Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V20I1.36925
A. Jarullah
Due to the environmental legislations related to the nitrates and their emissions, thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in a fluidized reactor (FR) is regarded one of the most reasonable chemical-free disposal process for an aqueous waste nitrate stream. Therefore, the present study is aimed to improve a mathematical model based on experiments (from the literature) for enhancing the design of such reactor in an environmentally friendly manner. Where, the optimal kinetic parameters of the relevant reactions are firstly obtained employing the optimization technique keeping in mind the goal to construct the model with high exactness. Such design factors are then utilized for the purpose of getting the optimal operating conditions of fluidized bed reactor (FBR) achieving the main target of this process with ammonium nitrate-free content (Nil) at the end of the reactor in addition to reducing the NOx emissions. The model is based on the two-phase theory of a FBR with predicting the concentration behavior along the reaction zone length for all components in the emulsion and bubble phases in addition to the temperature profile of the gas phase. New results related to output conversion of ammonium nitrate as well as NO content at the optimal operating conditions has been obtained in comparison with those reported in the literature.Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 20(2018) 8-18
{"title":"Modelling and Simulation of a Fluidized Bed Reactor for Minimum Ammonium Nitrate and Reduction of NOx Emissions","authors":"A. Jarullah","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V20I1.36925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V20I1.36925","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the environmental legislations related to the nitrates and their emissions, thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in a fluidized reactor (FR) is regarded one of the most reasonable chemical-free disposal process for an aqueous waste nitrate stream. Therefore, the present study is aimed to improve a mathematical model based on experiments (from the literature) for enhancing the design of such reactor in an environmentally friendly manner. Where, the optimal kinetic parameters of the relevant reactions are firstly obtained employing the optimization technique keeping in mind the goal to construct the model with high exactness. Such design factors are then utilized for the purpose of getting the optimal operating conditions of fluidized bed reactor (FBR) achieving the main target of this process with ammonium nitrate-free content (Nil) at the end of the reactor in addition to reducing the NOx emissions. The model is based on the two-phase theory of a FBR with predicting the concentration behavior along the reaction zone length for all components in the emulsion and bubble phases in addition to the temperature profile of the gas phase. New results related to output conversion of ammonium nitrate as well as NO content at the optimal operating conditions has been obtained in comparison with those reported in the literature.Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 20(2018) 8-18","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"50 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89088325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V20I1.36927
M. F. Othman, N. Anuar, N. F. A. Bakar, N. A. Rahman
The solubility experiment of L-alanine solution was performed in a 250ml jacketed glass crystallizer without and with amino acid additives at temperature from 15oC to 75oC by means of gravimetric method. On the whole, L-leucine additive significantly altered the solubility of L-alanine and Glycine additive caused an erratic pattern on the solubility data of L-alanine. The hydrophobic methyl side chain of L-leucine additives is believed to contribute to the formation of water clathrate in the solution which affected the interaction of L-alanine molecules in water solvent and thus modified the solubility of L-alanine. Finally, thermodynamic data analysis of L-alanine solution was extensively assessed. The negative deviation of L-alanine from the ideal solution is as a result of high solute-solvent interaction, which is due to the hydrophobicity and clathrate phenomenon of the water molecules in the solution.Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 20(2018) 23-29
{"title":"Influence of amino acid additives on solution behaviour of L-alanine","authors":"M. F. Othman, N. Anuar, N. F. A. Bakar, N. A. Rahman","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V20I1.36927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V20I1.36927","url":null,"abstract":"The solubility experiment of L-alanine solution was performed in a 250ml jacketed glass crystallizer without and with amino acid additives at temperature from 15oC to 75oC by means of gravimetric method. On the whole, L-leucine additive significantly altered the solubility of L-alanine and Glycine additive caused an erratic pattern on the solubility data of L-alanine. The hydrophobic methyl side chain of L-leucine additives is believed to contribute to the formation of water clathrate in the solution which affected the interaction of L-alanine molecules in water solvent and thus modified the solubility of L-alanine. Finally, thermodynamic data analysis of L-alanine solution was extensively assessed. The negative deviation of L-alanine from the ideal solution is as a result of high solute-solvent interaction, which is due to the hydrophobicity and clathrate phenomenon of the water molecules in the solution.Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 20(2018) 23-29","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73251755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V20I1.36926
I. Hossain, Humayra Zaman, Taslima Rahman
Nanocellulose has been in numerous applications and can be obtained from bioresources. This work demonstrates the derivation of nanocellulose from an alternative option i.e. rice husk. The processed rice husk was refined by chemical and mechanical treatments. Nanocellulose was subsequently derived from the refined rice husk through acid hydrolysis followed by centrifugation, dialysis and ultrasonic treatment. Scanning Electron Microscopy ensured the nanoscale diameter while Fourier Transformed InfraRed Spectroscopy confirmed the removal of noncellulosic materials. It is therefore proposed that the native rice husk can also be utilized for manufacturing nanocellulose reducing its adverse environmental impacts.Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 20(2018) 19-22
{"title":"Derivation of Nanocellulose from Native Rice Husk","authors":"I. Hossain, Humayra Zaman, Taslima Rahman","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V20I1.36926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V20I1.36926","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocellulose has been in numerous applications and can be obtained from bioresources. This work demonstrates the derivation of nanocellulose from an alternative option i.e. rice husk. The processed rice husk was refined by chemical and mechanical treatments. Nanocellulose was subsequently derived from the refined rice husk through acid hydrolysis followed by centrifugation, dialysis and ultrasonic treatment. Scanning Electron Microscopy ensured the nanoscale diameter while Fourier Transformed InfraRed Spectroscopy confirmed the removal of noncellulosic materials. It is therefore proposed that the native rice husk can also be utilized for manufacturing nanocellulose reducing its adverse environmental impacts.Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 20(2018) 19-22","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81773635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-10DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33809
Z. Sharif, F. Mustapha, J. Jai, N. M. Yusof, N. Zaki
Chemical, enzymatic or microbial activities from the surrounding environment and the food itself can cause spoilage to food products. In the meantime, the recent surge in world population, calls forfood products to be stored and delivered from one place to another place. During delivery, food products will start to deteriorate, losetheir appearance and decrease in nutritional values. Thus, the presence of food preservation methods such as heating, pickling, edible coating, drying, freezing and high-pressure processing can solve this problem by extending the food products? shelf life, stabilize their quality, maintaining their appearance and their taste. There are two categories of food preservations, the modern technology preservation method and the conventional preservation method. In the meantime, conventional food preservations usually use natural food preservatives. Meanwhile, the use of the synthetic preservative such as sulphites, benzoates, sorbates etc. for food preservation can cause certain health problems. In this light, replacing these synthetic preservatives with natural preservatives such as salt, vinegar, honey, etc. are much safer for human and environment. Furthermore, natural preservatives are easy to obtain since the sources are from plant, animal and microbes origin. This review paper focuses on preservation methodsand the natural preservatives that are suitable to be used for food preservation. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 145-153
{"title":"Review on methods for preservation and natural preservatives for extending the food longevity","authors":"Z. Sharif, F. Mustapha, J. Jai, N. M. Yusof, N. Zaki","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33809","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical, enzymatic or microbial activities from the surrounding environment and the food itself can cause spoilage to food products. In the meantime, the recent surge in world population, calls forfood products to be stored and delivered from one place to another place. During delivery, food products will start to deteriorate, losetheir appearance and decrease in nutritional values. Thus, the presence of food preservation methods such as heating, pickling, edible coating, drying, freezing and high-pressure processing can solve this problem by extending the food products? shelf life, stabilize their quality, maintaining their appearance and their taste. There are two categories of food preservations, the modern technology preservation method and the conventional preservation method. In the meantime, conventional food preservations usually use natural food preservatives. Meanwhile, the use of the synthetic preservative such as sulphites, benzoates, sorbates etc. for food preservation can cause certain health problems. In this light, replacing these synthetic preservatives with natural preservatives such as salt, vinegar, honey, etc. are much safer for human and environment. Furthermore, natural preservatives are easy to obtain since the sources are from plant, animal and microbes origin. This review paper focuses on preservation methodsand the natural preservatives that are suitable to be used for food preservation. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 145-153","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"17 1","pages":"145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87997550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-10DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33799
S. Husaini, M. H. A. Seman
Recent study claimed that forward osmosis (FO) process could handle the fouling problem due it driven force based on natural osmotic pressure. However, researchers observed that FO membrane had problem with reverse solute diffusion (RSD) of draw solution. Therefore, FO membrane properties must be improved either physically or chemically in order to overcome this problem. Among all, surface modification approach has been acknowledged as a best technique to alter the membrane properties without significantly change the bulk membrane properties. In this study, polyelectrolyte FO membrane has been produced through Layer by Layer (LbL) deposition method by using Poly (diallyl-dimethylammoniumchloride), PDADMAC and Poly (sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate), PSS as an active monomers. Humic acid (HA) as part of Natural Organic Matter constituents was used as the feed solution and NaCl as a draw solution. The chemical structure and morphology of the FO membrane were characterized by FTIR and FESEM, respectively. From this study, the highest water flux and humic acid rejection were achieved at 2.5M of draw solution with value of 2.56 L/m ² .h and 99%, respectively. In general, the water flux increases as the concentration of draw solutions were increased. However, it was observed that reverse salt diffusion (RSD) become worse at higher concentration of draw solution. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 75-79
{"title":"Performance of Layer-By-Layer (LbL) Polyelectrolyte Forward Osmosis Membrane for Humic Acid Removal and Reverse Solute Diffusion","authors":"S. Husaini, M. H. A. Seman","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33799","url":null,"abstract":"Recent study claimed that forward osmosis (FO) process could handle the fouling problem due it driven force based on natural osmotic pressure. However, researchers observed that FO membrane had problem with reverse solute diffusion (RSD) of draw solution. Therefore, FO membrane properties must be improved either physically or chemically in order to overcome this problem. Among all, surface modification approach has been acknowledged as a best technique to alter the membrane properties without significantly change the bulk membrane properties. In this study, polyelectrolyte FO membrane has been produced through Layer by Layer (LbL) deposition method by using Poly (diallyl-dimethylammoniumchloride), PDADMAC and Poly (sodium 4-styrene-sulfonate), PSS as an active monomers. Humic acid (HA) as part of Natural Organic Matter constituents was used as the feed solution and NaCl as a draw solution. The chemical structure and morphology of the FO membrane were characterized by FTIR and FESEM, respectively. From this study, the highest water flux and humic acid rejection were achieved at 2.5M of draw solution with value of 2.56 L/m ² .h and 99%, respectively. In general, the water flux increases as the concentration of draw solutions were increased. However, it was observed that reverse salt diffusion (RSD) become worse at higher concentration of draw solution. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 75-79","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"80 1","pages":"75-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89057707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-10DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33807
N. Abdullah, M. A. Razali, Mohammed H. Othman Ahmed, M. Nuawi, M. Mustafa, Z. Nopiah, A. Mohamed, A. Mohamad
Real-time optimization (RTO) has attracted considerable interest among researchers and industries for being able to optimise the plant economics such as product efficiency, product quality and process safety in the wake of increasing global competitions. The success of RTO depends much on the quality of model being used in the optimisation. The present study was carried out to explore the use of artificial neural network (ANN) to improve the quality of the model being used in the modified two step (MTS) technique. The MTS is a real-time optimising control algorithm of the modifier adaptation scheme which is used to determine the optimum steady-state control set-points. The proposed new version of MTS technique will be using process model based on ANN. A laboratory scale process of a two continuous stirred tank heat exchanger in series (2CSTHEs) is used as a case study. The multilayer feed forward ANN architecture 4-10-6 with linear function was used to model the 2CSTHEs and then integrates into the MTS technique, the resulted algorithm will be known as Iterative Neural Network Modified Two Step (INNMTS) technique. Simulation studies were conducted to test the performance of the INNMTS technique on the 2CSTHEs process. The results show that the overall value for the coefficient of determination(R 2 )is equal to one, which indicates adequacy of the model proposed for the prediction of the behavior of 2CSTHEs system. When NN model of 2CSTHEs is applied to the INNMTS technique, the model-plant mismatch is greatly reduced to almost zero, which indicates by significant reduction in the number of iterations to 5which requires by INNMTS compared to 16 iterations by the MTS technique to converge to optimal real solution. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 129-138
{"title":"Neural network adaptive real-time optimizing control of industrial processes","authors":"N. Abdullah, M. A. Razali, Mohammed H. Othman Ahmed, M. Nuawi, M. Mustafa, Z. Nopiah, A. Mohamed, A. Mohamad","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33807","url":null,"abstract":"Real-time optimization (RTO) has attracted considerable interest among researchers and industries for being able to optimise the plant economics such as product efficiency, product quality and process safety in the wake of increasing global competitions. The success of RTO depends much on the quality of model being used in the optimisation. The present study was carried out to explore the use of artificial neural network (ANN) to improve the quality of the model being used in the modified two step (MTS) technique. The MTS is a real-time optimising control algorithm of the modifier adaptation scheme which is used to determine the optimum steady-state control set-points. The proposed new version of MTS technique will be using process model based on ANN. A laboratory scale process of a two continuous stirred tank heat exchanger in series (2CSTHEs) is used as a case study. The multilayer feed forward ANN architecture 4-10-6 with linear function was used to model the 2CSTHEs and then integrates into the MTS technique, the resulted algorithm will be known as Iterative Neural Network Modified Two Step (INNMTS) technique. Simulation studies were conducted to test the performance of the INNMTS technique on the 2CSTHEs process. The results show that the overall value for the coefficient of determination(R 2 )is equal to one, which indicates adequacy of the model proposed for the prediction of the behavior of 2CSTHEs system. When NN model of 2CSTHEs is applied to the INNMTS technique, the model-plant mismatch is greatly reduced to almost zero, which indicates by significant reduction in the number of iterations to 5which requires by INNMTS compared to 16 iterations by the MTS technique to converge to optimal real solution. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 129-138","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"25 1","pages":"129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88524411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-10DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33806
Sn Mohamad Aziz, A. Sakinah
A liquid anionic-zwitterionic surfactant-based aqueous two-phase extraction was developed and applied for the extraction of erythromycin. Erythromycin solubilization from aqueous to reverse micelle phase was studied. Zwitterion SB3-18 surfactant was added to ionic solution of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) to form an organic mixed micellar phase. Erythromycin was then added to the mixtures and two clear phases were formed. The parameters affecting erythromycin solubilization including AOT concentration (20.0 ? 120.0 g/L), zwitterion concentration (6.0 ? 16.0 g/L), NaCl concentration (0.0 ? 25.0 g/L) and aqueous pH (6.0 ? 9.0) were investigated via statistical software. Solubilization of erythromycin into mixed reverse micelle could be easily evaluated by the measurement of erythromycin concentration in the organic phase. The results showed that AOT and zwitterion concentration governed the erythromycin solubilization by a factor of 4.562 based on the Pareto chart.
{"title":"The Solubilization and Extraction Parameters of Erythromycin from Aqueous Phase Into Mixed AOT/SB3-18 Reverse Micelle Phase","authors":"Sn Mohamad Aziz, A. Sakinah","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33806","url":null,"abstract":"A liquid anionic-zwitterionic surfactant-based aqueous two-phase extraction was developed and applied for the extraction of erythromycin. Erythromycin solubilization from aqueous to reverse micelle phase was studied. Zwitterion SB3-18 surfactant was added to ionic solution of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) to form an organic mixed micellar phase. Erythromycin was then added to the mixtures and two clear phases were formed. The parameters affecting erythromycin solubilization including AOT concentration (20.0 ? 120.0 g/L), zwitterion concentration (6.0 ? 16.0 g/L), NaCl concentration (0.0 ? 25.0 g/L) and aqueous pH (6.0 ? 9.0) were investigated via statistical software. Solubilization of erythromycin into mixed reverse micelle could be easily evaluated by the measurement of erythromycin concentration in the organic phase. The results showed that AOT and zwitterion concentration governed the erythromycin solubilization by a factor of 4.562 based on the Pareto chart.","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"123-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91535544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-10DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33801
H. A. Aziz, M. Othman, A. Shariff, L. Tan
Injuries, accidents or even fatalities while working in pilot plant are reported worldwide. The implementation of process hazards analysis (PHA) in pilot plant is expected to further reduce the risks of accidents. Hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is one of the most widely used methods for PHA. Generally, the outcome of HAZOP analysis could results in identifying large number of hazards thus poses a challenge for assessors to take actions in dealing with all the hazards. The common practice in prioritizing the critical hazards is based on assessors’ experience through deductive judgment using rating scale, taking into consideration safety and the associated costs. However the novel operations and process used, unproven or changing technology, and lack of safety information due to developmental stages have led to poor hazards prioritization and difficulty in selecting actions. This paper presents an application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in prioritizing HAZOP analysis for pilot plant. Through this approach, the significant hazards identified using HAZOP will be quantitatively weighted and ranked based on their priority along with the appropriate counter measures to be taken. Application of this approach at the high pressure CO2-hydrocarbon absorption system pilot plants as case study showed that the proposed methodology is capable of identifying and ranking the significant hazards in the process following HAZOP analysis. This is particularly useful as a leading indicator to process designers/engineers/researcher in prioritizing their efforts and resources on more significant hazards, hence prevent accidents of the pilot plant.
{"title":"Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Prioritizing HAZOP Analysis for Pilot Plant","authors":"H. A. Aziz, M. Othman, A. Shariff, L. Tan","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33801","url":null,"abstract":"Injuries, accidents or even fatalities while working in pilot plant are reported worldwide. The implementation of process hazards analysis (PHA) in pilot plant is expected to further reduce the risks of accidents. Hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis is one of the most widely used methods for PHA. Generally, the outcome of HAZOP analysis could results in identifying large number of hazards thus poses a challenge for assessors to take actions in dealing with all the hazards. The common practice in prioritizing the critical hazards is based on assessors’ experience through deductive judgment using rating scale, taking into consideration safety and the associated costs. However the novel operations and process used, unproven or changing technology, and lack of safety information due to developmental stages have led to poor hazards prioritization and difficulty in selecting actions. This paper presents an application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in prioritizing HAZOP analysis for pilot plant. Through this approach, the significant hazards identified using HAZOP will be quantitatively weighted and ranked based on their priority along with the appropriate counter measures to be taken. Application of this approach at the high pressure CO2-hydrocarbon absorption system pilot plants as case study showed that the proposed methodology is capable of identifying and ranking the significant hazards in the process following HAZOP analysis. This is particularly useful as a leading indicator to process designers/engineers/researcher in prioritizing their efforts and resources on more significant hazards, hence prevent accidents of the pilot plant.","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"87-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87308979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-10DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33808
Olalere Olusegun Abayomi, A. Nour, Alara Oluwaseun Ruth, O. Habeeb
In this study, the microwave reflux technique was employed to extract piperine from black and white pepper. This is due to its ability to combine the microwave and the conventional solvent extraction together with a high degree of selectivity and quality extract. The extraction process was optimized using theL 9 -Taguchi experimental design. This investigated the effects of four independent factors (irradiation time (x 1 ), microwave power level (x 2 ), feed particle size (x 3 ) and molar ratio (x 4 )) on piperine yield. Antioxidant activity of the oleoresin extracts were later evaluated using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The optimum extraction condition in black pepper refluxation was attained at 90 min irradiation time (x 1 ), 350 W power level (x 2 ), 0.105 mm feed particle size (x 3 ) and 10 mL/g molar ratio (x 4 ) with an extremum ranking in decreasing order of x3> x 4 > x 2 > x 1 .However,from the white pepper refluxation an optimum condition was achieved at 120 min irradiation time (x 1 ), 350 W power level (x 2 ), 0.300 mm feed particle size (x 3 ) and 6 mL/g molar ratio (x 4 ) with a corresponding decreasing extremum order of x 1 > x 4 > x 2 > x 3 .From the results obtained from concentration-dependent radicals scavenging activity it was concluded that white oleoresins extract were much higher in inhibitory activity than that of black oleoresin extract. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 139-144
{"title":"Optimized Microwave Reflux Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Piperine from Black and White Piper Nigrum","authors":"Olalere Olusegun Abayomi, A. Nour, Alara Oluwaseun Ruth, O. Habeeb","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33808","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the microwave reflux technique was employed to extract piperine from black and white pepper. This is due to its ability to combine the microwave and the conventional solvent extraction together with a high degree of selectivity and quality extract. The extraction process was optimized using theL 9 -Taguchi experimental design. This investigated the effects of four independent factors (irradiation time (x 1 ), microwave power level (x 2 ), feed particle size (x 3 ) and molar ratio (x 4 )) on piperine yield. Antioxidant activity of the oleoresin extracts were later evaluated using DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The optimum extraction condition in black pepper refluxation was attained at 90 min irradiation time (x 1 ), 350 W power level (x 2 ), 0.105 mm feed particle size (x 3 ) and 10 mL/g molar ratio (x 4 ) with an extremum ranking in decreasing order of x3> x 4 > x 2 > x 1 .However,from the white pepper refluxation an optimum condition was achieved at 120 min irradiation time (x 1 ), 350 W power level (x 2 ), 0.300 mm feed particle size (x 3 ) and 6 mL/g molar ratio (x 4 ) with a corresponding decreasing extremum order of x 1 > x 4 > x 2 > x 3 .From the results obtained from concentration-dependent radicals scavenging activity it was concluded that white oleoresins extract were much higher in inhibitory activity than that of black oleoresin extract. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 139-144","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"47 1","pages":"139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91375559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-10DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V19I0.33796
Fatin Hafizah binti Mohd Yusop, S. Manaf, F. Hamzah
The aim of this paper is to discuss on the preservation of bioactive compound by using microencapsulation techniques. Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier between the core and wall material to prevent any chemical or physical reactions. Microencapsulation provides an important technique in various food, pharmaceutical industry and textile product because has the ability to improve shelf-life, oxidative stability, provide protection and controlled biological activity release of active agents. Microencapsulation of plant extract, essential oils, vegetable has been developed and commercialized by employing various method including freeze drying, coacervation, spray drying, in situ polymerization and melt-extrusion. The most commonly used techniques for microencapsulation of oils are by using spray drying and coacervation method. Microencapsulation methods have been developed in order to modify the efficiency based on several factors such as types of active agents, shell material used, generating particles with a variable range of sizes, shell thickness and permeability. With this work, an overview regarding efficient and applications of microencapsulation process will be presented. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 19(2017) 50-56
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