Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1419
T. Shu, Chao Li, C. She, Huan Zhao
Glaucium belongs to the Papaveraceae family. Glaucium is a genus of annual, biennial, and perennial herbaceous plants that thrive on salty soils and near the sea.Glaucium is represented by a total of 10 taxa in Iran. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism was used to estimate genetic diversity. A combination of morphological and genomic data was used to identify genetic diversity and species features in Glaucium species. In eight provinces, 65 people connected to five Glaucium were gathered. Through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of five Glaucium species, a total of 144 (Number of total loci) (NTL) DNA bands were obtained. These bands were created by combining 10 different selective primers. The total number of amplified fragments varied from seven to twenty-six. The expected unbiased heterozygozity (H) ranged from 0.19 (G. grandiflorum subsp. grandiflorum var. grandiflorum) to 0.33 (G. grandiflorum subsp. grandiflorum var. grandiflorum) (G. oxylobum var. oxylobum). The genetic similarities between five species range from 0.63 to 0.88. The findings of clustering revealed two large groupings. The SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers study revealed that G. grandiflorum and G. oxylobum var. oxylobum had the least similarity. This investigation also discovered a substantial indication of distance isolation (Mantel test results). The current findings indicate that sequence-related amplified polymorphism can discover and understand genetic affinity in Glaucium species. The current findings have consequences for biodiversity and conservation efforts. Aside from that, the current findings may pave the way for identifying acceptable ecotypes for grazing and pasture uses in Iran.
Glaucium属罂粟科。Glaucium是一种一年生、二年生和多年生草本植物，生长在咸水土壤和海边。Glaucium在伊朗共有10个分类群。利用序列相关扩增多态性估计遗传多样性。采用形态学和基因组学相结合的方法，鉴定了青藓属植物的遗传多样性和物种特征。在8个省，与5个Glaucium有关的65人被聚集在一起。通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)对5种Glaucium进行扩增，共获得144条(total loci) (NTL) DNA条带。这些条带是由10种不同的选择性引物组合而成的。扩增片段的总数从7到26不等。期望的无偏杂合度(H)范围为0.19 (G. grandflorum subsp.)。grandflorum变种grandflorum)至0.33 (G. grandflorum subsp.;大桔梗(G. oxylobum var. oxylobum)5个物种之间的遗传相似性在0.63 ~ 0.88之间。聚类的发现揭示了两大群体。SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism，序列相关扩增多态性)标记研究表明，桔梗与紫菀的相似性最小。这项调查还发现了距离隔离的重要迹象(Mantel测试结果)。目前的研究结果表明，序列相关的扩增多态性可以发现和理解Glaucium物种的遗传亲和力。目前的发现对生物多样性和保护工作有影响。除此之外，目前的发现可能为在伊朗确定可接受的放牧和牧场生态类型铺平道路。
{"title":"Morphometric analysis and genetic diversity in Glaucium (Papaveraceae) using sequence related amplified polymorphism","authors":"T. Shu, Chao Li, C. She, Huan Zhao","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1419","url":null,"abstract":"Glaucium belongs to the Papaveraceae family. Glaucium is a genus of annual, biennial, and perennial herbaceous plants that thrive on salty soils and near the sea.Glaucium is represented by a total of 10 taxa in Iran. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism was used to estimate genetic diversity. A combination of morphological and genomic data was used to identify genetic diversity and species features in Glaucium species. In eight provinces, 65 people connected to five Glaucium were gathered. Through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of five Glaucium species, a total of 144 (Number of total loci) (NTL) DNA bands were obtained. These bands were created by combining 10 different selective primers. The total number of amplified fragments varied from seven to twenty-six. The expected unbiased heterozygozity (H) ranged from 0.19 (G. grandiflorum subsp. grandiflorum var. grandiflorum) to 0.33 (G. grandiflorum subsp. grandiflorum var. grandiflorum) (G. oxylobum var. oxylobum). The genetic similarities between five species range from 0.63 to 0.88. The findings of clustering revealed two large groupings. The SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers study revealed that G. grandiflorum and G. oxylobum var. oxylobum had the least similarity. This investigation also discovered a substantial indication of distance isolation (Mantel test results). The current findings indicate that sequence-related amplified polymorphism can discover and understand genetic affinity in Glaucium species. The current findings have consequences for biodiversity and conservation efforts. Aside from that, the current findings may pave the way for identifying acceptable ecotypes for grazing and pasture uses in Iran.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86625553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1411
Kristen D. Felt, Makayla B. Lagerman, Samantha Maurer, Lu Qian, Oluwasefunmi Oluwafemi, Noemi Pedraza-Aguado, Emily L. Stowe, L. Paliulis
In metaphase I, autosomal bivalents align on the metaphase plate, while naturally-occurring univalent sex chromosomes can display a number of different behaviours depending on cellular conditions. Here we describe the behaviour of the univalent X chromosome in the wide-footed treehopper Enchenopa latipes (Say 1824). We confirm the chromosome number and sex determination method for this species, and that males possess a univalent X chromosome. We show that the univalent X chromosome forms a bipolar attachment to the spindle in metaphase I, and then segregates intact toward one spindle pole in late anaphase I (long after autosomes have initiated poleward movement). Movement of the univalent toward one pole is associated with loss of microtubule connections toward the opposite spindle pole.
{"title":"Segregation of the univalent X chromosome in the wide-footed treehopper Enchenopa latipes (Say 1824)","authors":"Kristen D. Felt, Makayla B. Lagerman, Samantha Maurer, Lu Qian, Oluwasefunmi Oluwafemi, Noemi Pedraza-Aguado, Emily L. Stowe, L. Paliulis","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1411","url":null,"abstract":"In metaphase I, autosomal bivalents align on the metaphase plate, while naturally-occurring univalent sex chromosomes can display a number of different behaviours depending on cellular conditions. Here we describe the behaviour of the univalent X chromosome in the wide-footed treehopper Enchenopa latipes (Say 1824). We confirm the chromosome number and sex determination method for this species, and that males possess a univalent X chromosome. We show that the univalent X chromosome forms a bipolar attachment to the spindle in metaphase I, and then segregates intact toward one spindle pole in late anaphase I (long after autosomes have initiated poleward movement). Movement of the univalent toward one pole is associated with loss of microtubule connections toward the opposite spindle pole.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72957571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1067
A. Sarkar, Ranita Saha, Rupak Halder
The effect of sewage water sample of the three locations Khardah (22.7003° N, 88.3753° E), Titagarh (22.7383° N, 88.3737° E), Madhyamgram (22.6924° N, 88.4653° E), and Control (distilled H2O) in the district of North 24 Parganas (22.6168° N, 88.4029° E), West Bengal, India on the damage of chromosomes in the onion (Allium cepa L.) and maize plant (Zea mays L.) were investigated by employing mitotic chromosomal aberration assay. Physiochemical analysis of sewage water samples showed the pH is 5.10-5.30 in nature. Few heavy elements: Fe, Mn and Zn in the sample from Khardah (22.7003° N, 88.3753° E) sewage water exceeded the Indian Standard 10500:2012 and WHO’s (2006) permissible limits. Whereas Cl, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Cd are more or less within limit of the standard condition. The obtained data exhibited a decline in reproductive capacity of cells and the occurrence of deviation from the normal mitotic cell division. The mitotic index (MI) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in both the cases and is given as Control (57.03 %) > Madhyamgram (41.70 %) > Titagarh (33.85 %) > Khardah (31.57 %) in Allium cepa L. and Control (49.33 %) > Titagarh (21.45 %) > Madhyamgram (26.47 %) > Khardah (24.05 %) in Zea mays L. The chromosomal aberrations (CAs): Karyorrhexis, Karyolysis, Fragments, Lagging chromosome, Anaphase bridges are present in significant amount in the crops treated with sewage water sample than the one with control condition. Heavy metals act as pollutants in the sewage water sample which has cytotoxic effect on cells, threat to water ecosystem and human health.
{"title":"Chromosomes damage by sewage water studies in the Allium cepa L. and Zea mays L.","authors":"A. Sarkar, Ranita Saha, Rupak Halder","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1067","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of sewage water sample of the three locations Khardah (22.7003° N, 88.3753° E), Titagarh (22.7383° N, 88.3737° E), Madhyamgram (22.6924° N, 88.4653° E), and Control (distilled H2O) in the district of North 24 Parganas (22.6168° N, 88.4029° E), West Bengal, India on the damage of chromosomes in the onion (Allium cepa L.) and maize plant (Zea mays L.) were investigated by employing mitotic chromosomal aberration assay. Physiochemical analysis of sewage water samples showed the pH is 5.10-5.30 in nature. Few heavy elements: Fe, Mn and Zn in the sample from Khardah (22.7003° N, 88.3753° E) sewage water exceeded the Indian Standard 10500:2012 and WHO’s (2006) permissible limits. Whereas Cl, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Cd are more or less within limit of the standard condition. The obtained data exhibited a decline in reproductive capacity of cells and the occurrence of deviation from the normal mitotic cell division. The mitotic index (MI) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in both the cases and is given as Control (57.03 %) > Madhyamgram (41.70 %) > Titagarh (33.85 %) > Khardah (31.57 %) in Allium cepa L. and Control (49.33 %) > Titagarh (21.45 %) > Madhyamgram (26.47 %) > Khardah (24.05 %) in Zea mays L. The chromosomal aberrations (CAs): Karyorrhexis, Karyolysis, Fragments, Lagging chromosome, Anaphase bridges are present in significant amount in the crops treated with sewage water sample than the one with control condition. Heavy metals act as pollutants in the sewage water sample which has cytotoxic effect on cells, threat to water ecosystem and human health.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83523359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1353
Badmus Jelili Abiodun, S.A. Oyemomi, J. Fatoki, T. Yekeen, O. Adedosu, P. Adegbola, M. A. Azeez, E. Adebayo, A. Lateef
Nanotechnology is widely gaining worldwide application in biology and medicine because of its proven efficacy. Annona muricata contains bioactive phytochemicals with an inherent ability to bio-fabricate metal ions nanoparticles (NPs). Annona muricata aqueous leaf extract and its green bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles were evaluated on red blood cells (RBC) for anti-haemolytic activity and cytogenotoxicity on Allium cepa cells. The effects of A. muricata extract (Am-E) and its biofabricated silver nanoparticles (Am-AgNPs) were observed at 0.7, 7.0 and 70.0 µg/ml on H2O2-induced haemolysis in RBC and cyclophosphamide-induced cytogenotoxicity on A. cepa cells. Results showed significant and concentration dependent anti-haemolytic activity of Am-E relative to Am-AgNPs. Significant (P<0.05) reduction of mitotic index was observed in the groups treated with Am-AgNPs compared with Am-E, which indicates cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles. The Am-E protected A. cepa meristem root cells from cyclophosphamide-induced mitotic repression better than Am-AgNPs. Different degree of chromosomal abnormalities such as chromosome-bridge, sticky chromosome, and c-mitosis were observed in all the treatment groups with chromosome-bridge and sticky chromosome being prominent. This study revealed stronger anti-haemolytic efficacy of Am-E at higher concentrations compared with Am-AgNPs. Chromosomal abnormalities observed in this study suggest greater chromosomal instability as influenced by the nanoparticles compared with the extract on onion cells. The protective effect of the extract against cyclophosphamide-induced chromosomal aberrations may be an indication of its potential as an anti-genotoxic agent.
{"title":"Anti-haemolytic and cytogenotoxic potential of aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata (L.) and its bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles","authors":"Badmus Jelili Abiodun, S.A. Oyemomi, J. Fatoki, T. Yekeen, O. Adedosu, P. Adegbola, M. A. Azeez, E. Adebayo, A. Lateef","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1353","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is widely gaining worldwide application in biology and medicine because of its proven efficacy. Annona muricata contains bioactive phytochemicals with an inherent ability to bio-fabricate metal ions nanoparticles (NPs). Annona muricata aqueous leaf extract and its green bio-fabricated silver nanoparticles were evaluated on red blood cells (RBC) for anti-haemolytic activity and cytogenotoxicity on Allium cepa cells. The effects of A. muricata extract (Am-E) and its biofabricated silver nanoparticles (Am-AgNPs) were observed at 0.7, 7.0 and 70.0 µg/ml on H2O2-induced haemolysis in RBC and cyclophosphamide-induced cytogenotoxicity on A. cepa cells. Results showed significant and concentration dependent anti-haemolytic activity of Am-E relative to Am-AgNPs. Significant (P<0.05) reduction of mitotic index was observed in the groups treated with Am-AgNPs compared with Am-E, which indicates cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles. The Am-E protected A. cepa meristem root cells from cyclophosphamide-induced mitotic repression better than Am-AgNPs. Different degree of chromosomal abnormalities such as chromosome-bridge, sticky chromosome, and c-mitosis were observed in all the treatment groups with chromosome-bridge and sticky chromosome being prominent. This study revealed stronger anti-haemolytic efficacy of Am-E at higher concentrations compared with Am-AgNPs. Chromosomal abnormalities observed in this study suggest greater chromosomal instability as influenced by the nanoparticles compared with the extract on onion cells. The protective effect of the extract against cyclophosphamide-induced chromosomal aberrations may be an indication of its potential as an anti-genotoxic agent. ","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75410416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1245
Ning Zhou, Ai-Gen Fu, Guangyan Wang, Yongpeng Yang
The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 105 accessions in 55 genera 75 species from 21 plant families growing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were investigated. For 31 species, we provided first insights into their chromosomal numbers and karyotype characteristics. Diploids and tetraploids existed in an altitudinal range from 1,500 to 4,851 m.a.s.l., while pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, octaploid, and decaploid accessions tended to occur above 3,000 m.a.s.l. The frequency of polyploidy was relatively low below 3,000 m.a.s.l., indicating the relative stability of habitats on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau below 3,000 m.a.s.l. However, 80% of diploids occurred above 3,000 m, indicating that partial polyploids may be produced from intraspecific polyploidy. The difference in polyploidy frequency levels among the different habitats were striking, being about 40% in hillsides and wetland, approximately 25% of alpine meadow, meadow and shrublands, and 7% on benchland and wetlands.
{"title":"Karyotype analysis in 21 plant families from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and its evolutionary implications","authors":"Ning Zhou, Ai-Gen Fu, Guangyan Wang, Yongpeng Yang","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1245","url":null,"abstract":"The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 105 accessions in 55 genera 75 species from 21 plant families growing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were investigated. For 31 species, we provided first insights into their chromosomal numbers and karyotype characteristics. Diploids and tetraploids existed in an altitudinal range from 1,500 to 4,851 m.a.s.l., while pentaploid, hexaploid, heptaploid, octaploid, and decaploid accessions tended to occur above 3,000 m.a.s.l. The frequency of polyploidy was relatively low below 3,000 m.a.s.l., indicating the relative stability of habitats on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau below 3,000 m.a.s.l. However, 80% of diploids occurred above 3,000 m, indicating that partial polyploids may be produced from intraspecific polyploidy. The difference in polyploidy frequency levels among the different habitats were striking, being about 40% in hillsides and wetland, approximately 25% of alpine meadow, meadow and shrublands, and 7% on benchland and wetlands.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90434149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1114
Neda Atazadeh, M. Sheidai, Farideh Attar, F. Koohdar
Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the genus Cousinia are complicated and unresolved mainly because of disagreement between morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies. The genus Cousinia has approximately 700 species, which makes it one of the most varied genera found in central and southwest Asia. Section Cynaroideae, containing 89 species, is considered the largest section of the genus. Identification and delineation as well as classifying the section and the species’ relationships within the genus Cousinia generally remain debatable. Therefore, the present study aims to: 1) identify and delineate the species within the two sections Cynaroideae and Platyacanthae; 2) study the species relationships based on both morphological and molecular features (Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) marker); 3) study the sectional delimitation and its monophyly; and 4) estimate the divergence time of the studied sections. To this end, 50 Cousinia species occurring in Iran were investigated for the first time. A maximum parsimony tree of the morphological features separated the species of the two sections from each other. However, the ITS-based phylogenetic tree did not delimit the two studied sections. The relationships among the studied Cousinia species in the genetic trees were generally not congruent with the obtained morphological tree. The divergence time of the studied species within the Cynaroideae and Platyacanthae sections determined using Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees (BEAST) was estimated to be around 3.5 million years ago (Mya).
{"title":"Molecular phylogeny and morphometric analyses in the genus Cousinia Cass. (Family Asteraceae), sections Cynaroideae Bunge and Platyacanthae Rech. f.","authors":"Neda Atazadeh, M. Sheidai, Farideh Attar, F. Koohdar","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1114","url":null,"abstract":"Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the genus Cousinia are complicated and unresolved mainly because of disagreement between morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies. The genus Cousinia has approximately 700 species, which makes it one of the most varied genera found in central and southwest Asia. Section Cynaroideae, containing 89 species, is considered the largest section of the genus. Identification and delineation as well as classifying the section and the species’ relationships within the genus Cousinia generally remain debatable. Therefore, the present study aims to: 1) identify and delineate the species within the two sections Cynaroideae and Platyacanthae; 2) study the species relationships based on both morphological and molecular features (Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) marker); 3) study the sectional delimitation and its monophyly; and 4) estimate the divergence time of the studied sections. To this end, 50 Cousinia species occurring in Iran were investigated for the first time. A maximum parsimony tree of the morphological features separated the species of the two sections from each other. However, the ITS-based phylogenetic tree did not delimit the two studied sections. The relationships among the studied Cousinia species in the genetic trees were generally not congruent with the obtained morphological tree. The divergence time of the studied species within the Cynaroideae and Platyacanthae sections determined using Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees (BEAST) was estimated to be around 3.5 million years ago (Mya).","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89191524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1354
A. Yilmaz, Yudum Yeltekin
The increasing number of new taxa for each day and the presence of the samples exhibiting variable characters depend on this situation make very problematic the genus Crocus as taxonomic and phylogenetic. For this reason, the many studies based on PCR, DNA barcoding and cytogenetics are applied to provide contribution for taxonomic problems and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Crocus. In this study, detailed karyotypic investigation of four taxa (C. pallasii Goldb. subsp. pallasii, C. olivieri J.Gay subsp. olivieri, C. fleischeri J.Gay and C. uschakensis Rukśans) belonging to Uşak province in Turkey was carried out and compared with the studies made previously. The somatic chromosome numbers of studied taxa were found to be 2n=14 for C. pallasii subsp. pallasii, 2n=8 for C. olivieri subsp. olivieri, 2n=20 for C. fleischeri and 2n=20 for C. uschakensis. C. uschakensis has only satellite on the short arm of chromosome 7. Some differences with previous studies in aspect of chromosome number and morphology were determined in this study. Furthermore, there is no enough literature information on Crocus uschakensis and it was provided with this study based on detailed chromosomal investigation.
每天增加的新分类群数量和表现出不同特征的样本的存在取决于这种情况，这使得藏红花属在分类和系统发育上非常成问题。因此，许多基于PCR、DNA条形码和细胞遗传学的研究为藏红花属植物的分类问题和系统发育关系提供了贡献。本研究对四个分类群(C. pallasii Goldb.)的核型进行了详细的研究。无性系种群。王志强，王志强。对土耳其uuriak省的olivieri, C. fleischeri j.g gay和C. uschakensis Rukśans)进行了研究，并与以往的研究进行了比较。研究类群的体细胞染色体数目为2n=14。2n=8的palasii olivieri subsp。C. fleischeri的2n=20, C. uschakensis的2n=20。在7号染色体短臂上只有卫星。本研究在染色体数目和形态方面与以往的研究有一定的差异。此外，关于藏红花的文献资料不足，本研究是在对其染色体进行详细调查的基础上进行的。
{"title":"Karyomorphology of some Crocus L. taxa from Uşak province in Turkey","authors":"A. Yilmaz, Yudum Yeltekin","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1354","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing number of new taxa for each day and the presence of the samples exhibiting variable characters depend on this situation make very problematic the genus Crocus as taxonomic and phylogenetic. For this reason, the many studies based on PCR, DNA barcoding and cytogenetics are applied to provide contribution for taxonomic problems and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Crocus. In this study, detailed karyotypic investigation of four taxa (C. pallasii Goldb. subsp. pallasii, C. olivieri J.Gay subsp. olivieri, C. fleischeri J.Gay and C. uschakensis Rukśans) belonging to Uşak province in Turkey was carried out and compared with the studies made previously. The somatic chromosome numbers of studied taxa were found to be 2n=14 for C. pallasii subsp. pallasii, 2n=8 for C. olivieri subsp. olivieri, 2n=20 for C. fleischeri and 2n=20 for C. uschakensis. C. uschakensis has only satellite on the short arm of chromosome 7. Some differences with previous studies in aspect of chromosome number and morphology were determined in this study. Furthermore, there is no enough literature information on Crocus uschakensis and it was provided with this study based on detailed chromosomal investigation.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"455 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78286570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1106
L. Barros, G. Teixeira, P. Ferreira, R. Lod, L. Silveira, F. Petitclerc, J. Orivel, H. Aguiar
The scarce information regarding ant diversity in the state of Amapá and lack of cytogenetic data of species from the Amazon region can hide ant biodiversity information that may be detectable with affordable cytogenetic techniques. In this study, we describe the karyotypes of eight ant taxa collected from Amazonian localities in French Guiana and Brazil. Chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 18 to 2n = 68. The following chromosome numbers were observed for each species: Azteca sp. group chartifex 2n = 28; Dolichoderus bidens (Linnaeus, 1758) 2n = 18; Gnamptogenys tortuolosa (Smith, 1858) 2n = 44; Camponotus renggeri Emery, 1894 n = 20; Pseudomyrmex unicolor (Smith, 1855) 2n = 68 and n = 34; Apterostigma sp. pilosum complex 2n = 46; Odontomachus bauri Emery, 1892 2n = 44, and Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863) 2n = 32. The karyotypes of P. unicolor, G. tortuolosa, and O. bauri are reported here for the first time. Our data enabled comparisons between chromosomal data of some species from Amazon and Atlantic rainforests. We also highlight the methods used for the ant chromosome classification.
{"title":"Cytogenetic survey of eight ant species from the Amazon rainforest","authors":"L. Barros, G. Teixeira, P. Ferreira, R. Lod, L. Silveira, F. Petitclerc, J. Orivel, H. Aguiar","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1106","url":null,"abstract":"The scarce information regarding ant diversity in the state of Amapá and lack of cytogenetic data of species from the Amazon region can hide ant biodiversity information that may be detectable with affordable cytogenetic techniques. In this study, we describe the karyotypes of eight ant taxa collected from Amazonian localities in French Guiana and Brazil. Chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 18 to 2n = 68. The following chromosome numbers were observed for each species: Azteca sp. group chartifex 2n = 28; Dolichoderus bidens (Linnaeus, 1758) 2n = 18; Gnamptogenys tortuolosa (Smith, 1858) 2n = 44; Camponotus renggeri Emery, 1894 n = 20; Pseudomyrmex unicolor (Smith, 1855) 2n = 68 and n = 34; Apterostigma sp. pilosum complex 2n = 46; Odontomachus bauri Emery, 1892 2n = 44, and Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger, 1863) 2n = 32. The karyotypes of P. unicolor, G. tortuolosa, and O. bauri are reported here for the first time. Our data enabled comparisons between chromosomal data of some species from Amazon and Atlantic rainforests. We also highlight the methods used for the ant chromosome classification.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78681313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1163
F. Koohdar, N. Aram, M. Sheidai
Lallemantia is a medicinally important plant in the world. Due to interspecific hybridization and horizontal gene transfer, spices relationship and delimitation on the genus Lallemantia is difficult based on different molecular markers. Therefore, selecting the appropriate marker can be important. Fingerprinting techniques continue to be used for genomic profiling for the characterization of germplasm and the establishment of the identity of varieties/hybrids/parental sources of aromatic and medicinal plants. For this, we need to produce detailed information on genetic diversity available in Lallemantia as well as investigate spices relationship and delimitation. Therefore, the present study was performed on Lallemantia species in Iran. We used the start codon targeted and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism molecular marker for our genetic investigation with the following aims: 1- To reveal the species delimitation and species relationship in Lallemantia, and 2- To investigate discriminating power of the start codon targeted and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism markers by Gst and NM analysis. The results obtained revealed that the start codon targeted marker is the best to show the relationships between species while the retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism marker is the best for species delimitation. we found the loci with the high value of Gst (1.00) in start codon targeted and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism markers that can be used in barcoding and fingerprinting of L. royleana.
{"title":"Biosystematics, fingerprinting and DNA barcoding study of the genus Lallemantia based on SCoT and REMAP markers","authors":"F. Koohdar, N. Aram, M. Sheidai","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1163","url":null,"abstract":"Lallemantia is a medicinally important plant in the world. Due to interspecific hybridization and horizontal gene transfer, spices relationship and delimitation on the genus Lallemantia is difficult based on different molecular markers. Therefore, selecting the appropriate marker can be important. Fingerprinting techniques continue to be used for genomic profiling for the characterization of germplasm and the establishment of the identity of varieties/hybrids/parental sources of aromatic and medicinal plants. For this, we need to produce detailed information on genetic diversity available in Lallemantia as well as investigate spices relationship and delimitation. Therefore, the present study was performed on Lallemantia species in Iran. We used the start codon targeted and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism molecular marker for our genetic investigation with the following aims: 1- To reveal the species delimitation and species relationship in Lallemantia, and 2- To investigate discriminating power of the start codon targeted and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism markers by Gst and NM analysis. The results obtained revealed that the start codon targeted marker is the best to show the relationships between species while the retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism marker is the best for species delimitation. we found the loci with the high value of Gst (1.00) in start codon targeted and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism markers that can be used in barcoding and fingerprinting of L. royleana.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80051515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-08DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1337
Lu Feng, F. Noedoost
Glaucium Mill. (horned poppy), belonging to the family Papaveraceae, is represented by a total of 25 species worldwide, and especially distributed throughout Western, Northern and Eastern Asia, Europe, Northern Africa, and Australia. As a country, Iran harbors relatively more species of the genus Glaucium (11-13 species) and hence, this country is considered as the hot spot of the genus. As a result, we conducted a molecular analysis of the data for this genus due to the relevance of these species of plants. We employed 75 plants from seven species and seven provinces that were randomly picked for this investigation. Five primers were used to amplify genomic DNA, yielding 78 bands, 73 of which were polymorphic (97.78%). ISSR primers have a great capability to recognise polymorphic loci among Glaucium species, as evidenced by the high average PIC and MI values obtained. The genetic similarity of seven samples was calculated to be between 0.77 and 0.92. Glaucium corniculatum var. corniculatum and Glaucium elegans var. elegans showed the lowest similarity, while Glaucium oxylobum and Glaucium grandiflorum had the highest similarity, according to Inter-Simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers analysis. The following are the study’s goals: 1) Is it possible to identify Glaucium species using ISSR markers? 2) In Iran, how are these taxa genetically structured? 3) what is the inter-species relationship? According to this study, ISSR markers can be utilized to distinguish species.
{"title":"Genetic diversity and relationships among Glaucium (Papaveraceae) species by ISSR Markers: A high value medicinal plant","authors":"Lu Feng, F. Noedoost","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1337","url":null,"abstract":"Glaucium Mill. (horned poppy), belonging to the family Papaveraceae, is represented by a total of 25 species worldwide, and especially distributed throughout Western, Northern and Eastern Asia, Europe, Northern Africa, and Australia. As a country, Iran harbors relatively more species of the genus Glaucium (11-13 species) and hence, this country is considered as the hot spot of the genus. As a result, we conducted a molecular analysis of the data for this genus due to the relevance of these species of plants. We employed 75 plants from seven species and seven provinces that were randomly picked for this investigation. Five primers were used to amplify genomic DNA, yielding 78 bands, 73 of which were polymorphic (97.78%). ISSR primers have a great capability to recognise polymorphic loci among Glaucium species, as evidenced by the high average PIC and MI values obtained. The genetic similarity of seven samples was calculated to be between 0.77 and 0.92. Glaucium corniculatum var. corniculatum and Glaucium elegans var. elegans showed the lowest similarity, while Glaucium oxylobum and Glaucium grandiflorum had the highest similarity, according to Inter-Simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers analysis. The following are the study’s goals: 1) Is it possible to identify Glaucium species using ISSR markers? 2) In Iran, how are these taxa genetically structured? 3) what is the inter-species relationship? According to this study, ISSR markers can be utilized to distinguish species.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78614535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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