Traditionally, calculation of landscape metrics is commonly conducted on land cover/use maps of entire landscape which is created from remotely sensed data. An interesting approach, however, is to make use of sample data, without the use of wall-to-wall mapping. In the present review and case study, it is aimed to estimate three basic landscape metrics, namely Shannon’s diversity (SH), forest edge length (E) and contagion (C) from field-based sampling data. It is also intended to estimate landscape change using time series datasets. Estimated variance (sampling error) was used to assess landscape metric estimators. For this purpose, sampling data from National Inventory in the Landscape of Sweden (NILS) is used. In this case study, the metrics are estimated with acceptable precision. In most cases, the estimated variance (sampling error) was less than 10 %. The largest sampling error was 28 % for forest edge length. We will be able to compare different landscape at a given time or a landscape over time using filed-based sampling data. Furthermore, in an ecological survey it may be possible to find a relationship between landscape pattern and ecological processes such as biodiversity. The methods applied in this study is very simple and there is no need for extra measurements.
{"title":"Status and trend analysis in landscape pattern through field-based sampling data","authors":"H. Ramezani, F. Ramezani","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4921","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, calculation of landscape metrics is commonly conducted on land cover/use maps of entire landscape which is created from remotely sensed data. An interesting approach, however, is to make use of sample data, without the use of wall-to-wall mapping. In the present review and case study, it is aimed to estimate three basic landscape metrics, namely Shannon’s diversity (SH), forest edge length (E) and contagion (C) from field-based sampling data. It is also intended to estimate landscape change using time series datasets. Estimated variance (sampling error) was used to assess landscape metric estimators. For this purpose, sampling data from National Inventory in the Landscape of Sweden (NILS) is used. In this case study, the metrics are estimated with acceptable precision. In most cases, the estimated variance (sampling error) was less than 10 %. The largest sampling error was 28 % for forest edge length. We will be able to compare different landscape at a given time or a landscape over time using filed-based sampling data. Furthermore, in an ecological survey it may be possible to find a relationship between landscape pattern and ecological processes such as biodiversity. The methods applied in this study is very simple and there is no need for extra measurements.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"469-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47680186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Knowledge of the effects of trace element accumulations in fish tissues on consumer health is of great importance. Concentration of trace elements (Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Fe, Zn, Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, Al, Sn, Ti, V) were determined in muscle of Liza aurata, wild fish caught from the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea in 2014 and 2015 in order to understand the accumulation pattern of trace elements in this fish and to assess the potential health risk posed by fish consumption. Following the standard instructions, the preparation and chemical digestion of the samples were performed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The highest and lowest accumulations in the muscle belonged to Fe and V (13.988 ± 3.4 and 0.0009 ± 0.00079 µg g-1 wet weight) respectively. The accumulations of these elements were lower than the permissible range proposed by the WHO for human consumption. Results showed that element accumulations were not affected by sex. Negative correlation coefficients were found between Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Al, Cu, Mn and V levels in the tissues and the fish weight and total length. Moreover, in this study, the value of the hazard index (HI) was calculated to be 0.065. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the elements were in the range of 0.0045 to 7.5934 for adults, and 0.021 to 36.675 for children, while the target hazard quotients (THQ) was below 1.0 for each element. These results exhibit that the consumption of the investigated L. aurata from the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea does not cause significant adverse health effects. However, some considerations should be observed regarding the consumption of fish by infants and pregnant women.
{"title":"Evaluation of trace element contents and human health risk assessment via consumption of Liza aurata from the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea, Iran","authors":"M. Norouzi","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4900","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of the effects of trace element accumulations in fish tissues on consumer health is of great importance. Concentration of trace elements (Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Fe, Zn, Mn, Co, Cu, Ni, Al, Sn, Ti, V) were determined in muscle of Liza aurata, wild fish caught from the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea in 2014 and 2015 in order to understand the accumulation pattern of trace elements in this fish and to assess the potential health risk posed by fish consumption. Following the standard instructions, the preparation and chemical digestion of the samples were performed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The highest and lowest accumulations in the muscle belonged to Fe and V (13.988 ± 3.4 and 0.0009 ± 0.00079 µg g-1 wet weight) respectively. The accumulations of these elements were lower than the permissible range proposed by the WHO for human consumption. Results showed that element accumulations were not affected by sex. Negative correlation coefficients were found between Pb, Cd, As, Zn, Al, Cu, Mn and V levels in the tissues and the fish weight and total length. Moreover, in this study, the value of the hazard index (HI) was calculated to be 0.065. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the elements were in the range of 0.0045 to 7.5934 for adults, and 0.021 to 36.675 for children, while the target hazard quotients (THQ) was below 1.0 for each element. These results exhibit that the consumption of the investigated L. aurata from the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea does not cause significant adverse health effects. However, some considerations should be observed regarding the consumption of fish by infants and pregnant women.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"379-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46747773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally recommended diets are a powerful method for raising the public's awareness of dietary choices. Although dietary choices drive both health and environmental outcomes, these diets make almost no reference to environmental impacts. Besides, Encephalic damage and disorders of the hepatobiliary system occur against the background of metabolic disorders. Metabolic processes largely depend on the activity and the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sirtuin-type proteins. Protein deficiency can be filled by artificially introducing them into the body through dietary supplements. The study aimed to analyze the possibilities of using the dietary supplement OYOX to prevent environmental harm as well as treating encephalic damage and disorders of the hepatobiliary system. We used theoretical and practical research methods. In particular, the methods of analysis of literature sources, statistical data, results of clinical and preclinical studies were used. The method of generalization, analysis, systematization, classification of the obtained data was used. The results were evaluated 3 and 6 months after taking the dietary supplement. In the group of people taking OYOX, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the percentage of short telomeres (p = 0.029); a decrease in the percentage of senescent cytotoxic (CD8+ / CD28-) T cells (by 1.5%; 4.4%; 8.6% and 7.5% after 3 and 6 months respectively); improvement in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA, 1%) by 4.9% (p = 0.01), total cholesterol 5.7 mmol L-1 (p = 0.003), low density lipoprotein (LCL-C): 3.82 mmol L-1 (p = 0.0021), homocysteine: 3.4 mmol L-1 (p = 0.001). In conclusions, dietary supplement OYOX is effectively used to eliminate the deficiency of sirtuin-type proteins SIR1, SIR3, SIR6.
{"title":"Evaluating the environmental and therapeutic impacts of dietary supplement (Case study: The supplement Oyox for prevention of environment damages, treatment and disorders in the hepatobilliary system)","authors":"R. Roitman, W. Schatton, Evgeny Ilyich Maevsky","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4923","url":null,"abstract":"Globally recommended diets are a powerful method for raising the public's awareness of dietary choices. Although dietary choices drive both health and environmental outcomes, these diets make almost no reference to environmental impacts. Besides, Encephalic damage and disorders of the hepatobiliary system occur against the background of metabolic disorders. Metabolic processes largely depend on the activity and the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of sirtuin-type proteins. Protein deficiency can be filled by artificially introducing them into the body through dietary supplements. The study aimed to analyze the possibilities of using the dietary supplement OYOX to prevent environmental harm as well as treating encephalic damage and disorders of the hepatobiliary system. We used theoretical and practical research methods. In particular, the methods of analysis of literature sources, statistical data, results of clinical and preclinical studies were used. The method of generalization, analysis, systematization, classification of the obtained data was used. The results were evaluated 3 and 6 months after taking the dietary supplement. In the group of people taking OYOX, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the percentage of short telomeres (p = 0.029); a decrease in the percentage of senescent cytotoxic (CD8+ / CD28-) T cells (by 1.5%; 4.4%; 8.6% and 7.5% after 3 and 6 months respectively); improvement in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA, 1%) by 4.9% (p = 0.01), total cholesterol 5.7 mmol L-1 (p = 0.003), low density lipoprotein (LCL-C): 3.82 mmol L-1 (p = 0.0021), homocysteine: 3.4 mmol L-1 (p = 0.001). In conclusions, dietary supplement OYOX is effectively used to eliminate the deficiency of sirtuin-type proteins SIR1, SIR3, SIR6.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"495-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49265410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raheem Attafi, A. D. Boloorani, Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi, F. Amiraslani
Drought is a climatological phenomenon that occurs across all climate zones of the world. It causes environmental and economic loss and can negatively affect agricultural profit, especially in dry and semi-arid areas. This study used the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to model drought impacts on agricultural production. The role of meteorological and hydrological parameters was considered simultaneously. The results revealed that: (1) the increase of drought intensity leads to the reduction of crop production, while in the case of high-level drought, the production stays consistent; (2) NDVI could model the impacts of drought on crops production (R2 = 0.60 and RMSE = 0.42); (3) NDVI had a better ability for showing SPI fluctuations, but in higher drought intensities, it was less sensitive to SPI fluctuations; (4) the spatial pattern of drought in the study area showed that the northern parts of the Basrah Governorate have the highest sensitivity to drought; (5) the temporal pattern of long-term SPI showed a high level of risk for agricultural activities due to drought; and (6) air temperature and humidity are the main meteorological parameters of crops production affecting the interpretation of the impacts of drought on agriculture production in Basrah, Iraq
{"title":"Comparative analysis of NDVI and CHIRPS-based SPI to assess drought impacts on crop yield in Basrah Governorate, Iraq","authors":"Raheem Attafi, A. D. Boloorani, Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi, F. Amiraslani","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4941","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a climatological phenomenon that occurs across all climate zones of the world. It causes environmental and economic loss and can negatively affect agricultural profit, especially in dry and semi-arid areas. This study used the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to model drought impacts on agricultural production. The role of meteorological and hydrological parameters was considered simultaneously. The results revealed that: (1) the increase of drought intensity leads to the reduction of crop production, while in the case of high-level drought, the production stays consistent; (2) NDVI could model the impacts of drought on crops production (R2 = 0.60 and RMSE = 0.42); (3) NDVI had a better ability for showing SPI fluctuations, but in higher drought intensities, it was less sensitive to SPI fluctuations; (4) the spatial pattern of drought in the study area showed that the northern parts of the Basrah Governorate have the highest sensitivity to drought; (5) the temporal pattern of long-term SPI showed a high level of risk for agricultural activities due to drought; and (6) air temperature and humidity are the main meteorological parameters of crops production affecting the interpretation of the impacts of drought on agriculture production in Basrah, Iraq","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"547-557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47757911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with the ecological and hydrogeological conditions of the hydrogeological structures in the Barents-Kara shelf. Based on the hydrogeological and geoecological state of the Barents-Kara shelf, geoecological hazards were considered and distributed within the oil and gas regions of the West Siberian and East Barents oil and gas provinces. Preliminary geoecological zoning was performed and eco-geological zones were identified on the territory of first-order hydrogeological structures corresponding to the borders of several oil and gas-bearing regions of the East Barents and West Siberian oil and gas-bearing provinces. Thus, the current geoecological state of the Barents-Kara shelf was assessed. When drawing up the map of geoecological hazards, the hazards of technogenic origin caused by human economic activity and natural origin were taken into account, in particular, the influence of the neotectonic mode on the territory of the Barents-Kara shelf.
{"title":"Ecological and hydrogeological state of oil and gas bearing areas of the Barents and Kara seas shelf","authors":"S. Vlasenko, S. Sudarikov","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4954","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the ecological and hydrogeological conditions of the hydrogeological structures in the Barents-Kara shelf. Based on the hydrogeological and geoecological state of the Barents-Kara shelf, geoecological hazards were considered and distributed within the oil and gas regions of the West Siberian and East Barents oil and gas provinces. Preliminary geoecological zoning was performed and eco-geological zones were identified on the territory of first-order hydrogeological structures corresponding to the borders of several oil and gas-bearing regions of the East Barents and West Siberian oil and gas-bearing provinces. Thus, the current geoecological state of the Barents-Kara shelf was assessed. When drawing up the map of geoecological hazards, the hazards of technogenic origin caused by human economic activity and natural origin were taken into account, in particular, the influence of the neotectonic mode on the territory of the Barents-Kara shelf.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"589-595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44990334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Kapustina, N. Ozolina, V. Gurina, E. Spiridonova, A. V. Tretyakova
The study of lipid rafts allowed us to take a new look at the morphology, organization and functioning of membranes, both of animal and plant origin. However, lipid rafts and their function in the cell membranes of plants are poorly understood in comparison with the membranes of animal cells. The protective function of the plant cell is of great importance for the body as a whole because plants lead an attached mode of life. To date, it is known that lipid rafts are involved in the membrane mechanisms of cell protection in response to negative effects. In this review, we summarized the literature data showing the participation of lipid rafts of plant membranes (plasmalemma, Golgi complex membranes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles) in the protective function of cells.
{"title":"Protective Function of Lipid Rafts","authors":"I. Kapustina, N. Ozolina, V. Gurina, E. Spiridonova, A. V. Tretyakova","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4963","url":null,"abstract":"The study of lipid rafts allowed us to take a new look at the morphology, organization and functioning of membranes, both of animal and plant origin. However, lipid rafts and their function in the cell membranes of plants are poorly understood in comparison with the membranes of animal cells. The protective function of the plant cell is of great importance for the body as a whole because plants lead an attached mode of life. To date, it is known that lipid rafts are involved in the membrane mechanisms of cell protection in response to negative effects. In this review, we summarized the literature data showing the participation of lipid rafts of plant membranes (plasmalemma, Golgi complex membranes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and vacuoles) in the protective function of cells.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49472106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urbanization of catchment regions is a major cause of freshwater ecosystem degradation worldwide. As catchments become more developed and river ecosystems become increasingly engulfed in various land use activities, there is a growing need to understand these impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Macroinvertebrate are extensively used as indicators of ecosystem health and have been an instrument tool in ecosystem monitoring and management. Five stations with different types of land use (reference station, forest, recreational, agricultural, urban area) of Chehel Chai River, Iran were sampled in 2018. A total of 2040 macroinvertebrate belonging to 6 orders from 12 families were identified. The highest abundance was related to the diversity of the Ephemeroptera (Batidae). According to the results, the abundance of macroinvertebrate was significantly different in the seasons and sampling stations. The maximum value of diversity indices was measured to the Shannon index (S1= 1.06, autumn), Simpson's Index (S1= 0.63, autumn), Margalef richness (S1= 0.9, spring) and Pielou's index (S3= 0.92, summer). Stations in up-stream (forest area) recorded highest species richness, abundance and proportion of sensitive macroinvertebrates compared to the agricultural and urban development area. Cluster and nMDS analysis revealed that among the macroinvertebrates, Ephemeroptera were distinct in the forest sites and Diptera and Oligochaeta in urban area of Chehel Chai River. This finding suggests that present environment problem (such as: agriculture, tourism and urban area) caused serious impacts on the biodiversity of Chehel Chai River.
{"title":"Effects of land use change on macroinvertebrate community composition in upper reaches of the Chehel-Chai chatchment, Iran","authors":"M. Gholizadeh, Seied Ali Rezvani, M. Zibaei","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4938","url":null,"abstract":"Urbanization of catchment regions is a major cause of freshwater ecosystem degradation worldwide. As catchments become more developed and river ecosystems become increasingly engulfed in various land use activities, there is a growing need to understand these impacts on freshwater ecosystems. Macroinvertebrate are extensively used as indicators of ecosystem health and have been an instrument tool in ecosystem monitoring and management. Five stations with different types of land use (reference station, forest, recreational, agricultural, urban area) of Chehel Chai River, Iran were sampled in 2018. A total of 2040 macroinvertebrate belonging to 6 orders from 12 families were identified. The highest abundance was related to the diversity of the Ephemeroptera (Batidae). According to the results, the abundance of macroinvertebrate was significantly different in the seasons and sampling stations. The maximum value of diversity indices was measured to the Shannon index (S1= 1.06, autumn), Simpson's Index (S1= 0.63, autumn), Margalef richness (S1= 0.9, spring) and Pielou's index (S3= 0.92, summer). Stations in up-stream (forest area) recorded highest species richness, abundance and proportion of sensitive macroinvertebrates compared to the agricultural and urban development area. Cluster and nMDS analysis revealed that among the macroinvertebrates, Ephemeroptera were distinct in the forest sites and Diptera and Oligochaeta in urban area of Chehel Chai River. This finding suggests that present environment problem (such as: agriculture, tourism and urban area) caused serious impacts on the biodiversity of Chehel Chai River.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"523-533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45311906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the study of seasonal dynamics and quantity of the zoobenthos distribution in the north-west part of the South Caspian Sea. During the research covering the period from 2009 until 2010, 59 macrobenthos organisms belonging to the ten systemic groups were identified. Maximum quantity of species was identified in spring and summer (31 - 59 species), while minimum in autumn (24 - 42 species). Maximum development of organisms was identified in summer (146.27 g m-2), while minimum in autumn (77.12 g m-2). The key role in the benthos biomass formation belonged to shellfish, comprising 67.7 to 69.1% of total benthos biomass
本文对南里海西北部底栖动物的季节动态和数量分布进行了研究。2009 - 2010年共鉴定出10个系统类群59种大型底栖动物。其中，春夏季种类最多(31 ~ 59种)，秋季最少(24 ~ 42种)。夏季发育最多(146.27 g m-2)，秋季发育最少(77.12 g m-2)。贝类在底栖动物生物量的形成中起着关键作用，占底栖动物总生物量的67.7 ~ 69.1%
{"title":"Seasonal dynamics and quantity distribution of zoobenthos in the north-west part of the South Caspian Sea","authors":"G. Mirzoev","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4728","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of seasonal dynamics and quantity of the zoobenthos distribution in the north-west part of the South Caspian Sea. During the research covering the period from 2009 until 2010, 59 macrobenthos organisms belonging to the ten systemic groups were identified. Maximum quantity of species was identified in spring and summer (31 - 59 species), while minimum in autumn (24 - 42 species). Maximum development of organisms was identified in summer (146.27 g m-2), while minimum in autumn (77.12 g m-2). The key role in the benthos biomass formation belonged to shellfish, comprising 67.7 to 69.1% of total benthos biomass","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47698335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The adoption of the 2018 Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea is of great importance for the protection of the Caspian environment, as it establishes a clear legal status of the Caspian Sea. At the same time, the provisions of the Convention of 2018 and the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea of 2003 (Tehran Convention) require further addition, primarily in the form of additional protocols to the Tehran Convention. In addition, the development of international legal norms should facilitate the harmonization of applicable national legislation in the Caspian States. To study the relationship between international legal norms on environmental protection of the Caspian Sea and Russian national legislation and the possibility of supplementing the international legal regime with domestic norms. Methods: methods of analysis and synthesis, empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; legal-dogmatic and method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: The author shows that while the provisions of the Tehran Convention, its protocols and the applicable legal acts of the Russian Federation generally comply, the national legislation establishes more detailed approaches to environmental protection of the Caspian region in certain aspects. In conclusion, the legislation of the Russian Federation may help to fill a number of gaps in regional international legal regulation of the Caspian environmental protection. In particular, it is relevant in terms of legal protection from oil spill damage, as well as in the area of river runoff regulation (within the context of the basin approach to the management of the Caspian Sea resources).
{"title":"Correlation between international and national law rules in the Russian Federation concerning to environmental protection of the Caspian Sea","authors":"Аraz Mursaliev, Ogtay Ogli","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4752","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of the 2018 Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea is of great importance for the protection of the Caspian environment, as it establishes a clear legal status of the Caspian Sea. At the same time, the provisions of the Convention of 2018 and the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea of 2003 (Tehran Convention) require further addition, primarily in the form of additional protocols to the Tehran Convention. In addition, the development of international legal norms should facilitate the harmonization of applicable national legislation in the Caspian States. To study the relationship between international legal norms on environmental protection of the Caspian Sea and Russian national legislation and the possibility of supplementing the international legal regime with domestic norms. Methods: methods of analysis and synthesis, empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; legal-dogmatic and method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: The author shows that while the provisions of the Tehran Convention, its protocols and the applicable legal acts of the Russian Federation generally comply, the national legislation establishes more detailed approaches to environmental protection of the Caspian region in certain aspects. In conclusion, the legislation of the Russian Federation may help to fill a number of gaps in regional international legal regulation of the Caspian environmental protection. In particular, it is relevant in terms of legal protection from oil spill damage, as well as in the area of river runoff regulation (within the context of the basin approach to the management of the Caspian Sea resources).","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"353-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46156763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different types of scale deformities have been reported from fishes worldwide, however there is no available study on the abnormal scales in the genus Garra except for G. variabilis. In the present study, scale deformities of three species of Garra including G. rufa, G. persica and Garra sp. from 6 sites of the Iranian drainages were examined and described. Different deformations were observed in focus, anterior, posterior and lateral sides of scales in the studied species, showing both slight and severe abnormalities. The occurrence of twin scales was one of the most interesting cases among various types of scale deformities observed on G. persica and Garra sp. Genetic disorders, diseases (including infection and lesions), developmental anomalies, incomplete regeneration after wounding, physical, and chemical environmental variables including pollutions might be considered as potential factors for scale abnormalities remained to be investigated.
{"title":"Scale deformities in three species of the genus Garra (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae)","authors":"H. Zareian, H. Esmaeili, A. Gholamhosseini","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.4734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.4734","url":null,"abstract":"Different types of scale deformities have been reported from fishes worldwide, however there is no available study on the abnormal scales in the genus Garra except for G. variabilis. In the present study, scale deformities of three species of Garra including G. rufa, G. persica and Garra sp. from 6 sites of the Iranian drainages were examined and described. Different deformations were observed in focus, anterior, posterior and lateral sides of scales in the studied species, showing both slight and severe abnormalities. The occurrence of twin scales was one of the most interesting cases among various types of scale deformities observed on G. persica and Garra sp. Genetic disorders, diseases (including infection and lesions), developmental anomalies, incomplete regeneration after wounding, physical, and chemical environmental variables including pollutions might be considered as potential factors for scale abnormalities remained to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"231-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47511584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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