Pistachio genetic variety includes a wide range of female variations and male genotypes, and Iran is regarded as one of the critical sites for this diversity in the world. The genus Pistacia consists of eleven species that only have edible nuts and are commercially important. Four important species of pistachios include Pistacia vera, P. khinjuk Stocks, P. eurycarpa Yalt. (P. atlantica subsp. Kurdica Zoh.), and P. atlantica Dsef are found in Iran. Genetic diversity is one aspect of biological diversity that is extremely important for conservation strategies, especially in rare and narrowly endemic species. In Iran, there is no knowledge concerning the genomic organization of the population, genetic diversity, or phenotypic variations of the species. Pistacia khinjuk has eight distinct regional populations, all of which were studied for genetic variation and demographic organization because of the species’ therapeutic value. For this reason, we employed six inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) indicators and 15 mixed IRAP indicators to highlight genomic variation in this plant both within and across populations in this study. It was discovered that 73% of overall genomic variability was related to within-population variety and 27% was attributable to inter-population genomic divergence using the AMOVA test among the examined populations (PhiPT = 0.49, P = 0.010). It was discovered by the Mantel analysis that there was a substantial positive association between genomic isolation and geographic distance among the tested populations. STRUCTURE analyses and population assignment tests revealed some degree of gene flow among these populations. There was consistency between the MDS plots of communities and the NJ grouping of molecular information. Based on (IRAP) indicators, these findings demonstrated that regional communities of the plant Pistacia khinjuk are well distinct.
开心果遗传品种包括广泛的雌性变异和雄性基因型，伊朗被认为是世界上这种多样性的关键地点之一。开心果属由11个品种组成，只有可食用的坚果，具有重要的商业价值。开心果的四种重要品种包括开心果、开心果、开心果。大西洋亚种;Kurdica Zoh.)和P. atlantica Dsef发现于伊朗。遗传多样性是生物多样性的一个方面，对保护策略非常重要，特别是在稀有和狭义特有物种中。在伊朗，没有关于种群的基因组组织、遗传多样性或物种表型变异的知识。黄连木有8个不同的区域种群，由于该物种的治疗价值，对其进行了遗传变异和种群结构的研究。因此，在本研究中，我们使用了6个逆转录转座子间扩增多态性(IRAP)指标和15个混合IRAP指标来突出该植物群体内和群体间的基因组变异。利用AMOVA检验发现，73%的总体基因组变异与种群内变异有关，27%归因于种群间基因组差异(PhiPT = 0.49, P = 0.010)。曼特尔分析发现，在被测人群中，基因组隔离与地理距离之间存在显著的正相关。结构分析和群体分配测试表明，这些群体之间存在一定程度的基因流动。群落的MDS图与分子信息的NJ分组具有一致性。基于(IRAP)指标，这些结果表明黄连木的区域群落具有明显的差异性。
{"title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity and Gene-Pool of Pistacia khinjuk Stocks Based On Retrotransposon-Based Markers","authors":"Qin Zhao, Zitong Guo, Minxing Gao, Wenbo Wang, Lingling Dou, S. Rashid","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1540","url":null,"abstract":"Pistachio genetic variety includes a wide range of female variations and male genotypes, and Iran is regarded as one of the critical sites for this diversity in the world. The genus Pistacia consists of eleven species that only have edible nuts and are commercially important. Four important species of pistachios include Pistacia vera, P. khinjuk Stocks, P. eurycarpa Yalt. (P. atlantica subsp. Kurdica Zoh.), and P. atlantica Dsef are found in Iran. Genetic diversity is one aspect of biological diversity that is extremely important for conservation strategies, especially in rare and narrowly endemic species. In Iran, there is no knowledge concerning the genomic organization of the population, genetic diversity, or phenotypic variations of the species. Pistacia khinjuk has eight distinct regional populations, all of which were studied for genetic variation and demographic organization because of the species’ therapeutic value. For this reason, we employed six inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) indicators and 15 mixed IRAP indicators to highlight genomic variation in this plant both within and across populations in this study. It was discovered that 73% of overall genomic variability was related to within-population variety and 27% was attributable to inter-population genomic divergence using the AMOVA test among the examined populations (PhiPT = 0.49, P = 0.010). It was discovered by the Mantel analysis that there was a substantial positive association between genomic isolation and geographic distance among the tested populations. STRUCTURE analyses and population assignment tests revealed some degree of gene flow among these populations. There was consistency between the MDS plots of communities and the NJ grouping of molecular information. Based on (IRAP) indicators, these findings demonstrated that regional communities of the plant Pistacia khinjuk are well distinct.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79333639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1310
Ting-Ting Liu, Shuangshuang Zhang, Yonghe Hao, Xiao Liang, M. Farshadfar
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is the only cultivated and commercially important species in the genus Pistacia, consisting of a deciduous, dioeciously and wind-pollinated at least 11 tree species. Pistacia vera is native to north Afghanistan, northeast Iran, and central Asian republics. To investigate the genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera), we genotyped 30 cultivars of this species using 10 Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. The SCoT markers generated 9-25 alleles (155 in total) with an average of 16 per locus. The highest value of percentage polymorphism (61.99%) was observed in Ghafori Rafsanjan (cultivars No.27) which shows high value for gene diversity (0.42) and Shanon, information index (0.39). Genotype Shahpasand (Pust Ghermez) (No.10) has the lowest value for percentage of polymorphism (20%) and the lowest value for Shanon, information index (0.15), and He (0.010). Genetic similarity values obtained from Dice’s coefficient ranged from 0.66 (between Akbari (Pust Ghermez) and Badami Dishkalaghi) to 0.88 (between populations Menghar Kalaghi and Kaleghochi (Pust Ghermez). The main objectives of this study were to assess the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of pistachio cultivars in Iran. These results could benefit Irainian pistachio germplasm collection, conservation and future breeding.
{"title":"Genome survey of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) accessions revealed by Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers","authors":"Ting-Ting Liu, Shuangshuang Zhang, Yonghe Hao, Xiao Liang, M. Farshadfar","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1310","url":null,"abstract":"Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is the only cultivated and commercially important species in the genus Pistacia, consisting of a deciduous, dioeciously and wind-pollinated at least 11 tree species. Pistacia vera is native to north Afghanistan, northeast Iran, and central Asian republics. To investigate the genetic diversity of pistachio (Pistacia vera), we genotyped 30 cultivars of this species using 10 Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. The SCoT markers generated 9-25 alleles (155 in total) with an average of 16 per locus. The highest value of percentage polymorphism (61.99%) was observed in Ghafori Rafsanjan (cultivars No.27) which shows high value for gene diversity (0.42) and Shanon, information index (0.39). Genotype Shahpasand (Pust Ghermez) (No.10) has the lowest value for percentage of polymorphism (20%) and the lowest value for Shanon, information index (0.15), and He (0.010). Genetic similarity values obtained from Dice’s coefficient ranged from 0.66 (between Akbari (Pust Ghermez) and Badami Dishkalaghi) to 0.88 (between populations Menghar Kalaghi and Kaleghochi (Pust Ghermez). The main objectives of this study were to assess the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of pistachio cultivars in Iran. These results could benefit Irainian pistachio germplasm collection, conservation and future breeding.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"30 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90578053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1358
Sanjayan Kumar, Asikho Kiso
Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. distributed well in Eastern Himalayan region, fourteen genotypes collected randomly from Kigwema village, Kohima (Nagaland) at an average altitude of 1538 masl (meter above sea level) with 25.61°N latitude and 94.35°E longitudes. Somatic chromosome numbers are diploid in nature. Chromosome numbers are in agreement and comparable with earlier reports except 2n=2x=22. The chromosome number 2n=2x=22 could not be traced out in the present material collected for study. Two (2) new chromosome numbers 2n=2x=32 and 2n=4x=52 were recorded and expected to be diploid and tetraploid in nature respectively. It was expected that tetraploid (2n=4x=52) number of chromosome might be originated from the earlier reports of diploid chromosome number 2n=2x=26. Both chromosome numbers 2n=2x=32 and 2n=4x=52 are reported for the first time by the authors in the present study. Range of chromosome length was recorded in between 0.501 – 1.343. The range of chromosome length are in agreement with earlier reports of 0.700 – 0.900 approximately. Range of chromosome length suggested minute (<1µm) and small (1-3µm) size of chromosomes with small differences and variations in chromosome length (CVCL). Inter-chromosomal indices (A2 and Rec), intra-chromosomal index (particularly, Stebbin’s classification) and both inter and intra chromosomal indices (DI and GI) estimated symmetric nature of the karyotype.
{"title":"New reports of somatic chromosome number and symmetric or asymmetric karyotype estimation of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Cucurbitaceae)","authors":"Sanjayan Kumar, Asikho Kiso","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1358","url":null,"abstract":"Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. distributed well in Eastern Himalayan region, fourteen genotypes collected randomly from Kigwema village, Kohima (Nagaland) at an average altitude of 1538 masl (meter above sea level) with 25.61°N latitude and 94.35°E longitudes. Somatic chromosome numbers are diploid in nature. Chromosome numbers are in agreement and comparable with earlier reports except 2n=2x=22. The chromosome number 2n=2x=22 could not be traced out in the present material collected for study. Two (2) new chromosome numbers 2n=2x=32 and 2n=4x=52 were recorded and expected to be diploid and tetraploid in nature respectively. It was expected that tetraploid (2n=4x=52) number of chromosome might be originated from the earlier reports of diploid chromosome number 2n=2x=26. Both chromosome numbers 2n=2x=32 and 2n=4x=52 are reported for the first time by the authors in the present study. Range of chromosome length was recorded in between 0.501 – 1.343. The range of chromosome length are in agreement with earlier reports of 0.700 – 0.900 approximately. Range of chromosome length suggested minute (<1µm) and small (1-3µm) size of chromosomes with small differences and variations in chromosome length (CVCL). Inter-chromosomal indices (A2 and Rec), intra-chromosomal index (particularly, Stebbin’s classification) and both inter and intra chromosomal indices (DI and GI) estimated symmetric nature of the karyotype.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81721189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1362
A. I. Bazaz, I. Ahmad, T. H. Shah, Nafath-ul Arab
Cytogenetics is the diagnostic study of chromosomal structure and properties, as well as cell division, using a variety of methods, one of which is “karyotyping.” It refers to a method of photographing a stained preparation in which the chromosomes are organised in a uniform pattern. The advent of modern techniques such as “karyotyping” has made it feasible to visualize undetected chromosomal abnormalities such as short chromosome segments and chromosome translocations. Because such techniques enabled each pair of chromosomes to be identified separately, they have further aided our understanding of the chromosomal basis of a certain significant genetic diseases. Every organism has its own unique karyotype, which is defined by its number and shape. Karyotypic variation, on the other hand, occurs in different individuals of the same species, as well as between different species. Monitoring cytogenetic data of economically significant fishes as well as threatened fishes can hold importance of the succeeding generations. This review article highlights the variation in the chromosomal number & classification, methods of chromosome preparation and karyotypic analysis of various fish species of India with a special reference to fishes of Kashmir Himalayas.
{"title":"Karyomorphometric analysis of fresh water fish species of India, with special reference to cold water fishes of Kashmir Himalayas. A Mini Review","authors":"A. I. Bazaz, I. Ahmad, T. H. Shah, Nafath-ul Arab","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1362","url":null,"abstract":"Cytogenetics is the diagnostic study of chromosomal structure and properties, as well as cell division, using a variety of methods, one of which is “karyotyping.” It refers to a method of photographing a stained preparation in which the chromosomes are organised in a uniform pattern. The advent of modern techniques such as “karyotyping” has made it feasible to visualize undetected chromosomal abnormalities such as short chromosome segments and chromosome translocations. Because such techniques enabled each pair of chromosomes to be identified separately, they have further aided our understanding of the chromosomal basis of a certain significant genetic diseases. Every organism has its own unique karyotype, which is defined by its number and shape. Karyotypic variation, on the other hand, occurs in different individuals of the same species, as well as between different species. Monitoring cytogenetic data of economically significant fishes as well as threatened fishes can hold importance of the succeeding generations. This review article highlights the variation in the chromosomal number & classification, methods of chromosome preparation and karyotypic analysis of various fish species of India with a special reference to fishes of Kashmir Himalayas.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75892184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1264
A. Shariat, Fatemeh Sefidkonb
Satureja mutica is a tetraploid and perennial semi-bushy plant cultivated for different medicinal purposes. To induce polyploidy, two-leafed seedlings were exposed to different concentrations (0.00, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 % w/v) and durations (6, 12, and 24 h) of colchicine. The seedlings were then transferred to a culture medium for recovery and propagation. After clones were prepared from each seedling, octaploid clones were identified using flow cytometry. Chromosome counting was also used to confirm flow cytometric results in tetraploid (2n = 4x = 60; 2C DNA= 1.90 ± 0.01 pg) and octaploid (2n = 8x = 120; 2C DNA= 3.82 ± 02 pg) plants. The highest polyploidy induction efficiency with 32% was related to 0.05 % colchicine and 12 h duration. The results showed that the phenotypic traits of anatomical (stomata size, leaf guard cell size), morphological (stem diameter, length, width, and leaf area), physiological (soluble sugars, phenols, and flavonoids), and phytochemical (essential oil yield, P-cymene, γ-Terpinene, α-Thujene, and α-Pinene) properties significantly increased in octaploid plants, while the density of leaf stomata decreased compared to tetraploid plants. Our results verified that octaploid induction in Satureja mutica is an effective breeding method, remarkably increasing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics, which could be used as a new genetic resource in future breeding programs.
{"title":"Enhanced morphologic traits and medicinal constituents of octaploids in Satureja mutica, a high-yielding medicinal savory","authors":"A. Shariat, Fatemeh Sefidkonb","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1264","url":null,"abstract":"Satureja mutica is a tetraploid and perennial semi-bushy plant cultivated for different medicinal purposes. To induce polyploidy, two-leafed seedlings were exposed to different concentrations (0.00, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 % w/v) and durations (6, 12, and 24 h) of colchicine. The seedlings were then transferred to a culture medium for recovery and propagation. After clones were prepared from each seedling, octaploid clones were identified using flow cytometry. Chromosome counting was also used to confirm flow cytometric results in tetraploid (2n = 4x = 60; 2C DNA= 1.90 ± 0.01 pg) and octaploid (2n = 8x = 120; 2C DNA= 3.82 ± 02 pg) plants. The highest polyploidy induction efficiency with 32% was related to 0.05 % colchicine and 12 h duration. The results showed that the phenotypic traits of anatomical (stomata size, leaf guard cell size), morphological (stem diameter, length, width, and leaf area), physiological (soluble sugars, phenols, and flavonoids), and phytochemical (essential oil yield, P-cymene, γ-Terpinene, α-Thujene, and α-Pinene) properties significantly increased in octaploid plants, while the density of leaf stomata decreased compared to tetraploid plants. Our results verified that octaploid induction in Satureja mutica is an effective breeding method, remarkably increasing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics, which could be used as a new genetic resource in future breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79302423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1428
H. Jing, S. Esfandani-Bozchaloyi
The genus Medicago L. (Fabaceae) comprises approximately 87 different species of herbs and shrubs widespread from the Mediterranean to central Asia. Medicago polymorpha is a herbaceous legume that can be a useful pasture plant, in particular, in regions with a Mediterranean climate. It had aroused great interest due to high nutritious quality, highly palatability and N-fixing plan in neutral soil. There is no information on its population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and morphological variability in Iran. Due to the medicinal importance of this species, a genetic variability and populations’ structure study is performed studying 15 geographical populations of Medicago polymorpha. Therefore, we used six inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers and 15 combined IRAP markers to reveal within and among population genetic diversity in this plant. AMOVA test produced significant genetic difference (PhiPT = 0.46, P = 0.010) among the studied populations and also revealed that, 66% of total genetic variability was due to within population diversity while, 34% was due to among population genetic differentiation. Mantel test showed positive significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance of the studied populations. STRUCTURE analyses and population assignment test revealed some degree of gene flow among these populations. PCoA plot of populations was in agreement with UPGMA clustering of molecular data. These results indicated that geographical populations of Medicago polymorpha are well differentiated based on (IRAP) markers.
紫花苜蓿属(豆科)由大约87种不同的草本植物和灌木组成，分布于地中海到中亚。多形紫花苜蓿是一种草本豆科植物，可以作为一种有用的牧场植物，特别是在地中海气候地区。由于其高营养品质、高适口性和在中性土壤中的固氮能力，引起了人们的极大兴趣。在伊朗没有关于其种群遗传结构、遗传多样性和形态变异的信息。由于该物种具有重要的药用价值，本文对紫花苜蓿15个地理居群进行了遗传变异和居群结构研究。因此，我们利用6个反转录转座子间扩增多态性(IRAP)标记和15个IRAP组合标记来揭示该植物群体内和群体间的遗传多样性。AMOVA检验在研究群体间产生了显著的遗传差异(PhiPT = 0.46, P = 0.010)，也表明66%的遗传变异是由群体内多样性引起的，34%的遗传变异是由群体间的遗传分化引起的。Mantel检验表明，遗传距离与地理距离呈正相关。结构分析和群体分配检验表明，这些群体之间存在一定程度的基因流动。群体的PCoA图与分子数据的UPGMA聚类一致。这些结果表明，利用IRAP标记可以很好地分化多花苜蓿的地理居群。
{"title":"Genetic diversity and gene-pool of Medicago polymorpha L. based on retrotransposon-based markers","authors":"H. Jing, S. Esfandani-Bozchaloyi","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1428","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Medicago L. (Fabaceae) comprises approximately 87 different species of herbs and shrubs widespread from the Mediterranean to central Asia. Medicago polymorpha is a herbaceous legume that can be a useful pasture plant, in particular, in regions with a Mediterranean climate. It had aroused great interest due to high nutritious quality, highly palatability and N-fixing plan in neutral soil. There is no information on its population genetic structure, genetic diversity, and morphological variability in Iran. Due to the medicinal importance of this species, a genetic variability and populations’ structure study is performed studying 15 geographical populations of Medicago polymorpha. Therefore, we used six inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) markers and 15 combined IRAP markers to reveal within and among population genetic diversity in this plant. AMOVA test produced significant genetic difference (PhiPT = 0.46, P = 0.010) among the studied populations and also revealed that, 66% of total genetic variability was due to within population diversity while, 34% was due to among population genetic differentiation. Mantel test showed positive significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance of the studied populations. STRUCTURE analyses and population assignment test revealed some degree of gene flow among these populations. PCoA plot of populations was in agreement with UPGMA clustering of molecular data. These results indicated that geographical populations of Medicago polymorpha are well differentiated based on (IRAP) markers.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"47 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90641325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1307
Guadalupe Velázquez-Vázquez, B. Pérez-Armendáriz, Verónica Rodríguez Soria, Anabella Handal-Silva, Luis Daniel Ortega
Sambucus canadensis is used in traditional medicine mainly in indigenous communities as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, to treat cough, fever and other ailments, however, its use must be validated on scientific bases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of the ethanol extract of Sambucus canadensis in meristem cells of Allium sativum with 5 treatments at concentrations of 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L. Two thousand cells were counted per treatment; the mitotic index (MI) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) and Chi square (X2) (p < 0.05). Root growth was found to be inhibited based on the concentration with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). As the dose and exposure time of the ethanol extract increased, the MI decreased. The NA increased at the highest concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L and these differences were statistically significant compared to the control (p = 0.001). With the results obtained, it can be shown that the species has antiproliferative effects and genotoxic activity on the Allium sativum cell cycle, which can be extrapolated to other types of eukaryotic cells. Therefore, despite being a plant with health benefits, moderate use and low concentrations are recommended to avoid harmful effects.
{"title":"Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of Sambucus canadensis ethanol extract in meristem cells of Allium sativum","authors":"Guadalupe Velázquez-Vázquez, B. Pérez-Armendáriz, Verónica Rodríguez Soria, Anabella Handal-Silva, Luis Daniel Ortega","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1307","url":null,"abstract":"Sambucus canadensis is used in traditional medicine mainly in indigenous communities as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, to treat cough, fever and other ailments, however, its use must be validated on scientific bases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of the ethanol extract of Sambucus canadensis in meristem cells of Allium sativum with 5 treatments at concentrations of 125, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L. Two thousand cells were counted per treatment; the mitotic index (MI) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) and Chi square (X2) (p < 0.05). Root growth was found to be inhibited based on the concentration with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). As the dose and exposure time of the ethanol extract increased, the MI decreased. The NA increased at the highest concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/L and these differences were statistically significant compared to the control (p = 0.001). With the results obtained, it can be shown that the species has antiproliferative effects and genotoxic activity on the Allium sativum cell cycle, which can be extrapolated to other types of eukaryotic cells. Therefore, despite being a plant with health benefits, moderate use and low concentrations are recommended to avoid harmful effects.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78991453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chromosome numbers of nine taxa in Sorbus subgenera Aria (Pers.) Host and Micromeles Decne. were determined. All are diploid with 2n = 2x = 34. Eight out of them: S. alnifolia (Siebold and Zucc.) K. Koch var. angulata S.B. Liang Rehd., S. alnifolia (Siebold and Zucc.) K. Koch var. lobulata (C.K. Schneid.) Rehd., S. dunnii Rehd., S. folgneri (C.K. Schneid.) Rehd., S. hemsleyi (C.K. Schneid.) Rehd., S. lushanensis X. Chen & J. Qiu, S. ochracea (Hand.-Mazz.) J.E. Vidal and S. yuana Spongberg, which are endemic to China, were reported for the first time. One remaining Asian native S. alnifolia var. alnifolia (Siebold and Zucc.) K. Koch, 2n = 34 was confirmed here. The chromosomes size and the total haploid chromosome length varied from 0.91 µm to 3.51 µm and 23.43 μm to 50.04 μm respectively. A predominance of metacentric chromosomes were perceived. Satellites were observed only in taxa of subgenera Micromeles. Nine taxa were classified as 1A, 2A and 2B according to the Stebbins classification. S. yuana in subgenus Aria presents the most symmetrical karyotype according to all the 11 quantitative indices analyzed, while S. dunnii and S. ochracea in Micromeles present the most asymmetrical karyotypes according to different indices.
{"title":"Chromosome counts and karyotype analysis of nine taxa in Sorbus subgenera Aria and Micromeles (Rosaceae) from China","authors":"Yuming Qian, Kailin Zhu, C.-Y. Tang, Zhixin Qiu, Xin Chen","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1387","url":null,"abstract":"Chromosome numbers of nine taxa in Sorbus subgenera Aria (Pers.) Host and Micromeles Decne. were determined. All are diploid with 2n = 2x = 34. Eight out of them: S. alnifolia (Siebold and Zucc.) K. Koch var. angulata S.B. Liang Rehd., S. alnifolia (Siebold and Zucc.) K. Koch var. lobulata (C.K. Schneid.) Rehd., S. dunnii Rehd., S. folgneri (C.K. Schneid.) Rehd., S. hemsleyi (C.K. Schneid.) Rehd., S. lushanensis X. Chen & J. Qiu, S. ochracea (Hand.-Mazz.) J.E. Vidal and S. yuana Spongberg, which are endemic to China, were reported for the first time. One remaining Asian native S. alnifolia var. alnifolia (Siebold and Zucc.) K. Koch, 2n = 34 was confirmed here. The chromosomes size and the total haploid chromosome length varied from 0.91 µm to 3.51 µm and 23.43 μm to 50.04 μm respectively. A predominance of metacentric chromosomes were perceived. Satellites were observed only in taxa of subgenera Micromeles. Nine taxa were classified as 1A, 2A and 2B according to the Stebbins classification. S. yuana in subgenus Aria presents the most symmetrical karyotype according to all the 11 quantitative indices analyzed, while S. dunnii and S. ochracea in Micromeles present the most asymmetrical karyotypes according to different indices. ","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75351159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1355
Yinan Liu, Jiaqing Wang, Hongling Kang
Malva L. (mallow) is the genus within the Malvaceae Juss. family, which includes twenty- five-forty. species and several hybrids. This genus contains herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial species that are native to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Malva species contain a lot of mucilage, malvin, flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and vitamin. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Malva genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed seven species from seven provinces of Iran regions. Overall, eighty-five plant specimens were collected. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Malva verticillata L. depicted unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the range of 0.053. Shannon information was high (0.67) in Malva parviflora L. Malva vericillata showed the lowest value, 0.083. The observed number of alleles (Na) ranged from 1.16 to 2.33 in Malva vericillata and Malva parviflora. The effective number of alleles (Ne) was in the range of 1.078-1.922 for Malva vericillata and Malva parviflora.Gene flow (Nm) was relatively low (0.63) in Malva. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.76, p=0.0001) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Malva species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Malva species.Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Malva species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa.
{"title":"Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA profiling in detecting genetic variation in Malva L. species: edible and medicinal plants","authors":"Yinan Liu, Jiaqing Wang, Hongling Kang","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1355","url":null,"abstract":"Malva L. (mallow) is the genus within the Malvaceae Juss. family, which includes twenty- five-forty. species and several hybrids. This genus contains herbaceous annual, biennial, and perennial species that are native to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Malva species contain a lot of mucilage, malvin, flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and vitamin. No detailed Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) studies were conducted to study Malva genetic diversity. Therefore, we collected and analyzed seven species from seven provinces of Iran regions. Overall, eighty-five plant specimens were collected. We showed significant differences in quantitative morphological characters in plant species. Malva verticillata L. depicted unbiased expected heterozygosity (UHe) in the range of 0.053. Shannon information was high (0.67) in Malva parviflora L. Malva vericillata showed the lowest value, 0.083. The observed number of alleles (Na) ranged from 1.16 to 2.33 in Malva vericillata and Malva parviflora. The effective number of alleles (Ne) was in the range of 1.078-1.922 for Malva vericillata and Malva parviflora.Gene flow (Nm) was relatively low (0.63) in Malva. The Mantel test showed correlation (r = 0.76, p=0.0001) between genetic and geographical distances. We reported high genetic diversity, which clearly shows the Malva species can adapt to changing environments since high genetic diversity is linked to species adaptability. Present results highlighted the utility of RAPD markers and morphometry methods to investigate genetic diversity in Malva species.Our aims were 1) to assess genetic diversity among Malva species 2) is there a correlation between species genetic and geographical distance? 3) Genetic structure of populations and taxa. ","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86281552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1444
Haiou Xia, Tianyu Cheng, Xin Ma
The genus Aegilops has an important potential utilization in wheat improvement because of its resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses and close relation with the cultivated wheat. Aegilops tauschii grows in Iran, westward to Turkey and eastward to Afghanistan and China with a distribution center in the south of Caspian Sea. In spite of its very good biochemical characterization, the knowledge about the DNA variability is very limited and no DNA markers were used to analyses the genomic variability of the populations, up to date. In the present study, genetic diversity of 117 Aegilops tauschii, individuals nine populations were studied using 10 Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. High polymorphic bands (96.33%), polymorphic information content (0.48) and allele number (1.024) showed SCoT as a reliable marker system for genetic analysis in Aegilops tauschii. At the species, the percentage of polymorphic loci [P] was 66.30%, Nei’s gene diversity [H] was 0.35, Shannon index [I] was 0.33 and unbiased gene diversity [UHe] was 0.37. Genetic variation within populations (59%) was higher than among populations (41%) based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). We used SCoT molecular marker for our genetic investigation with the following aims: 1— Investigate genetic diversity both among and with date Aegilops tauschii, 2—Identify genetic groups within these nine populations Aegilops tauschii, and 3—produce data on the genetic structure of date Aegilops tauschii populations. The results obtained revealed a high within-population genetic variability.
{"title":"Genetic relationships between populations of Aegilops tauschii Coss. (Poaceae) using SCoT molecular markers","authors":"Haiou Xia, Tianyu Cheng, Xin Ma","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1444","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Aegilops has an important potential utilization in wheat improvement because of its resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses and close relation with the cultivated wheat. Aegilops tauschii grows in Iran, westward to Turkey and eastward to Afghanistan and China with a distribution center in the south of Caspian Sea. In spite of its very good biochemical characterization, the knowledge about the DNA variability is very limited and no DNA markers were used to analyses the genomic variability of the populations, up to date. In the present study, genetic diversity of 117 Aegilops tauschii, individuals nine populations were studied using 10 Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) markers. High polymorphic bands (96.33%), polymorphic information content (0.48) and allele number (1.024) showed SCoT as a reliable marker system for genetic analysis in Aegilops tauschii. At the species, the percentage of polymorphic loci [P] was 66.30%, Nei’s gene diversity [H] was 0.35, Shannon index [I] was 0.33 and unbiased gene diversity [UHe] was 0.37. Genetic variation within populations (59%) was higher than among populations (41%) based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). We used SCoT molecular marker for our genetic investigation with the following aims: 1— Investigate genetic diversity both among and with date Aegilops tauschii, 2—Identify genetic groups within these nine populations Aegilops tauschii, and 3—produce data on the genetic structure of date Aegilops tauschii populations. The results obtained revealed a high within-population genetic variability.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79564133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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