E. Strelnikov, E. Bochkarova, L. Gorlova, V. Serdyuk
In 2018-2020, the maternal lines of winter rapeseed, Brassica napus L. developed at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops: 1681, 1840-2, 1860, 39712, 39859, 39880, 40059, and 40177 were studied. The purpose of the research was a comparative estimation of the maternal lines of the winter rapeseed hybrids by calculated statistic parameters of adaptability, environmental and genetic plasticity, stability, stress resistance in the central zone of the Krasnodar region in different years. Indicators of environmental plasticity and stability were calculated by seed yield of the maternal lines of the winter rapeseed hybrids for three years due to the procedure by SA Eberhart, WA Rassell as revised by VА Zykin. To calculate a coefficient of a linear regression, the environmental indexes characterizing the variability of lines production conditions were defined. Stress resistance and genetic plasticity were determinated due to the equation by AA Rossielle & J Hamblin. Potential productivity and adaptability were identified by the procedure of LA Zhivotkov. The conditions of the 2020 were satisfactory for winter rapeseed plants growth and development. The average yield of the maternal lines was equal to 4.83 ton ha-1. The conditions of 2018 and 2019 were not quite favorable, since the environmental index was negative (Ij= -0.14 and -1.23), and average yield was 3.33 and 2.24 ton ha-1, respectively. The comparative estimation of the maternal lines of the winter rapeseed hybrids developed at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the parameters of the ecological plasticity and stability in the Krasnodar region showed that the line 39712 having the average seed yield per year of 3.70 ton ha-1 combines a high level of plasticity, adaptability, stability and is characterized by a high genetic plasticity. This line possesses high responsibility to the advanced cultivation conditions. The line 39880 with the average yield of 3.57 ton ha-1 also is characterized by environmental and genetic plasticity and adaptability. The lines 39859 and 40177 demonstrated the highest stability and resistance to the stress factors of environments. They are very adaptive to deterioration of the weather conditions. The selected maternal lines are very interesting for breeding of winter rapeseed hybrids of the Russian origin.
2018-2020年，对V.S.Pustovoit全俄油料作物研究所开发的冬油菜母系Brassica napus L.1681、1840-21860、39712、39859、39880、40059和40177进行了研究。本研究旨在通过计算克拉斯诺达尔地区中部地区不同年份的适应性、环境和遗传可塑性、稳定性、抗逆性等统计参数，对冬油菜杂交种的母系进行比较评价。根据SA Eberhart，WA Rassell的程序，根据VАZykin修订的程序，通过冬油菜杂交种母系三年的种子产量计算环境可塑性和稳定性指标。为了计算线性回归系数，定义了表征生产线生产条件可变性的环境指标。AA Rossielle和J Hamblin根据该方程确定了抗逆性和遗传可塑性。通过LA Zhivotkov程序鉴定了潜在生产力和适应性。2020年冬油菜生长发育条件较好。母系的平均产量为4.83吨ha-1。2018年和2019年的条件不太有利，因为环境指数为负（Ij=-0.14和-1.23），平均产量分别为3.33和2.24吨ha-1。利用克拉斯诺达尔地区生态可塑性和稳定性参数对俄罗斯石油作物研究所（V.S.Pustovoit All Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops）培育的冬油菜籽杂交种母系进行比较估计，稳定性，具有较高的遗传可塑性。这条线路对先进的栽培条件负有高度责任。39880品系的平均产量为3.57吨ha-1，也具有环境和遗传可塑性和适应性。线39859和40177表现出最高的稳定性和对环境应力因素的抵抗力。它们对天气条件的恶化非常适应。所选择的母系对于俄罗斯原产的冬油菜杂交种的选育非常有趣。
{"title":"Estimation of adaptability of the maternal lines of the winter rapeseed hybrids bred at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of oil crops in the central zone of the krasnodar region, Russia","authors":"E. Strelnikov, E. Bochkarova, L. Gorlova, V. Serdyuk","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5094","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018-2020, the maternal lines of winter rapeseed, Brassica napus L. developed at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops: 1681, 1840-2, 1860, 39712, 39859, 39880, 40059, and 40177 were studied. The purpose of the research was a comparative estimation of the maternal lines of the winter rapeseed hybrids by calculated statistic parameters of adaptability, environmental and genetic plasticity, stability, stress resistance in the central zone of the Krasnodar region in different years. Indicators of environmental plasticity and stability were calculated by seed yield of the maternal lines of the winter rapeseed hybrids for three years due to the procedure by SA Eberhart, WA Rassell as revised by VА Zykin. To calculate a coefficient of a linear regression, the environmental indexes characterizing the variability of lines production conditions were defined. Stress resistance and genetic plasticity were determinated due to the equation by AA Rossielle & J Hamblin. Potential productivity and adaptability were identified by the procedure of LA Zhivotkov. The conditions of the 2020 were satisfactory for winter rapeseed plants growth and development. The average yield of the maternal lines was equal to 4.83 ton ha-1. The conditions of 2018 and 2019 were not quite favorable, since the environmental index was negative (Ij= -0.14 and -1.23), and average yield was 3.33 and 2.24 ton ha-1, respectively. The comparative estimation of the maternal lines of the winter rapeseed hybrids developed at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the parameters of the ecological plasticity and stability in the Krasnodar region showed that the line 39712 having the average seed yield per year of 3.70 ton ha-1 combines a high level of plasticity, adaptability, stability and is characterized by a high genetic plasticity. This line possesses high responsibility to the advanced cultivation conditions. The line 39880 with the average yield of 3.57 ton ha-1 also is characterized by environmental and genetic plasticity and adaptability. The lines 39859 and 40177 demonstrated the highest stability and resistance to the stress factors of environments. They are very adaptive to deterioration of the weather conditions. The selected maternal lines are very interesting for breeding of winter rapeseed hybrids of the Russian origin.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41647718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mazaher Zamani-Faradonbe, Y. Keivany, Farhad Kermani, E. Ebrahimi
Among the environmental factors, water temperature has a significant effect on many aspects of fish life. This study was carried out to examine effects of water temperature on body shape of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus during the early stages of life using truss network system. A total of 150 newly-born fry were reared in three temperature treatments (22, 28 and 34°C) for 40 days. At the end of experiment, the left side of the specimens was photographed. To achieve the body shape data, 13 landmark-points were digitized using tpsDig2 software. The extracted data were justified with generalized procrustes analysis, then the differences of body shape among groups were investigated using the principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA) and cluster analysis (CA). There were significant differences in body shape of the treatments. The results of CVA and CA indicated that one of the important factors in the aquatic habitats is water temperature that influences the body shape of the Nile tilapia during the first stages (larval and juvenile stages) of growth.
{"title":"Assessment of temperature effects on body shape in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus juveniles using the truss network system","authors":"Mazaher Zamani-Faradonbe, Y. Keivany, Farhad Kermani, E. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5122","url":null,"abstract":"Among the environmental factors, water temperature has a significant effect on many aspects of fish life. This study was carried out to examine effects of water temperature on body shape of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus during the early stages of life using truss network system. A total of 150 newly-born fry were reared in three temperature treatments (22, 28 and 34°C) for 40 days. At the end of experiment, the left side of the specimens was photographed. To achieve the body shape data, 13 landmark-points were digitized using tpsDig2 software. The extracted data were justified with generalized procrustes analysis, then the differences of body shape among groups were investigated using the principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA) and cluster analysis (CA). There were significant differences in body shape of the treatments. The results of CVA and CA indicated that one of the important factors in the aquatic habitats is water temperature that influences the body shape of the Nile tilapia during the first stages (larval and juvenile stages) of growth.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"17 4","pages":"639-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41245325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Population growth will change the demand for food and energy resources and environmental pollution. Although early energy resources modeling has made vital efforts to model the energy system in the world, because of increasing complexity and integration of environmental, social, and economic functions, these models still need to be developed to show a system close to the real world to enhance sustainable management of natural resources. Hence, the main objective of this study is to design a system dynamics model for the food production system and energy demand in Iran in order to evaluate the effects of different population scenarios on key variables. In this regard, an integrated system dynamics simulation model was developed in Iran where managing energy resources is seriously challenging due to population growth and increasing food demand. The results of the behavioral test showed that the designed model can be used to investigate and simulate the effects of different population growth rate scenarios. Findings illustrated that by increasing population, if no further energy demand management policies were implemented, the total food demand and energy use increase by more than 1.35% and 3.31% respectively. Also, the annual air pollution change during 2014-2030 is expected to be around 4.41%. By changing the population growth rate in the form of population scenarios, the average annual energy demand in the first population scenario will be 20,277 barrels of crude oil and in the second population scenario will be 20049 barrels of crude oil. It seems that the change in the population growth rate will lead to an increase of 3.23% and 2.16% in average annual energy demand, respectively. The results showed that in the first population scenario, with a further increase in population variables, food demand and energy demand, the average change in pollution emission is 4.79%, which is at a higher level than the baseline conditions. In the second population scenario, changes in environmental pollution will be reduced to 4.31%. Therefore, given the effectiveness of population growth on the behavior of the energy system and pollution, the adoption of energy management policies should be considered by policy makers.
{"title":"Causal effects of population growth on energy utilization and environmental pollution: A system dynamics approach","authors":"Masoud Mobaseri, S. N. Mousavi, M. Haghighi","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5088","url":null,"abstract":"Population growth will change the demand for food and energy resources and environmental pollution. Although early energy resources modeling has made vital efforts to model the energy system in the world, because of increasing complexity and integration of environmental, social, and economic functions, these models still need to be developed to show a system close to the real world to enhance sustainable management of natural resources. Hence, the main objective of this study is to design a system dynamics model for the food production system and energy demand in Iran in order to evaluate the effects of different population scenarios on key variables. In this regard, an integrated system dynamics simulation model was developed in Iran where managing energy resources is seriously challenging due to population growth and increasing food demand. The results of the behavioral test showed that the designed model can be used to investigate and simulate the effects of different population growth rate scenarios. Findings illustrated that by increasing population, if no further energy demand management policies were implemented, the total food demand and energy use increase by more than 1.35% and 3.31% respectively. Also, the annual air pollution change during 2014-2030 is expected to be around 4.41%. By changing the population growth rate in the form of population scenarios, the average annual energy demand in the first population scenario will be 20,277 barrels of crude oil and in the second population scenario will be 20049 barrels of crude oil. It seems that the change in the population growth rate will lead to an increase of 3.23% and 2.16% in average annual energy demand, respectively. The results showed that in the first population scenario, with a further increase in population variables, food demand and energy demand, the average change in pollution emission is 4.79%, which is at a higher level than the baseline conditions. In the second population scenario, changes in environmental pollution will be reduced to 4.31%. Therefore, given the effectiveness of population growth on the behavior of the energy system and pollution, the adoption of energy management policies should be considered by policy makers.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"601-618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41824127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hengameh Mirhashemi, Fardin Moradi, H. Pourbabaei, Arash Mezbani
Intended to examine the effects of altitude on flora, life forms and geographical distribution of herbaceous species, this study was conducted in Kabirkouh forests of Darreshahr, located in Ilam Province, Iran, by selecting an area (circa 300 ha) in this forest. The study area was divided into three elevational classes and 63 systematic random plots were sampled (21 in each of the elevational classes). In order to record the herbaceous cover, the surface area of the plots was determined using the minimal area method. Then the herbaceous species and their percent coverage were recorded based on the Van der Marel criterion. A total of 109 herbaceous species belonging to 92 genera and 24 families were identified in the study area. The most frequent species were in the Asteraceae (23 species) and Poaceae (16 species) families. The results showed that in all three elevational classes, therophytes were the dominant life form of the area. The frequency of the therophytes in the first altitude class was higher than in the other classes. The second predominant life form was hemicryptophytes, whose frequency in the third class was higher than the other classes. Other life forms observed in the region were cryptophytes and chamaephytes, respectively which made up the least proportion of the area’s plant population. In addition, the results indicated that within all of the elevational classes, a high percentage of the existing plants of the study area belonged to the Irano-Turanian floristic region. Generally, the altitude had a significant effect on the distribution of the flora of the study area.
为了研究海拔对草本物种的植物区系、生命形式和地理分布的影响，本研究在伊朗伊拉姆省达尔沙赫尔的Kabirkouh森林中选择了一个面积(约300公顷)进行。研究区划分为3个海拔等级，系统随机采样63个样地(每个海拔等级21个)。为了记录草本覆盖，采用最小面积法确定样地的地表面积。然后根据Van der Marel标准记录草本物种及其盖度百分比。研究区共发现草本植物109种，隶属于24科92属。以菊科(23种)和禾本科(16种)居多。结果表明，在三个海拔等级中，植生植物都是该地区的优势生命形式。第一海拔等级的热生植物出现频率高于其他等级。第二大优势生命形式为半隐生物，其在第三类中的出现频率高于其他类。在该地区观察到的其他生命形式分别是隐生植物和变色虫，它们在该地区植物种群中所占比例最低。此外，结果表明，在所有海拔等级中，研究区现有植物中有很高的比例属于伊朗-图兰区。总体而言，海拔高度对研究区植物区系的分布有显著影响。
{"title":"Changes in flora, life forms and geographical distribution of herbaceous plant species along an altitudinal gradient in oak forests, Iran","authors":"Hengameh Mirhashemi, Fardin Moradi, H. Pourbabaei, Arash Mezbani","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5121","url":null,"abstract":"Intended to examine the effects of altitude on flora, life forms and geographical distribution of herbaceous species, this study was conducted in Kabirkouh forests of Darreshahr, located in Ilam Province, Iran, by selecting an area (circa 300 ha) in this forest. The study area was divided into three elevational classes and 63 systematic random plots were sampled (21 in each of the elevational classes). In order to record the herbaceous cover, the surface area of the plots was determined using the minimal area method. Then the herbaceous species and their percent coverage were recorded based on the Van der Marel criterion. A total of 109 herbaceous species belonging to 92 genera and 24 families were identified in the study area. The most frequent species were in the Asteraceae (23 species) and Poaceae (16 species) families. The results showed that in all three elevational classes, therophytes were the dominant life form of the area. The frequency of the therophytes in the first altitude class was higher than in the other classes. The second predominant life form was hemicryptophytes, whose frequency in the third class was higher than the other classes. Other life forms observed in the region were cryptophytes and chamaephytes, respectively which made up the least proportion of the area’s plant population. In addition, the results indicated that within all of the elevational classes, a high percentage of the existing plants of the study area belonged to the Irano-Turanian floristic region. Generally, the altitude had a significant effect on the distribution of the flora of the study area.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"619-627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46913437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turnip rape, Brassica rapa L. var. sabsp. Campestris (L.) A.R.Clapham belongs to the large cabbage family (Brassicacea). Spring turnip rape among other oilseeds of the Brassicacea family occupies an important place and can be highly productive in the Northern regions of the European part, in the arid zones of the Lower Volga region, in the northern forest-steppe and subtaiga regions of Western and Eastern Siberia, where the longer growing season sometimes hinders rapeseed to achieve its full potential. Spring turnip rape ripens 13-15 days earlier than rapeseed; it is less heat- and drought-sensitive. However, interest in industrial cultivation of spring turnip rape appeared in the 70s of the last century after the creation of non-erucic and low-glucosinolate varieties, with the oil equivalent to olive oil in its fatty acid composition. Spring turnip rape has been bred at V.S. Pustovoyt All-Russian Research Institute of Oils Crops (VNIIMK) since 1982. The yellow-seeded varieties, Vostochnaya, Yantarnaya, and Zolotistaya, were created. The objective of this research was to find a new promising breeding material for creating varieties of 000-type spring turnip rape from heterogeneous populations of the available VNIIMK varieties. To obtain a new source material, we used the pedigree method, followed by an assessment of the progeny of elite plants isolated from Yantarnaya and Zolotistaya. The result of our six-year efforts was four new promising samples No. 815, 844, 816, and 820, which exceed the standard variety, Zolotistaya, in seed yield by 10-14%. The oil content of seeds of the isolated samples varied from 47.8 to 48.6%, and exceeded the standard variety by 0.3–0.7% in three of them. Promising cultivars either had the same or lower weight of 1000 seeds (2.4-3.0 g), in comparison with Zolotistaya. All selected samples of turnip rape were characterized by a low glucosinolate content in seeds – 13.5–14.5 μmol g-1, and the fatty acid composition corresponded to the requirements for high-quality salad oils with erucic acid levels of 0.04–0.20% and a high content of oleic acid – 65.8–67.4%. After additional assessment, the best variety will be submitted for the State test.
{"title":"Breeding of spring turnip rape, Brassica rapa L. var. subsp.campestris (L.) A.R Clapham at All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops","authors":"Bochkarova Emma Borisovna, Gorlova Lyudmila Anatolievna, Serdyuk Vadim Vladimirovich, Strelnikov Evgeniy Aleksandrovich, Kuznetsova Galina Nikolaevna","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5144","url":null,"abstract":"Turnip rape, Brassica rapa L. var. sabsp. Campestris (L.) A.R.Clapham belongs to the large cabbage family (Brassicacea). Spring turnip rape among other oilseeds of the Brassicacea family occupies an important place and can be highly productive in the Northern regions of the European part, in the arid zones of the Lower Volga region, in the northern forest-steppe and subtaiga regions of Western and Eastern Siberia, where the longer growing season sometimes hinders rapeseed to achieve its full potential. Spring turnip rape ripens 13-15 days earlier than rapeseed; it is less heat- and drought-sensitive. However, interest in industrial cultivation of spring turnip rape appeared in the 70s of the last century after the creation of non-erucic and low-glucosinolate varieties, with the oil equivalent to olive oil in its fatty acid composition. Spring turnip rape has been bred at V.S. Pustovoyt All-Russian Research Institute of Oils Crops (VNIIMK) since 1982. The yellow-seeded varieties, Vostochnaya, Yantarnaya, and Zolotistaya, were created. The objective of this research was to find a new promising breeding material for creating varieties of 000-type spring turnip rape from heterogeneous populations of the available VNIIMK varieties. To obtain a new source material, we used the pedigree method, followed by an assessment of the progeny of elite plants isolated from Yantarnaya and Zolotistaya. The result of our six-year efforts was four new promising samples No. 815, 844, 816, and 820, which exceed the standard variety, Zolotistaya, in seed yield by 10-14%. The oil content of seeds of the isolated samples varied from 47.8 to 48.6%, and exceeded the standard variety by 0.3–0.7% in three of them. Promising cultivars either had the same or lower weight of 1000 seeds (2.4-3.0 g), in comparison with Zolotistaya. All selected samples of turnip rape were characterized by a low glucosinolate content in seeds – 13.5–14.5 μmol g-1, and the fatty acid composition corresponded to the requirements for high-quality salad oils with erucic acid levels of 0.04–0.20% and a high content of oleic acid – 65.8–67.4%. After additional assessment, the best variety will be submitted for the State test.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"709-714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43248825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cement factories in urban areas can affect the air quality of cities due to the variety of pollutants emitted from cement production processes. In the present study, the impacts of the Khazar cement factory and two transportation axes between Guilan and Qazvin provinces were investigated on the air quality of Lowshan in Guilan Province, Iran in 2019. Due to the lack of suitable meteorological data for dispersion modeling, the WRF model was used to predict the meteorological parameters. The pollutants dispersion modeling was conducted by AERMOD software and the accuracy of results was confirmed by field measurements of NO2 obtained by passive samplers. The CO and NO2 dispersion modeling results showed that the air quality of Lowshan is in an acceptable situation compared to the ambient air quality standards. So that, the maximum one-hour concentration of NO2 in most residential areas was lower than the ambient standard, and only in small parts of the areas close to line sources, the concentration value was close to the standard limits. The maximum value of annually-averaged concentration of NO2 and the maximum one-hour concentration of CO were 17 ppb and 2.5 ppm, respectively, which are much lower than the clean air standards. Further investigation showed that in the cold weather seasons, due to the less vertical displacement of air and the decrease in the boundary layer height, the concentration of pollutants in the urban environment is higher than that in the warm weather seasons. Considering the night and day time wind roses showed that despite the existence of valley-mountain structure in the city, the air quality of the city is not affected by the mountain and valley breezes and also night and day wind roses do not follow the trend of these breezes.
{"title":"Gaseous air pollutants dispersion emitted from point and line sources by coupling WRF-AERMOD models (Case study: Lowshan, Guilan Province, Iran)","authors":"Sima Farivar Ghaziani, A. A. Orkomi, M. Rajabi","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5131","url":null,"abstract":"The cement factories in urban areas can affect the air quality of cities due to the variety of pollutants emitted from cement production processes. In the present study, the impacts of the Khazar cement factory and two transportation axes between Guilan and Qazvin provinces were investigated on the air quality of Lowshan in Guilan Province, Iran in 2019. Due to the lack of suitable meteorological data for dispersion modeling, the WRF model was used to predict the meteorological parameters. The pollutants dispersion modeling was conducted by AERMOD software and the accuracy of results was confirmed by field measurements of NO2 obtained by passive samplers. The CO and NO2 dispersion modeling results showed that the air quality of Lowshan is in an acceptable situation compared to the ambient air quality standards. So that, the maximum one-hour concentration of NO2 in most residential areas was lower than the ambient standard, and only in small parts of the areas close to line sources, the concentration value was close to the standard limits. The maximum value of annually-averaged concentration of NO2 and the maximum one-hour concentration of CO were 17 ppb and 2.5 ppm, respectively, which are much lower than the clean air standards. Further investigation showed that in the cold weather seasons, due to the less vertical displacement of air and the decrease in the boundary layer height, the concentration of pollutants in the urban environment is higher than that in the warm weather seasons. Considering the night and day time wind roses showed that despite the existence of valley-mountain structure in the city, the air quality of the city is not affected by the mountain and valley breezes and also night and day wind roses do not follow the trend of these breezes.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"649-660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44955652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many species of non-sporulating bacteria including Escherichia coli can enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under stress conditions. In this study, the change in thermal resistance of E. coli O157:H7 after entering into the VBNC state in salted silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, was investigated. E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated on the fish control group (TF) and on those fish with 30% NaCl (TF + 30% NaCl) at room temperature. Culturability of bacteria was determined using routine culture and colony counting on Sorbitol MacConkey agar. When bacteria were non-cultivable, the RT-PCR of 16S rRNA gene (including direct extraction and purification of RNA, DNase I treatment for removing DNA contamination, cDNA synthesis and electrophoresis of PCR products of cDNA) was used to detect VBNC E. coli O157:H7. Also, cultivable and VBNC E. coli O157:H7 were individually heat-treated at 55, 62 and 70 °C for 5 min. The samples were cooled and after 24 h, the thermal resistance of bacteria was determined through viability detection using RT-PCR of 16S rRNA gene. The culturability of bacteria was kept in fish treatment but they were non-cultivable in fish under 30% NaCl after 5 days. The positive expression of 16S rRNA in all studied treatments indicated the entering of E. coli O157:H7 into the VBNC state in fish treatment under 30% NaCl. Moreover, the RT-PCR of 16S rRNA gene showed that only VBNC forms of E. coli O157:H7 showed viability at 62 °C for 5 min which indicated the increased resistant of VBNC bacteria to the thermal inactivation. The ability of E. coli O157:H7 to enter into VBNC state in salted fish and also the increase of its thermal resistance suggest that VBNC E. coli O157: H7 can be considered as critical threat to public health and food safety.
{"title":"The change in heat inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 after entering into the viable but non-culturable state in salted fish, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix","authors":"M. Khezri, M. Rezaei, A. Mobarez, M. Zolfaghari","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5130","url":null,"abstract":"Many species of non-sporulating bacteria including Escherichia coli can enter into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state under stress conditions. In this study, the change in thermal resistance of E. coli O157:H7 after entering into the VBNC state in salted silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, was investigated. E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated on the fish control group (TF) and on those fish with 30% NaCl (TF + 30% NaCl) at room temperature. Culturability of bacteria was determined using routine culture and colony counting on Sorbitol MacConkey agar. When bacteria were non-cultivable, the RT-PCR of 16S rRNA gene (including direct extraction and purification of RNA, DNase I treatment for removing DNA contamination, cDNA synthesis and electrophoresis of PCR products of cDNA) was used to detect VBNC E. coli O157:H7. Also, cultivable and VBNC E. coli O157:H7 were individually heat-treated at 55, 62 and 70 °C for 5 min. The samples were cooled and after 24 h, the thermal resistance of bacteria was determined through viability detection using RT-PCR of 16S rRNA gene. The culturability of bacteria was kept in fish treatment but they were non-cultivable in fish under 30% NaCl after 5 days. The positive expression of 16S rRNA in all studied treatments indicated the entering of E. coli O157:H7 into the VBNC state in fish treatment under 30% NaCl. Moreover, the RT-PCR of 16S rRNA gene showed that only VBNC forms of E. coli O157:H7 showed viability at 62 °C for 5 min which indicated the increased resistant of VBNC bacteria to the thermal inactivation. The ability of E. coli O157:H7 to enter into VBNC state in salted fish and also the increase of its thermal resistance suggest that VBNC E. coli O157: H7 can be considered as critical threat to public health and food safety.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"629-637"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49138816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mohammadpour, H. Babazadeh, A. Afrous, E. Pazira
Heavy metals are generally found in industrial wastewaters, affecting human health and living organisms. This study was therefore aimed to use bioadsorbents rice husk and activated carbon-silica to efficiently remove the heavy metals including lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from an aqueous wastewater. The effects of bioadsorbent content, initial concentration, contact time, and pH value on the metal removal were investigated. An increased metal initial concentration lowered the removal efficiency of the bioadsorbents, and pH 6 provided the best condition for the removal of Pb and Cd. The use of rice husk and activated carbon-silica at pH 6 resulted in a maximum metal removal of 81% and 98% for Pb, while 88% and 100% for Cd respectively. The adsorption parameters were then determined by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, and the experimental data were better fitted in the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model in comparison with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.
{"title":"Rice husk and activated carbon-silica as potential bioadsorbents for wastewater purification","authors":"M. Mohammadpour, H. Babazadeh, A. Afrous, E. Pazira","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5139","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are generally found in industrial wastewaters, affecting human health and living organisms. This study was therefore aimed to use bioadsorbents rice husk and activated carbon-silica to efficiently remove the heavy metals including lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) from an aqueous wastewater. The effects of bioadsorbent content, initial concentration, contact time, and pH value on the metal removal were investigated. An increased metal initial concentration lowered the removal efficiency of the bioadsorbents, and pH 6 provided the best condition for the removal of Pb and Cd. The use of rice husk and activated carbon-silica at pH 6 resulted in a maximum metal removal of 81% and 98% for Pb, while 88% and 100% for Cd respectively. The adsorption parameters were then determined by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms, and the experimental data were better fitted in the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model in comparison with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"661-672"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44184405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heavy metal ion contamination is a commonality in industries such as mining, electroplating, and metal processing. By increased discharge of copper contaminated water, toxic waste due to Cu (II) has become a severe ecological dilemma globally. Adsorption is considered one of the more practicable techniques suggested for heavy metal removal because of its sensitivity, ease of operation and reproducibility alongside economic benefits such as effectiveness. This study examined the adsorption characteristics of an adsorbent prepared from orange peel (OP) for copper (II) in solutions that were aqueous. In evaluating the useful benefit of the sorbent material, changes in solution pH, initial Cu (II) concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time on the adsorption process were also examined. Additionally, adsorption equilibrium isotherm as well as adsorption kinetics were explored to understand adsorption processes.
{"title":"Removal of Cu (II) from industrial wastewaters through locally-produced adsorbent prepared from orange peel","authors":"Zainab A. Naser, H. Abdul-Hameed","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5080","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal ion contamination is a commonality in industries such as mining, electroplating, and metal processing. By increased discharge of copper contaminated water, toxic waste due to Cu (II) has become a severe ecological dilemma globally. Adsorption is considered one of the more practicable techniques suggested for heavy metal removal because of its sensitivity, ease of operation and reproducibility alongside economic benefits such as effectiveness. This study examined the adsorption characteristics of an adsorbent prepared from orange peel (OP) for copper (II) in solutions that were aqueous. In evaluating the useful benefit of the sorbent material, changes in solution pH, initial Cu (II) concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time on the adsorption process were also examined. Additionally, adsorption equilibrium isotherm as well as adsorption kinetics were explored to understand adsorption processes.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43261223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite its universally wide use in water quality indices and evaluating the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants, chemical oxygen demand (COD) or biological oxygen demand (BOD5) analyses have disadvantages such as being imprecise, time-consuming, insensitive, as well as the production of hazardous wastes. Total organic carbon (TOC) will introduce as an alternative analysis, the relationship between BOD5, COD, and TOC has been investigated in this study. A total number of 216 samples were taken from three stations (kumait, Al Amara, and Al Majar Al Kabeer) in Tigris River, Maysan Province, Iraq. The sampling was on a monthly basis during a two-year period. The tests were performed according to ASTM D7573 - 18ae1, ASTM D6238-98, and ASTM D125-06 for TOC, BOD5, and COD respectively at the Pollution Research Centre of the Al-Shatra Institute, the data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program to predict a relationship between the COD or BOD5 and TOC. The analysis showed a good relationship concerning to a value of correlation coefficient, i.e., r = 0.93 or r = 0.94 between TOC and BOD5 or COD respectively, as well as the coefficient of determination, i.e., R2 = 0.91 or R2 = 0.92 between TOC and BOD5 or COD respectively. The validation of the suggested formulas has been tested using data from the Pollutant Centre in Al Shatra Institute for Shat al Gharaf River. The formulas gave reasonably acceptable values. It could be used in monitoring water quality and wastewater plants as a surrogate parameter to have pre-impression of the plant efficiency.
{"title":"An inquiry into the relationships between BOD5, COD, and TOC in Tigris River, Maysan Province, Iraq","authors":"H. Alewi, Emad A. Abood, Gaith Ali","doi":"10.22124/CJES.2021.5079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22124/CJES.2021.5079","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its universally wide use in water quality indices and evaluating the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants, chemical oxygen demand (COD) or biological oxygen demand (BOD5) analyses have disadvantages such as being imprecise, time-consuming, insensitive, as well as the production of hazardous wastes. Total organic carbon (TOC) will introduce as an alternative analysis, the relationship between BOD5, COD, and TOC has been investigated in this study. A total number of 216 samples were taken from three stations (kumait, Al Amara, and Al Majar Al Kabeer) in Tigris River, Maysan Province, Iraq. The sampling was on a monthly basis during a two-year period. The tests were performed according to ASTM D7573 - 18ae1, ASTM D6238-98, and ASTM D125-06 for TOC, BOD5, and COD respectively at the Pollution Research Centre of the Al-Shatra Institute, the data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS program to predict a relationship between the COD or BOD5 and TOC. The analysis showed a good relationship concerning to a value of correlation coefficient, i.e., r = 0.93 or r = 0.94 between TOC and BOD5 or COD respectively, as well as the coefficient of determination, i.e., R2 = 0.91 or R2 = 0.92 between TOC and BOD5 or COD respectively. The validation of the suggested formulas has been tested using data from the Pollutant Centre in Al Shatra Institute for Shat al Gharaf River. The formulas gave reasonably acceptable values. It could be used in monitoring water quality and wastewater plants as a surrogate parameter to have pre-impression of the plant efficiency.","PeriodicalId":9640,"journal":{"name":"caspian journal of environmental sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47075435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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