G. Gataulina, Natalia V. Medvedeva, Sofia Evgenievna Pilipenko, A. Shitikova
Modern varieties of white lupin can be an alternative to soy in overcoming vegetable protein deficiency: to produce or import? Unlike soybeans, lupin seeds do not contain trypsin inhibitors; they don’t need heat treatment to be used in feed. Lupin has a high attachment of beans. It is drought-resistant, adapted to environmental conditions with insufficient moisture. The formation of seedlings is a critical period in the ontogeny of lupin, preceding sprouting. At this time, parameters of seedlings such as the speed and vigor, density, distribution uniformity on the soil surface are determined. The objective is to determine the dynamic characteristics of seedlings of white and blue lupin seeds by alterations in the wet and dry weight of the seedling and its individual organs in laboratory and field experiments. In the laboratory experiments, seeds of white and blue lupins were germinated on sifted and calcined sand, moistened to 80% of the total moisture capacity at 20 oC. On the 4th and 7th days, the wet and dry weight per 100 seedlings, morphological alterations in the seedling bodies and their mass were determined, as well as the expenditure of seed reserve nutrients for the formation of seedlings was calculated. In field experiment, the same parameters of seedlings were determined, considering their laboratory germination (according to the number of viable seeds per 1 m row). The formation features of seedlings of white and blue lupins in laboratory and field experiments have been studied. The certain features influencing the parameters of seedlings in field during the critical "sowing-seedlings” period have been determined.
{"title":"Formation of seedlings of white lupin, Lupinus albus L. and blue lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L. in laboratory and field experiments","authors":"G. Gataulina, Natalia V. Medvedeva, Sofia Evgenievna Pilipenko, A. Shitikova","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5014","url":null,"abstract":"Modern varieties of white lupin can be an alternative to soy in overcoming vegetable protein deficiency: to produce or import? Unlike soybeans, lupin seeds do not contain trypsin inhibitors; they don’t need heat treatment to be used in feed. Lupin has a high attachment of beans. It is drought-resistant, adapted to environmental conditions with insufficient moisture. The formation of seedlings is a critical period in the ontogeny of lupin, preceding sprouting. At this time, parameters of seedlings such as the speed and vigor, density, distribution uniformity on the soil surface are determined. The objective is to determine the dynamic characteristics of seedlings of white and blue lupin seeds by alterations in the wet and dry weight of the seedling and its individual organs in laboratory and field experiments. In the laboratory experiments, seeds of white and blue lupins were germinated on sifted and calcined sand, moistened to 80% of the total moisture capacity at 20 oC. On the 4th and 7th days, the wet and dry weight per 100 seedlings, morphological alterations in the seedling bodies and their mass were determined, as well as the expenditure of seed reserve nutrients for the formation of seedlings was calculated. In field experiment, the same parameters of seedlings were determined, considering their laboratory germination (according to the number of viable seeds per 1 m row). The formation features of seedlings of white and blue lupins in laboratory and field experiments have been studied. The certain features influencing the parameters of seedlings in field during the critical \"sowing-seedlings” period have been determined.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46517665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Lomova, Aleksander G. Redkin, R. Ashuralieva, Guzeliya R. Akhkiyamova, Vitaly M. Smolentsev, P. Bolshanik
The types and degree of anthropogenic impacts have an effect on the ecological state of the environment. There are two main sources of pollution on the territory of cities: industry and motor transport. Currently, with a significant reduction in industrial production, road transport is one of the main sources of environmental pollution. The largest amount (more than 200) of air pollutants is provided by gasoline carburetor engines: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, unburned hydrocarbons. When 1 liter of gasoline is burned, 200 - 400 mg of lead is released, thus, one passenger car emits up to 1 kg of lead into the city atmosphere per year. Diesel engines pollute the atmosphere with soot, sulfur compounds, benzo pyrene. According to American geochemists, in cities more often than in rural areas, we observe cloudy weather, more rain and less snow. Atmospheric dust in cities is 100 times more, exhaust gases, 5-25 times more than in agricultural landscapes. All this affects the health of the population. The favorable factor is that the main streets with heavy traffic are located on the watersheds, in the upper part of the city, where conditions are better for dispersing impurities. However, on streets descending into depressions, where air stagnation and surface inversions are more likely, and where uphill vehicle emissions increase, air pollution is upraised.
{"title":"Investigation of the effect of anthropogenic influences on the change in the geoecological conditions of urbanized territories","authors":"L. A. Lomova, Aleksander G. Redkin, R. Ashuralieva, Guzeliya R. Akhkiyamova, Vitaly M. Smolentsev, P. Bolshanik","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5011","url":null,"abstract":"The types and degree of anthropogenic impacts have an effect on the ecological state of the environment. There are two main sources of pollution on the territory of cities: industry and motor transport. Currently, with a significant reduction in industrial production, road transport is one of the main sources of environmental pollution. The largest amount (more than 200) of air pollutants is provided by gasoline carburetor engines: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, unburned hydrocarbons. When 1 liter of gasoline is burned, 200 - 400 mg of lead is released, thus, one passenger car emits up to 1 kg of lead into the city atmosphere per year. Diesel engines pollute the atmosphere with soot, sulfur compounds, benzo pyrene. According to American geochemists, in cities more often than in rural areas, we observe cloudy weather, more rain and less snow. Atmospheric dust in cities is 100 times more, exhaust gases, 5-25 times more than in agricultural landscapes. All this affects the health of the population. The favorable factor is that the main streets with heavy traffic are located on the watersheds, in the upper part of the city, where conditions are better for dispersing impurities. However, on streets descending into depressions, where air stagnation and surface inversions are more likely, and where uphill vehicle emissions increase, air pollution is upraised.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44292960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many chemical indicators of drinking water pollution. These include heavy metals, radioactive materials, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, disinfectants, and disinfectant additives. Common methods for removing these contaminants from aqueous solutions include chemical precipitation, membrane processes, ion exchange processes, biological processes, adsorption, and chemical reactions. Each of these methods has limitations in application. Many studies have been performed on the use of graphene in filters. Graphite oxide (GO) platelets were prepared using a modified Hummers method. By employing GO platelets, GO/poly (acrylic acid – maleic acid) superabsorbent composites were synthesized by a free radical polymerization of acrylic acid and maleic acid as a monomer, using N, N -methylenebisacrylamide as cross-linker and ammonium persulfate as initiator. The well-dispersed GO platelets in the polymer networks result in a significant improvement in absorbencies in distilled water solutions. The superabsorbent nanocomposite also exhibits a superior water-retention ability compared with the control under the same conditions. GO/P(AA-MA) composite was investigated using felid emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR); GO/P (AA-MA) composite is a highly effective absorbent of crystal violet (CV) and can be used to remove CV from aqueous solution. The kinetics of dye adsorption has been studied in terms of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate expression. The results indicated that the adsorption process followed two models and demonstrated that intraparticle diffusion plays a significant role in the adsorption mechanism.
饮用水污染的化学指标有很多。这些包括重金属、放射性物质、无机化学品、有机化学品、消毒剂和消毒剂添加剂。从水溶液中去除这些污染物的常用方法包括化学沉淀法、膜法、离子交换法、生物法、吸附法和化学反应。每种方法在应用上都有局限性。关于石墨烯在过滤器中的应用已经进行了许多研究。采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨(GO)薄片。以氧化石墨烯薄片为原料，以丙烯酸和马来酸为单体，N, N -亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，过硫酸铵为引发剂，采用自由基聚合法制备了氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯酸-马来酸高吸水性复合材料。聚合物网络中分散良好的氧化石墨烯薄片显著提高了其在蒸馏水溶液中的吸收能力。在相同条件下，与对照相比，高吸水性纳米复合材料也表现出更好的保水能力。采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)对氧化石墨烯/聚丙烯酸甲酯(AA-MA)复合材料进行了研究;GO/P (AA-MA)复合材料是一种高效的结晶紫(CV)吸附剂，可用于去除水溶液中的CV。用拟一级和拟二级速率表达式研究了染料吸附动力学。结果表明，吸附过程遵循两种模式，并表明颗粒内扩散在吸附机理中起重要作用。
{"title":"A novel economical friendly treatment approach: Composite hydrogels","authors":"N. D. Radhy, Layth S. Jasim","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5006","url":null,"abstract":"There are many chemical indicators of drinking water pollution. These include heavy metals, radioactive materials, inorganic chemicals, organic chemicals, disinfectants, and disinfectant additives. Common methods for removing these contaminants from aqueous solutions include chemical precipitation, membrane processes, ion exchange processes, biological processes, adsorption, and chemical reactions. Each of these methods has limitations in application. Many studies have been performed on the use of graphene in filters. Graphite oxide (GO) platelets were prepared using a modified Hummers method. By employing GO platelets, GO/poly (acrylic acid – maleic acid) superabsorbent composites were synthesized by a free radical polymerization of acrylic acid and maleic acid as a monomer, using N, N -methylenebisacrylamide as cross-linker and ammonium persulfate as initiator. The well-dispersed GO platelets in the polymer networks result in a significant improvement in absorbencies in distilled water solutions. The superabsorbent nanocomposite also exhibits a superior water-retention ability compared with the control under the same conditions. GO/P(AA-MA) composite was investigated using felid emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR); GO/P (AA-MA) composite is a highly effective absorbent of crystal violet (CV) and can be used to remove CV from aqueous solution. The kinetics of dye adsorption has been studied in terms of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate expression. The results indicated that the adsorption process followed two models and demonstrated that intraparticle diffusion plays a significant role in the adsorption mechanism.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45164429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaima Hassan Ali Al Abbasi, Abdulhamead Adnan Majeed Al-Majmaei, Ali Talib Hassan Al-Naqib, Ali Majeed Hameed, Marwan Q. AL-Samarraie, Ali H. Altaef
In this study, 20 taxonomic ranks were diagnosed, and Deuteromycota outperformed all the isolates, as it recorded nine taxonomic ranks, including five of them belonging to the genus Aspergillus and four of them to the genus Penicillium, followed by Ascomycota, which displayed five taxonomic ranks, two ranks belong to the genus Alternaria and three to the genus Alternaria. Species belonged to different races, while the vaccinated fungi, Zygomycota exhibited three taxonomic ranks, two of them belong to the genus Mucor and one to the genus Rhizopus, while the oval fungi, Oomycota displayed two species belonging to the genus Pythium, while the sterile fungi, Sterill mycilia revealed the lowest numerical level among the rest of the studied fungi.
{"title":"Isolation and identification of some fungi from rhizospheric soils of some wild plants at Samarra University, Iraq","authors":"Shaima Hassan Ali Al Abbasi, Abdulhamead Adnan Majeed Al-Majmaei, Ali Talib Hassan Al-Naqib, Ali Majeed Hameed, Marwan Q. AL-Samarraie, Ali H. Altaef","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5001","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 20 taxonomic ranks were diagnosed, and Deuteromycota outperformed all the isolates, as it recorded nine taxonomic ranks, including five of them belonging to the genus Aspergillus and four of them to the genus Penicillium, followed by Ascomycota, which displayed five taxonomic ranks, two ranks belong to the genus Alternaria and three to the genus Alternaria. Species belonged to different races, while the vaccinated fungi, Zygomycota exhibited three taxonomic ranks, two of them belong to the genus Mucor and one to the genus Rhizopus, while the oval fungi, Oomycota displayed two species belonging to the genus Pythium, while the sterile fungi, Sterill mycilia revealed the lowest numerical level among the rest of the studied fungi.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49300363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The water quality index (WQI) is an essential part of the water resource management system through its use as a numerical scale to evaluate and classify the quality of the water body for various beneficial uses (drinks, industry and irrigation).The present study used WQI based on the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME-WQI) as a tool for assessing the quality of Tigris River in Wasit Province, Iraq for drinking purposes through assaying different chemical and physical parameters. Four sites were selected along the river between Al-Kut City and Al-Aziziyah from August 2016 through July 2017. Water samples were collected monthly and nine physicochemical parameters were selected: pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chlorides, lead, zinc and manganese. Based on the results of water quality index, the river water was considered as marginal in all the studied sites, and the CCME-WQI ranged between 56-62. The highest deviation has been occurred in phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, lead, and manganese, leading to decrease the water quality index value.
{"title":"Application of CCME water quality index for drinking purpose in Tigris River within Wasit Province, Iraq","authors":"S. F. Ali, Helal Hamud Hays, R. A. Abdul-Jabar","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4999","url":null,"abstract":"The water quality index (WQI) is an essential part of the water resource management system through its use as a numerical scale to evaluate and classify the quality of the water body for various beneficial uses (drinks, industry and irrigation).The present study used WQI based on the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME-WQI) as a tool for assessing the quality of Tigris River in Wasit Province, Iraq for drinking purposes through assaying different chemical and physical parameters. Four sites were selected along the river between Al-Kut City and Al-Aziziyah from August 2016 through July 2017. Water samples were collected monthly and nine physicochemical parameters were selected: pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, sulfate, chlorides, lead, zinc and manganese. Based on the results of water quality index, the river water was considered as marginal in all the studied sites, and the CCME-WQI ranged between 56-62. The highest deviation has been occurred in phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, lead, and manganese, leading to decrease the water quality index value.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46122020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article investigates the experience of the ecosystem production services evaluation of grassland communities using the plant functional traits, leaf area, specific leaf area, and community weighted average specific leaf area (CWM SLA). The direct dependence of the communities’ biomass on the values of the specific leaf area was revealed. Low values of the trait characterize the least productive degraded pasture meadow communities, and the most productive overgrown forest meadows have high values. The studies were conducted on the territory of Raifa forestry Volga-Kama State Natural Biosphere Reserve (VKGPBZ). Based on the outcomes, it is concluded that meadow communities' ecosystem production services can be successfully estimated using the calculation of the community- weighted specific leaf area (CWM SLA).
{"title":"The use of functional plant leaves traits in the production ecosystem services assessment of grassland communities","authors":"Sergeevich Sautkin, T. Rogova, G. Shaykhutdinova","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4981","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the experience of the ecosystem production services evaluation of grassland communities using the plant functional traits, leaf area, specific leaf area, and community weighted average specific leaf area (CWM SLA). The direct dependence of the communities’ biomass on the values of the specific leaf area was revealed. Low values of the trait characterize the least productive degraded pasture meadow communities, and the most productive overgrown forest meadows have high values. The studies were conducted on the territory of Raifa forestry Volga-Kama State Natural Biosphere Reserve (VKGPBZ). Based on the outcomes, it is concluded that meadow communities' ecosystem production services can be successfully estimated using the calculation of the community- weighted specific leaf area (CWM SLA).","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48001134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ca/Fe layered hydroxide (LH) coated with a produced adsorbent was synthesized and characterized by adsorbent from banana peels by a co-precipitation method. The SEM and EDS tests revealed that the particles on the surface of the adsorbent extra-fine, well spread, and the structure of LHs is heterogeneous. The contents of the Fe and Ca after the process increase well according to the EDS analysis. From analysis, it was an enhancement in the specific surface area of the adsorbent from 44.39 m2 g-1 (before synthesizing) to 1022.08 m2 g-1 (after synthesizing). The produced Ca/Fe LH was used for the removal of (Cd++) from aqueous solution; a series of the batch experiments with different dynamic parameters reveals the best removal efficiency of (93.4%) for a (Ca /Fe molar ratio of 2).
{"title":"A coated of Ca/Fe layered hydroxide onto a synthesized adsorbent from (banana peels) for removal of cadmium from simulated wastewater","authors":"H. Abdul-Hameed","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4989","url":null,"abstract":"Ca/Fe layered hydroxide (LH) coated with a produced adsorbent was synthesized and characterized by adsorbent from banana peels by a co-precipitation method. The SEM and EDS tests revealed that the particles on the surface of the adsorbent extra-fine, well spread, and the structure of LHs is heterogeneous. The contents of the Fe and Ca after the process increase well according to the EDS analysis. From analysis, it was an enhancement in the specific surface area of the adsorbent from 44.39 m2 g-1 (before synthesizing) to 1022.08 m2 g-1 (after synthesizing). The produced Ca/Fe LH was used for the removal of (Cd++) from aqueous solution; a series of the batch experiments with different dynamic parameters reveals the best removal efficiency of (93.4%) for a (Ca /Fe molar ratio of 2).","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41304803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was designed to detect the effects of lead on biochemical and molecular characteristics of common carp, Cyprenus carpio L. Two concentrations (10 and 20 ppm) were selected for lead respectively in one week. Biochemical markers such as acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were used to assess lead exposure cytotoxic effects, while lead-induced DNA damage was used to determine the effect of lead on molecular level. Fish samples were treated with two selected concentrations of lead solution (10 and 20 ppm) for one-week duration, as exposure period, to detect the impacts of lead exposure on this species. Various biochemical markers such as acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were applied to determine the cytotoxic impacts of lead exposure at the cellular level, while the lead-induced DNA damages were identified to reveal the influences of lead exposure at the molecular level. The results represent that the highest concentration of lead solution (20 ppm) had more effects on the antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) level (655.17 ± 21.76 mg U-1) followed by acetyl cholinesterase and catalase (655.17 ± 21.76 U L-1 and 87.93 ± 7.22 mg U-1) respectively. The DNA damages were estimated by the Comet assay technique and the highest level of DNA damages were documented when lead concentration was 20 ppm using different parameters of Comet assay technique such as Comet length, tail length, and tail moment (4021 ± 56.11 µL, 523 ± 55.80 µL, and 91.208 ± 9.45 µL respectively). Therefore, this study confirms that the exposure to high lead concentrations would cause harmful effects on aquatic organisms at both cellular and molecular levels.
{"title":"The biochemical and molecular markers of Cyprenus carpio L. after chronic exposure to lead","authors":"W. Mohammed, S. Alahmed, A. M. Almamoori","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4980","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to detect the effects of lead on biochemical and molecular characteristics of common carp, Cyprenus carpio L. Two concentrations (10 and 20 ppm) were selected for lead respectively in one week. Biochemical markers such as acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were used to assess lead exposure cytotoxic effects, while lead-induced DNA damage was used to determine the effect of lead on molecular level. Fish samples were treated with two selected concentrations of lead solution (10 and 20 ppm) for one-week duration, as exposure period, to detect the impacts of lead exposure on this species. Various biochemical markers such as acetylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were applied to determine the cytotoxic impacts of lead exposure at the cellular level, while the lead-induced DNA damages were identified to reveal the influences of lead exposure at the molecular level. The results represent that the highest concentration of lead solution (20 ppm) had more effects on the antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) level (655.17 ± 21.76 mg U-1) followed by acetyl cholinesterase and catalase (655.17 ± 21.76 U L-1 and 87.93 ± 7.22 mg U-1) respectively. The DNA damages were estimated by the Comet assay technique and the highest level of DNA damages were documented when lead concentration was 20 ppm using different parameters of Comet assay technique such as Comet length, tail length, and tail moment (4021 ± 56.11 µL, 523 ± 55.80 µL, and 91.208 ± 9.45 µL respectively). Therefore, this study confirms that the exposure to high lead concentrations would cause harmful effects on aquatic organisms at both cellular and molecular levels.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43975913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Оlga Iurievna Derevenskaia, N. Borisova, Elena Nikolaevna Unkovskaia
Long-term (1998-2018) studies have been carried out on the small lake, Karasikha, located in the territory of the Volga-Kama State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Physicochemical characteristics of the lake water classify it as eutrophic, polluted, with a low oxygen content, but a high content of organic matter and phosphates. In parallel, some studies were carried out on its zooplankton community. Karasikha Lake is the habitat of 70 species of planktonic rotifers and crustaceans identified. Based on the number of species, rotifers predominated and their largest number belonged to Brachionidae family. On average 3-4 species were dominant, as indicators of eutrophic and polluted waters. However, with a relatively high species richness of zooplankton, the community has low quantitative indicators. The low oxygen content in the water column makes zooplankton concentrate mainly in the epilimnion layer (up to 2-3 m in depth). The lowest quantitative indicators of zooplankton are characteristic of the under-ice period, which is also associated with a lack of oxygen in the water. The community is dominated by indicators of dirty waters. The structure of zooplankton communities is typical of highly polluted lakes. Indices based on the taxonomic structure of zooplankton classify the reservoir as highly eutrophic and even hypertrophic.
{"title":"Zooplankton indices in the evaluation of the ecological state of the eutrophic lake (Case study: Karasikha Lake, Russia)","authors":"Оlga Iurievna Derevenskaia, N. Borisova, Elena Nikolaevna Unkovskaia","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4979","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term (1998-2018) studies have been carried out on the small lake, Karasikha, located in the territory of the Volga-Kama State Nature Biosphere Reserve. Physicochemical characteristics of the lake water classify it as eutrophic, polluted, with a low oxygen content, but a high content of organic matter and phosphates. In parallel, some studies were carried out on its zooplankton community. Karasikha Lake is the habitat of 70 species of planktonic rotifers and crustaceans identified. Based on the number of species, rotifers predominated and their largest number belonged to Brachionidae family. On average 3-4 species were dominant, as indicators of eutrophic and polluted waters. However, with a relatively high species richness of zooplankton, the community has low quantitative indicators. The low oxygen content in the water column makes zooplankton concentrate mainly in the epilimnion layer (up to 2-3 m in depth). The lowest quantitative indicators of zooplankton are characteristic of the under-ice period, which is also associated with a lack of oxygen in the water. The community is dominated by indicators of dirty waters. The structure of zooplankton communities is typical of highly polluted lakes. Indices based on the taxonomic structure of zooplankton classify the reservoir as highly eutrophic and even hypertrophic.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44269192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study evaluates the ecological features and food spectra of non-fish water products in Mingachevir and Varvara reservoirs in Azerbaijan. It is established that ecological peculiarities and food spectrum of long-toed river crayfish depend and change not only on the place and living conditions, but also on its age. In addition to environmental features, changes in the nutritional spectrum of long-toed river crayfish at different stages of ontogenesis have also been studied.
{"title":"Ecological peculiarities and food spectrum research of non-fish water products in Mingachavir and Varvara reservoirs in Azerbaijan","authors":"F. R. Gulieva, L. V. Gulieva","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4969","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluates the ecological features and food spectra of non-fish water products in Mingachevir and Varvara reservoirs in Azerbaijan. It is established that ecological peculiarities and food spectrum of long-toed river crayfish depend and change not only on the place and living conditions, but also on its age. In addition to environmental features, changes in the nutritional spectrum of long-toed river crayfish at different stages of ontogenesis have also been studied.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46343590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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