Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1560
M. Sheidai, Mohammad Mohebi Anabat, F. Koohdar, Z. Noormohammadi
The genus Crocus L. of Iridaceae family contains about 160 species and is considered as a complex group of plant taxa with regard to evolutionary and phylogenetic events. Inter-specific hybridization and gene flow contribute to species genetic homogeneity in one hand and high within species genetic variability and species genetic content overlaps caused species resolution a problem. In spite of extensive molecular phylogenetic studies in this genus, nothing is known about DNA sequences or Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are of adaptive nature. Moreover, nothing is known about which geographical or environmental factors plays role in species local adaptation and speciation events within Crocus L. genus. Therefore, the present study was conducted to answer the above said questions. We used a combined molecular data set of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) nuclear gene and trnL-F intergenic spacer (trnL-F) sequences of chloroplast genome. A multiple analytical method of Canonical correlation (CCA), Redundency analysis (RDA), and Latent Factor Mixed Model (LFMM)identified a few potential adaptive SNPs. Moreover, population criterions like Tajimas’ D, molecular clock test, as well as skyline-plot revealed a smooth and continuous genetic changes for most of the Crocus species, but the occurrence of a sudden deep nucleotide substitution for Crocus taxa of Iran. The impact of latitude was significantly higher on nucleotide changes compared to that of longitudinal distribution of Crocus species.
{"title":"Identifying potential adaptive SNPs within combined DNA sequences in Genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae family): A multiple analytical approach","authors":"M. Sheidai, Mohammad Mohebi Anabat, F. Koohdar, Z. Noormohammadi","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1560","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Crocus L. of Iridaceae family contains about 160 species and is considered as a complex group of plant taxa with regard to evolutionary and phylogenetic events. Inter-specific hybridization and gene flow contribute to species genetic homogeneity in one hand and high within species genetic variability and species genetic content overlaps caused species resolution a problem. In spite of extensive molecular phylogenetic studies in this genus, nothing is known about DNA sequences or Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are of adaptive nature. Moreover, nothing is known about which geographical or environmental factors plays role in species local adaptation and speciation events within Crocus L. genus. Therefore, the present study was conducted to answer the above said questions. We used a combined molecular data set of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) nuclear gene and trnL-F intergenic spacer (trnL-F) sequences of chloroplast genome. A multiple analytical method of Canonical correlation (CCA), Redundency analysis (RDA), and Latent Factor Mixed Model (LFMM)identified a few potential adaptive SNPs. Moreover, population criterions like Tajimas’ D, molecular clock test, as well as skyline-plot revealed a smooth and continuous genetic changes for most of the Crocus species, but the occurrence of a sudden deep nucleotide substitution for Crocus taxa of Iran. The impact of latitude was significantly higher on nucleotide changes compared to that of longitudinal distribution of Crocus species.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90923982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1774
Denisa Manolescu, Georgiana Uță, A. Șuțan, C. Ducu, A. Din, S. Moga, D. Negrea, A. Biță, L. Bejenaru, C. Bejenaru, S. Avram
In this study we targeted the noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs) biogenic synthesis capacity of two medicinal species with therapeutic potential, namely Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) and Salvia officinalis L. (sage), cultivated in Romania. Plant material was extracted by maceration, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). Bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (BFSTEM-EDS) techniques were used in order to investigate particles shape, dispersion and chemical elemental analysis. The total polyphenol content for both simple extracts and nanostructured mixtures was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Identification and quantification of secondary metabolites of M. officinalis and S. officinalis were performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The Allium assay was used to evaluate the potential cytogenotoxic activity, for both simple and nanostructured phytochemical complexes, in the case of S. officinalis L. species being performed for the first time. Spherical shaped MNPs with diameters of about 20 nm were biosynthesised in lemon balm extracts. Larger AuNPs were phytosynthesized in sage extract obtained by UAE. Compared to the simple extracts, the antioxidant capacity as well as the amount of total polyphenols in the nanostructured extracts decreased, substantiating the involvement of bioorganic material in the reduction of metal ions. Low frequency of chromosomal aberrations corresponding to crude extracts and extracts supplemented with MNPs, suggest the cytoprotective, antigenotoxic, and safe use of these plant species as potential therapeutic forms in various diseases.
{"title":"Biogenic synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles using Melissa officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L. extracts and evaluation of their biosafety potential","authors":"Denisa Manolescu, Georgiana Uță, A. Șuțan, C. Ducu, A. Din, S. Moga, D. Negrea, A. Biță, L. Bejenaru, C. Bejenaru, S. Avram","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1774","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we targeted the noble metal nanoparticles (MNPs) biogenic synthesis capacity of two medicinal species with therapeutic potential, namely Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) and Salvia officinalis L. (sage), cultivated in Romania. Plant material was extracted by maceration, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). Bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (BFSTEM-EDS) techniques were used in order to investigate particles shape, dispersion and chemical elemental analysis. The total polyphenol content for both simple extracts and nanostructured mixtures was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Identification and quantification of secondary metabolites of M. officinalis and S. officinalis were performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The Allium assay was used to evaluate the potential cytogenotoxic activity, for both simple and nanostructured phytochemical complexes, in the case of S. officinalis L. species being performed for the first time. Spherical shaped MNPs with diameters of about 20 nm were biosynthesised in lemon balm extracts. Larger AuNPs were phytosynthesized in sage extract obtained by UAE. Compared to the simple extracts, the antioxidant capacity as well as the amount of total polyphenols in the nanostructured extracts decreased, substantiating the involvement of bioorganic material in the reduction of metal ions. Low frequency of chromosomal aberrations corresponding to crude extracts and extracts supplemented with MNPs, suggest the cytoprotective, antigenotoxic, and safe use of these plant species as potential therapeutic forms in various diseases.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87927405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1611
A. Cius, LM Barbosa, AC Prizon, CH Zawadzki, LA Borin-Carvalho, F. Porto, Alb Portela-Castro
Species of Rineloricaria demonstrate an interesting evolutionary history from a cytogenetic point of view, due to the occurrence of extensive variation in diploid number (2n=36 -70 chromosomes), with Robertsonian rearrangements mostly responsible for this karyotypic diversity. In this study we present the karyotypic data for a population of Rineloricaria pentamaculata, collected in the Itiz stream, a tributary of the Paraná River Basin (Paraná, Brazil), which exhibited 2n=56 chromosomes distributed in 8m/sm+48st/a (number fundamental equal to 64) and simple NOR system revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe, silver nitrate and positive C band, located on the first submetacentric chromosome pair (pair 5). In addition, the NOR pair showed a size heteromorphism for this region, rich in GC composition (positive CMA3). Clusters of 5S rDNA were located in 14 chromosomes and the FISH with a telomeric probe was used to map possible evidence of chromosomal fusions, however, it showed only telomeric sites. These results corroborate the data for the species R. pentamaculata and the genus Rineloricaria, showing that they are similar to most of the populations analyzed. About the cytogenetic data of R. pentamaculata, we reaffirm that most populations were conserved, but in those with derived characteristics, Robertsonian chromosomal rearrangements probably contributed to the karyotypic evolution of the group.
{"title":"Contributions of species Rineloricaria pentamaculata (Loricariidae:Loricariinae) in a karyoevolutionary context","authors":"A. Cius, LM Barbosa, AC Prizon, CH Zawadzki, LA Borin-Carvalho, F. Porto, Alb Portela-Castro","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1611","url":null,"abstract":"Species of Rineloricaria demonstrate an interesting evolutionary history from a cytogenetic point of view, due to the occurrence of extensive variation in diploid number (2n=36 -70 chromosomes), with Robertsonian rearrangements mostly responsible for this karyotypic diversity. In this study we present the karyotypic data for a population of Rineloricaria pentamaculata, collected in the Itiz stream, a tributary of the Paraná River Basin (Paraná, Brazil), which exhibited 2n=56 chromosomes distributed in 8m/sm+48st/a (number fundamental equal to 64) and simple NOR system revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA probe, silver nitrate and positive C band, located on the first submetacentric chromosome pair (pair 5). In addition, the NOR pair showed a size heteromorphism for this region, rich in GC composition (positive CMA3). Clusters of 5S rDNA were located in 14 chromosomes and the FISH with a telomeric probe was used to map possible evidence of chromosomal fusions, however, it showed only telomeric sites. These results corroborate the data for the species R. pentamaculata and the genus Rineloricaria, showing that they are similar to most of the populations analyzed. About the cytogenetic data of R. pentamaculata, we reaffirm that most populations were conserved, but in those with derived characteristics, Robertsonian chromosomal rearrangements probably contributed to the karyotypic evolution of the group.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85784111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1780
Z. Noormohammadi, M. Sheidai, S. Marashi, S. Saboori, N. Moradi, Samaneh Naftchi, Faezeh Rostami
Sex determination of date palm seedlings is the challengeable effort for breeders. Different studies based on molecular markers and genome sequencing have provided some insight in to the genetic regions related to sex determination in date palms in general. But due to differences in cultivar population structure and also cost of whole genome sequencing, we may need a more suitable approach in developing countries for this task. Therefore, we suggest using a combination of different available molecular markers and a computational approach to identify the genetic regions involved in sex differentiation in date palm cultivars. In this study we used twenty-three cultivars including 7 male and 16 female cultivars that were examined by 30 different dominant and co-dominant molecular markers which deal with different genomic regions. Grouping of the tree samples based on 178 loci resulted in genetic differentiation of the studied male and female palm trees. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) bi-plot also showed genetic difference within male and female trees. Heatmap plot specified those markers which differentiate date palm trees. SSR (simple sequence repeats) and IRAP (inter retrotransposon amplified polymorphism) markers provided sex linked markers for male cultivars. In present study, we introduced sex specific alleles for Iranian male date palm cultivars as a fast track in seedlings. Different association studies performed identified the candidate genetic regions which are significantly associated with sex differentiation in date palm cultivars.
{"title":"Identification of genetic regions associated with sex determination in date palm: A computational approach","authors":"Z. Noormohammadi, M. Sheidai, S. Marashi, S. Saboori, N. Moradi, Samaneh Naftchi, Faezeh Rostami","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1780","url":null,"abstract":"Sex determination of date palm seedlings is the challengeable effort for breeders. Different studies based on molecular markers and genome sequencing have provided some insight in to the genetic regions related to sex determination in date palms in general. But due to differences in cultivar population structure and also cost of whole genome sequencing, we may need a more suitable approach in developing countries for this task. Therefore, we suggest using a combination of different available molecular markers and a computational approach to identify the genetic regions involved in sex differentiation in date palm cultivars. In this study we used twenty-three cultivars including 7 male and 16 female cultivars that were examined by 30 different dominant and co-dominant molecular markers which deal with different genomic regions. Grouping of the tree samples based on 178 loci resulted in genetic differentiation of the studied male and female palm trees. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) bi-plot also showed genetic difference within male and female trees. Heatmap plot specified those markers which differentiate date palm trees. SSR (simple sequence repeats) and IRAP (inter retrotransposon amplified polymorphism) markers provided sex linked markers for male cultivars. In present study, we introduced sex specific alleles for Iranian male date palm cultivars as a fast track in seedlings. Different association studies performed identified the candidate genetic regions which are significantly associated with sex differentiation in date palm cultivars.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76607910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1804
E. Falistocco
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (2n=22) is an herbaceous species native to the Mediterranean region and naturalized in many temperate areas around the world. It includes subsp. piperitum and subsp. vulgare which are, respectively, the wild and cultivated forms. Fennel is of economic importance both as a vegetable crop and for its wide use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In recent years, the therapeutic and pharmacological potential of this species has been widely analyzed, its cytogenetic traits have aroused less interest. Therefore, the intention of this study was to reduce this gap by investigating some aspects, such as the variations in its chromosome number and the occurrence of polyploidization events, so far neglected. By means of extensive chromosome counting, the presence of tetraploid cytotypes has been discovered both in the wild and cultivated fennel. Moreover, the analysis of pollen and PMCs at the tetrad stage provided evidence for spontaneous sexual polyploidization as the most probable origin of the tetraploid cytotypes discovered. The results of this study provide the first evidence of the occurrence of polyploidization events in F. vulgare and suggest that the use of 2n gametes could be a useful approach to genetic improvement of this crop.
{"title":"Polyploid cytotypes and formation of unreduced male gametes in wild and cultivated fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)","authors":"E. Falistocco","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1804","url":null,"abstract":"Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (2n=22) is an herbaceous species native to the Mediterranean region and naturalized in many temperate areas around the world. It includes subsp. piperitum and subsp. vulgare which are, respectively, the wild and cultivated forms. Fennel is of economic importance both as a vegetable crop and for its wide use in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In recent years, the therapeutic and pharmacological potential of this species has been widely analyzed, its cytogenetic traits have aroused less interest. Therefore, the intention of this study was to reduce this gap by investigating some aspects, such as the variations in its chromosome number and the occurrence of polyploidization events, so far neglected. By means of extensive chromosome counting, the presence of tetraploid cytotypes has been discovered both in the wild and cultivated fennel. Moreover, the analysis of pollen and PMCs at the tetrad stage provided evidence for spontaneous sexual polyploidization as the most probable origin of the tetraploid cytotypes discovered. The results of this study provide the first evidence of the occurrence of polyploidization events in F. vulgare and suggest that the use of 2n gametes could be a useful approach to genetic improvement of this crop.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83423139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1895
S. Siddiqui, S. Alrumman
Methomyl is a carbamate pesticide that is frequently applied to crops all over the world. This research aims to evaluate the Pisum sativum L mitotic process and potential genotoxicity. The Cell Proliferation Kinetics (CPK) frequencies demonstrated changes in kinetics of mitotic process, and study of Mitotic Index (MI) demonstrated that methomyl had cytotoxic properties. In fact, the telophases ratio dropped at 0.1% to 0.5% methomyl treatment, while there was an increase in prophases, metaphases, and anaphases from 0.1% to 0.5% in a dose dependent manner. In terms of genotoxicity, methomyl cause an increase in the frequency of clastogenic and aneugenic chromosomal abnormalities at metaphase-anaphase at 0.1% to 0.5%. The effects on the mitotic spindle were further confirmed by an increase in the frequencies of c-mitosis from 0.1 to 0.5% methomyl treatment. The outcome of the current analysis indicates that regularly used insecticides methomyl has a considerable cytotoxic effect on mitotic cells of Pisum sativum L.
{"title":"Methomyl has clastogenic and aneugenic effects and alters the mitotic kinetics in Pisum sativum L.","authors":"S. Siddiqui, S. Alrumman","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1895","url":null,"abstract":"Methomyl is a carbamate pesticide that is frequently applied to crops all over the world. This research aims to evaluate the Pisum sativum L mitotic process and potential genotoxicity. The Cell Proliferation Kinetics (CPK) frequencies demonstrated changes in kinetics of mitotic process, and study of Mitotic Index (MI) demonstrated that methomyl had cytotoxic properties. In fact, the telophases ratio dropped at 0.1% to 0.5% methomyl treatment, while there was an increase in prophases, metaphases, and anaphases from 0.1% to 0.5% in a dose dependent manner. In terms of genotoxicity, methomyl cause an increase in the frequency of clastogenic and aneugenic chromosomal abnormalities at metaphase-anaphase at 0.1% to 0.5%. The effects on the mitotic spindle were further confirmed by an increase in the frequencies of c-mitosis from 0.1 to 0.5% methomyl treatment. The outcome of the current analysis indicates that regularly used insecticides methomyl has a considerable cytotoxic effect on mitotic cells of Pisum sativum L.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89594162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1660
Esra Kavcı, E. Martin, H. Eroğlu, F. Yıldırım
The genus Satureja belonging to the Lamiaceae family includes about 200 species, generally aromatic, distributed in the Mediterranean basin. In genus Satureja, the chromosomal data were reported from only 26 species. In this study, it is aimed to eliminate the deficiencies in the chromosomal data of Satureja species, which are distributed in Turkey, which is center of origin and diversity of the genus Satureja. It was reported only one chromosome number (2n = 30), the first report for chromosome numbers of three taxa, the same chromosome count (excluding B-chromosomes) with previous report in only one species, and the new chromosome number in only one species. In conclusion, this study presented new data into the chromosomal records of genus Satureja that might be useful for interpreting or understanding relationships among the species. In addition, dysploidy and polyploidy variations might probably have played an important role in speciation. In this regard, the results contributed to some missing data in Satureja cytotaxonomy.
{"title":"Chromosome number of some Satureja species from Turkey","authors":"Esra Kavcı, E. Martin, H. Eroğlu, F. Yıldırım","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1660","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Satureja belonging to the Lamiaceae family includes about 200 species, generally aromatic, distributed in the Mediterranean basin. In genus Satureja, the chromosomal data were reported from only 26 species. In this study, it is aimed to eliminate the deficiencies in the chromosomal data of Satureja species, which are distributed in Turkey, which is center of origin and diversity of the genus Satureja. It was reported only one chromosome number (2n = 30), the first report for chromosome numbers of three taxa, the same chromosome count (excluding B-chromosomes) with previous report in only one species, and the new chromosome number in only one species. In conclusion, this study presented new data into the chromosomal records of genus Satureja that might be useful for interpreting or understanding relationships among the species. In addition, dysploidy and polyploidy variations might probably have played an important role in speciation. In this regard, the results contributed to some missing data in Satureja cytotaxonomy.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87751088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1791
S. Tabur, Naime Büyükkaya Bayraktar, Serkan Özmen
The objective of the present study was to with all details explain of the efficiency of L-ascorbic acid (L-AsA) also known as vitamin C on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by salt stress in the barley apical meristems. As a result of the statistical analysis salt stress caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in mitotic index of barley seeds depending on concentration increase, while the frequency of chromosomal aberration (CA) increased. In addition, it was determined that mitotic index value was decreased by 46% with 1 μM L-AsA supplementation as compared to control and chromosomal abnormalities were increased by 8.96% as well as. However, in the case of simultaneously application of 1 μM L-AsA and different salt concentrations, the high salt concentrations exhibited an excellent success according to low salt concentrations in alleviating the mitodepressive effect of salt stress. Moreover, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the root meristem cells of those seeds with 1 μM L-AsA supplementation germinated at different salt concentrations was substantially reduced compared to own control group (alone 1 μM L-AsA pretreatment). The 1 μM L-AsA pretreatment at the highest salt concentration (at 0.40 M) was showed an excellent success by reducing the frequency of the chromosomal aberrations by approximately 90 %. Different salt concentrations and/or 1 μM L-AsA supplementation caused micronuclei and granulation as well as various chromosomal aberrations in prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
{"title":"L-Ascorbic acid modulates the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of salinity in barley meristem cells by regulating mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations","authors":"S. Tabur, Naime Büyükkaya Bayraktar, Serkan Özmen","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1791","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to with all details explain of the efficiency of L-ascorbic acid (L-AsA) also known as vitamin C on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by salt stress in the barley apical meristems. As a result of the statistical analysis salt stress caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in mitotic index of barley seeds depending on concentration increase, while the frequency of chromosomal aberration (CA) increased. In addition, it was determined that mitotic index value was decreased by 46% with 1 μM L-AsA supplementation as compared to control and chromosomal abnormalities were increased by 8.96% as well as. However, in the case of simultaneously application of 1 μM L-AsA and different salt concentrations, the high salt concentrations exhibited an excellent success according to low salt concentrations in alleviating the mitodepressive effect of salt stress. Moreover, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the root meristem cells of those seeds with 1 μM L-AsA supplementation germinated at different salt concentrations was substantially reduced compared to own control group (alone 1 μM L-AsA pretreatment). The 1 μM L-AsA pretreatment at the highest salt concentration (at 0.40 M) was showed an excellent success by reducing the frequency of the chromosomal aberrations by approximately 90 %. Different salt concentrations and/or 1 μM L-AsA supplementation caused micronuclei and granulation as well as various chromosomal aberrations in prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83695916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1571
M. Pharmawati, N. N. Wirasiti, L. Wrasiati
Several environmental pollutants can cause damage to chromosomes, one of which is the heavy metal NiNO3. Some plant extracts have antigenotoxic properties that result in a decrease in chromosomal damage. Member of flowering plants that need to be tested is seagrass. One seagrass species is Enhalus acoroides which was found to contain phytochemical compounds. This study aimed to analyse the genotoxic effect and the potential of encapsulated E. acoroides leaf extract as antigenotoxic against nickel nitrate NiNO3. The extraction was conducted using a mixture of chloroform and ethanol, and crude extract encapsulated using maltodextrin and tween 80. Chromosomal aberrations were evaluated using the squash technique of Allium cepa var. aggregatum root tips. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Evans Blue staining were used to observe mitochondrial and apoptotic activities. The results showed that at higher concentrations (250 ppm and 500 ppm), the encapsulated E. acoroides extract decreased mitotic indices; however, no chromosome aberration observed. NiNO3 itself induced a genotoxic effect as observed by low mitotic index and a high percentage of chromosome aberration. The modulation of NiNO3 effect by adding the encapsulated E. acoroides extract at low concentration (100 ppm) increased mitotic index compared to treatment with Ni alone, but did not reduce chromosome aberration. Simultaneous encapsulated E. acoroides extract and Ni treatment, significantly reduced nuclear fragmentation and nuclear lesion. The encapsulated E. acoroides extract can repair several types of nuclear damage but cannot minimise chromosomal damage.
{"title":"Genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of encapsulated Enhalus acoroides (L. f.) Royle leaves extract against nickel nitrate","authors":"M. Pharmawati, N. N. Wirasiti, L. Wrasiati","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1571","url":null,"abstract":"Several environmental pollutants can cause damage to chromosomes, one of which is the heavy metal NiNO3. Some plant extracts have antigenotoxic properties that result in a decrease in chromosomal damage. Member of flowering plants that need to be tested is seagrass. One seagrass species is Enhalus acoroides which was found to contain phytochemical compounds. This study aimed to analyse the genotoxic effect and the potential of encapsulated E. acoroides leaf extract as antigenotoxic against nickel nitrate NiNO3. The extraction was conducted using a mixture of chloroform and ethanol, and crude extract encapsulated using maltodextrin and tween 80. Chromosomal aberrations were evaluated using the squash technique of Allium cepa var. aggregatum root tips. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Evans Blue staining were used to observe mitochondrial and apoptotic activities. The results showed that at higher concentrations (250 ppm and 500 ppm), the encapsulated E. acoroides extract decreased mitotic indices; however, no chromosome aberration observed. NiNO3 itself induced a genotoxic effect as observed by low mitotic index and a high percentage of chromosome aberration. The modulation of NiNO3 effect by adding the encapsulated E. acoroides extract at low concentration (100 ppm) increased mitotic index compared to treatment with Ni alone, but did not reduce chromosome aberration. Simultaneous encapsulated E. acoroides extract and Ni treatment, significantly reduced nuclear fragmentation and nuclear lesion. The encapsulated E. acoroides extract can repair several types of nuclear damage but cannot minimise chromosomal damage.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90868804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1562
M. Açar, Neslihan Ta?ar
This study performed statistical analyses based on chromosome micromorphology of 18 Centaurea taxa, two of which are endemic. ANOVA, Correlation analysis, Discriminant analysis and Cluster analysis were performed to determine the relationships between taxa based on chromosomal features. In addition, according to the data obtained from these analyses, the relationships between taxa and sections were tried to be interpreted. As a result of the analyses, the taxa C. drabifolia Sm. floccosa (Boiss.) Wagenitz & Greuter, C. kotschyi (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek var. floccosa (Boiss.) Wagenitz and C. behen L. and C. polypodiifolia Boiss pseudobehen (Boiss.) Wagenitz were located close to each other. These taxa are located in the same sections in the morphological classification. Besides, in the Discriminant analysis, the taxa of Acrocentron, Microlophus, Cheirolepis sections were closely located compared to all other taxa. However, results were not seen to cover all taxa of the sections. This study revealed various chromosomal characteristics of some Centaurea taxa distributed in the Eastern Anatolia. It also performed statistical analyses on these data. While determining the relationships between taxa according to chromosomal characteristics, comparing chromosomal formulas and indices collectively and evaluating the relationships was found to be relatively consistent with morphological classification.
{"title":"A statistical overview to the chromosome characteristics of some Centaurea L. taxa distributed in the Eastern Anatolia (Turkey)","authors":"M. Açar, Neslihan Ta?ar","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1562","url":null,"abstract":"This study performed statistical analyses based on chromosome micromorphology of 18 Centaurea taxa, two of which are endemic. ANOVA, Correlation analysis, Discriminant analysis and Cluster analysis were performed to determine the relationships between taxa based on chromosomal features. In addition, according to the data obtained from these analyses, the relationships between taxa and sections were tried to be interpreted. As a result of the analyses, the taxa C. drabifolia Sm. floccosa (Boiss.) Wagenitz & Greuter, C. kotschyi (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek var. floccosa (Boiss.) Wagenitz and C. behen L. and C. polypodiifolia Boiss pseudobehen (Boiss.) Wagenitz were located close to each other. These taxa are located in the same sections in the morphological classification. Besides, in the Discriminant analysis, the taxa of Acrocentron, Microlophus, Cheirolepis sections were closely located compared to all other taxa. However, results were not seen to cover all taxa of the sections. This study revealed various chromosomal characteristics of some Centaurea taxa distributed in the Eastern Anatolia. It also performed statistical analyses on these data. While determining the relationships between taxa according to chromosomal characteristics, comparing chromosomal formulas and indices collectively and evaluating the relationships was found to be relatively consistent with morphological classification.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80675216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：