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The central role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and management of type 2 diabetes 肠道微生物群在 2 型糖尿病的病理生理学和治疗中的核心作用
IF 30.3 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.017

The inhabitants of our intestines, collectively called the gut microbiome, comprise fungi, viruses, and bacterial strains. These microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of dietary compounds and the regulation of our adaptive and innate immune systems. Less known is the reciprocal interaction between the gut microbiota and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as their role in modifying therapies to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. In this review, we aim to discuss the existing literature on gut microbial strains and their diet-derived metabolites involved in T2DM. We also explore the potential diagnostics and therapeutic avenues the gut microbiota presents for targeted T2DM management. Personalized treatment plans, driven by diet and medication based on the patient’s microbiome and clinical markers, could optimize therapy.

我们肠道中的居民统称为肠道微生物群,由真菌、病毒和细菌菌株组成。这些微生物参与膳食化合物的发酵,并调节我们的适应性和先天性免疫系统。人们对肠道微生物群与 2 型糖尿病(T2DM)之间的相互影响以及它们在改变疗法以降低相关发病率和死亡率方面的作用知之甚少。在这篇综述中,我们旨在讨论与 T2DM 有关的肠道微生物菌株及其饮食衍生代谢物的现有文献。我们还探讨了肠道微生物群为有针对性地治疗 T2DM 提供的潜在诊断和治疗途径。根据患者的微生物群和临床指标,通过饮食和药物治疗,可以优化个性化治疗方案。
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引用次数: 0
Commensal microbe regulation of skin cells in disease 疾病中皮肤细胞的共生微生物调控
IF 30.3 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.020

Human skin is the host to various commensal microbes that constitute a substantial microbial community. The reciprocal communication between these microbial inhabitants and host cells upholds both the morphological and functional attributes of the skin layers, contributing indispensably to microenvironmental and tissue homeostasis. Thus, disruption of the skin barrier or imbalances in the microbial communities can exert profound effects on the behavior of host cells. This influence, mediated by the microbes themselves or their metabolites, manifests in diverse outcomes. In this review, we examine existing knowledge to provide insight into the nuanced behavior exhibited by the microbiota on skin cells in health and disease states. These interactions provide insight into potential cellular targets for future microbiota-based therapies to prevent and treat skin disease.

人体皮肤是各种共生微生物的宿主,它们构成了一个庞大的微生物群落。这些微生物居民和宿主细胞之间的相互交流维持着皮肤层的形态和功能属性,对微环境和组织的平衡做出了不可或缺的贡献。因此,皮肤屏障的破坏或微生物群落的失衡会对宿主细胞的行为产生深远影响。这种影响由微生物本身或其代谢产物介导,表现为多种结果。在这篇综述中,我们研究了现有的知识,以深入了解微生物群在健康和疾病状态下对皮肤细胞表现出的微妙行为。这些相互作用为未来基于微生物群的疗法预防和治疗皮肤病提供了潜在的细胞靶点。
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引用次数: 0
AI in microbiome research: Where have we been, where are we going? 微生物组研究中的人工智能:我们去了哪里?
IF 30.3 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.021

Artificial intelligence (AI), a subdiscipline of computer science that develops machines or software that mimic characteristically human cognitive functions, is currently undergoing a revolution. In this commentary article, I will give my perspective on the evolution of the field and my thoughts on how AI may impact microbiome research in the next decade.

人工智能(AI)是计算机科学的一个分支学科,它开发的机器或软件可以模仿人类认知功能的特征。在这篇评论文章中,我将谈谈我对这一领域发展的看法,以及我对人工智能在未来十年可能如何影响微生物组研究的想法。
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引用次数: 0
Fishing for obesity-related gut microbiome enterotype 寻找与肥胖有关的肠道微生物群肠型
IF 30.3 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.002

Despite debate, the concept of enterotype-like clusters remains valuable for exploring the human gut microbiome and associated environmental factors. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wu et al. robustly identified an obesity-related enterotype-like cluster, Megamonas, and demonstrated its clinical relevance through cohort studies, mice, and cell experiments.

尽管存在争论,但肠型类群的概念对于探索人类肠道微生物组和相关环境因素仍然很有价值。在本期的《细胞宿主与amp; 微生物》(Cell Host & Microbe)杂志上,Wu 等人通过队列研究、小鼠和细胞实验,有力地鉴定了一个与肥胖相关的肠型类群--Megamonas,并证明了它的临床相关性。
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引用次数: 0
Intestinal gases as a non-invasive measurement of microbial fermentation and host health 肠道气体作为微生物发酵和宿主健康的无创测量方法
IF 30.3 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.004

Microbial fermentation and associated products provide insights into the gut microbiota-host relationship. Here, we propose using improved technologies that allow non-invasive, real-time measurements of intestinal gases as a metric for microbial fermentation. This approach has the potential to provide a basis for personalized interventions that improve host metabolic health.

微生物发酵及相关产物有助于深入了解肠道微生物与宿主的关系。在此,我们建议使用改进的技术,对肠道气体进行无创、实时测量,作为微生物发酵的指标。这种方法有可能为改善宿主代谢健康的个性化干预提供基础。
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引用次数: 0
Microbiome modification for personalized treatment of dysbiotic diseases 改变微生物组,个性化治疗菌群失调疾病
IF 30.3 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.023

Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) for inflammatory diseases or refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is less effective than for preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. This commentary outlines strategies to use biomarkers of successful FMT to guide newer approaches to restore microbial homeostasis in individuals with dysbiosis-mediated inflammation.

粪便微生物移植(FMT)治疗炎症性疾病或难治性免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的效果不如预防艰难梭菌感染复发的效果好。这篇评论概述了如何利用成功进行粪便微生物移植的生物标志物来指导更新的方法,以恢复菌群失调介导的炎症患者的微生物平衡。
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引用次数: 0
Fighting the invisible foe in cancer therapy 对抗癌症治疗中的隐形敌人
IF 30.3 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.016
In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Huang et al. determine that an oncogenic bacterium contributes to colorectal cancer progression and resistance t…
在本期《细胞宿主与微生物》(Cell Host & Microbe)杂志上,Huang 等人确定一种致癌细菌有助于结直肠癌的进展和抗药性。
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引用次数: 0
Alleviating protein-condensation-associated damage at the endoplasmic reticulum enhances plant disease tolerance 减轻内质网蛋白质缩聚相关损伤可提高植物的抗病能力
IF 30.3 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.013

Disease tolerance is an essential defense strategy against pathogens, alleviating tissue damage regardless of pathogen multiplication. However, its genetic and molecular basis remains largely unknown. Here, we discovered that protein condensation at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regulates disease tolerance in Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae. During infection, Hematopoietic protein-1 (HEM1) and Bax-inhibitor 1 (BI-1) coalesce into ER-associated condensates facilitated by their phase-separation behaviors. While BI-1 aids in clearing these condensates via autophagy, it also sequesters lipid-metabolic enzymes within condensates, likely disturbing lipid homeostasis. Consequently, mutations in hem1, which hinder condensate formation, or in bi-1, which prevent enzyme entrapment, enhance tissue-damage resilience, and preserve overall plant health during infection. These findings suggest that the ER is a crucial hub for maintaining cellular homeostasis and establishing disease tolerance. They also highlight the potential of engineering disease tolerance as a defense strategy to complement established resistance mechanisms in combating plant diseases.

耐病性是一种对抗病原体的基本防御策略,无论病原体如何繁殖,都能减轻组织损伤。然而,其遗传和分子基础在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里,我们发现内质网(ER)上的蛋白质凝结调节拟南芥对丁香假单胞菌的抗病性。在感染过程中,造血蛋白-1(HEM1)和 Bax 抑制剂 1(BI-1)通过相分离行为凝聚成与 ER 相关的凝聚体。虽然 BI-1 有助于通过自噬清除这些凝集物,但它也会将脂质代谢酶封存在凝集物中,从而可能扰乱脂质平衡。因此,阻碍凝集物形成的 hem1 或防止酶被螯合的 bi-1 基因突变能增强组织损伤的恢复能力,并在感染期间保持植物的整体健康。这些发现表明,ER 是维持细胞平衡和建立抗病能力的关键枢纽。这些发现还凸显了将工程抗病性作为一种防御策略的潜力,以补充现有的抗病机制,对抗植物病害。
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引用次数: 0
BCAA-producing Clostridium symbiosum promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through the modulation of host cholesterol metabolism 产生 BCAA 的共生梭菌通过调节宿主胆固醇代谢促进结直肠肿瘤发生
IF 30.3 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.012

Identification of potential bacterial players in colorectal tumorigenesis has been a focus of intense research. Herein, we find that Clostridium symbiosum (C. symbiosum) is selectively enriched in tumor tissues of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and associated with higher colorectal adenoma recurrence after endoscopic polypectomy. The tumorigenic effect of C. symbiosum is observed in multiple murine models. Single-cell transcriptome profiling along with functional assays demonstrates that C. symbiosum promotes the proliferation of colonic stem cells and enhances cancer stemness. Mechanistically, C. symbiosum intensifies cellular cholesterol synthesis by producing branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which sequentially activates Sonic hedgehog signaling. Low dietary BCAA intake or blockade of cholesterol synthesis by statins could partially abrogate the C. symbiosum-induced cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, we reveal C. symbiosum as a bacterial driver of colorectal tumorigenesis, thus identifying a potential target in CRC prediction, prevention, and treatment.

识别结直肠肿瘤发生过程中的潜在细菌一直是研究的重点。在本文中,我们发现共生梭菌(C. symbiosum)选择性地富集于结直肠癌(CRC)患者的肿瘤组织中,并与内镜息肉切除术后结直肠腺瘤复发率较高有关。在多种小鼠模型中都观察到了共生菌的致瘤效应。单细胞转录组分析和功能测试表明,共生草能促进结肠干细胞增殖并增强癌症干性。从机理上讲,共生草通过产生支链氨基酸(BCAAs)来加强细胞胆固醇合成,进而激活音速刺猬信号。低BCAA膳食摄入量或他汀类药物阻断胆固醇合成可部分缓解共生菌诱导的体内和体外细胞增殖。总之,我们揭示了共生菌是结直肠肿瘤发生的细菌驱动因素,从而确定了预测、预防和治疗结直肠肿瘤的潜在靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 mediates antiviral immunity in plants 精氨酸甲基转移酶 6 在植物抗病毒免疫中起介导作用
IF 30.3 1区 医学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.014

Viral suppressor RNA silencing (VSR) is essential for successful infection. Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-based and autophagy-mediated immune responses have been reported to target VSR as counter-defense strategies. Here, we report a protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6)-mediated defense mechanism targeting VSR. The knockout and overexpression of PRMT6 in tomato plants lead to enhanced and reduced disease symptoms, respectively, during tomato bush stunt virus (TBSV) infection. PRMT6 interacts with and inhibits the VSR function of TBSV P19 by methylating its key arginine residues R43 and R115, thereby reducing its dimerization and small RNA-binding activities. Analysis of the natural tomato population reveals that two major alleles associated with high and low levels of PRMT6 expression are significantly associated with high and low levels of viral resistance, respectively. Our study establishes PRMT6-mediated arginine methylation of VSR as a mechanism of plant immunity against viruses.

病毒抑制RNA沉默(VSR)对成功感染至关重要。据报道,基于核苷酸结合和富亮氨酸重复序列(NLR)以及自噬介导的免疫反应可将 VSR 作为反防御策略的目标。在这里,我们报告了一种由精氨酸甲基转移酶6(PRMT6)介导的针对VSR的防御机制。在番茄灌木枯萎病病毒(TBSV)感染过程中,PRMT6 在番茄植株中的敲除和过表达分别导致病害症状的增强和减轻。PRMT6 通过甲基化 TBSV P19 的关键精氨酸残基 R43 和 R115,与 TBSV P19 相互作用并抑制其 VSR 功能,从而降低其二聚化和小 RNA 结合活性。对天然番茄种群的分析表明,与 PRMT6 高水平和低水平表达相关的两个主要等位基因分别与高水平和低水平的病毒抗性显著相关。我们的研究确定了 PRMT6 介导的 VSR 精氨酸甲基化是植物抗病毒免疫的一种机制。
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Cell host & microbe
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