Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.014
Virginia J. Glick, Cecilia A. Webber, Lauren E. Simmons, Morgan C. Martin, Maryam Ahmad, Cecilia H. Kim, Amanda N.D. Adams, Sunghee Bang, Michael C. Chao, Nicole C. Howard, Sarah M. Fortune, Manasvi Verma, Marco Jost, Lalit K. Beura, Michael J. James, Seo Yoon Lee, Caroline M. Mitchell, Jon Clardy, Ki Hyun Kim, Smita Gopinath
The optimal vaginal microbiome is a Lactobacillus-dominant community. Apart from Lactobacillus iners, the presence of Lactobacillus species is associated with reduced vaginal inflammation and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Loss of Lactobacillus-dominance is associated with inflammatory conditions, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV). We have identified that Lactobacillus crispatus, a key vaginal bacterial species, produces a family of β-carboline compounds with anti-inflammatory activity. These compounds suppress nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interferon (IFN) signaling downstream of multiple pattern recognition receptors in primary human cells and significantly dampen type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) activation in monocytes. Topical application of an anti-inflammatory β-carboline compound, perlolyrine, was sufficient to significantly reduce vaginal inflammation in a mouse model of genital herpes infection. These compounds are enriched in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) of healthy people compared with people with BV. This study identifies a family of compounds by which vaginal lactobacilli mediate host immune homeostasis and highlights a potential therapeutic avenue for vaginal inflammation.
{"title":"Vaginal lactobacilli produce anti-inflammatory β-carboline compounds","authors":"Virginia J. Glick, Cecilia A. Webber, Lauren E. Simmons, Morgan C. Martin, Maryam Ahmad, Cecilia H. Kim, Amanda N.D. Adams, Sunghee Bang, Michael C. Chao, Nicole C. Howard, Sarah M. Fortune, Manasvi Verma, Marco Jost, Lalit K. Beura, Michael J. James, Seo Yoon Lee, Caroline M. Mitchell, Jon Clardy, Ki Hyun Kim, Smita Gopinath","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal vaginal microbiome is a <em>Lactobacillus</em>-dominant community. Apart from <em>Lactobacillus iners</em>, the presence of <em>Lactobacillus</em> species is associated with reduced vaginal inflammation and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Loss of <em>Lactobacillus</em>-dominance is associated with inflammatory conditions, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV). We have identified that <em>Lactobacillus crispatus</em>, a key vaginal bacterial species, produces a family of β-carboline compounds with anti-inflammatory activity. These compounds suppress nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interferon (IFN) signaling downstream of multiple pattern recognition receptors in primary human cells and significantly dampen type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) activation in monocytes. Topical application of an anti-inflammatory β-carboline compound, perlolyrine, was sufficient to significantly reduce vaginal inflammation in a mouse model of genital herpes infection. These compounds are enriched in cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) of healthy people compared with people with BV. This study identifies a family of compounds by which vaginal lactobacilli mediate host immune homeostasis and highlights a potential therapeutic avenue for vaginal inflammation.","PeriodicalId":9693,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are dietary components participating in neurotransmission and cell signaling. Pollen is a source of PUFAs for honeybees, and disruptions in dietary PUFAs reduce the cognitive performance of honeybees. We reveal that gut bacteria of honeybees contribute to fatty acid metabolism, impacting reward learning. Gut bacteria possess Δ-6 desaturases that mediate fatty acid elongation and compensate for the absence of honeybee factors required for fatty acid metabolism. Colonization with Gilliamella apicola, but not a mutant lacking the Δ-6 desaturase FADS2, increases the production of anandamide (AEA), a ligand of the endocannabinoid system, and alters learning and memory. AEA activates the Hymenoptera-specific transient receptor AmHsTRPA in astrocytes, which induces Ca2+ influx and regulates glutamate re-uptake of glial cells to enhance reward learning. These findings illuminate the roles of gut symbionts in host fatty acid metabolism and the impacts of endocannabinoid signaling on the reward system of social insects.
{"title":"Gut symbiont-derived anandamide promotes reward learning in honeybees by activating the endocannabinoid pathway","authors":"Zhaopeng Zhong, Xiaohuan Mu, Haoyu Lang, Yueyi Wang, Yanling Jiang, Yuwen Liu, Qian Zeng, Siyuan Xia, Baotong Zhang, Zilong Wang, Xiaofei Wang, Hao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are dietary components participating in neurotransmission and cell signaling. Pollen is a source of PUFAs for honeybees, and disruptions in dietary PUFAs reduce the cognitive performance of honeybees. We reveal that gut bacteria of honeybees contribute to fatty acid metabolism, impacting reward learning. Gut bacteria possess Δ-6 desaturases that mediate fatty acid elongation and compensate for the absence of honeybee factors required for fatty acid metabolism. Colonization with <em>Gilliamella apicola</em>, but not a mutant lacking the Δ-6 desaturase FADS2, increases the production of anandamide (AEA), a ligand of the endocannabinoid system, and alters learning and memory. AEA activates the Hymenoptera-specific transient receptor AmHsTRPA in astrocytes, which induces Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx and regulates glutamate re-uptake of glial cells to enhance reward learning. These findings illuminate the roles of gut symbionts in host fatty acid metabolism and the impacts of endocannabinoid signaling on the reward system of social insects.","PeriodicalId":9693,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.10.003
Ishani Wickramage, Jeffrey VanWye, Klaas Max, John H. Lockhart, Ismet Hortu, Ezinne F. Mong, John Canfield, Hiran M. Lamabadu Warnakulasuriya Patabendige, Ozlem Guzeloglu-Kayisli, Kimiko Inoue, Atsuo Ogura, Charles J. Lockwood, Kemal M. Akat, Thomas Tuschl, Umit A. Kayisli, Hana Totary-Jain
(Cell Host & Microbe 31, 1185–1199.e1–e10; July 12, 2023)
(Cell Host & Microbe 31, 1185-1199.e1-e10; July 12, 2023）。
{"title":"SINE RNA of the imprinted miRNA clusters mediates constitutive type III interferon expression and antiviral protection in hemochorial placentas","authors":"Ishani Wickramage, Jeffrey VanWye, Klaas Max, John H. Lockhart, Ismet Hortu, Ezinne F. Mong, John Canfield, Hiran M. Lamabadu Warnakulasuriya Patabendige, Ozlem Guzeloglu-Kayisli, Kimiko Inoue, Atsuo Ogura, Charles J. Lockwood, Kemal M. Akat, Thomas Tuschl, Umit A. Kayisli, Hana Totary-Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"(Cell Host & Microbe <em>31</em>, 1185–1199.e1–e10; July 12, 2023)","PeriodicalId":9693,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.009
Jing Qian, Emily N. Yeo, Matthew R. Olm
Environmental exposures substantially influence the infant gut microbiome. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Thänert et al.1 characterize how medical interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) shape gut microbiome dynamics in the first months of life by analyzing over 2,500 fecal samples with metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.
{"title":"Hospitalization throws the preterm gut microbiome off-key","authors":"Jing Qian, Emily N. Yeo, Matthew R. Olm","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental exposures substantially influence the infant gut microbiome. In this issue of <em>Cell Host & Microbe</em>, Thänert et al.<span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span> characterize how medical interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) shape gut microbiome dynamics in the first months of life by analyzing over 2,500 fecal samples with metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.","PeriodicalId":9693,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.003
Sridhar Mani
A recent Nature paper1 reveals that gut microbes metabolize N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) into the bladder carcinogen N-n-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)-nitrosamine (BCPN) in the intestines, establishing a direct link between gut microbial activity and the development of bladder cancer.
{"title":"Gut microbiome and bladder cancer: A new link through nitrosamine metabolism","authors":"Sridhar Mani","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"A recent <em>Nature</em> paper<span><span><sup>1</sup></span></span> reveals that gut microbes metabolize N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) into the bladder carcinogen N-<em>n</em>-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)-nitrosamine (BCPN) in the intestines, establishing a direct link between gut microbial activity and the development of bladder cancer.","PeriodicalId":9693,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.002
George D. Moschonas, Louis Delhaye, Robin Cooreman, Franziska Hüsers, Anayat Bhat, Zoe Stylianidou, Elien De Bousser, Laure De Pryck, Hanna Grzesik, Delphine De Sutter, Eef Parthoens, Anne-Sophie De Smet, Aleksandra Maciejczuk, Saskia Lippens, Nico Callewaert, Linos Vandekerckhove, Zeger Debyser, Beate Sodeik, Sven Eyckerman, Xavier Saelens
Human myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2) can restrict HIV-1 and herpesviruses at a post-entry step through a process requiring an interaction between MX2 and the viral capsids. The involvement of other host cell factors, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we mapped the proximity interactome of MX2, revealing strong enrichment of phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-rich proteins related to the nuclear pore complex as well as proteins that are part of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules. MX2 interacted with these proteins to form multiprotein cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates that were essential for its anti-HIV-1 and anti-herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) activity. MX2 condensate formation required the disordered N-terminal region and MX2 dimerization. Incoming HIV-1 and HSV-1 capsids associated with MX2 at these dynamic cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates, preventing nuclear entry of their viral genomes. Thus, MX2 forms cytoplasmic condensates that likely act as nuclear pore decoys, trapping capsids and inducing premature viral genome release to interfere with nuclear targeting of HIV-1 and HSV-1.
{"title":"MX2 forms nucleoporin-comprising cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates that lure viral capsids","authors":"George D. Moschonas, Louis Delhaye, Robin Cooreman, Franziska Hüsers, Anayat Bhat, Zoe Stylianidou, Elien De Bousser, Laure De Pryck, Hanna Grzesik, Delphine De Sutter, Eef Parthoens, Anne-Sophie De Smet, Aleksandra Maciejczuk, Saskia Lippens, Nico Callewaert, Linos Vandekerckhove, Zeger Debyser, Beate Sodeik, Sven Eyckerman, Xavier Saelens","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"Human myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2) can restrict HIV-1 and herpesviruses at a post-entry step through a process requiring an interaction between MX2 and the viral capsids. The involvement of other host cell factors, however, remains poorly understood. Here, we mapped the proximity interactome of MX2, revealing strong enrichment of phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-rich proteins related to the nuclear pore complex as well as proteins that are part of cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granules. MX2 interacted with these proteins to form multiprotein cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates that were essential for its anti-HIV-1 and anti-herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) activity. MX2 condensate formation required the disordered N-terminal region and MX2 dimerization. Incoming HIV-1 and HSV-1 capsids associated with MX2 at these dynamic cytoplasmic biomolecular condensates, preventing nuclear entry of their viral genomes. Thus, MX2 forms cytoplasmic condensates that likely act as nuclear pore decoys, trapping capsids and inducing premature viral genome release to interfere with nuclear targeting of HIV-1 and HSV-1.","PeriodicalId":9693,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.08.019
Yan Wang, Yule Liu
Vertical transmission of plant viruses through seeds has been known for a century, yet the mechanism for seeds to combat viral infection remains unclear. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Liu and Ding demonstrate the genetic requirement of RNA silencing (RNAi) pathway for plants to suppress seed transmission.
{"title":"RNAi, a sword of plant seeds to combat viral infections","authors":"Yan Wang, Yule Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2024.08.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"Vertical transmission of plant viruses through seeds has been known for a century, yet the mechanism for seeds to combat viral infection remains unclear. In this issue of <em>Cell Host & Microbe</em>, Liu and Ding demonstrate the genetic requirement of RNA silencing (RNAi) pathway for plants to suppress seed transmission.","PeriodicalId":9693,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.006
Kyle D. Gibbs, Michele LeRoux
Anti-phage defenses must rapidly sense and respond to diverse viruses. A recent pair of papers in Nature reveal via structural and functional assays how the PARIS defense system, a recently discovered toxin-antitoxin system, senses phage-associated molecular patterns (PhAMPs), thereby activating an endonuclease toxin that cleaves tRNA to block phage replication.
抗噬菌体防御系统必须迅速感知并应对各种病毒。最近发表在《自然》（Nature）上的两篇论文通过结构和功能测试揭示了 PARIS 防御系统（一种最近发现的毒素-抗毒素系统）如何感知噬菌体相关分子模式（PhAMPs），从而激活内切酶毒素，裂解 tRNA 以阻止噬菌体复制。
{"title":"Bacteria renew an OLD protein to cleave host tRNAs and block phage translation","authors":"Kyle D. Gibbs, Michele LeRoux","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"Anti-phage defenses must rapidly sense and respond to diverse viruses. A recent pair of papers in <em>Nature</em> reveal via structural and functional assays how the PARIS defense system, a recently discovered toxin-antitoxin system, senses phage-associated molecular patterns (PhAMPs), thereby activating an endonuclease toxin that cleaves tRNA to block phage replication.","PeriodicalId":9693,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.001
Junfeng Zhou, Wei Wei
Recent findings suggest that HIV-1 capsids mimic nuclear transport receptors to engage FG-nucleoporins for entry into host nuclei. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Moschonas et al. report that MX2 forms cytoplasmic condensates comprising FG-nucleoporins resembling nuclear pore complexes to capture viral capsids and hinder their nuclear transport.
{"title":"Mimicry games: NPC-like MX2 condensates trap viruses","authors":"Junfeng Zhou, Wei Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"Recent findings suggest that HIV-1 capsids mimic nuclear transport receptors to engage FG-nucleoporins for entry into host nuclei. In this issue of <em>Cell Host & Microbe</em>, Moschonas et al. report that MX2 forms cytoplasmic condensates comprising FG-nucleoporins resembling nuclear pore complexes to capture viral capsids and hinder their nuclear transport.","PeriodicalId":9693,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":"226 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.005
Sebastian Weis, Irah L. King, Wolfgang Vivas
Paneth cells located within intestinal crypts support epithelial stem cells and immunity through growth factors and antimicrobial peptides. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wallaeys et al. report that TNF sensing by Paneth cells disrupts the unfolded protein response and decreases antimicrobial peptides, causing bacterial translocation and sepsis.
{"title":"To sense or not to sense, Paneth cell regulation of mucosal immunity","authors":"Sebastian Weis, Irah L. King, Wolfgang Vivas","doi":"10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"Paneth cells located within intestinal crypts support epithelial stem cells and immunity through growth factors and antimicrobial peptides. In this issue of <em>Cell Host & Microbe</em>, Wallaeys et al. report that TNF sensing by Paneth cells disrupts the unfolded protein response and decreases antimicrobial peptides, causing bacterial translocation and sepsis.","PeriodicalId":9693,"journal":{"name":"Cell host & microbe","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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