indicates a successful course of the adaptation process. The conducted research indicates that the results of karyometric and ploidometric analysis characterize the degree of influence of alcohol intoxication and changes in the light regime on the liver of rats, reflecting the rate of efficiency of adaptation to these factors.
{"title":"Influence of chronic alcoholic intoxication and lighting regime on karyometric and ploidometric parameters of hepatocytes of rats","authors":"D. Areshidze, Y. Kirillov, L. Makartseva, M. Kozlova, I. Chernov, E. Shtemplevskaya","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1122","url":null,"abstract":"The features of the diurnal dynamics of the area of rat hepatocyte nuclei and their ploidy were studied under conditions of a standart (fixed) light regime and constant illumination, as well as under chronic exposure to alcohol in the mentioned light regimes. It has been shown that exposure to alcohol and exposure to constant illumination separately lead to a change in the amplitude-phase characteristics of the circadian rhythm of the nucleus area, while the combined effect of these factors leads to a complete destruction of the rhythm, which indicates a violation of adaptation processes. An increase in the average ploidy of hepatocyte nuclei in chronic alcohol intoxication is also shown, while in animals kept under constant illumination without drinking alcohol, the values of this parameter decrease, which indicates a successful course of the adaptation process. The conducted research indicates that the results of karyometric and ploidometric analysis characterize the degree of influence of alcohol intoxication and changes in the light regime on the liver of rats, reflecting the rate of efficiency of adaptation to these factors.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76702822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1177
Peter Firbas
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the wastewater (WW), the effectiveness of the treatment used by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with sequential batch reactors (SBR) technology, and whether its final treated effluent (FTE) can compromise the water quality of the river at the location where it is discharged. We focused our research on six examples. For analytical chemistry and Allium metaphase (M) test all six samples were collected. Of these, three are so-called biotechnological patterns (WW, WW after mechanical step treatment and FTE), and three are natural riverine environmental patterns. For the micronucleus (MN) test, fish specimens were collected from three sites in the river Kamniška Bistrica. The first two sites locations are up and down the FTE outlet. Results from these areas were compared to the third site (not polluted) reference site, the so-called natural control group. Complementary study with analytical chemistry and biological tests shows that the treatment effect SBR in the Domžale–Kamnik central WWTP carried effectively proved to be efficient for the removal of the cytogenotoxic substances in treated effluent and consequently in aquatic environment.
{"title":"Chemistry analytical, fish micronuclei and onion chromosome damage for assessing treatment effect SBR in the Domžale–Kamnik central WWTP and quality of river Kamniška Bistrica","authors":"Peter Firbas","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1177","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the wastewater (WW), the effectiveness of the treatment used by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with sequential batch reactors (SBR) technology, and whether its final treated effluent (FTE) can compromise the water quality of the river at the location where it is discharged. We focused our research on six examples. For analytical chemistry and Allium metaphase (M) test all six samples were collected. Of these, three are so-called biotechnological patterns (WW, WW after mechanical step treatment and FTE), and three are natural riverine environmental patterns. For the micronucleus (MN) test, fish specimens were collected from three sites in the river Kamniška Bistrica. The first two sites locations are up and down the FTE outlet. Results from these areas were compared to the third site (not polluted) reference site, the so-called natural control group. Complementary study with analytical chemistry and biological tests shows that the treatment effect SBR in the Domžale–Kamnik central WWTP carried effectively proved to be efficient for the removal of the cytogenotoxic substances in treated effluent and consequently in aquatic environment.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83844045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1139
Pelin Yilmaz Sancar, S. Civelek, M. Kurşat
Artemisia is one of the biggest genera in the family Asteraceae, with around 500-600 taxa at specific and sub-specific levels and organised in five subgenera. Due to the high number of taxa, a lot taxonomists are trying to solve the problem of its classification and phylogeny but its natural classification still has not been achieved.The aim of this study is to try to solve the problematic systematic relationship between three different Artemisia species growing in close proximity to each other in the light of morphological, karyological and molecular data.The roots, stems, leaves, flowers structures of the plant samples collected from different populations belong to these species were investigated within the framework of morphological studies. Additionally, the chromosome counts and karyotype analysises of these species were made and idiograms were drawn in the karyological studies. In the context of phylogenetic studies, ITS and trn regions of 22 individuals belonging to 3 taxa were studied. It has been found that there is complete speciation genetic isolation mechanism between the species A. spicigera, A. taurica and A. fragrans that inhibit gene flow. A. fragrans and A. spicigera species are very similar to each other in terms of morphological characteristics. However, since populations of the species a fragrans are otopolyploid, the dimensional values of their morphological squares are larger than those of the species A. spicigera.This study is important as it is the first molecular based study relating with some species of Artemisia growing naturally in Turkey.
{"title":"Morphological, Karyological and Phylogenetic Analyses of three Artemisia species that Around the Van Lake in Turkey","authors":"Pelin Yilmaz Sancar, S. Civelek, M. Kurşat","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1139","url":null,"abstract":"Artemisia is one of the biggest genera in the family Asteraceae, with around 500-600 taxa at specific and sub-specific levels and organised in five subgenera. Due to the high number of taxa, a lot taxonomists are trying to solve the problem of its classification and phylogeny but its natural classification still has not been achieved.The aim of this study is to try to solve the problematic systematic relationship between three different Artemisia species growing in close proximity to each other in the light of morphological, karyological and molecular data.The roots, stems, leaves, flowers structures of the plant samples collected from different populations belong to these species were investigated within the framework of morphological studies. Additionally, the chromosome counts and karyotype analysises of these species were made and idiograms were drawn in the karyological studies. In the context of phylogenetic studies, ITS and trn regions of 22 individuals belonging to 3 taxa were studied. It has been found that there is complete speciation genetic isolation mechanism between the species A. spicigera, A. taurica and A. fragrans that inhibit gene flow. A. fragrans and A. spicigera species are very similar to each other in terms of morphological characteristics. However, since populations of the species a fragrans are otopolyploid, the dimensional values of their morphological squares are larger than those of the species A. spicigera.This study is important as it is the first molecular based study relating with some species of Artemisia growing naturally in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83164429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1120
Cynthia Aparecida Valiati Barreto, M. A. Peixoto, Késsia Leite de Souza, N. Travenzoli, Renato Neves Feio, Jorge Abdala Dergam
The genus Enyalius is composed of 10 described species inhabiting forest areas in Amozônia, Cerrado and Atlantic forest biomes. Currently, eight species with high levels of chromosome variation have been karyotyped. The study aims to characterize the karyotype of Enyalius boulengeri, with classical and molecular techniques, and improve knowledge about the karyotype evolution of the lizard genus Enyalius. The species has 2n = 36 chromosomes (8m + 4sm + 24mc), FN = 24; NORs and 18S rDNA were subtelomeric and located on chromosome pair 2. Repetitive DNA probes (CAT)10 accumulated on centromeric and terminal regions of some macrochromosomes. (GA)15 probe showed conspicuous accumulation on the pericentromeric region of chromosome pairs 1 and 6. Repetitive FISH patterns obtained with (GC)15 probe marked the pericentromeric region of the first chromosome pair. All probes showed accumulation in the microchromosomes. The chromosomal formula found on E. boulengeri has been considered the ancestral karyotype for pleurodont Iguania. The genus Enyalius is characterized by two distinctive chromosomal groups; one with highly conserved karyotypes, whereas the other is karyotypically diverse. Our molecular cytogenetics data are promising and will increase knowledge about the genus Enyalius chromosome evolution.
{"title":"Further insights on chromosomal evolution of the genus Enyalius with karyotype description of Enyalius boulengeri Etheridge, 1969 (Squamata, Leiosauridae)","authors":"Cynthia Aparecida Valiati Barreto, M. A. Peixoto, Késsia Leite de Souza, N. Travenzoli, Renato Neves Feio, Jorge Abdala Dergam","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1120","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Enyalius is composed of 10 described species inhabiting forest areas in Amozônia, Cerrado and Atlantic forest biomes. Currently, eight species with high levels of chromosome variation have been karyotyped. The study aims to characterize the karyotype of Enyalius boulengeri, with classical and molecular techniques, and improve knowledge about the karyotype evolution of the lizard genus Enyalius. The species has 2n = 36 chromosomes (8m + 4sm + 24mc), FN = 24; NORs and 18S rDNA were subtelomeric and located on chromosome pair 2. Repetitive DNA probes (CAT)10 accumulated on centromeric and terminal regions of some macrochromosomes. (GA)15 probe showed conspicuous accumulation on the pericentromeric region of chromosome pairs 1 and 6. Repetitive FISH patterns obtained with (GC)15 probe marked the pericentromeric region of the first chromosome pair. All probes showed accumulation in the microchromosomes. The chromosomal formula found on E. boulengeri has been considered the ancestral karyotype for pleurodont Iguania. The genus Enyalius is characterized by two distinctive chromosomal groups; one with highly conserved karyotypes, whereas the other is karyotypically diverse. Our molecular cytogenetics data are promising and will increase knowledge about the genus Enyalius chromosome evolution.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"347 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84857822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1081
Clara Viviana FRANCO FLOREZ, Sara Alejandra LIBERATO GUIO, Erika Patricia SANCHEZ BETANCOURT, Francy Liliana GARCÍA ARIAS, V. M. Núñez Zarantes
The cape gooseberry, Physalis peruviana L., is a crop that is transitioning from a semi-wild rural food source to becoming an international export commodity fruit deserving of greater attention from the scientific community, producers, policy makers and opinion makers. Despite its importance, the crop has serious technological development challenges, mainly associated with the limited supply of genetically improved materials for producers and consumers. In the present study, the level of ploidy of 100 genotypes of gooseberry from a working collection was determined by counting the number of chromosomes and chloroplasts, to include them in the breeding program. The number of chromosomes in dividing cells of root-tip meristems, as well as the number of chloroplasts per guard cell, from plants grown in vitro and ex vitro conditions were determined. Haploid with 24 chromosomes, doubled haploid-tetraploid with 48 chromosomes, aneuploid (44 and 49 chromosomes) and mixoploid genotypes with 36 to 86 chromosomes were found. The number of chloroplasts / cell guard ranged from 4-8, 6-16, 7-16 and 9-21 for the haploid, aneuploid, doubled haploid-tetraploid and mixoploid genotypes, respectively. Evidence of a high cytogenetic diversity in the evaluated genotypes.
{"title":"Cytogenetic and cytological analysis of advanced genetic material of cape gooseberry Physalis peruviana for use in plant breeding","authors":"Clara Viviana FRANCO FLOREZ, Sara Alejandra LIBERATO GUIO, Erika Patricia SANCHEZ BETANCOURT, Francy Liliana GARCÍA ARIAS, V. M. Núñez Zarantes","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1081","url":null,"abstract":"The cape gooseberry, Physalis peruviana L., is a crop that is transitioning from a semi-wild rural food source to becoming an international export commodity fruit deserving of greater attention from the scientific community, producers, policy makers and opinion makers. Despite its importance, the crop has serious technological development challenges, mainly associated with the limited supply of genetically improved materials for producers and consumers. In the present study, the level of ploidy of 100 genotypes of gooseberry from a working collection was determined by counting the number of chromosomes and chloroplasts, to include them in the breeding program. The number of chromosomes in dividing cells of root-tip meristems, as well as the number of chloroplasts per guard cell, from plants grown in vitro and ex vitro conditions were determined. Haploid with 24 chromosomes, doubled haploid-tetraploid with 48 chromosomes, aneuploid (44 and 49 chromosomes) and mixoploid genotypes with 36 to 86 chromosomes were found. The number of chloroplasts / cell guard ranged from 4-8, 6-16, 7-16 and 9-21 for the haploid, aneuploid, doubled haploid-tetraploid and mixoploid genotypes, respectively. Evidence of a high cytogenetic diversity in the evaluated genotypes.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80735117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1124
B. Yildirim, H. Genc, M. Açar, T. Çetin
In this study, statistical analysis was performed on mitotic metaphase chromosomes of 26 Lathyrus taxa, four of which are endemic. According to the findings obtained as a result of analysis, taxa close to each other were determined. Chromosome characteristics were revealed based on the arm lengths of taxa. Based on these, ANOVA, correlation analysis, PCA and cluster analysis were performed to determine the chromosomal relationships between taxa. Morphological similarities of plant taxa and chromosomal statistics results may not be always parallel to each other. According to Cluster Analysis, especially L. hirsutus - L. odoratus, L. brachypterus subsp. haussknechtii - L. phaselitanus, L. stenophyllus - L. chloranthus, L. gorgoni var. gorgoni, - L. nissolia - L. pratensis, L. tuberosus - L. annuus taxa are closely related.
在本研究中，对26个土藓属的有丝分裂中期染色体进行了统计分析，其中4个是地方性的。根据分析结果，确定了彼此接近的分类群。根据类群的臂长揭示了染色体特征。在此基础上，采用方差分析、相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析来确定各类群之间的染色体关系。植物分类群的形态相似性和染色体统计结果并不总是相互平行的。聚类分析结果表明，毛毛蛛-臭臭蛛，短翅蛛亚种。haussknechtii - L. phaselitanus, L. leophyllus - L. chloranthus, L. gorgoni, L. nissolia - L. pratensis, L. tuberosus - L. annuus是近亲缘关系。
{"title":"Statistical evaluation of chromosomes of some Lathyrus L. taxa growing in Turkey","authors":"B. Yildirim, H. Genc, M. Açar, T. Çetin","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1124","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, statistical analysis was performed on mitotic metaphase chromosomes of 26 Lathyrus taxa, four of which are endemic. According to the findings obtained as a result of analysis, taxa close to each other were determined. Chromosome characteristics were revealed based on the arm lengths of taxa. Based on these, ANOVA, correlation analysis, PCA and cluster analysis were performed to determine the chromosomal relationships between taxa. Morphological similarities of plant taxa and chromosomal statistics results may not be always parallel to each other. According to Cluster Analysis, especially L. hirsutus - L. odoratus, L. brachypterus subsp. haussknechtii - L. phaselitanus, L. stenophyllus - L. chloranthus, L. gorgoni var. gorgoni, - L. nissolia - L. pratensis, L. tuberosus - L. annuus taxa are closely related.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90865675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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