Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-2036
Sazada Siddiqui
Phenthoate is an organothiophosphate insecticide. Effect of phenthoate on the cytogenetic alterations in root tip cells of Pisum sativum L., a multiuse crop was investigated in this study. Pisum sativum L. seeds were exposed to different concentrations of phenthoate (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%) and were germinated at 24°C for 72 hours and cytogenetic alterations were assessed. Analysis of mitotic index revealed that phenthoate has cytotoxic attributes, and cell proliferation kinetics frequencies showed alterations in the kinetics of the mitotic process. Phenthoate treatment of 0.1% to 0.5% resulted in an increase in the metaphases, and a reduction in prophases, anaphases, and telophases ratio, dose dependently. The findings of the study reveal that, phenthoate reduced the percentage of seed germination, mitotic index, radicle length and increased chromosomal abnormalities dose dependently. Root tip cells of Pisum sativum L. seeds treated with phenthoate showed an increased occurrence of single and double bridges, fragments, stickiness, laggard, and vagrants.
{"title":"Phenthoate toxicity evaluation in root meristem of Pisum sativum L.","authors":"Sazada Siddiqui","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2036","url":null,"abstract":"Phenthoate is an organothiophosphate insecticide. Effect of phenthoate on the cytogenetic alterations in root tip cells of Pisum sativum L., a multiuse crop was investigated in this study. Pisum sativum L. seeds were exposed to different concentrations of phenthoate (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5%) and were germinated at 24°C for 72 hours and cytogenetic alterations were assessed. Analysis of mitotic index revealed that phenthoate has cytotoxic attributes, and cell proliferation kinetics frequencies showed alterations in the kinetics of the mitotic process. Phenthoate treatment of 0.1% to 0.5% resulted in an increase in the metaphases, and a reduction in prophases, anaphases, and telophases ratio, dose dependently. The findings of the study reveal that, phenthoate reduced the percentage of seed germination, mitotic index, radicle length and increased chromosomal abnormalities dose dependently. Root tip cells of Pisum sativum L. seeds treated with phenthoate showed an increased occurrence of single and double bridges, fragments, stickiness, laggard, and vagrants.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We conducted the present study on seven important medicinal species of Achillea (in a total of 28 populations) in their natural habitats. The results indicated that the populations had a base number (x= 9) and the diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploidy levels were observed. In addition to the inter-species diversity, there was the intra-species genetic diversity as A. millefolium (4x, 6x), A. vermicularis (2x, 4x), A. tenuifolia (2x, 4x), A. Aleppica (2x), A. talagonica (2x), A. biebersteinii, and A. wilhelmsii (4x). Furthermore, studies also indicated that 11 out of 28 populations had 1A symmetry, 15 populations had 2B symmetry, a population had 2A, and another population had 2B. Cluster analysis of cytogenetic variables could differentiate only the species of A. aleppica, A. talagonica and A. wilhelmsii but others could not separate differences between species appropriately, probably due to the superiority of intra-species diversity of populations to inter-species diversity. Furthermore, we found %TF and DRL are useful parameters for differentiating intrachromosomal variation of species.
{"title":"A karyomorphological comparison of seven species of Achillea L. from Kurdistan of Iran","authors":"Fatemeh Nezhadi, Farzad Fayaz, Ezzat Karami, Hooshmand Safari, Abdol Rahman Rahimi","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1988","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted the present study on seven important medicinal species of Achillea (in a total of 28 populations) in their natural habitats. The results indicated that the populations had a base number (x= 9) and the diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploidy levels were observed. In addition to the inter-species diversity, there was the intra-species genetic diversity as A. millefolium (4x, 6x), A. vermicularis (2x, 4x), A. tenuifolia (2x, 4x), A. Aleppica (2x), A. talagonica (2x), A. biebersteinii, and A. wilhelmsii (4x). Furthermore, studies also indicated that 11 out of 28 populations had 1A symmetry, 15 populations had 2B symmetry, a population had 2A, and another population had 2B. Cluster analysis of cytogenetic variables could differentiate only the species of A. aleppica, A. talagonica and A. wilhelmsii but others could not separate differences between species appropriately, probably due to the superiority of intra-species diversity of populations to inter-species diversity. Furthermore, we found %TF and DRL are useful parameters for differentiating intrachromosomal variation of species.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chromosome number and karyomorphology of two subspecies of the Anthemis maritima complex collected from two different coastal localities in the Skikda region (northeastern Algeria) are reported in this study: Anthemis maritima subsp. maritima, which is common throughout the Mediterranean, and A. maritima subsp. bolosii, a strict Algerian endemic recently rediscovered after 100 years of disappearance. The Feulgen staining method indicated that Anthemis maritima subsp. maritima is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=36 chromosomes (2n=11m+3sm+4st), and Anthemis maritima subsp. bolosii is a diploid with 2n=2x=18 chromosomes (2n=4m+3sm+2st). Both taxa have symmetrical karyotypes, 2A and 1A, respectively, according to Stebbins classification. These findings are novel for both the subspecies Anthemis maritima subsp. bolosii and the Algerian population of Anthemis maritima subsp. maritima.
{"title":"Karyomorphology of two subspecies of Anthemis maritima (Asteraceae) from Algeria","authors":"Meryem Nassar, Nora Sakhraoui, Gianniantonio Domina","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2084","url":null,"abstract":"The chromosome number and karyomorphology of two subspecies of the Anthemis maritima complex collected from two different coastal localities in the Skikda region (northeastern Algeria) are reported in this study: Anthemis maritima subsp. maritima, which is common throughout the Mediterranean, and A. maritima subsp. bolosii, a strict Algerian endemic recently rediscovered after 100 years of disappearance. The Feulgen staining method indicated that Anthemis maritima subsp. maritima is a tetraploid with 2n=4x=36 chromosomes (2n=11m+3sm+4st), and Anthemis maritima subsp. bolosii is a diploid with 2n=2x=18 chromosomes (2n=4m+3sm+2st). Both taxa have symmetrical karyotypes, 2A and 1A, respectively, according to Stebbins classification. These findings are novel for both the subspecies Anthemis maritima subsp. bolosii and the Algerian population of Anthemis maritima subsp. maritima.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-2145
Mauricio Barros Fernandes, Jamille De Araújo Bitencourt, Joandson Calixto dos Santos, José Henrique Galdino, Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello Affonso
Tetragonopterus is a taxonomically complex genus in Characidae, being currently represented by nine species according to integrative approaches. One of them, T. franciscoensis was recently validated in rivers from northeastern Brazil. Even though molecular and morphological data have been collected in Tetragonopterus, the cytogenetic analyses in this group are scarce despite of the role of chromosomal variation in speciation. Herein, we present the first detailed karyotypic study in T. franciscoensis along with a comparative analysis with published cytogenetic data in characin fish. All specimens shared 2n=52 distributed in 12 metacentric (m), 12 submetacentric (sm), and 28 subtelocentric/acrocentric (st/a) chromosomes for both sexes as well as single nucleolus organizer regions on short arms of pair 8 and several GC-rich sites. The mapping of telomeric sequences (TTAGGG)n revealed no telomeric interstitial signals. While subtle cytogenetic differences were observed between samples from northeastern basins in Brazil, corroborating a recent genetic divergence, distinct karyotypes were detected in relation to congeneric taxa from other Brazilian regions. Therefore, the origin of large biarmed pairs in species with low 2n values should be related to occurrence of centric fusions.
{"title":"Cytogenetic analysis in Tetragonopterus franciscoensis (Characiformes): another piece to the karyoevolutionary puzzle of tetra fishes","authors":"Mauricio Barros Fernandes, Jamille De Araújo Bitencourt, Joandson Calixto dos Santos, José Henrique Galdino, Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello Affonso","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2145","url":null,"abstract":"Tetragonopterus is a taxonomically complex genus in Characidae, being currently represented by nine species according to integrative approaches. One of them, T. franciscoensis was recently validated in rivers from northeastern Brazil. Even though molecular and morphological data have been collected in Tetragonopterus, the cytogenetic analyses in this group are scarce despite of the role of chromosomal variation in speciation. Herein, we present the first detailed karyotypic study in T. franciscoensis along with a comparative analysis with published cytogenetic data in characin fish. All specimens shared 2n=52 distributed in 12 metacentric (m), 12 submetacentric (sm), and 28 subtelocentric/acrocentric (st/a) chromosomes for both sexes as well as single nucleolus organizer regions on short arms of pair 8 and several GC-rich sites. The mapping of telomeric sequences (TTAGGG)n revealed no telomeric interstitial signals. While subtle cytogenetic differences were observed between samples from northeastern basins in Brazil, corroborating a recent genetic divergence, distinct karyotypes were detected in relation to congeneric taxa from other Brazilian regions. Therefore, the origin of large biarmed pairs in species with low 2n values should be related to occurrence of centric fusions.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1982
Sevgi Unal-Karakus, Muhammet Gaffaroglu, Muradiye Karasu-Ayata
The genus Capoeta is an important taxon covering a wide distribution in Türkiye. However, only a few genetic studies on Capoeta species reported from Türkiye. There is no cytogenetical study in Capoeta aydinensis Turan, Küçük, Kaya, Güçlü & Bektaş, 2017, Capoeta bergamae Karaman, 1969, Capoeta erhani Turan, Kottelat & Ekmekçi, 2008 and Capoeta pestai (Pietschmann, 1933). Thus, in this study, we karyotyped through classical cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa staining, Ag-NORs, and C-banding) the four endemic Capoeta species. The diploid chromosome number invariably was 150 in the four species. However, chromosome morphologies in the karyotypes had some differences between them. The number of biarmed chromosomes in the karyotypes was higher in all studied species. Their karyotypes contained respectively: 54 metacentric, 42 submetacentric and 54 subtelo-acrocentric in C. aydinensis, 56 metacentric, 30 submetacentric and 64 subtelo-acrocentric in C. bergamae, 50 metacentric, 42 submetacentric and 58 subtelo-acrocentric in C. erhani and 44 metacentric, 40 submetacentric and 66 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes in C. pestai. C-bands were on the pericentromeres of most chromosomes in the four species. Three chromosome pairs carry rDNA genes in all studied species. The chromosomal locations of these sites were varied between the species. This study provides new insights into the chromosomal data of the hexaploid cyprinids. Moreover, obtained cytogenetic results should be conclude the cytotaxonomy of the genus Capoeta that distributed in Türkiye.
{"title":"Comparative cytogenetics of four endemic Capoeta (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) species from Anatolia, Türkiye","authors":"Sevgi Unal-Karakus, Muhammet Gaffaroglu, Muradiye Karasu-Ayata","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1982","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Capoeta is an important taxon covering a wide distribution in Türkiye. However, only a few genetic studies on Capoeta species reported from Türkiye. There is no cytogenetical study in Capoeta aydinensis Turan, Küçük, Kaya, Güçlü & Bektaş, 2017, Capoeta bergamae Karaman, 1969, Capoeta erhani Turan, Kottelat & Ekmekçi, 2008 and Capoeta pestai (Pietschmann, 1933). Thus, in this study, we karyotyped through classical cytogenetic techniques (Giemsa staining, Ag-NORs, and C-banding) the four endemic Capoeta species. The diploid chromosome number invariably was 150 in the four species. However, chromosome morphologies in the karyotypes had some differences between them. The number of biarmed chromosomes in the karyotypes was higher in all studied species. Their karyotypes contained respectively: 54 metacentric, 42 submetacentric and 54 subtelo-acrocentric in C. aydinensis, 56 metacentric, 30 submetacentric and 64 subtelo-acrocentric in C. bergamae, 50 metacentric, 42 submetacentric and 58 subtelo-acrocentric in C. erhani and 44 metacentric, 40 submetacentric and 66 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes in C. pestai. C-bands were on the pericentromeres of most chromosomes in the four species. Three chromosome pairs carry rDNA genes in all studied species. The chromosomal locations of these sites were varied between the species. This study provides new insights into the chromosomal data of the hexaploid cyprinids. Moreover, obtained cytogenetic results should be conclude the cytotaxonomy of the genus Capoeta that distributed in Türkiye.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-2006
Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman, Berna Yakar
Forchlorfenuron (FCF, also known as CPPU), which belongs to the group of phenylurea cytokinins, is one of the most widely used synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) worldwide. Although FCF plays a crucial role in cellular growth and differentiation by promoting cell division in plants, it disrupts higher-order septin assembly in other eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Despite its widespread use, no study has been found investigating the genotoxic effects of this synthetic PGR on humans. Hence, this investigation was designed to examine the potential cyto-genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of FCF on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and mitotic index (MI) endpoints. The whole blood cultures were treated with 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 µg/ml concentrations of a commercial form of FCF. According to the results, FCF significantly enhanced the percentage of cells containing structural CAs at the concentrations of 1.00 and 2.00 µg/ml for both treatment times (24 and 48 h), in comparison to the negative control (P<0.05). Besides, in cultures exposed to FCF concentrations of 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 µg/ml, the total CA/cell ratio was significantly higher (P<0.05). In addition, FCF was found to have cytotoxic activity on human PBLs at all treatments (except for the lowest concentration at 24 h) by significantly reducing the MI compared to the negative control (P<0.05). The findings of this investigation indicate the first time that a commercial formulation of FCF (0.50-2.00 µg/ml) may have genotoxic and cytotoxic potential on human lymphocytes.
{"title":"Genotoxicity of a synthetic plant growth regulator, Forchlorfenuron (CPPU), on human lymphocytes using chromosome aberration assay","authors":"Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman, Berna Yakar","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2006","url":null,"abstract":"Forchlorfenuron (FCF, also known as CPPU), which belongs to the group of phenylurea cytokinins, is one of the most widely used synthetic plant growth regulators (PGRs) worldwide. Although FCF plays a crucial role in cellular growth and differentiation by promoting cell division in plants, it disrupts higher-order septin assembly in other eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Despite its widespread use, no study has been found investigating the genotoxic effects of this synthetic PGR on humans. Hence, this investigation was designed to examine the potential cyto-genotoxicity of a commercial formulation of FCF on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and mitotic index (MI) endpoints. The whole blood cultures were treated with 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 µg/ml concentrations of a commercial form of FCF. According to the results, FCF significantly enhanced the percentage of cells containing structural CAs at the concentrations of 1.00 and 2.00 µg/ml for both treatment times (24 and 48 h), in comparison to the negative control (P<0.05). Besides, in cultures exposed to FCF concentrations of 0.50, 1.00, and 2.00 µg/ml, the total CA/cell ratio was significantly higher (P<0.05). In addition, FCF was found to have cytotoxic activity on human PBLs at all treatments (except for the lowest concentration at 24 h) by significantly reducing the MI compared to the negative control (P<0.05). The findings of this investigation indicate the first time that a commercial formulation of FCF (0.50-2.00 µg/ml) may have genotoxic and cytotoxic potential on human lymphocytes.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1904
Shivali Verma, Irfan I. Sofi, Aijaz H. Ganie, Manzoor A. Shah, Namrata Sharma
Eremurus persicus (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. (Asphodelaceae); a little known species of genus Eremurus grows in arid and semi-arid regions, on rocky mountains in Central Asia and Middle East. The species is native and an important medicinal plant used to treat various diseases. In the current study, we examined male meiosis, karyotypic variability, pollen viability and reproductive output of three populations of the target species. All the studied populations have diploid chromosome count of 2n = 2x =14. Meiotic course in majority of the pollen mother cells (PMCs) in all the three populations is not normal due to the presence of desynapsis at diplotene and metaphase-I. Instead of 7IIs most of the PMCs examined reveal varying number of bivalents and univalents. Anaphasic segregation is also affected in few PMCs. Present study also revealed that the species has asymmetric karyotype of 10 long and 4 short chromosomes. Species exhibits fruit abortion that results in extremely low fruit/seed set. The meiotic abnormalities and low fruit/seed set may be attributed to restricted distribution of this important plant species. Present study may prove helpful in devising the conservation and management strategies for this prized plant species.
{"title":"Incidence and frequency of desynapsis in Eremurus persicus (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss.(Asphodelaceae) – A native and important medicinal plant species of Western Himalaya","authors":"Shivali Verma, Irfan I. Sofi, Aijaz H. Ganie, Manzoor A. Shah, Namrata Sharma","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1904","url":null,"abstract":"Eremurus persicus (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss. (Asphodelaceae); a little known species of genus Eremurus grows in arid and semi-arid regions, on rocky mountains in Central Asia and Middle East. The species is native and an important medicinal plant used to treat various diseases. In the current study, we examined male meiosis, karyotypic variability, pollen viability and reproductive output of three populations of the target species. All the studied populations have diploid chromosome count of 2n = 2x =14. Meiotic course in majority of the pollen mother cells (PMCs) in all the three populations is not normal due to the presence of desynapsis at diplotene and metaphase-I. Instead of 7IIs most of the PMCs examined reveal varying number of bivalents and univalents. Anaphasic segregation is also affected in few PMCs. Present study also revealed that the species has asymmetric karyotype of 10 long and 4 short chromosomes. Species exhibits fruit abortion that results in extremely low fruit/seed set. The meiotic abnormalities and low fruit/seed set may be attributed to restricted distribution of this important plant species. Present study may prove helpful in devising the conservation and management strategies for this prized plant species.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-2103
Esra Martin, Metin Armağan, Halil Erhan Eroğlu, Aslı Doğru-Koca, Osman Tugay, Golshan Zare, Osman Kola, Mahmut Miski, Nur Tan, Ernst Vitek
The genus Gundelia is currently represented with 18 species, of which 16 are in Turkey. In genus Gundelia, the chromosomal data were reported from 12 species. In the present study, it is aimed to eliminate the deficiencies in the knowledge about chromosomal data of Gundelia species. In Genus Gundelia, only a single chromosome number had been detected as 2n=18 so far. The chromosome numbers of four species were reported here for the first time: G. armeniaca, G. cappadocica, G. siirtica, and G. tehranica. In addition, the polyploidy in the genus was rare and G. anatolica was identified as the first polyploid species. All karyotypes except G. tehranica were symmetrical, consisting of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. Secondary constrictions were observed in the distal regions of the long arms of the longest metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. Thus, the chromosomal data of all Turkish Gundelia species were completed. In conclusion, the present study presented new data into the karyological records relating the karyotype evolution and interspecific relations of genus Gundelia.
{"title":"New chromosomal data, karyotype asymmetry and polyploid variations of some Gundelia (Asteraceae) species from Turkey","authors":"Esra Martin, Metin Armağan, Halil Erhan Eroğlu, Aslı Doğru-Koca, Osman Tugay, Golshan Zare, Osman Kola, Mahmut Miski, Nur Tan, Ernst Vitek","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2103","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Gundelia is currently represented with 18 species, of which 16 are in Turkey. In genus Gundelia, the chromosomal data were reported from 12 species. In the present study, it is aimed to eliminate the deficiencies in the knowledge about chromosomal data of Gundelia species. In Genus Gundelia, only a single chromosome number had been detected as 2n=18 so far. The chromosome numbers of four species were reported here for the first time: G. armeniaca, G. cappadocica, G. siirtica, and G. tehranica. In addition, the polyploidy in the genus was rare and G. anatolica was identified as the first polyploid species. All karyotypes except G. tehranica were symmetrical, consisting of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. Secondary constrictions were observed in the distal regions of the long arms of the longest metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. Thus, the chromosomal data of all Turkish Gundelia species were completed. In conclusion, the present study presented new data into the karyological records relating the karyotype evolution and interspecific relations of genus Gundelia.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-2132
Lejla Husić, Adisa Parić, Aner Mesic
Origanum vulgare L. has been proven to be the strongest herbal antiseptic in the world, native to the Mediterranean region, but is widely naturalized elsewhere in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. This study aimed to estimate the phytotoxic effect of three different concentrations of oregano essential oil (O. vulgare) on three selected plant species namely, wheat, tomato and mint using biotest germination and effects on seedling growth, as well as its toxicological properties using Allium test. Our results revealed that oregano essential oil exhibits allelopathic effect on selected species. All three tested concentrations of oregano essential oil caused a significant inhibition of Allium cepa L. root growth, as well as a reduction in the mitotic index values in A. cepa meristem cells. O. vulgare essential oil demonstrated phytotoxic and antiproliferative effects. Further research is needed to confirm our results.
{"title":"Allelopathic and toxicological effects of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil","authors":"Lejla Husić, Adisa Parić, Aner Mesic","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-2132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-2132","url":null,"abstract":"Origanum vulgare L. has been proven to be the strongest herbal antiseptic in the world, native to the Mediterranean region, but is widely naturalized elsewhere in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. This study aimed to estimate the phytotoxic effect of three different concentrations of oregano essential oil (O. vulgare) on three selected plant species namely, wheat, tomato and mint using biotest germination and effects on seedling growth, as well as its toxicological properties using Allium test. Our results revealed that oregano essential oil exhibits allelopathic effect on selected species. All three tested concentrations of oregano essential oil caused a significant inhibition of Allium cepa L. root growth, as well as a reduction in the mitotic index values in A. cepa meristem cells. O. vulgare essential oil demonstrated phytotoxic and antiproliferative effects. Further research is needed to confirm our results.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1580
Funmilola Mabel Ojo, Chinyere Constance Nwokeocha, Julius Olaoye Faluyi
The studies were carried on accessions of the Andropogon gayanus-Andropogon tectorum complex (Poaceae) in southwestern Nigeria to determine the chromosome numbers and meiotic dynamics in the species. This involves meiotic chromosome and pollen studies using standard procedures. Studies on the morphology and meiotic behaviour of collections of A. gayanus (2n = 40) and A. tectorum (2n = 20, 40) have been made. The cytogenetic studies show that the chromosome configuration of A. gayanus is a tetraploid (2n = 40) on a basic chromosome number of 10. A. tectorum occurs as a regular diploid on a chromosome number of 2n = 20 and it is the only species found in Ekiti State. Accession “Kiwani” was found to be a polyploid. A. tectorum with a chromosome number of 2n = 40. This study has also established the stability of the genome of the Andropogon complex. In spite of the occurrence of univalent and multiple associations, meiosis ensures a high percentage of pollen grains. The pollens of accession “Kiwani” (> 35 µm) were generally larger than those of other accessions while the other accessions of both A. gayanus and A. tectorum have modal pollen sizes less than 35 µm, although the A. tectorum accessions were generally smaller. The study concluded that the occurrence of the tetraploid (2n = 40 in accession AT10, “Kiwani” can be attributed to apomixis occurring in a lonely plant.
{"title":"Cytogenetic studies in the Andropogon gayanus-Andropogon tectorum Complex in Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Funmilola Mabel Ojo, Chinyere Constance Nwokeocha, Julius Olaoye Faluyi","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1580","url":null,"abstract":"The studies were carried on accessions of the Andropogon gayanus-Andropogon tectorum complex (Poaceae) in southwestern Nigeria to determine the chromosome numbers and meiotic dynamics in the species. This involves meiotic chromosome and pollen studies using standard procedures. Studies on the morphology and meiotic behaviour of collections of A. gayanus (2n = 40) and A. tectorum (2n = 20, 40) have been made. The cytogenetic studies show that the chromosome configuration of A. gayanus is a tetraploid (2n = 40) on a basic chromosome number of 10. A. tectorum occurs as a regular diploid on a chromosome number of 2n = 20 and it is the only species found in Ekiti State. Accession “Kiwani” was found to be a polyploid. A. tectorum with a chromosome number of 2n = 40. This study has also established the stability of the genome of the Andropogon complex. In spite of the occurrence of univalent and multiple associations, meiosis ensures a high percentage of pollen grains. The pollens of accession “Kiwani” (> 35 µm) were generally larger than those of other accessions while the other accessions of both A. gayanus and A. tectorum have modal pollen sizes less than 35 µm, although the A. tectorum accessions were generally smaller. The study concluded that the occurrence of the tetraploid (2n = 40 in accession AT10, “Kiwani” can be attributed to apomixis occurring in a lonely plant.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：