Downy mildew caused by the oomycete Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni is one of the most harmful sunflower diseases. Among the various measures to control it, the most economical is the development of resistant genotypes. At present, Pl6, Pl8, and Plarg loci are promising for use in breeding, providing resistance to all known P. halstedii races. Microsatellite markers (SSR) help to control the transfer of genes that control resistance in breeding material. However, validation of the marker is needed to prove its reliability in gene detection. There was studied the polymorphism of 9 microsatellite loci in 196 sunflower lines with different resistance to downy mildew. The ORS328 microsatellite locus was chosen as a marker of the Pl6 gene. Amplified fragment with 271 bp allows identifying genotypes resistant to the race 330. The lines that are the sources of the Pl8 gene did not differ from the others in the allelic composition of the ORS781 locus. Among the analyzed breeding samples, no polymorphism was revealed at this locus. To identify the Plarg gene, SSR markers ORS662 and ORS509 were selected. The analysis of 12 samples of the F2 generation from RHA-419 × I3BC2 (VK585 × VK195) crossing at these loci showed that both markers are inherited codominantly. The studied DNA markers can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) of sunflower for resistance to downy mildew pathogen.
由卵菌Plasmopara halstedii（Farl.）Berl引起的霜霉菌。et de Toni是危害最大的向日葵病害之一。在控制它的各种措施中，最经济的是开发抗性基因型。目前，Pl6、Pl8和Plarg基因座有望用于育种，为所有已知的哈尔斯特毕赤酵母小种提供抗性。微卫星标记（SSR）有助于控制育种材料中控制抗性的基因的转移。然而，需要对该标记进行验证，以证明其在基因检测中的可靠性。研究了196个不同霜霉病抗性向日葵品系的9个微卫星位点的多态性。选择ORS328微卫星位点作为Pl6基因的标记。271bp的扩增片段可以鉴定对小种330具有抗性的基因型。作为Pl8基因来源的品系在ORS781基因座的等位基因组成上与其他品系没有差异。在分析的育种样本中，该基因座没有发现多态性。为了鉴定Plarg基因，选择了SSR标记ORS662和ORS509。对RHA-419×I3BC2（VK585×VK195）在这两个位点杂交的F2代12个样本的分析表明，这两个标记是共显性遗传的。所研究的DNA标记可用于向日葵霜霉病抗性的标记辅助选择。
{"title":"Validation of microsatellite markers to identify Pl6, Pl8 and Plarg genes that control resistance to Plasmopara halstedii in sunflower","authors":"Ramazanova Svetlana Alekseevna, Badyanov Evgeny Vitalievich, Guchetl Saida Zaurbievna","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5042","url":null,"abstract":"Downy mildew caused by the oomycete Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.) Berl. et de Toni is one of the most harmful sunflower diseases. Among the various measures to control it, the most economical is the development of resistant genotypes. At present, Pl6, Pl8, and Plarg loci are promising for use in breeding, providing resistance to all known P. halstedii races. Microsatellite markers (SSR) help to control the transfer of genes that control resistance in breeding material. However, validation of the marker is needed to prove its reliability in gene detection. There was studied the polymorphism of 9 microsatellite loci in 196 sunflower lines with different resistance to downy mildew. The ORS328 microsatellite locus was chosen as a marker of the Pl6 gene. Amplified fragment with 271 bp allows identifying genotypes resistant to the race 330. The lines that are the sources of the Pl8 gene did not differ from the others in the allelic composition of the ORS781 locus. Among the analyzed breeding samples, no polymorphism was revealed at this locus. To identify the Plarg gene, SSR markers ORS662 and ORS509 were selected. The analysis of 12 samples of the F2 generation from RHA-419 × I3BC2 (VK585 × VK195) crossing at these loci showed that both markers are inherited codominantly. The studied DNA markers can be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) of sunflower for resistance to downy mildew pathogen.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47691870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Kudryavtsev, L. Zaitseva, O. Savoskina, S. Chebanenko, I. Zavertkin
The article presents the main trends of weed floristic composition change in flax crops, associated with the development of agrotechnical methods of this crop cultivation. It is shown that the development of scientific and technical support for the flax industry contributes to a more complete satisfaction of culture with all factors of life and enhances its competitive ability. So, the phytocenotic role of many segetal weeds present in crops decreases, up to their complete loss from agrophytocenosis. They considered the actual weediness of flax crops and the biological effectiveness of various preparations and their compositions to prevent weeds.
{"title":"Herbological and agrotechnological approaches to weeding plants in modern flax growing","authors":"N. Kudryavtsev, L. Zaitseva, O. Savoskina, S. Chebanenko, I. Zavertkin","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5040","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the main trends of weed floristic composition change in flax crops, associated with the development of agrotechnical methods of this crop cultivation. It is shown that the development of scientific and technical support for the flax industry contributes to a more complete satisfaction of culture with all factors of life and enhances its competitive ability. So, the phytocenotic role of many segetal weeds present in crops decreases, up to their complete loss from agrophytocenosis. They considered the actual weediness of flax crops and the biological effectiveness of various preparations and their compositions to prevent weeds.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43700700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aleksandr Ivanovich Belolubtsev, V. Ilinich, E. Dronova, I. Asaulyak, I. Kuznetsov
The article deals with the test of the main hypothesis about regional climate warming based on the analysis of unique continuous long-term observations of air temperature in 1879-2018 at V.A. Mikhelson meteorological observatory. The authors present annual and seasonal trends of air temperature for 140 years, which indicate its increase practically during the entire observation period. All considered statistical series can be characterized by the normal distribution of random variables. The cyclical nature of changes in air temperature for all series relative to their long-term average values and a period of a clear significant increase in temperature, which falls on the last three decades of both annual values and seasonal time intervals, have been revealed. Statistical criteria determined a clearly heterogeneous pattern of this period in relation to both the previous observation years and the entire 140-year period; in particular, its average air temperature is quite higher, which proves the warming of the region's climate over the past decades. It has been noted that the degree of air temperature rise in winter is higher than in summer. Positive changes in the elements of the heat balance, both during the growing season and throughout the year, in particular, the improvement of the conditions for overwintering agricultural crops, predetermines the need for research in the possible expansion of their varieties for cultivation in the Moscow region. Based on a comprehensive analysis and logical conclusions, we made a hypothesis about the influence of intensive development of heated buildings around the meteorological station on the air temperature rise in the last half century; however, it is impossible to measure such an influence today, as well as the influence of global warming due to other factors.
{"title":"Assessment of trends of air temperature based on 140-year observations of V.A. Mikhelson Meteorological Observatory","authors":"Aleksandr Ivanovich Belolubtsev, V. Ilinich, E. Dronova, I. Asaulyak, I. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5041","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the test of the main hypothesis about regional climate warming based on the analysis of unique continuous long-term observations of air temperature in 1879-2018 at V.A. Mikhelson meteorological observatory. The authors present annual and seasonal trends of air temperature for 140 years, which indicate its increase practically during the entire observation period. All considered statistical series can be characterized by the normal distribution of random variables. The cyclical nature of changes in air temperature for all series relative to their long-term average values and a period of a clear significant increase in temperature, which falls on the last three decades of both annual values and seasonal time intervals, have been revealed. Statistical criteria determined a clearly heterogeneous pattern of this period in relation to both the previous observation years and the entire 140-year period; in particular, its average air temperature is quite higher, which proves the warming of the region's climate over the past decades. It has been noted that the degree of air temperature rise in winter is higher than in summer. Positive changes in the elements of the heat balance, both during the growing season and throughout the year, in particular, the improvement of the conditions for overwintering agricultural crops, predetermines the need for research in the possible expansion of their varieties for cultivation in the Moscow region. Based on a comprehensive analysis and logical conclusions, we made a hypothesis about the influence of intensive development of heated buildings around the meteorological station on the air temperature rise in the last half century; however, it is impossible to measure such an influence today, as well as the influence of global warming due to other factors.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46429522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zinchenko, Sergei Ivanovich Zinchenko, M. Mazirov, Aleksandr Olegovich Ragimov, A. Shitikova
The objective was to monitor the biological indicators to assess the ecological sustainability of gray forest soil, due to the different level of agrotechnical burden on agricultural landscapes. During 10 years of research (2011-2020) the number of bacteria using various forms of nitrogen was continuously decreasing on the background of mineral intensification. The total average pool of active microflora on organomineral and mineral backgrounds in moulboard plowing was 20.1 and 16.1 million CFU g-1 of soil, respectively, during the period of observations. In non-moldboard plowing, the same average pool was 18.8 and 15.9 million CFU g-1. The minimum pool was maintained on a high-intensity mineral background in moldboard plowing, amounting to 14.5 million CFU g-1 of soil. The decrease in the total bacterial number in the soil of mineral backgrounds indicates a deterioration in their ecological stability. The calculated ecological and trophic indices indicate less ecologically stable low-intensity mineral background in moldboard plowing. This variant showed relatively low values of humus accumulation coefficients (Ch = 0.39) and transformation of organic residues into soil organic matter (Ct = 5.4) established at the highest mineralization coefficient (Cm = 1.57). In this soil, mineralization of organic matter prevails, which reduces its fertility and environmental sustainability. On this background, the activity of the studied enzymes was lower than in other variants and in the soil deposits. A set of micromycetes has shown to grow on mineral intensification backgrounds, especially on a high-intensity mineral background, where moldboard plowing was used as the main treatment. The lowest phytotoxicity was noted on a high-intensity organic-mineral intensification background –21.4%. Both microbiological and biochemical parameters represents an informative diagnostic feature of the ecological state of agrolandscapes. They ensure an objective assessment of the efficiency and degree of agrotechnical burden, predicting a decrease in environmental sustainability on mineral intensification backgrounds.
{"title":"Biological indicators in the environmental monitoring of gray forest soil of agrosystems","authors":"M. Zinchenko, Sergei Ivanovich Zinchenko, M. Mazirov, Aleksandr Olegovich Ragimov, A. Shitikova","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5024","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to monitor the biological indicators to assess the ecological sustainability of gray forest soil, due to the different level of agrotechnical burden on agricultural landscapes. During 10 years of research (2011-2020) the number of bacteria using various forms of nitrogen was continuously decreasing on the background of mineral intensification. The total average pool of active microflora on organomineral and mineral backgrounds in moulboard plowing was 20.1 and 16.1 million CFU g-1 of soil, respectively, during the period of observations. In non-moldboard plowing, the same average pool was 18.8 and 15.9 million CFU g-1. The minimum pool was maintained on a high-intensity mineral background in moldboard plowing, amounting to 14.5 million CFU g-1 of soil. The decrease in the total bacterial number in the soil of mineral backgrounds indicates a deterioration in their ecological stability. The calculated ecological and trophic indices indicate less ecologically stable low-intensity mineral background in moldboard plowing. This variant showed relatively low values of humus accumulation coefficients (Ch = 0.39) and transformation of organic residues into soil organic matter (Ct = 5.4) established at the highest mineralization coefficient (Cm = 1.57). In this soil, mineralization of organic matter prevails, which reduces its fertility and environmental sustainability. On this background, the activity of the studied enzymes was lower than in other variants and in the soil deposits. A set of micromycetes has shown to grow on mineral intensification backgrounds, especially on a high-intensity mineral background, where moldboard plowing was used as the main treatment. The lowest phytotoxicity was noted on a high-intensity organic-mineral intensification background –21.4%. Both microbiological and biochemical parameters represents an informative diagnostic feature of the ecological state of agrolandscapes. They ensure an objective assessment of the efficiency and degree of agrotechnical burden, predicting a decrease in environmental sustainability on mineral intensification backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kalashnikova, Daria Ganaeva, Anastasiia Andreevna Desiaterik, Rima Norikovna Kirakosian, A. Gushchin
Chrysanthemum plants are popular with amateur gardeners and breeders. It is widely used in landscaping cities, parks, and also for bouquets. Plants are notable for longer flowering and a bright color of flowers. Extracts of chrysanthemum plants contain various biologically active substances with bactericidal properties and are used in pharmacology and dentistry. The objective is to develop an effective technology for rapid in vitro reproduction and adaptation of chrysanthemum microclones. The objects of the study were chrysanthemum plants of three varieties: Bacardi, Korean Dawn, and Snow White. Semifloscules and flower buds were used as primary explants. The explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium containing mineral salts, as well as various growth regulators: 1) 1 mg L-1 BAP + 0.5 mg L-1 IAA; 2) 15% Aminoven solution 3 mL L-1 ; 3) Stimul 1 mL L-1 ; and 4) a hormone-free medium. Microshoots were adapted using an aeroponic system. Unrooted microshoots were used for adaptation. The GrowPlant X-Stream 120 propagator was used as equipment for adaptation. The frequency of adventious budding depended on the hormonal composition of the nutrient medium. Aminoven in the nutrient medium led to the induction of the formation of adventitious buds on average in 85% of cases. The same indicator averaged 72% on the Stimul-containing medium. In a BAP-containing medium, the considered indicator was the same with the control variant (hormone-free medium). The Snow White explants had the highest regenerative activity, Bacardi was second, and Korean Dawn was third. Studies have shown that the efficiency of adaptation of unrooted microshoots under aeroponic conditions is significantly influenced by the composition of the nutrient medium during micropropagation. Thus, preliminary cultivation of microshoots in vitro on Stimul and Aminoven-containing media led to the rapid formation of the root system and active growth of the aerial part. In these variants, the shoot growth index (I) was 0.65-0.71, and specific rate (µ) was 0.89-1.1 mm day-1.
菊花受到业余园丁和饲养者的欢迎。它被广泛用于城市景观、公园和花束。植物以开花时间长和花朵颜色鲜艳而闻名。菊花提取物含有多种具有杀菌特性的生物活性物质，用于药理学和牙科。目的是开发一种有效的菊花微克隆体外快速繁殖和适应技术。研究对象是三个品种的菊花：百加得、韩国黎明和白雪公主。以半花和花蕾为外植体。外植体在含有矿物盐以及各种生长调节剂的Murashige和Skoog（MS）营养培养基上培养：1）1 mg L-1 BAP+0.5 mg L-1 IAA；2） 15%氨基芬溶液3 mL L-1；3） 刺激剂1 mL L-1；和4）不含激素的培养基。使用气培系统对微距镜头进行了调整。未扎根的微距镜头被用于适应。GrowPlant X-Stream 120繁殖器被用作适应设备。冒险出芽的频率取决于营养培养基的激素组成。在85%的情况下，营养培养基中的氨基芬平均能诱导不定芽的形成。在含有刺激剂的培养基上，相同指标的平均值为72%。在含有BAP的培养基中，所考虑的指示剂与对照变体（无激素培养基）相同。雪花外植体再生活性最高，百加得次之，韩国道恩次之。研究表明，在气培条件下，微繁殖过程中营养培养基的组成显著影响未发芽微芽的适应效率。因此，在含有刺激物和氨基芬的培养基上进行微芽的体外初步培养，导致根系的快速形成和地上部分的活跃生长。在这些变体中，芽生长指数（I）为0.65-0.71，比生长率（µ）为0.89-1.1 mm day-1。
{"title":"Innovative technologies for cloned plants adaptation","authors":"E. Kalashnikova, Daria Ganaeva, Anastasiia Andreevna Desiaterik, Rima Norikovna Kirakosian, A. Gushchin","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5022","url":null,"abstract":"Chrysanthemum plants are popular with amateur gardeners and breeders. It is widely used in landscaping cities, parks, and also for bouquets. Plants are notable for longer flowering and a bright color of flowers. Extracts of chrysanthemum plants contain various biologically active substances with bactericidal properties and are used in pharmacology and dentistry. The objective is to develop an effective technology for rapid in vitro reproduction and adaptation of chrysanthemum microclones. The objects of the study were chrysanthemum plants of three varieties: Bacardi, Korean Dawn, and Snow White. Semifloscules and flower buds were used as primary explants. The explants were cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium containing mineral salts, as well as various growth regulators: 1) 1 mg L-1 BAP + 0.5 mg L-1 IAA; 2) 15% Aminoven solution 3 mL L-1 ; 3) Stimul 1 mL L-1 ; and 4) a hormone-free medium. Microshoots were adapted using an aeroponic system. Unrooted microshoots were used for adaptation. The GrowPlant X-Stream 120 propagator was used as equipment for adaptation. The frequency of adventious budding depended on the hormonal composition of the nutrient medium. Aminoven in the nutrient medium led to the induction of the formation of adventitious buds on average in 85% of cases. The same indicator averaged 72% on the Stimul-containing medium. In a BAP-containing medium, the considered indicator was the same with the control variant (hormone-free medium). The Snow White explants had the highest regenerative activity, Bacardi was second, and Korean Dawn was third. Studies have shown that the efficiency of adaptation of unrooted microshoots under aeroponic conditions is significantly influenced by the composition of the nutrient medium during micropropagation. Thus, preliminary cultivation of microshoots in vitro on Stimul and Aminoven-containing media led to the rapid formation of the root system and active growth of the aerial part. In these variants, the shoot growth index (I) was 0.65-0.71, and specific rate (µ) was 0.89-1.1 mm day-1.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49238093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mednov Alexander Vladimirovich, Goncharov Alexey Vyacheslavovich, Volpe Artyom Anatolyevich, Matveenko Kristina Andreyevna, Kalabashkina Elena Vladimirovna
Spring vetch in single and mixed crops forms a green mass in various meteorological conditions and is a member of the green conveyor. It is widely used in intermediate crops (mowing, repeated, stubble). Due to the fact that pure crops of spring vetch are lodged, oats, spring wheat, barley, etc. are used as support crops. Most of the zoned varieties of the universal grain type have medium-sized seeds and are distinguished by high grain and green mass productivity. In variety testing of spring vetch of three varieties belonging to different groups by seed size, it is of interest to use them. Small-seed varieties of spring vetch are universal, while large-seed grain forage varieties. The search for varieties that meet high requirements for tolerance, field germination and survival in joint crops is an urgent task.
{"title":"Productivity of spring vetch plants in single and mixed crops depending on meteorological conditions","authors":"Mednov Alexander Vladimirovich, Goncharov Alexey Vyacheslavovich, Volpe Artyom Anatolyevich, Matveenko Kristina Andreyevna, Kalabashkina Elena Vladimirovna","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5025","url":null,"abstract":"Spring vetch in single and mixed crops forms a green mass in various meteorological conditions and is a member of the green conveyor. It is widely used in intermediate crops (mowing, repeated, stubble). Due to the fact that pure crops of spring vetch are lodged, oats, spring wheat, barley, etc. are used as support crops. Most of the zoned varieties of the universal grain type have medium-sized seeds and are distinguished by high grain and green mass productivity. In variety testing of spring vetch of three varieties belonging to different groups by seed size, it is of interest to use them. Small-seed varieties of spring vetch are universal, while large-seed grain forage varieties. The search for varieties that meet high requirements for tolerance, field germination and survival in joint crops is an urgent task.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44279089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Maslienko, A. Voronkova, L. Datsenko, E. Efimtseva
Fusarium blight is the most harmful disease of oil flax, which affects crops in all cultivation regions during the growing season. Considering the value of flaxseed oil, which is also used for medical purposes, it is advisable to use biological preparations to obtain environmentally safe products, which allow not only to ensure the protection of plants from diseases but also to improve the ecological situation. In recent years (2018-2020), at the biomethod laboratory of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops has been carried out the search of the promising producer strains for developing microbiopreparations against the pathogen of oil flax Fusarium blight with a multifunctional type of action and a prolonged shelf life. These studies involve the study of the antagonistic mechanisms of promising producer strains of microbiopreparations on the disease pathogen. The article presents the effect of the promising antagonist strain T-1 Trichoderma sp. on the pathogen of oil flax Fusarium blight Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Shyd. et Hans. var. orthoceras (App. et Wr.) Bilai, identified as a result of a gradual screening. High competition of the antagonist strain for the feeding area, its hyperparasitic and antibiotic activity was established during the co-cultivation of the antagonist and the pathogen by the method of double cultures. During the study of the mechanism of the antagonistic action of the promising producer strain on the Fusarium blight pathogen using a light microscope, it was found that even before coalescence with the antagonist colony on the second day of coincubation, the shrinking of certain areas in the pathogen mycelium was noted, which proves the antibiotic activity of the fungal antagonist T-1 Trichoderma sp. On the 4th day of co-cultivation, after coalescence of the pathogen and antagonist colonies, aggregation of the pathogen mycelium into the cords and the effect of the antagonist mycelium coiling around the pathogen hyphae were observed . On the 6th day, the effect of the antagonist mycelium coiling around the pathogen hyphae increased. By the 8th-10th days of interaction, there was observed degradation and lysis of the aerial and substrate mycelium of the pathogen of oil flax Fusarium blight. Over the entire observation period, there was noted the normal development of the oil flax Fusarium blight pathogen Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras in the control.
{"title":"Antagonistic effect of the promising fungal producer strain of microbiopreparation T-1 Trichoderma sp. on oil flax Fusarium blight","authors":"L. Maslienko, A. Voronkova, L. Datsenko, E. Efimtseva","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5023","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium blight is the most harmful disease of oil flax, which affects crops in all cultivation regions during the growing season. Considering the value of flaxseed oil, which is also used for medical purposes, it is advisable to use biological preparations to obtain environmentally safe products, which allow not only to ensure the protection of plants from diseases but also to improve the ecological situation. In recent years (2018-2020), at the biomethod laboratory of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops has been carried out the search of the promising producer strains for developing microbiopreparations against the pathogen of oil flax Fusarium blight with a multifunctional type of action and a prolonged shelf life. These studies involve the study of the antagonistic mechanisms of promising producer strains of microbiopreparations on the disease pathogen. The article presents the effect of the promising antagonist strain T-1 Trichoderma sp. on the pathogen of oil flax Fusarium blight Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. emend. Shyd. et Hans. var. orthoceras (App. et Wr.) Bilai, identified as a result of a gradual screening. High competition of the antagonist strain for the feeding area, its hyperparasitic and antibiotic activity was established during the co-cultivation of the antagonist and the pathogen by the method of double cultures. During the study of the mechanism of the antagonistic action of the promising producer strain on the Fusarium blight pathogen using a light microscope, it was found that even before coalescence with the antagonist colony on the second day of coincubation, the shrinking of certain areas in the pathogen mycelium was noted, which proves the antibiotic activity of the fungal antagonist T-1 Trichoderma sp. On the 4th day of co-cultivation, after coalescence of the pathogen and antagonist colonies, aggregation of the pathogen mycelium into the cords and the effect of the antagonist mycelium coiling around the pathogen hyphae were observed . On the 6th day, the effect of the antagonist mycelium coiling around the pathogen hyphae increased. By the 8th-10th days of interaction, there was observed degradation and lysis of the aerial and substrate mycelium of the pathogen of oil flax Fusarium blight. Over the entire observation period, there was noted the normal development of the oil flax Fusarium blight pathogen Fusarium oxysporum var. orthoceras in the control.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49644171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Gordovskaia, Tatiana Mikhailovna Peretiagina, T. A. Kovalenko, Y. Demurin
Breeding for high total content of tocopherols (vitamin E) in sunflower seed oil involves studying the genetics of this trait. Twenty-nine inbred lines of sunflower with different total tocopherol content (TTC) were selected from 60 samples of the original material and studied at VNIIMK, Krasnodar, in 2016-2019. TTC was determined in an average sample from a head of shelled seeds by direct hexane extraction and further measurement of the optical density of the colored solution on a spectrophotometer. Both the genotype and the growing conditions influence the TTC in the seeds. The average range of variation over four years was from 302 to 605 mg kg-1. The largest differences, 2.6 times, between genotypes were found in 2018 with a range of variability from 258 to 667 mg kg-1. Significant differences were found between the average values of 360 mg kg-1 in 2017 and 432 mg kg-1 in 2019. The genotype and the year of growing have the greatest influence on the TTC, measured as 65% and 8%, respectively, and the genotype-year interaction accounts for 14% of the effect. The TTC correlation coefficient in the parent-offspring series was 0.65–0.85, and the heritability coefficient in the studied lines was 42–72%. The data on the valuable genetic control of TTC in seeds can help predict the effectiveness of breeding to improve this trait.
{"title":"Genotypic and environmental variability of the total content of tocopherols in the seeds of inbred sunflower lines","authors":"Nadezhda Nikolaevna Gordovskaia, Tatiana Mikhailovna Peretiagina, T. A. Kovalenko, Y. Demurin","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5018","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding for high total content of tocopherols (vitamin E) in sunflower seed oil involves studying the genetics of this trait. Twenty-nine inbred lines of sunflower with different total tocopherol content (TTC) were selected from 60 samples of the original material and studied at VNIIMK, Krasnodar, in 2016-2019. TTC was determined in an average sample from a head of shelled seeds by direct hexane extraction and further measurement of the optical density of the colored solution on a spectrophotometer. Both the genotype and the growing conditions influence the TTC in the seeds. The average range of variation over four years was from 302 to 605 mg kg-1. The largest differences, 2.6 times, between genotypes were found in 2018 with a range of variability from 258 to 667 mg kg-1. Significant differences were found between the average values of 360 mg kg-1 in 2017 and 432 mg kg-1 in 2019. The genotype and the year of growing have the greatest influence on the TTC, measured as 65% and 8%, respectively, and the genotype-year interaction accounts for 14% of the effect. The TTC correlation coefficient in the parent-offspring series was 0.65–0.85, and the heritability coefficient in the studied lines was 42–72%. The data on the valuable genetic control of TTC in seeds can help predict the effectiveness of breeding to improve this trait.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41401303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The modern Russian food market is constantly enriched with new types of products obtained from the crops previously unknown to the domestic consumer. One of the plants of interest in this regard is quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd., a pseudo-grain culture from the Amaranthaceae Juss family of the Chenopodioideae Burnett subfamily. Grain quinoa has a high nutritional value and a unique chemical composition: it has a high protein content (up to 20%), which contains the most important amino acids. It does not contain gluten, and is rich in polyunsaturated oils, vitamins and minerals. The adaptive potential of quinoa allows it to be cultivated in a wide range of agricultural-ecological conditions. It should be noted that quinoa is resistant to abiotic stresses, which is important, taking into account global climate changes, the manifestations of which negatively affect the productivity of traditional agricultural crops.
{"title":"Crop development peculiarities among quinoa foreign varieties (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) in agriclimatic conditions of Crnbez","authors":"E. M. Kurenkova, O. V. Kukharenkova, A. Shitikova","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5017","url":null,"abstract":"The modern Russian food market is constantly enriched with new types of products obtained from the crops previously unknown to the domestic consumer. One of the plants of interest in this regard is quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd., a pseudo-grain culture from the Amaranthaceae Juss family of the Chenopodioideae Burnett subfamily. Grain quinoa has a high nutritional value and a unique chemical composition: it has a high protein content (up to 20%), which contains the most important amino acids. It does not contain gluten, and is rich in polyunsaturated oils, vitamins and minerals. The adaptive potential of quinoa allows it to be cultivated in a wide range of agricultural-ecological conditions. It should be noted that quinoa is resistant to abiotic stresses, which is important, taking into account global climate changes, the manifestations of which negatively affect the productivity of traditional agricultural crops.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47399411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to study the antibacterial activity of Silver nanoparticles synthesized by L. acidophilus and the biosynthesis of AgNPs from nonpathogenic bacterial isolates. Fifty samples were obtained during the period from December 2020 to March 2021. AgNO3 was used as a precursor for the synthesis of AgNPs. Biological AgNPs were originally shown by change the color, yellow to reddish-brown. The categorization of AgNPs accomplished by SEM, XRD, AFM, and EDS. SEM exhibited well-dispersed AgNPs, homogenous with a diameter of 40-60 nm, with inconstant shapes, mostly spherical form. XRD detected that the size of AgNPs was 34 nm. AFM also showed the three-dimensional structure of AgNPs and their diameter which was 45.82 nm. EDS exhibited that the AgNPs fabricated was 94.82% silver and 5.18 % oxygen. Silver nanoparticles displayed antibacterial action to MDR of P. mirabilis.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles against proteus mirabilis isolated from patients with food diabetes ulcer","authors":"A. A. Hussein, M. Alsharifi","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5013","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to study the antibacterial activity of Silver nanoparticles synthesized by L. acidophilus and the biosynthesis of AgNPs from nonpathogenic bacterial isolates. Fifty samples were obtained during the period from December 2020 to March 2021. AgNO3 was used as a precursor for the synthesis of AgNPs. Biological AgNPs were originally shown by change the color, yellow to reddish-brown. The categorization of AgNPs accomplished by SEM, XRD, AFM, and EDS. SEM exhibited well-dispersed AgNPs, homogenous with a diameter of 40-60 nm, with inconstant shapes, mostly spherical form. XRD detected that the size of AgNPs was 34 nm. AFM also showed the three-dimensional structure of AgNPs and their diameter which was 45.82 nm. EDS exhibited that the AgNPs fabricated was 94.82% silver and 5.18 % oxygen. Silver nanoparticles displayed antibacterial action to MDR of P. mirabilis.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49364662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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