Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1716
E. Abdelhaliem, Hanan Abdalla, Ahmed Bolbol, Rania S. Shehata
Many reports highlight biological responses of crop plants after non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure based on the phenotypic and physiological levels. So, this study aimed to estimate genetic alterations in proteins, isozymes, and DNA banding patterns as well as the extent of nuclear DNA damage of economic corn (Zea mays) under the stress of EMR using accurate and reliable bioassays like sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isozymes (Leucine- aminopeptidase, Esterases, Peroxidase, and Catalases), random amplified polymorphic DNA- polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), and Comet Assay, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis showed distinct polymorphisms (96.66%) between EMR exposed and non-exposed corn seedlings depending on the number and type of bands, their intensities as well as molecular weight which ranged from (60.27 to 192.35 kDa), gain, and loss of bands. The four isozymes generated varies isozymatic polymorphisms based on relative front, zymogram number, and optical intensities. RAPD analysis generated 85 amplified DNA products with high polymorphism values ranged from 90.91 to 100% based on primers, band type, DNA sizes which ranged from 153 to 1008-bp, lose, gain, and intensity of DNA bands. Comet Assay scored highest extent of loosed DNA from nuclei (DNA damage) reached the value of (tailed ratio 20%) at EMR exposed corn nuclei for 5 days compared to non-exposed nuclei which reached the value of (tailed ratio 3%). This study concluded that each EMR exposure time had unique interaction with proteins, isozymes, and DNA of corn cells exhibiting wide range of genotoxic stress and subsequently, adversely effect on growth and yield of this sensitive crop plants.
{"title":"Assessment of protein and DNA polymorphisms in corn (Zea mays) under the effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation","authors":"E. Abdelhaliem, Hanan Abdalla, Ahmed Bolbol, Rania S. Shehata","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1716","url":null,"abstract":"Many reports highlight biological responses of crop plants after non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure based on the phenotypic and physiological levels. So, this study aimed to estimate genetic alterations in proteins, isozymes, and DNA banding patterns as well as the extent of nuclear DNA damage of economic corn (Zea mays) under the stress of EMR using accurate and reliable bioassays like sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isozymes (Leucine- aminopeptidase, Esterases, Peroxidase, and Catalases), random amplified polymorphic DNA- polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR), and Comet Assay, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis showed distinct polymorphisms (96.66%) between EMR exposed and non-exposed corn seedlings depending on the number and type of bands, their intensities as well as molecular weight which ranged from (60.27 to 192.35 kDa), gain, and loss of bands. The four isozymes generated varies isozymatic polymorphisms based on relative front, zymogram number, and optical intensities. RAPD analysis generated 85 amplified DNA products with high polymorphism values ranged from 90.91 to 100% based on primers, band type, DNA sizes which ranged from 153 to 1008-bp, lose, gain, and intensity of DNA bands. Comet Assay scored highest extent of loosed DNA from nuclei (DNA damage) reached the value of (tailed ratio 20%) at EMR exposed corn nuclei for 5 days compared to non-exposed nuclei which reached the value of (tailed ratio 3%). This study concluded that each EMR exposure time had unique interaction with proteins, isozymes, and DNA of corn cells exhibiting wide range of genotoxic stress and subsequently, adversely effect on growth and yield of this sensitive crop plants.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78452446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1674
Saeedeh Sadat Mirzadeh Vaghefi, A. Jalili
Wetlands scatter as microclimates in mountain areas of Iran. In this investigation, the chromosome number of species and populations from Azerbaijan provinces were studied. After seed germination and root fixation, meristem cells were stained and photographs were taken for cells in the metaphase stage by light microscope. Data were analyzed by Micromeasure and excel softwares. As many as 28 populations of 24 species were studied. The chromosome numbers of two species (viz. Ranunculus kotschyi) were reported for the first time. 11 populations in 9 species were reported for the first time from Iranian populations (viz. Alisma plantago-aquatica, Prunella vulgaris, Scrophularia umbrosa). The range of haploid chromosome numbers is between n=6 and n=21. Ideograms were depicted for each species.
{"title":"Chromosome counts of some species of wetland plants from Northwest Iran","authors":"Saeedeh Sadat Mirzadeh Vaghefi, A. Jalili","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1674","url":null,"abstract":"Wetlands scatter as microclimates in mountain areas of Iran. In this investigation, the chromosome number of species and populations from Azerbaijan provinces were studied. After seed germination and root fixation, meristem cells were stained and photographs were taken for cells in the metaphase stage by light microscope. Data were analyzed by Micromeasure and excel softwares. As many as 28 populations of 24 species were studied. The chromosome numbers of two species (viz. Ranunculus kotschyi) were reported for the first time. 11 populations in 9 species were reported for the first time from Iranian populations (viz. Alisma plantago-aquatica, Prunella vulgaris, Scrophularia umbrosa). The range of haploid chromosome numbers is between n=6 and n=21. Ideograms were depicted for each species.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89758332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1939
Simona Ceraulo, F. Dumas
Satellite DNAs such as Cap-A sequences are potentially informative taxonomic and phylogenetic markers useful for characterizing primate genomes. They have also been used as cytogenetic markers facilitating species identification in many taxa. The aim of this work is to map Cap-A sequences by FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) on two Platyrrhini (Primates) species genomes, Sapajus cay paraguay and S. macrocephalus, in order to study their distribution pattern on chromosomes. The Cap-A probes showed bright signals with almost the same interstitial pattern of distribution in correspondence with C and CMA3 rich regions on six pairs of chromosomes in both Sapajus species. An additional pair was detected on S. macrocephalus. The analysis of the results, compared with previous literature data on other phylogenetically close New World species, shows that Cap-A satellite sequences have a genus-specific pattern, but with slight species-specific patterns that are useful as phylogenetic and taxonomic markers.
{"title":"Mapping CAP-A satellite DNAs by FISH in Sapajus cay paraguay and S. macrocephalus (Platyrrhini, Primates)","authors":"Simona Ceraulo, F. Dumas","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1939","url":null,"abstract":"Satellite DNAs such as Cap-A sequences are potentially informative taxonomic and phylogenetic markers useful for characterizing primate genomes. They have also been used as cytogenetic markers facilitating species identification in many taxa. The aim of this work is to map Cap-A sequences by FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) on two Platyrrhini (Primates) species genomes, Sapajus cay paraguay and S. macrocephalus, in order to study their distribution pattern on chromosomes. The Cap-A probes showed bright signals with almost the same interstitial pattern of distribution in correspondence with C and CMA3 rich regions on six pairs of chromosomes in both Sapajus species. An additional pair was detected on S. macrocephalus. The analysis of the results, compared with previous literature data on other phylogenetically close New World species, shows that Cap-A satellite sequences have a genus-specific pattern, but with slight species-specific patterns that are useful as phylogenetic and taxonomic markers.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91198173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1666
D. Shahwar, Z. Khan, M. Ansari
Induced mutagenesis is considered a coherent mechanism in crop improvement programmes to produce novel plant varieties. Due to the insufficiency of desired genotypes, plant breeders are supposed to re-associate the gene of interest from the accessible gene pool of the related plant species through hybridization to develop new cultivars with desired traits. The present investigation was performed to evaluate cadmium induced mutagenesis on growth performance, physio-biochemical traits and DNA damage studies in lentil. Growth and morphological parameters exhibited reduction with increasing concentration of cadmium. Maximum devaluation was reported at the highest concentration. Physiological and biochemical traits were also affected by different cadmium concentrations and reduced as concentration increased. Lipid peroxidation activity and antioxidant enzymes increased as mutagenic stress increased caused by cadmium. CAT and SOD concentration was found to increase initially and then decreased gradually at higher cadmium concentrations. SEM analysis of stomatal morphology revealed variation in stomatal shape and size in treated populations. There was a gradual enhancement in the percentage of DNA damage along with variation in morphological traits. The DNA damage was recorded as precocious movement, stray bivalent, laggard, stickiness, disorientation of chromosome, multi-bridge, disturbed polarity and micronuclei. It was concluded that at higher concentrations, cadmium cause DNA damage and these chromosomal alterations causes morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in lentil.
{"title":"Cadmium induced genotoxicity and antioxidative defense system in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotype","authors":"D. Shahwar, Z. Khan, M. Ansari","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1666","url":null,"abstract":"Induced mutagenesis is considered a coherent mechanism in crop improvement programmes to produce novel plant varieties. Due to the insufficiency of desired genotypes, plant breeders are supposed to re-associate the gene of interest from the accessible gene pool of the related plant species through hybridization to develop new cultivars with desired traits. The present investigation was performed to evaluate cadmium induced mutagenesis on growth performance, physio-biochemical traits and DNA damage studies in lentil. Growth and morphological parameters exhibited reduction with increasing concentration of cadmium. Maximum devaluation was reported at the highest concentration. Physiological and biochemical traits were also affected by different cadmium concentrations and reduced as concentration increased. Lipid peroxidation activity and antioxidant enzymes increased as mutagenic stress increased caused by cadmium. CAT and SOD concentration was found to increase initially and then decreased gradually at higher cadmium concentrations. SEM analysis of stomatal morphology revealed variation in stomatal shape and size in treated populations. There was a gradual enhancement in the percentage of DNA damage along with variation in morphological traits. The DNA damage was recorded as precocious movement, stray bivalent, laggard, stickiness, disorientation of chromosome, multi-bridge, disturbed polarity and micronuclei. It was concluded that at higher concentrations, cadmium cause DNA damage and these chromosomal alterations causes morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in lentil.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72905239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1533
Syamand A. Qadir, Chnar Hama noori Meerza, A. Faraj, Kawa Khwarahm Hamafaraj, S. Tobakari, S. Hamarashid
The Malva genus has 25-40 species and it can be considered as an annual and/or biannual herb. Malva species are indicated with potential therapeutic as cicatrizing and analgesic by the Ministry of Health. The aim of this study was to analyze SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers in a total of 70 accessions of Malva species, which included five species Malva neglecta Wallr., Malva pusilla Sm., Malva sylvestris L., Malva verticillata L., Malva nicaeensis All.. A total of 89 (Number of total loci) (NTL) DNA bands were produced through polymerase chain reaction amplifications (PCR) amplification of five Malva species. These bands were produced with the combinations of 5 selective primers. The total number of amplified fragments ranged from 10 to 27. The predicted unbiased gene diversity (UHe) varied between 0.077 (Malva sylvestris) and 0.382 (Malva pusilla). The genetic similarities between three species are estimated from 0.70 to 0.91. Neighbor-Joining tree results showed two major clusters. According to the SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers analysis, Malva pusilla and Malva aegyptia had the lowest similarity. Our results provided great molecular identification of all assayed genotypes, which have shown that there is large quantity of genetic diversity among the Malva accessions. Objectives of the study were; a) to estimate genetic diversity; b) to evaluate population relationships using NJ approaches. Current results have implications in breeding and conservation programs.
{"title":"Comparative study and genetic diversity in Malva using srap molecular markers","authors":"Syamand A. Qadir, Chnar Hama noori Meerza, A. Faraj, Kawa Khwarahm Hamafaraj, S. Tobakari, S. Hamarashid","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1533","url":null,"abstract":"The Malva genus has 25-40 species and it can be considered as an annual and/or biannual herb. Malva species are indicated with potential therapeutic as cicatrizing and analgesic by the Ministry of Health. The aim of this study was to analyze SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers in a total of 70 accessions of Malva species, which included five species Malva neglecta Wallr., Malva pusilla Sm., Malva sylvestris L., Malva verticillata L., Malva nicaeensis All.. A total of 89 (Number of total loci) (NTL) DNA bands were produced through polymerase chain reaction amplifications (PCR) amplification of five Malva species. These bands were produced with the combinations of 5 selective primers. The total number of amplified fragments ranged from 10 to 27. The predicted unbiased gene diversity (UHe) varied between 0.077 (Malva sylvestris) and 0.382 (Malva pusilla). The genetic similarities between three species are estimated from 0.70 to 0.91. Neighbor-Joining tree results showed two major clusters. According to the SRAP (Sequence-related amplified polymorphism) markers analysis, Malva pusilla and Malva aegyptia had the lowest similarity. Our results provided great molecular identification of all assayed genotypes, which have shown that there is large quantity of genetic diversity among the Malva accessions. Objectives of the study were; a) to estimate genetic diversity; b) to evaluate population relationships using NJ approaches. Current results have implications in breeding and conservation programs.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76327807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1856
Kristel Ramírez-Matadamas, E. Cortés-Gutiérrez, S. Moreno-Limón, C. García-Vielma
Sotol (Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel.) is a perennial species with numerous grayish-to-green leaves that grow symmetrically from the base of the stem outward. Its inflorescences can measure up to 3 m in height and contain membranous bracts that enclose seeds. It is a species that has been scarcely studied at the cytogenetic level, with only one report available in the literature. In Mexico, it has economic importance because it is used to prepare the alcoholic beverage sotol. In the present work, the chromosomes of Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel. were obtained and analyzed using different cytogenetic banding techniques and morphometric analysis to construct the first karyotype for this species. Chromosomes were obtained by germinating plant seeds collected in the locality of Las Adjuntas, Santiago, Nuevo León, Mexico. Treatment with colchicine as an antimitotic was performed, followed by enzymatic treatment with pectinase and cellulase, to eliminate the cell walls. Chromosome slides were stained with Giemsa, GTG banding technique, CBW banding, and the 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorescence dye, and observed under a microscope. A chromosomal number 2n of 38 chromosomes, as previously reported, was confirmed. Using the different banding techniques, we observed that all chromosomes exhibited a submetacentric morphology with a fundamental number of 76, and it was possible to visualize the pattern of GTG and CBW bands; these findings are reported for the first time for this species. Morphometric analysis established that the average length of the chromosomes was between 5.09 and 9.84 mm.
{"title":"Characterization of the chromosomes of sotol (Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel.) using cytogenetic banding techniques","authors":"Kristel Ramírez-Matadamas, E. Cortés-Gutiérrez, S. Moreno-Limón, C. García-Vielma","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1856","url":null,"abstract":"Sotol (Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel.) is a perennial species with numerous grayish-to-green leaves that grow symmetrically from the base of the stem outward. Its inflorescences can measure up to 3 m in height and contain membranous bracts that enclose seeds. It is a species that has been scarcely studied at the cytogenetic level, with only one report available in the literature. In Mexico, it has economic importance because it is used to prepare the alcoholic beverage sotol. In the present work, the chromosomes of Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel. were obtained and analyzed using different cytogenetic banding techniques and morphometric analysis to construct the first karyotype for this species. Chromosomes were obtained by germinating plant seeds collected in the locality of Las Adjuntas, Santiago, Nuevo León, Mexico. Treatment with colchicine as an antimitotic was performed, followed by enzymatic treatment with pectinase and cellulase, to eliminate the cell walls. Chromosome slides were stained with Giemsa, GTG banding technique, CBW banding, and the 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole fluorescence dye, and observed under a microscope. A chromosomal number 2n of 38 chromosomes, as previously reported, was confirmed. Using the different banding techniques, we observed that all chromosomes exhibited a submetacentric morphology with a fundamental number of 76, and it was possible to visualize the pattern of GTG and CBW bands; these findings are reported for the first time for this species. Morphometric analysis established that the average length of the chromosomes was between 5.09 and 9.84 mm.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83933528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1731
Kamika Sribenja, A. Tanomtong, N. Getlekha
This work presents the cytogenetic analysis conducted on the Picasso triggerfish (Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758)) from Thailand. Mitotic chromosomes were prepared from the anterior kidney. The cell suspensions were harvested by in vivo colchicine treatment. The present study includes the chromosomal investigation on R. aculeatus, using conventional (Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR and C-banding) and molecular approaches (in situ mapping of five different repetitive DNA classes including 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, (CA)15, (GA)15 and (CAA)10 as markers.) The results showed that R. aculeatus has karyotypes formed exclusively by telocentric chromosomes (44t; NF=44). The C-positive heterochromatic blocks are preferentially located in the centromeric and telomeric regions of some chromosomal pairs. The Ag-NOR sites occupy the interstitial position of the long arms of the largest telocentric pair (pair 1). The exclusive location of the major ribosomal sites in these pairs was confirmed by hybridization with 18S rDNA probes. However, the 5S rDNA genes are not located on 18S rDNA-bearing chromosomes, but instead located exclusively in the subcentromeric region of pair 4. The mapping of (CA)15, (GA)15 and (CAA)10 microsatellites are sparsely dispersed along all the chromosomes. The karyotype formula of R. aculeatus is 2n (44) = 44t.
{"title":"Chromosome Mapping of Repetitive DNAs in the Picasso Triggerfish (Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in Family Balistidae by Classical and Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques","authors":"Kamika Sribenja, A. Tanomtong, N. Getlekha","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1731","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the cytogenetic analysis conducted on the Picasso triggerfish (Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeus, 1758)) from Thailand. Mitotic chromosomes were prepared from the anterior kidney. The cell suspensions were harvested by in vivo colchicine treatment. The present study includes the chromosomal investigation on R. aculeatus, using conventional (Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR and C-banding) and molecular approaches (in situ mapping of five different repetitive DNA classes including 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, (CA)15, (GA)15 and (CAA)10 as markers.) The results showed that R. aculeatus has karyotypes formed exclusively by telocentric chromosomes (44t; NF=44). The C-positive heterochromatic blocks are preferentially located in the centromeric and telomeric regions of some chromosomal pairs. The Ag-NOR sites occupy the interstitial position of the long arms of the largest telocentric pair (pair 1). The exclusive location of the major ribosomal sites in these pairs was confirmed by hybridization with 18S rDNA probes. However, the 5S rDNA genes are not located on 18S rDNA-bearing chromosomes, but instead located exclusively in the subcentromeric region of pair 4. The mapping of (CA)15, (GA)15 and (CAA)10 microsatellites are sparsely dispersed along all the chromosomes. The karyotype formula of R. aculeatus is 2n (44) = 44t.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84788782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1831
N. Taşar, İlhan Kaya Tekbudak, I. Demir, M. Açar, M. Kürşat
This study investigated the somatic chromosome numbers and morphometric properties of 11 different taxa belonging to the genus Cuscuta L., which is one of the parasitic flowering plants and causes significant economic losses on agricultural products. For this purpose, the species were examined karyologically and compared statistically. Belonging to the genus Cuscuta, C. campestris Yunck., C. hyalina Roth, C. kotschyana Boiss., C. babylonica Aucher ex Choisy, C. europaea L., C. kurdica Engelm., C. brevistyla A.Braun ex A.Rich, C. planiflora Ten., C. approximata Bab., C. lupuliformis Krock. C. palaestina Boiss. the chromosome number and morphology of the species were investigated using karyological techniques. Chromosome numbers of the species; C. kotschyana, C. babylonica, C. europaea, C. kurdica, C.planiflora 2n=14; C. campestris, C. hyalina, C. approximata, C. lupuliformis, and C. palaestina 2n=28 and C. brevistyla 2n=42 is determined. Also, the species’ chromosome number, total chromosome length, relative length, arm ratio, centromere index and centromere states, and karyotype asymmetry values were determined. Chromosome numbers of C. kotschyana and C. kurdica taxa were defined for the first time in this study. Thus, new data on the systematics of these species have been revealed.
菟丝子属(Cuscuta L.)是一种对农产品造成重大经济损失的寄生开花植物，对其11个不同类群的体细胞染色体数目和形态特征进行了研究。为此，对这些物种进行了核学检查和统计比较。属于菟丝子属，菟丝子属。， C. hyalina Roth, C. kotschyana Boiss。， C. babylonica Aucher ex Choisy, C. europaea L.， C. kurdica Engelm。A.Braun ex . A.Rich, C. planiflora， C.近似;C. lupuliformis Krock。巴勒斯坦Boiss;利用核生物学技术对该物种的染色体数目和形态进行了研究。物种的染色体数目;C. kotschyana, C. babylonica, C. europaea, C. kurdica, C.planiflora 2n=14;确定了C. campestris、C. hyalina、C. approximata、C. lupuliformis和C. palaestia 2n=28和C. brevistyla 2n=42。测定了该物种的染色体数目、染色体总长度、相对长度、臂比、着丝粒指数和着丝粒状态以及核型不对称值。本研究首次确定了小檗和小檗分类群的染色体数目。由此，揭示了这些物种系统分类学的新数据。
{"title":"Comparative karyological analysis of some Turkish Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae)","authors":"N. Taşar, İlhan Kaya Tekbudak, I. Demir, M. Açar, M. Kürşat","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1831","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the somatic chromosome numbers and morphometric properties of 11 different taxa belonging to the genus Cuscuta L., which is one of the parasitic flowering plants and causes significant economic losses on agricultural products. For this purpose, the species were examined karyologically and compared statistically. Belonging to the genus Cuscuta, C. campestris Yunck., C. hyalina Roth, C. kotschyana Boiss., C. babylonica Aucher ex Choisy, C. europaea L., C. kurdica Engelm., C. brevistyla A.Braun ex A.Rich, C. planiflora Ten., C. approximata Bab., C. lupuliformis Krock. C. palaestina Boiss. the chromosome number and morphology of the species were investigated using karyological techniques. Chromosome numbers of the species; C. kotschyana, C. babylonica, C. europaea, C. kurdica, C.planiflora 2n=14; C. campestris, C. hyalina, C. approximata, C. lupuliformis, and C. palaestina 2n=28 and C. brevistyla 2n=42 is determined. Also, the species’ chromosome number, total chromosome length, relative length, arm ratio, centromere index and centromere states, and karyotype asymmetry values were determined. Chromosome numbers of C. kotschyana and C. kurdica taxa were defined for the first time in this study. Thus, new data on the systematics of these species have been revealed.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89657830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1728
Marlon Garcia Paitan, Maricielo Postillos-Flores, Luis Rojas Vasquez, Maria Siles Vallejos, Alberto López Sotomayor
Physalis peruviana L. often known as goldenberry, has increased its commercial growth in the international market in recent years due to its nutritional value and antioxidant potential. This situation has enabled countries such as Peru to increase their production in order to meet the global demand. However, investigations about the genetic diversity of cultivated and wild populations of goldenberry are still in their early stages. FISH mapping of 5s and 45s rDNA loci and flow cytometry estimation of nuclear DNA content were used to assess genetic differences between wild and cultivated goldenberry populations from Ayacucho and Cajamarca. The majority of metaphases had six 5s rDNA sites for all populations and two and four 45s rDNA sites for the cultivated and wild populations, respectively. We were able to characterize nine different types of chromosomes based on their morphology, fluorescence, rDNA location, and conservation across populations by analyzing the chromosomes that contained rDNA. Furthermore, cultivated populations had more nuclear DNA (13.262±0.087 pg) than wild populations (12.955±0.086 pg). The results show genetic differences between wild and cultivated populations of goldenberry at molecular cytogenetic level as well as in genome size. These findings establish a precedent for future cytogenetic and genomic studies in goldenberry populations, enabling future breeding programs.
{"title":"Nuclear DNA content and comparative FISH mapping of the 5s and 45s rDNA in wild and cultivated populations of Physalis peruviana L.","authors":"Marlon Garcia Paitan, Maricielo Postillos-Flores, Luis Rojas Vasquez, Maria Siles Vallejos, Alberto López Sotomayor","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1728","url":null,"abstract":"Physalis peruviana L. often known as goldenberry, has increased its commercial growth in the international market in recent years due to its nutritional value and antioxidant potential. This situation has enabled countries such as Peru to increase their production in order to meet the global demand. However, investigations about the genetic diversity of cultivated and wild populations of goldenberry are still in their early stages. FISH mapping of 5s and 45s rDNA loci and flow cytometry estimation of nuclear DNA content were used to assess genetic differences between wild and cultivated goldenberry populations from Ayacucho and Cajamarca. The majority of metaphases had six 5s rDNA sites for all populations and two and four 45s rDNA sites for the cultivated and wild populations, respectively. We were able to characterize nine different types of chromosomes based on their morphology, fluorescence, rDNA location, and conservation across populations by analyzing the chromosomes that contained rDNA. Furthermore, cultivated populations had more nuclear DNA (13.262±0.087 pg) than wild populations (12.955±0.086 pg). The results show genetic differences between wild and cultivated populations of goldenberry at molecular cytogenetic level as well as in genome size. These findings establish a precedent for future cytogenetic and genomic studies in goldenberry populations, enabling future breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85945963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-12DOI: 10.36253/caryologia-1628
I. Simão, Hermenegildo Costa, H. Oliveira, H. Silva, P. Silveira
Knowledge regarding genome size allows us to infer relationships between taxa, address questions related to systematics and contribute to biodiversity studies. However, currently, less than 3% of the described Pteridophyta species have genome size estimates reported in databases, and only around one third of these are tropical species, although the tropics are home of 86% of fern diversity. The region of Timor-Leste, included in one of the 25 hotspots of biodiversity, is considered one of the richest areas of the world in terms of pteridophyte species. Nonetheless, biodiversity-driven research focused on this territory’s biodiversity is scarce. This study presents novel 2C-values for 15 species of ferns collected in Timor-Leste, using flow cytometry. Furthermore, one species of the lycophyte Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Vasc. & Franco, was also studied and its estimated genome size compared to a previous report. Estimates ranged from 10.45 pg in Selliguea feei Bory to 29.7 pg in Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel, and are considered medium-size genomes. The data was compared with previous reports for closely related species. These are the first 2C-values for two families and seven genera of ferns, increasing the number of pteridophytes with reported C-values from 292 to 307.
{"title":"Nuclear DNA 2C-values for 16 species from Timor-Leste increases taxonomical representation in tropical ferns and lycophytes","authors":"I. Simão, Hermenegildo Costa, H. Oliveira, H. Silva, P. Silveira","doi":"10.36253/caryologia-1628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1628","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge regarding genome size allows us to infer relationships between taxa, address questions related to systematics and contribute to biodiversity studies. However, currently, less than 3% of the described Pteridophyta species have genome size estimates reported in databases, and only around one third of these are tropical species, although the tropics are home of 86% of fern diversity. The region of Timor-Leste, included in one of the 25 hotspots of biodiversity, is considered one of the richest areas of the world in terms of pteridophyte species. Nonetheless, biodiversity-driven research focused on this territory’s biodiversity is scarce. This study presents novel 2C-values for 15 species of ferns collected in Timor-Leste, using flow cytometry. Furthermore, one species of the lycophyte Palhinhaea cernua (L.) Vasc. & Franco, was also studied and its estimated genome size compared to a previous report. Estimates ranged from 10.45 pg in Selliguea feei Bory to 29.7 pg in Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel, and are considered medium-size genomes. The data was compared with previous reports for closely related species. These are the first 2C-values for two families and seven genera of ferns, increasing the number of pteridophytes with reported C-values from 292 to 307.","PeriodicalId":9634,"journal":{"name":"Caryologia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82180384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：