Case Studies in Thermal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A numerical investigation of heat transfer performance in a prismatic battery cooling system using hybrid nanofluids","authors":"B. Venkateswarlu ,&nbsp;Santosh Chavan ,&nbsp;Sang Woo Joo ,&nbsp;Sung Chul Kim ,&nbsp;Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for high-performance batteries in electric vehicles and energy storage solutions has driven substantial research focused on enhancing the thermal management of battery packs. This study presents a numerical investigation of the heat transfer performance in a prismatic battery cooling system that employs hybrid nanofluids. The cooling system is designed to maintain optimal operating temperatures by circulating the hybrid nanofluids through microtubes serving as cooling channels. The governing flow model equations for momentum and energy are derived based on the microtube cooling channel of the battery structure, incorporating convection, heat generation, and viscous dissipation. Further, numerical simulations are performed for the model equation using the shooting process algorithm in MATLAB software. The results are analyzed to evaluate the coolant temperature, flow behavior, and heat transfer efficiency of the nanofluids surrounding the battery under varying factors. The findings reveal that heat generation causes the Cu-Al₂O₃/H₂O hybrid nanofluid to experience a significant 4.12 % decrease in battery temperature compared to the Al₂O₃/H₂O nanofluid. The liquid flow rate increased by 5.5 % with the increase in nanoparticle volume fraction, while the battery temperature showed a significant decrease of 7.13 % for hybrid nanofluids. The hybrid nanofluid exhibited a faster battery surface heat transfer rate of 5.86 % compared to the nanofluid, due to its superior thermal properties from the hybrid nanoparticles. This research highlights the potential of hybrid nanofluids as an effective coolant for enhancing the heat transfer performance of battery modules in electric vehicles and energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105719"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of the heat extraction performance of mine backfill heat exchanger based on phase change heat storage (PCHS-BFHE)","authors":"Pai Ning ,&nbsp;Feng Ju ,&nbsp;Juan Xu ,&nbsp;Meng Xiao ,&nbsp;Tengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Si","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep mines contain a large amount of hot-rock geothermal energy, and one method to exploit it is to construct a backfill heat exchanger based on phase change heat storage (PCHS-BFHE) in the mine goaf. In this paper, the influence of the thermophysical parameters of phase change heat storage backfill (PCHSB), the heat extraction conditions, the groundwater seepage, and the heat exchange tube (HET) connection pattern on the heat extraction performance of PCHS-BFHE has been analyzed through numerical simulation, and a method for determining the reasonable tube spacing of the multi-tube series model has been proposed. The results indicate that the outlet-inlet temperature difference of the heat transfer fluid (HTF) is independent of the latent heat and the phase change temperature of PCHSB, but positively correlated with the thermal conductivity of PCHSB and the seepage velocity (perpendicular to the HET) of groundwater, negatively correlated with the inlet temperature and the mass flow rate of HTF. The multi-tube series model can obtain higher outlet temperature, but the total heat it extracts is lower. The proposed method for determining the reasonable tube spacing of the multi-tube series model is effective. The research results can provide theoretical support for the exploitation of mine geothermal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105721"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical studies on scaling and thermal conductivity of backward step ethanol fueled micro-combustor","authors":"Vinay Sankar ,&nbsp;Ratna Kishore Velamati ,&nbsp;Sudipto Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An experimental study was performed to explore the flammability limits of ethanol fuelled stepped micro-combustor (three-step) at different scales (by changing surface area to volume ratio <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>V</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>). The combustors were made of quartz, stainless steel, and aluminium, each with a thermal conductivity that differed by order of magnitude. The study indicates that reducing the S/V, leads to upstream flame stabilization, with aluminium combustors having superior flame stabilization nearer to the combustor inlet followed by stainless steel and quartz combustors. It was observed that for all scales of combustors, better blowout limit and flashback limit were observed at <span><math><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>. Interestingly the blowout limit followed a trend similar to that of laminar burning velocity <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and the flashback limit followed a trend similar to temperature dependency <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> with <span><math><mi>ϕ</mi></math></span>. The aluminium combustors at all scales showed better outer wall mean temperature <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and uniformity <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, making it more suitable for Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) applications. The uniform wall temperature distribution in the aluminium combustor allows for the mounting of more TEG modules compared to Stainless steel combustors, where TEG modules can only be effectively mounted on the second and third steps due to non-uniform wall temperatures in the first step.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105751"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of kitchen comfort based on arithmetic superposition index P","authors":"Shunyu Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangrui Zhao,&nbsp;Liangguo Cheng,&nbsp;Zhihang Shen,&nbsp;Zhenlei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the accumulation of pollutants and high-temperature environment in the kitchen, this paper comprehensively considers kitchen pollution emissions, air supply, and thermal comfort, innovatively introduces the concepts of arithmetic superposition index P and human respiratory zone thermal sensitivity weighting, and proposes a multi-objective optimization of kitchen comfort based on the P index. This study adopts a combination of orthogonal experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to study the exhaust characteristics of range hoods under different structural parameters and compares and analyzes the rationality and effectiveness of different auxiliary ventilation methods in kitchen ventilation systems to propose the optimal solution. The research findings indicate that adjusting the range hood barrier angle significantly reduces kitchen pollution, and workstation air supply markedly improves kitchen and breathing zone comfort. Optimizing range hood parameters (178°angle, 1.544m height, 20.57 Pa pressure) increased PM₁₀ capture efficiency by 25.68 % and reduced PM₁₀ intake fraction by 72.55 %. This also decreased the breathing zone's weighted PMV by 37.17 % and increased kitchen ADPI by 27.7 %. Compared to no auxiliary air supply, workstation air supply decreased kitchen PMV by 53.08 % and breathing zone thermal weighted PMV by 96.99 %. Additionally, it lowered the thermal weighted air age in the breathing zone by 11.98 % and improved ventilation efficiency by 12.55 %, greatly enhancing kitchen comfort.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105745"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of distiller's grains for energy conservation and emissions reduction: A comprehensive investigation on pyrolysis kinetics and air-steam gasification performances","authors":"Minwei Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Jincan Zeng ,&nbsp;Qin Wang ,&nbsp;Xi Liu ,&nbsp;Guori Huang ,&nbsp;Rongfeng Deng ,&nbsp;Jianbiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distiller's grains (DGs) is the by-product during liquor brewing, can be utilized as a renewable fuel by pyrolysis and gasification techniques, promoting energy conservation and emissions reduction. The pyrolysis kinetics and air-steam gasification performances were examined through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and fixed-bed reactor experiments. The TGA results indicated that, the DGs pyrolysis roughly occurred at 140.0–400.0 °C, and two splitting peaks at about 310.0 °C and 350.0 °C, corresponded to the cracking of cellulose and lignin, respectively. The second and third pyrolysis stages separately had the activation energies of 188.0 and 148.1 kJ/mol, and could be severally described by (1-<em>x</em>)² and (1-<em>x</em>)^3.5. Air-steam gasification experiments of DGs were conducted to investigate the impacts of gasifying temperature, air volume flow, and steam flow on gas compositions and yields, lower calorific value of syngas (<em>Q</em>_gas), efficiencies of carbon conversion and gasification (<em>η</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>η</em>_<em>G</em>). All performance parameters first grew and then reduced with temperature rising, and the highest values of <em>Q</em>_gas, <em>η</em>_<em>C</em> and <em>η</em>_<em>G</em> all reached at 750 °C. The equivalence ratio (<em>ER</em>) of 0.4 and steam-to-DGs ratio of 0.5 were suggested for DGs gasification. The results of this study could provide useful information for the energy utilization of distiller's grains through pyrolysis and gasification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105747"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy optimization of stagnant blood flow systems with tetra-hybrid nano additives under viscous dissipation, joule heating and thermal radiation effects","authors":"Meena Rajeswari P,&nbsp;Poulomi De","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2024.105692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entropy generation optimization has significant applications in biomedical engineering, including angioplasty therapy, more rapid focused medication delivery and streamlining of medical instruments functionality. This study seeks to explore entropy generation optimization in stagnant blood flow region with tetra-hybrid nanofluid through a curved stretching surface embedded by blood tissues. Aiming to enhance heat transfer rate, <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>T</mi><mi>i</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>F</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow></math></span> nanoparticles are considered with a combination of radiation effects, viscous dissipation and joule heating. Numerical solutions are obtained by Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 5th order method with shooting strategy. Validation of code is done by comparing the current result of distinct curvature parameter values for drag force to existing studies and attaining high concordance. Numerical results in surface drag force and thermal transmission rate for unsteadiness parameter and curvature parameter are investigated. Improvement of curvature parameter enriches the blood flow's velocity and reduces the pressure distribution. Tetra-hybrid nanofluid volume fraction and platelet shape factor for nanoparticles have efficient heat transfer rate. Curvature parameter enhances the heat transfer rate by 141.4 % and minimizes the resistance of blood flow as 42.49 %. Entropy generation optimization worked well for tetra-hybrid nanofluid compared to pure blood flow, enhanced by 47.7 %. Overall results have major utilization in biomedical engineering field and medical devices optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105692"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open-ended microwave oven with E-field uniformity","authors":"Jeong-Hun Park,&nbsp;Jee-Won Kim,&nbsp;Moon-Que Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a new open-ended microwave oven with E-field uniformity has been proposed for microelectronics packaging curing. The open-ended oven contains three dielectrics and an air-filled section, being physically open at one end but electrically shielded due to the evanescent mode in the air-filled section. The first, second, and third dielectrics are square, square, and ring-shaped, respectively. The relative permittivities of them are 2.1, 6.6, and 20.6, respectively. The first dielectric is used for a TM₁₁ mode cavity. The second and third dielectrics serve as <span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span> impedance transformers for the entire face and the edge face, respectively. The second and third dielectrics, shifting the field along a longitudinal direction, increase the E-field intensities in the center region and perimeter region, respectively, on the external surface of the dielectric-air interface. The combination of both second and third dielectrics can result in the E-field uniformity and maximization at the dielectric-open end. In simulated analysis, uniformities of 2.8 %, 2.8 %, and 2.7 % for the TM_11(1st), TM_11(2nd), and TM_11(3rd) modes were obtained, which are 7.6, 7.9, and 9.3 times better, respectively, than those of the conventional open-ended oven. The E-field uniformity was verified through experimental tests in two cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105762"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142988121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of biogas-powered absorption cooling systems and biomass potential for sustainable rural development: A case study in Yenişehir, Turkiye","authors":"Kenan Saka ,&nbsp;Mehmet F. Orhan","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the performance of a small-scale, single-effect absorption cooling system powered by biogas, designed to address the dual needs for cooling and energy in rural areas. The study focuses on Yenişehir, where animal-based biogas facilities are absent, and cold storage capacity is insufficient to meet local agricultural demands. The system achieves a maximum Coefficient of Performance of 0.82 and an exergetic efficiency of 40.4 % under optimized conditions. Exergy destruction is minimized to 1.79 kW under elevated absorber and condenser temperatures. The minimum biogas mass flow rate required is 0.0007 kg/s, utilizing biogas with a 65 % methane content. To sustain a cooling load of 10 kW annually, 63 cattle are required for biogas production. Based on the local livestock population, up to 250 biogas-powered absorption cooling systems could be implemented in the region. This study provides a sustainable framework for integrating biogas-based cooling and cold storage solutions, addressing the energy and storage needs of small and medium-sized farms while contributing to rural economic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105784"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal assessment of Li-ion battery cells and coolant in hybrid electric vehicles system: Application of conjugate condition and response surface methodology","authors":"Asif Afzal ,&nbsp;M.K. Ramis ,&nbsp;R.D. Jilte ,&nbsp;Mamdooh Alwetaishi ,&nbsp;Sung Goon Park ,&nbsp;Abdulrajak Buradi ,&nbsp;Qasem M. Al-Mdallal ,&nbsp;Ümit Ağbulut","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerical and response surface (RS) analysis of the thermal performance of prismatic battery-operated cell is performed cooled by the forced flow of air considering conjugate condition at the cell-fluid interface. At the battery-air interface, where the heat flow continuity and temperature condition exist, the combined heat transfer condition is examined. Control volume-based code is developed where the Navier-stokes equation is solved by SIMPLE algorithm. The numerical work is endorsed by the experimental work specified in the literature. The effects of <em>ζ</em>_<em>cc</em> (conduction–convection parameter – 0.06 to 0.1), Ar (Aspect ratio 10 to 30), volumetric heat generation (<span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>q</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> – 0.1 to 1.0), and Re (Reynolds number – 250 to 2000) are investigated. The effect of the parameters mentioned above on temperature distribution (TeDi) along the axial direction (AD) in the battery cell (BC) and transverse TeDi in the fluid channel is investigated. The variations in temperature gradient and maximum temperature (MT) difference for different <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>q</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>, <em>ζ</em>_<em>cc</em>, Re, and Ar are illustrated. The RS methodology is employed to analyze the MT of the battery. The MT difference obtained with increasing <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>q</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> and Re is quite significant. The MT difference obtained with an increase in <em>ζ</em>_<em>cc</em> and Re is much less and the same is negligible with <em>Ar</em>. Re below 500 and <em>ζ</em>_<em>cc</em> below 0.06 will cause a greater increase in MT, which acts as lower limits. Similarly, Re above 1250 and ζcc above 0.08 do not help in the reduction of MT. For <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>q</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> = 0.7 and above, the temperature crosses its maximum permissible limit of the battery cell. The RS model developed gives an accuracy of 97 %, close to the numerical values. The RS analysis of MT indicates that <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>q</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> is the most influential parameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105766"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143021183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsteady flow and heat transfer optimization of viscous fluid with bioconvection over a rotating stretchable disk and gyrotactic motile microorganisms","authors":"Mazhar Hussain ,&nbsp;Samya Shahid ,&nbsp;Noreen Sher Akbar ,&nbsp;Mohammed Kbiri Alaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csite.2025.105796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ultimate aim of the present paper is to investigate thermal, mass and microorganism transfer rates in convective flow. Nanofluid's heat transfer along with unsteady laminar flow on stretched rotating disk with motile microorganism bioconvection is numerically analyzed. The novelty of study is to construct a framework that combines microorganisms along with energy equation to analyze how can they be helpful in making a system more efficient like heat transfer enhancement in cooling devices and heat transfer exchanger etc. The model combined energy and concentration equation of microorganisms along with modified momentum equations, considering impact of internal heat generation and nanoparticles diffusion. Impact of unsteady variable (<em>S</em>), disk stretching variable (<em>α</em>), Prandtl number (<em>Pr</em>), Lewis number (<em>Le</em>) are analyzed graphically to understand the thermal and flow behavior. The boundary value problem is numerically solved using shooting method with Runga-Kutta technique by converting equations into initial value problem. Graphical results indicates that parameters like increment of unsteady effects helps in dissipation of thermal energy rapidly and bioconvection evidently influenced velocity, temperature and microorganism profile by thinning the microorganism layer, showing valuable results for optimizing thermal systems like in aerospace engineering where spacecraft undergo extreme temperature due to friction between spacecraft and atmosphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9658,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Thermal Engineering","volume":"66 ","pages":"Article 105796"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143061965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}