The current study was conducted to investigate the biochemical response of two plant species including Lemna minor and Ceratophyllum demersum as indicators for the treatment and reducing the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen compounds in wastewater collected from a domestic water treatment plant in Al-Maamera area in Babil Governorate, Iraq. The experiment included the cultivation of aquatic plants in 20-liter plastic basins, which contain domestic water collected from the sedimentation basins at the station after completing the physical and chemical treatment. Some physical and chemical tests were conducted and the concentrations of some compounds of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were measured by taking the water samples every three days for a period of twenty four days. The current study showed that the pH values were raised to the basal direction when wastewater treated with C. demersum, while the values fluctuated when using L. minor with treatment between low and slight increase at other times. On the other side, the efficiency of the aquatic plants used in current study in decreasing the values of both electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids was weak and was limited to the first days of treatment. The results recorded an increased oxygen concentration when wastewater treated with C. demersum compared to the control which recorded higher concentrations than L. minor. The study showed also that the L. minor and C. demersum have very high efficiency in reducing the inorganic nitrogen compounds. So that, in the case of L. minor, the highest removal rate of nitrite, nitrate and ammonia were 99.36%, 88.04% and 81.25 %, respectively, while in the case of C. demersum, the related rates were 99.36%, 78.8% and 86.6 % respectively. As for the physiological condition of the plants, the results in the current study showed that the total chlorophyll values in L. minor and C. demersum increased after completing the phytoremediation. The MDA content decreased, while CAT enzyme was not affected by both plants. The SOD enzyme was not also affected by L. minor, while a rise in this enzyme was recorded by C. demersum.
{"title":"Biochemical responses of some aquatic plants as indicators for the treatment of inorganic nitrogen compounds in wastewater (Case study: Domestic water treatment plant in Babil Governorate, Iraq)","authors":"Nawras abdul Kareem, N. F. Kadhim","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5165","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted to investigate the biochemical response of two plant species including Lemna minor and Ceratophyllum demersum as indicators for the treatment and reducing the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen compounds in wastewater collected from a domestic water treatment plant in Al-Maamera area in Babil Governorate, Iraq. The experiment included the cultivation of aquatic plants in 20-liter plastic basins, which contain domestic water collected from the sedimentation basins at the station after completing the physical and chemical treatment. Some physical and chemical tests were conducted and the concentrations of some compounds of dissolved inorganic nitrogen were measured by taking the water samples every three days for a period of twenty four days. The current study showed that the pH values were raised to the basal direction when wastewater treated with C. demersum, while the values fluctuated when using L. minor with treatment between low and slight increase at other times. On the other side, the efficiency of the aquatic plants used in current study in decreasing the values of both electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids was weak and was limited to the first days of treatment. The results recorded an increased oxygen concentration when wastewater treated with C. demersum compared to the control which recorded higher concentrations than L. minor. The study showed also that the L. minor and C. demersum have very high efficiency in reducing the inorganic nitrogen compounds. So that, in the case of L. minor, the highest removal rate of nitrite, nitrate and ammonia were 99.36%, 88.04% and 81.25 %, respectively, while in the case of C. demersum, the related rates were 99.36%, 78.8% and 86.6 % respectively. As for the physiological condition of the plants, the results in the current study showed that the total chlorophyll values in L. minor and C. demersum increased after completing the phytoremediation. The MDA content decreased, while CAT enzyme was not affected by both plants. The SOD enzyme was not also affected by L. minor, while a rise in this enzyme was recorded by C. demersum.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43237865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Rakhimova, Victor Kirillovich Khramoy, T. D. Sikharulidze, I. Yudina
The peculiarity of nitrogen nutrition for legume-cereal mixtures is that due to the intravital transfer of mineral nutrition elements from the legume component of the mixture to the cereal component and vice versa, the cereal component receives nitrogen from the air symbiotically fixed by the legume component. This explains its better development in the mixture than in single-species sowing without the use of nitrogen fertilizers. In unfavorable conditions for legume-rhizobial symbiosis, when the assimilation of air nitrogen is weakened, and the legume and cereal components of the mixture are deficient in nitrogen, therefore, the issue of nitrogen fertilizer use expediency for legume-cereal mixtures is relevant. We have studied the effects of low and medium doses of nitrogen fertilizers including 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 (as treatments N30, N60 and N90) on the content and yield of crude protein with the grain yield of the vetch-wheat mixture under the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in the central region of the Non-Chernozem zone with insufficient and optimal moisture. The protein content (% of dry matter) was determined by the calculation method according to the nitrogen content (N% × 6.25). On the control without nitrogen fertilizers, the protein content in vetch seeds and in wheat grain under the conditions of optimal moisture (2019) was higher than under the conditions of insufficient moisture (2018), by 0.4% and 0.3%, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizers increased the protein content in wheat grain by 0.2 - 0.4% during both years of study. The protein content in vetch seeds under the influence of nitrogen fertilizers increased only under the conditions of insufficient moisture by 0.2-0.7%. The protein yield with the wheat grain yield during both years of study upraised, as the dose of nitrogen fertilizers elevated by 1.6 - 2.7 times, and by the vetch harvest and insufficient moisture it remained unchanged, and by optimal moisture it droped by 13.7-34.7%. The protein yield with the grain yield of the mixture elevated by 44.4-91.1% under the influence of nitrogen fertilizers in arid conditions completely due to the wheat protein increase, while in conditions of sufficient moisture it droped by 5.2-17.8% due to the vetch protein decrease. Nitrogen fertilizers increased the competitiveness of wheat mixed with vetch under the conditions of insufficient moisture by 1.7-3.0 times, and under the conditions of optimal moisture by 1.9-4.1 times.
{"title":"Influence of nitrogen fertilizers on protein productivity of vetch-wheat grain under different water supply conditions","authors":"O. Rakhimova, Victor Kirillovich Khramoy, T. D. Sikharulidze, I. Yudina","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5125","url":null,"abstract":"The peculiarity of nitrogen nutrition for legume-cereal mixtures is that due to the intravital transfer of mineral nutrition elements from the legume component of the mixture to the cereal component and vice versa, the cereal component receives nitrogen from the air symbiotically fixed by the legume component. This explains its better development in the mixture than in single-species sowing without the use of nitrogen fertilizers. In unfavorable conditions for legume-rhizobial symbiosis, when the assimilation of air nitrogen is weakened, and the legume and cereal components of the mixture are deficient in nitrogen, therefore, the issue of nitrogen fertilizer use expediency for legume-cereal mixtures is relevant. We have studied the effects of low and medium doses of nitrogen fertilizers including 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 (as treatments N30, N60 and N90) on the content and yield of crude protein with the grain yield of the vetch-wheat mixture under the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in the central region of the Non-Chernozem zone with insufficient and optimal moisture. The protein content (% of dry matter) was determined by the calculation method according to the nitrogen content (N% × 6.25). On the control without nitrogen fertilizers, the protein content in vetch seeds and in wheat grain under the conditions of optimal moisture (2019) was higher than under the conditions of insufficient moisture (2018), by 0.4% and 0.3%, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizers increased the protein content in wheat grain by 0.2 - 0.4% during both years of study. The protein content in vetch seeds under the influence of nitrogen fertilizers increased only under the conditions of insufficient moisture by 0.2-0.7%. The protein yield with the wheat grain yield during both years of study upraised, as the dose of nitrogen fertilizers elevated by 1.6 - 2.7 times, and by the vetch harvest and insufficient moisture it remained unchanged, and by optimal moisture it droped by 13.7-34.7%. The protein yield with the grain yield of the mixture elevated by 44.4-91.1% under the influence of nitrogen fertilizers in arid conditions completely due to the wheat protein increase, while in conditions of sufficient moisture it droped by 5.2-17.8% due to the vetch protein decrease. Nitrogen fertilizers increased the competitiveness of wheat mixed with vetch under the conditions of insufficient moisture by 1.7-3.0 times, and under the conditions of optimal moisture by 1.9-4.1 times.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44652153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unrelated agricultural support is one of the equitable agricultural support mechanisms in developed countries. This paper describes the rules for unrelated support in the Federal Republic of Germany and in the Russian Federation. We proposed various institutional mechanisms to transform the system of rules for unrelated support in the Russian Federation to ensure sustainable long-term growth of the domestic agricultural sector.
{"title":"Institutional mechanisms for unrelated agricultural support in the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany","authors":"R. Migunov, R. Gaysin","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5124","url":null,"abstract":"Unrelated agricultural support is one of the equitable agricultural support mechanisms in developed countries. This paper describes the rules for unrelated support in the Federal Republic of Germany and in the Russian Federation. We proposed various institutional mechanisms to transform the system of rules for unrelated support in the Russian Federation to ensure sustainable long-term growth of the domestic agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46792155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the results of ensiling technology of the aboveground mass of corn both in pure form and with flat grain of soybeans or its green in order to provide canned fodder with digestible protein up to the zootechnical norm for high-intensity livestock farms. The study was carried out on the reclaimed lands of the Non-Chernozem zone on the basis of the livestock farm OJSC "Agrofirm Dmitrova Gora" of the Konakovsky district of the Tver region. They used the soybean variety of the northern ecotype with an indeterminate growth type - Okskaya. It was found that with flat soybean grain increase in silage by 1%, the yield of digestible protein elevates by 3.7% on average, and with the ratio of soybeans and corn by 8:92%, a complete supply of 1 feed unit with protein (106.5 g) is recorded. The yield of metabolic energy in the variant of experiment by 8:92%, where the feed unit reached the zootechnical norm in terms of protein supply, was practically the same in comparison with the preparation of silage from the aboveground mass of soybeans and corn in the ratio of 15:85% and amounted to 145.42 GJ ha-1 and 145.89 GJ ha-1 respectively.
{"title":"Energy and economic efficiency of corn silage production with flat grain of soy bean on reclaimed lands of upper volga","authors":"V. A. Shevchenko, A. Soloviev, N. Popova","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5117","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the results of ensiling technology of the aboveground mass of corn both in pure form and with flat grain of soybeans or its green in order to provide canned fodder with digestible protein up to the zootechnical norm for high-intensity livestock farms. The study was carried out on the reclaimed lands of the Non-Chernozem zone on the basis of the livestock farm OJSC \"Agrofirm Dmitrova Gora\" of the Konakovsky district of the Tver region. They used the soybean variety of the northern ecotype with an indeterminate growth type - Okskaya. It was found that with flat soybean grain increase in silage by 1%, the yield of digestible protein elevates by 3.7% on average, and with the ratio of soybeans and corn by 8:92%, a complete supply of 1 feed unit with protein (106.5 g) is recorded. The yield of metabolic energy in the variant of experiment by 8:92%, where the feed unit reached the zootechnical norm in terms of protein supply, was practically the same in comparison with the preparation of silage from the aboveground mass of soybeans and corn in the ratio of 15:85% and amounted to 145.42 GJ ha-1 and 145.89 GJ ha-1 respectively.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44080370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ragimov Alexander Olegovich, Mazirov Mikhail Arnoldovich, Zinchenko Sergei I Vanovich, Shitikova Aleksandra Vasilievna
This article presents the results of a field experiment on obtaining environmentally friendly products from sugar and fodder beets in conditions of zinc contamination. It was found that various intensification factors during the cultivation of sugar and fodder beets significantly change the agrochemical and agroecological properties of sod-medium podzolic sandy loam soil. The zinc content in sugar and fodder beets was almost two times lower within the treatments with the simultaneous introduction of lime as N60P60K60 + Zn + lime and N60P60K60 + Zn + lime + manure. Liming significantly increased the yield of products. In general, using a fairly minimal set of intensification factors on sod-podzolic soils without a combination with supporting liming caused the suppression of sugar and fodder beets on sod-podzolic soils under conditions of zinc contamination. Agroecological regimes were changed quite pronouncedly on soddy-podzolic soils of light granulometric composition, susceptible to zinc pollution, when lime fertilizers were applied, which makes it possible to reduce the mobility of zinc in the soil environment. The introduction of dolomite flour in the treatments N60P60K60 + Zn + lime and N60P60K60 + Zn + lime + manure reduced the translocation of zinc in the soil-plant system within concentrations above the established norms. However, in the production of fodder beets, this effect was established only in the treatment N60P60K60 + Zn + lime + manure. Thus, obviously the application of mineral fertilizers in combination with liming and manure as N60P60K60 + Zn + lime and N60P60K60 + Zn + lime + manure on sod-podzolic soils of light granulometric composition in conditions of zinc pollution make it possible to obtain environmentally-friendly products of sugar and fodder beets due to the negative impact reduction.
{"title":"Features of environmentally-friendly product obtaining from sugar and fodder beets in conditions of zinc contamination of sod-podzolic sandy loam soils","authors":"Ragimov Alexander Olegovich, Mazirov Mikhail Arnoldovich, Zinchenko Sergei I Vanovich, Shitikova Aleksandra Vasilievna","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5106","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of a field experiment on obtaining environmentally friendly products from sugar and fodder beets in conditions of zinc contamination. It was found that various intensification factors during the cultivation of sugar and fodder beets significantly change the agrochemical and agroecological properties of sod-medium podzolic sandy loam soil. The zinc content in sugar and fodder beets was almost two times lower within the treatments with the simultaneous introduction of lime as N60P60K60 + Zn + lime and N60P60K60 + Zn + lime + manure. Liming significantly increased the yield of products. In general, using a fairly minimal set of intensification factors on sod-podzolic soils without a combination with supporting liming caused the suppression of sugar and fodder beets on sod-podzolic soils under conditions of zinc contamination. Agroecological regimes were changed quite pronouncedly on soddy-podzolic soils of light granulometric composition, susceptible to zinc pollution, when lime fertilizers were applied, which makes it possible to reduce the mobility of zinc in the soil environment. The introduction of dolomite flour in the treatments N60P60K60 + Zn + lime and N60P60K60 + Zn + lime + manure reduced the translocation of zinc in the soil-plant system within concentrations above the established norms. However, in the production of fodder beets, this effect was established only in the treatment N60P60K60 + Zn + lime + manure. Thus, obviously the application of mineral fertilizers in combination with liming and manure as N60P60K60 + Zn + lime and N60P60K60 + Zn + lime + manure on sod-podzolic soils of light granulometric composition in conditions of zinc pollution make it possible to obtain environmentally-friendly products of sugar and fodder beets due to the negative impact reduction.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43955153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiments were carried out on the permafrost floodplain soils of the Khangalassky region of Yakutia to study the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the formation of the forage mass of sickle alfalfa, the variety Yakutskaya yellow. The aim was to substantiate the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the development of sickle alfalfa cultured in the permafrost floodplain neutral and carbonate soils in combination with floodplain saline soils. The tasks included the following ones: 1) to determine the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the formation of the leaf surface of alfalfa plants; 2) to determine the dependence of alfalfa fodder mass yield on the application of mineral fertilizers. The size of the plots was 20 m2, with fourfold repetition, systematic placement of variants, wide-row sowing method by row spacing of 45 cm. There were 5 variants with different doses of mineral fertilizers in the experiment: 1) Without fertilizers; 2) N30 (PK)60; 3) N60 (PK)90; 4) (NPK)90; 5) (NPK)120. After the conducted studies, it was revealed that the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60 (PK)90 provides the formation of the largest leaf area of alfalfa (37.2 thousand m2 ha-1). The maximum dose of mineral fertilizer (NPK)120 contributes to plant foliage increase (up to 42%) and to the highest yield of crescent alfalfa dry weight (4.2 ton ha-1). Sprouting of alfalfa does not show dependence on the application of different doses of mineral fertilizers. A complete relationship was established between the yield of forage mass and the area of alfalfa leaves (r = 1) with the regression coefficient of 0.6 ton ha-1. A strong dependence of forage mass yield was observed on leafiness (r = 0.9) with the regression coefficient of 0.4 ton ha-1, as well as an average negative dependence of the aboveground mass of alfalfa yield on the number of shoots (r = -0.6) with the regression coefficient of -0,5 ton ha-1.
{"title":"Dependence of above-ground mass formation of sickle alfalfa on application of different doses of mineral fertilizers in terms of permafrost floodplain soils of Yakutia, Russia","authors":"Osipova Valentina Valentinovna","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5093","url":null,"abstract":"The experiments were carried out on the permafrost floodplain soils of the Khangalassky region of Yakutia to study the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the formation of the forage mass of sickle alfalfa, the variety Yakutskaya yellow. The aim was to substantiate the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the development of sickle alfalfa cultured in the permafrost floodplain neutral and carbonate soils in combination with floodplain saline soils. The tasks included the following ones: 1) to determine the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the formation of the leaf surface of alfalfa plants; 2) to determine the dependence of alfalfa fodder mass yield on the application of mineral fertilizers. The size of the plots was 20 m2, with fourfold repetition, systematic placement of variants, wide-row sowing method by row spacing of 45 cm. There were 5 variants with different doses of mineral fertilizers in the experiment: 1) Without fertilizers; 2) N30 (PK)60; 3) N60 (PK)90; 4) (NPK)90; 5) (NPK)120. After the conducted studies, it was revealed that the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60 (PK)90 provides the formation of the largest leaf area of alfalfa (37.2 thousand m2 ha-1). The maximum dose of mineral fertilizer (NPK)120 contributes to plant foliage increase (up to 42%) and to the highest yield of crescent alfalfa dry weight (4.2 ton ha-1). Sprouting of alfalfa does not show dependence on the application of different doses of mineral fertilizers. A complete relationship was established between the yield of forage mass and the area of alfalfa leaves (r = 1) with the regression coefficient of 0.6 ton ha-1. A strong dependence of forage mass yield was observed on leafiness (r = 0.9) with the regression coefficient of 0.4 ton ha-1, as well as an average negative dependence of the aboveground mass of alfalfa yield on the number of shoots (r = -0.6) with the regression coefficient of -0,5 ton ha-1.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45411706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trukhachev Vladimir Ivanovich, Dmitrevskaya Inna Ivanovna, Belopukhov Sergey Leonidovich, Zharkikh Olga Andreevna
The article presents the data on the chemical composition of seeds and oil of industrial hemp four varieties of the Central Russian ecotype, registered for cultivation in Russia: Surskaya, Yuliana, Vera and Nadezhda. The largest weight of 1000 seeds was for the Surskaya variety (17.6 g), while the smallest for the Juliana variety (16.5 g). The content of lipids in seeds was 33 - 35%, while that of proteins was 22 - 25%, which makes it possible to use all four varieties in the food industry. On average, all varieties had a high seed oil yield of 29.9 - 32.2%. The maximum oil yield was observed in Vera and Nadezhda (32.2 - 32.9%). A low content of all saturated fatty acids in the oil was noted for the hemp of Nadezhda (8.55%), while a higher content (91.5%) for other varieties. It was noted that, on average, the content of Omega-3 fatty acids was 19.5-21.1% in the oil of all studied varieties of industrial hemp. In the Surskaya and Vera, the content was 0.8-1.6% lower than in theYuliana and Nadezhda. The content of Omega-6 fatty acids in hemp oil was 57.5-58.9%, and there was no significant difference between the varieties. The content of Omega-9 was 11.6-12.8% on average. The Nadezhda in oil exhibited the decreased Omega-9 by 0.5-1.3% than the other varieties. Using scanning electron microscopy, the structure of the hemp seed was established, which has a dense, thickened shell with high strength. The structure of the seed shell is ribbed with pores for the embryo respiration. According to the total elemental composition, hemp seeds contained (in % of wt): carbon 48 - 49%, oxygen 45 - 48%, silicon 0.1 - 0.4%, calcium 0.3 - 4.7%, potassium 0.1 - 1.0%, magnesium 0.1 - 0.7%, sodium 0.1 - 0.2%, sulfur 0.1 - 0.3%, phosphorus 0.1 - 0.2%, chlorine less than 0.1 %. The membrane of the seed contains up to 4.7% of calcium and up to 1% of potassium, while the kernel of the seed contained no higher than 0.1 - 0.3% of these elements. For pre-sowing seed treatment, it is recommended to use the following preparations: Zircon 4 g ton-1, Epin-Extra 10 g ton-1, EcoFus 0.5 kg ton-1, and working fluid consumption 10 L ton-1. The drugs in laboratory studies have shown the effectiveness of action on germination energy and seed germination increase.
本文介绍了在俄罗斯注册种植的四个俄罗斯中部生态型工业大麻品种：Surskaya、Yuliana、Vera和Nadezhda的种子和油的化学成分数据。1000粒种子的最大重量是苏尔斯卡娅品种（17.6克），而最小的是朱莉安娜品种（16.5克）。种子中的脂质含量为33-35%，而蛋白质含量为22-25%，这使得在食品工业中使用所有四个品种成为可能。平均而言，所有品种的含油量都很高，为29.9-32.2%。Vera和Nadezhda的含油量最高（32.2-32.9%）。Nadezha的大麻油中所有饱和脂肪酸的含量较低（8.55%），而其他品种的含量较高（91.5%）。值得注意的是，在所有研究的工业大麻品种的油中，Omega-3脂肪酸的平均含量为19.5-21.1%。苏尔斯卡亚和维拉的含量比尤利安娜和纳德日达低0.8-1.6%。大麻油中Omega-6脂肪酸含量为57.5-58.9%，品种间差异不显著。Omega-9的含量平均为11.6-12.8%。油中的Nadezhda表现出比其他品种减少0.5-1.3%的Omega-9。利用扫描电子显微镜，建立了大麻籽的结构，其外壳致密、增厚、强度高。种子外壳的结构带有用于胚胎呼吸的孔隙。根据总元素组成，大麻籽中含有（重量百分比）：碳48-49%，氧45-48%，硅0.1-0.4%，钙0.3-4.7%，钾0.1-1.0%，镁0.1-0.7%，钠0.1-0.2%，硫0.1-0.3%，磷0.1-0.2%、氯小于0.1%。种子的膜含有高达4.7%的钙和高达1%的钾，而种子的核含有不超过0.1-0.3%的这些元素。对于播种前的种子处理，建议使用以下制剂：锆石4 g ton-1、Epin Extra 10 g ton-1，EcoFus 0.5 kg ton-1，工作液消耗量10 L ton-1。这些药物在实验室研究中已经显示出对发芽能量和种子发芽增加的有效作用。
{"title":"Quality control of industrial hemp seed products, varietal responsiveness of hemp seeds to bioregulator action","authors":"Trukhachev Vladimir Ivanovich, Dmitrevskaya Inna Ivanovna, Belopukhov Sergey Leonidovich, Zharkikh Olga Andreevna","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5089","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the data on the chemical composition of seeds and oil of industrial hemp four varieties of the Central Russian ecotype, registered for cultivation in Russia: Surskaya, Yuliana, Vera and Nadezhda. The largest weight of 1000 seeds was for the Surskaya variety (17.6 g), while the smallest for the Juliana variety (16.5 g). The content of lipids in seeds was 33 - 35%, while that of proteins was 22 - 25%, which makes it possible to use all four varieties in the food industry. On average, all varieties had a high seed oil yield of 29.9 - 32.2%. The maximum oil yield was observed in Vera and Nadezhda (32.2 - 32.9%). A low content of all saturated fatty acids in the oil was noted for the hemp of Nadezhda (8.55%), while a higher content (91.5%) for other varieties. It was noted that, on average, the content of Omega-3 fatty acids was 19.5-21.1% in the oil of all studied varieties of industrial hemp. In the Surskaya and Vera, the content was 0.8-1.6% lower than in theYuliana and Nadezhda. The content of Omega-6 fatty acids in hemp oil was 57.5-58.9%, and there was no significant difference between the varieties. The content of Omega-9 was 11.6-12.8% on average. The Nadezhda in oil exhibited the decreased Omega-9 by 0.5-1.3% than the other varieties. Using scanning electron microscopy, the structure of the hemp seed was established, which has a dense, thickened shell with high strength. The structure of the seed shell is ribbed with pores for the embryo respiration. According to the total elemental composition, hemp seeds contained (in % of wt): carbon 48 - 49%, oxygen 45 - 48%, silicon 0.1 - 0.4%, calcium 0.3 - 4.7%, potassium 0.1 - 1.0%, magnesium 0.1 - 0.7%, sodium 0.1 - 0.2%, sulfur 0.1 - 0.3%, phosphorus 0.1 - 0.2%, chlorine less than 0.1 %. The membrane of the seed contains up to 4.7% of calcium and up to 1% of potassium, while the kernel of the seed contained no higher than 0.1 - 0.3% of these elements. For pre-sowing seed treatment, it is recommended to use the following preparations: Zircon 4 g ton-1, Epin-Extra 10 g ton-1, EcoFus 0.5 kg ton-1, and working fluid consumption 10 L ton-1. The drugs in laboratory studies have shown the effectiveness of action on germination energy and seed germination increase.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46028563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. R. Grigolava, A. Vishnyakova, Anastasia Viktorovna Voronina, O. Zubko, S. Monakhos
Haploid techniques have risen interest among researchers and breeders as they significantly reduce the time of creating pure lines in breeding programs, especially for biennial vegetable crops. The only way to produce doubled haploids used in representatives of the genus Beta is in vitro culture of non-pollinated ovules. This is a rather laborious method that requires manual labor to isolate beet ovules from flower buds, followed by their inoculation onto a culture medium. This method also has its drawback - the development of clones from the somatic tissues surrounding the embryo sac. At the same time, the yield of embryoids and subsequent regenerations is on average 12-14% of isolated ovules introduced into in vitro culture in the most responsive genotypes of sugar beet and 8% in beetroot. The selection of the optimal cultivation conditions for each genotype makes it possible to maximize the yield of regenerant plants in the culture of isolated ovules. This research is devoted to study the effect of various types of carbohydrates and growth regulators in the culture media on embryogenesis and callusogenesis in isolated ovules culture of five beetroot genotypes. We obtained embryoids and callus in isolated ovules culture of all studied genotypes using sucrose-based culture medium, while on a glucose- and fructose-based culture media or their combination, the number of callus and embryoids was much lower. Additionally, it has been shown that glucose has more negative effect on embryo- and callusogenesis than fructose. The addition of mannitol to the culture medium had a stimulatory effect on the ovules for one genotype only. The study of various combinations of phytohormones on 5 beetroot genotypes showed that gibberellic acid reduces the embryogenesis response of ovules in all genotypes.
{"title":"The effects of sugars and growth regulators on embryo- and callusogenesis in isolated ovules culture of beetroot, Beta vulgaris L.","authors":"T. R. Grigolava, A. Vishnyakova, Anastasia Viktorovna Voronina, O. Zubko, S. Monakhos","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5091","url":null,"abstract":"Haploid techniques have risen interest among researchers and breeders as they significantly reduce the time of creating pure lines in breeding programs, especially for biennial vegetable crops. The only way to produce doubled haploids used in representatives of the genus Beta is in vitro culture of non-pollinated ovules. This is a rather laborious method that requires manual labor to isolate beet ovules from flower buds, followed by their inoculation onto a culture medium. This method also has its drawback - the development of clones from the somatic tissues surrounding the embryo sac. At the same time, the yield of embryoids and subsequent regenerations is on average 12-14% of isolated ovules introduced into in vitro culture in the most responsive genotypes of sugar beet and 8% in beetroot. The selection of the optimal cultivation conditions for each genotype makes it possible to maximize the yield of regenerant plants in the culture of isolated ovules. This research is devoted to study the effect of various types of carbohydrates and growth regulators in the culture media on embryogenesis and callusogenesis in isolated ovules culture of five beetroot genotypes. We obtained embryoids and callus in isolated ovules culture of all studied genotypes using sucrose-based culture medium, while on a glucose- and fructose-based culture media or their combination, the number of callus and embryoids was much lower. Additionally, it has been shown that glucose has more negative effect on embryo- and callusogenesis than fructose. The addition of mannitol to the culture medium had a stimulatory effect on the ovules for one genotype only. The study of various combinations of phytohormones on 5 beetroot genotypes showed that gibberellic acid reduces the embryogenesis response of ovules in all genotypes.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46847648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the modern conditions of RF agro-industrial complex development, the transfer of animal husbandry to an industrial basis is possible only with high-grade vegetable protein production increase. Silage of the aboveground mass of pure corn during all phases of plant growth and development does not provide the content of nutrients in the feed unit according to the zootechnical requirements. Therefore, to optimize the finished feed in terms of the carbohydrate-protein ratio, green mass of legumes should be added to its composition during the preparation of silage from corn. The selection of the legume component should be carried out taking into account the following main criteria: coincidence with corn by the growing season duration, the same attitude to soil and climatic resources and insolation conditions, high provision of the legume component with digestible protein, dry matter, starch and exchange energy during the ensiling period. It has been established that the joint ensiling of corn with yellow lupine is expedient when the corn is in waxy ripeness, and the lupine is in the phase of shiny beans with the component ratio of 55:45%. In this case, the content of digestible protein in 1 feed unit of finished silage is 100.2 g at reliable feed supply with both irreplaceable (36.0 g) and critical (7.2 g) amino acids.
{"title":"Eligibility criteria for joint ensilage of maize and yellow lupine on poorly productive lands of the Upper Volga region","authors":"V. Shevchenko, A. Soloviev, N. Popova","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5092","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern conditions of RF agro-industrial complex development, the transfer of animal husbandry to an industrial basis is possible only with high-grade vegetable protein production increase. Silage of the aboveground mass of pure corn during all phases of plant growth and development does not provide the content of nutrients in the feed unit according to the zootechnical requirements. Therefore, to optimize the finished feed in terms of the carbohydrate-protein ratio, green mass of legumes should be added to its composition during the preparation of silage from corn. The selection of the legume component should be carried out taking into account the following main criteria: coincidence with corn by the growing season duration, the same attitude to soil and climatic resources and insolation conditions, high provision of the legume component with digestible protein, dry matter, starch and exchange energy during the ensiling period. It has been established that the joint ensiling of corn with yellow lupine is expedient when the corn is in waxy ripeness, and the lupine is in the phase of shiny beans with the component ratio of 55:45%. In this case, the content of digestible protein in 1 feed unit of finished silage is 100.2 g at reliable feed supply with both irreplaceable (36.0 g) and critical (7.2 g) amino acids.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47882499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keler Victoria Viktorovna, Shram Nadezhda Vasilievna
This paper presents the results of studying the role of cultivation background intensification in the formation of productivity and yield structure of spring wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 41, Novosibirskaya 15 and Altayskaya 75 in the subtaiga zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia. The influence rate of crop rotation steam link using a full range of modern means of protection and fertilization on the elements of the yield structure of soft spring wheat and its variations were determined. The cultivation background providing the greatest positive response in crop productivity formation was also established. New varieties, in comparison with previously zoned ones, are able to use moisture, and also the elements of mineral nutrition and other factors of plant life are more productively. However, there are no universal varieties that are equally suitable for all backgrounds and conditions. Therefore, the identification of the productivity potential, the norms of new variety reaction to intensification factors in modern conditions of climate change, is the most important condition for the development of varietal technologies, improving the techniques and methods of grain crop productivity management. Under the conditions of the subtaiga zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, with the intensification of the crop rotation steam link, such productivity elements as the length of the main plant, the length of an ear and the number of spikelets in an ear of the studied varieties of spring wheat vary within weak and medium limits. Their variation coefficient ranges from 2-6% to 16-17%. It is best to intensify such indicators as productive tillering (Cv 14-38%) and the amount of grain in an ear (Cv 11-28%) within this zone. These elements respond well to the control of the phytosanitary state of crops using herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. The varieties of spring soft wheat Altayskaya 75 and Novosibirskaya 41, with the use of pesticides and ammonium nitrate, can increase the grain content of an ear by 2 times (by 17.7 pieces), and the number of spikelets in an ear by 1.5 times (by 5.7 pieces). The varieties Novosibirskaya 15 and Novosibirskaya 29, when applying nitrogen fertilizers and a full range of protective equipment, increase the productive bushiness from 1.1 to 2.2.
{"title":"Influence of cultivation background intensification on spring wheat productivity in the subtaiga zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia","authors":"Keler Victoria Viktorovna, Shram Nadezhda Vasilievna","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5090","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of studying the role of cultivation background intensification in the formation of productivity and yield structure of spring wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 41, Novosibirskaya 15 and Altayskaya 75 in the subtaiga zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia. The influence rate of crop rotation steam link using a full range of modern means of protection and fertilization on the elements of the yield structure of soft spring wheat and its variations were determined. The cultivation background providing the greatest positive response in crop productivity formation was also established. New varieties, in comparison with previously zoned ones, are able to use moisture, and also the elements of mineral nutrition and other factors of plant life are more productively. However, there are no universal varieties that are equally suitable for all backgrounds and conditions. Therefore, the identification of the productivity potential, the norms of new variety reaction to intensification factors in modern conditions of climate change, is the most important condition for the development of varietal technologies, improving the techniques and methods of grain crop productivity management. Under the conditions of the subtaiga zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, with the intensification of the crop rotation steam link, such productivity elements as the length of the main plant, the length of an ear and the number of spikelets in an ear of the studied varieties of spring wheat vary within weak and medium limits. Their variation coefficient ranges from 2-6% to 16-17%. It is best to intensify such indicators as productive tillering (Cv 14-38%) and the amount of grain in an ear (Cv 11-28%) within this zone. These elements respond well to the control of the phytosanitary state of crops using herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. The varieties of spring soft wheat Altayskaya 75 and Novosibirskaya 41, with the use of pesticides and ammonium nitrate, can increase the grain content of an ear by 2 times (by 17.7 pieces), and the number of spikelets in an ear by 1.5 times (by 5.7 pieces). The varieties Novosibirskaya 15 and Novosibirskaya 29, when applying nitrogen fertilizers and a full range of protective equipment, increase the productive bushiness from 1.1 to 2.2.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42003388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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