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Ultrasonic cavitation induced degradation of Congo red in aqueous solutions 超声空化诱导刚果红在水溶液中的降解
Pub Date : 2010-12-06 DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V14I2.5899
S. Meshram, D. Tayade, P. D. Ingle, P. D. Jolhe, B. Diwate, S. Biswas
Ultrasonic cavitation induced degradation of Congo red in aqueous solution was investigated for a variety of operating conditions. It is found that the degradation of Congo red in aqueous solution follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics and the degradation rate is dependent on the initial concentration of Congo red, the temperature and pH of the aqueous medium. The effects of Fe 2+ and Fenton reagent addition on the sonochemical degradation of Congo red were also investigated. The results obtained here indicate that the degradation rate of Congo red in aqueous solution was substantially accelerated by Fe 2+ , NaCl or Fenton reagent addition. Keywords: Degradation; Congo red; cavitation; sonochemistry DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5899 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 119-123
研究了不同操作条件下超声空化对刚果红的降解。研究发现,刚果红在水溶液中的降解符合准一级反应动力学,降解速率与刚果红的初始浓度、水介质的温度和pH有关。研究了fe2 +和Fenton试剂对刚果红声化学降解的影响。结果表明,Fe 2+、NaCl和Fenton试剂的加入均能显著加快刚果红在水溶液中的降解速度。关键词:退化;刚果红;空化;DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5899化学工程研究通报14 (2010)119-123
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引用次数: 23
Effect of unsaturated polyester concentration on rheological characteristics of polypropylene-unsaturated polyester reactive blend 不饱和聚酯浓度对聚丙烯-不饱和聚酯反应共混物流变特性的影响
Pub Date : 2010-11-30 DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V14I2.5955
G. M. Mamoor, M. N. Khan, Asad Ali, S. Shahid, M. Iqbal
Reactive blends of polypropylene and unsaturated polyester with different compositions were prepared by melt processing using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as initiator in a plasticoder. Rheological Characteristics of the blends were studied as a function of unsaturated polyester concentration over a range of strain rate. The possibility of forming a graft polymer increased with increasing the unsaturated polyester content. Change in viscosity behavior of the blends was a result of the competing reactions of degradation and grafting. Keywords: DCP; strain rate; degradation; grafting DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5955 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 105-108
采用熔融法制备了不同组分的聚丙烯和不饱和聚酯共混物,并以过氧化二氨基(DCP)为引发剂。在应变速率范围内,研究了共混物的流变特性与不饱和聚酯浓度的关系。随着不饱和聚酯含量的增加,形成接枝聚合物的可能性增加。共混物粘度行为的变化是降解和接枝反应相互竞争的结果。关键词:DCP;应变率;退化;DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5955化学工程研究通报14 (2010)105-108
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引用次数: 0
Recent developments in intrinsically conductive polymer coatings for corrosion protection 本征导电聚合物防腐涂料的最新进展
Pub Date : 2010-11-18 DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V14I2.5918
M. I. Khan, A. Chaudhry, S. Hashim, M. Zahoor, M. Iqbal
Intrinsically conductive polymers have achieved demanding interest in the field of corrosion control coatings owing to their conductive ability and also due to the strict environmental regulations on conventional heavy metals coatings. This multipurpose class of polymers has shown to be effective and proven themselves as a potential alternate for these hazardous heavy metal coatings in order to control the corrosion properties of metals or alloys. The basic purpose of this paper is only to highlight the past decade work relating to the efforts made on protection of metals from corrosion using conductive polymers.  The categorization of the coatings is based on the techniques used to apply them. This paper will also discuss the synthesis and prospective applications of these coatings depending on their different formation techniques. Keywords: Conductive polymers; corrosion; coatings DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5918 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 73-86
固有导电性聚合物由于其导电性和传统重金属涂料的严格环境法规,在防腐涂料领域引起了人们的极大兴趣。为了控制金属或合金的腐蚀性能,这种多用途的聚合物已被证明是有效的,并被证明是这些有害重金属涂层的潜在替代品。本文的基本目的只是强调过去十年来在使用导电聚合物保护金属免受腐蚀方面所做的努力。涂料的分类是基于用于应用它们的技术。本文还将根据不同的形成工艺,讨论这些涂层的合成及其应用前景。关键词:导电聚合物;腐蚀;DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5918化工研究通报14 (2010)73-86
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引用次数: 25
Representation of material balance for fractional crystallization of reciprocal salt pair Systems: KNO 3 production case study 互易盐对系统分馏结晶的物质平衡表征:kno3生产案例研究
Pub Date : 2010-11-18 DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V14I2.5542
S. Ghader, Vahid Shadravan, S. Mansouri, A. Farsi
In this paper, determination of material balance for reciprocal salt pair systems is considered and special case of KNO 3 production is solved. A scheme is presented for calculation of material balance which is based on the conservation of ions and water. Material balance requires equilibrium composition and phase diagram of solid-liquid equilibria that is calculated by extended UNIQUAC thermodynamic model. Keywords: Fractional crystallization; KNO 3 production; Material balance; Reciprocal Salt Pair systems DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5542 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 103-109
本文考虑了互易盐对体系物质平衡的确定,并解决了生产kno3的特殊情况。提出了一种基于离子和水守恒的物质平衡计算方案。物料平衡需要用扩展的UNIQUAC热力学模型计算出平衡组成和固液平衡相图。关键词:分级结晶;kno3生产;物料平衡;互易盐对系统DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5542化学工程研究通报14 (2010)103-109
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引用次数: 1
The influence of nickel loading on reducibility of NiO/Al 2 O 3 catalysts synthesized by sol-gel method 负载镍对溶胶-凝胶法制备NiO/ al2o3催化剂还原性的影响
Pub Date : 2010-11-11 DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V14I2.5052
Mohammad Zangouei, A. Z. Moghaddam, M. Arasteh
The sol-gel method was used to synthesize nickel-alumina catalysts with various nickel loadings. Chemical and physical properties of support and supported nickel were characterized by TGA, DTA, EDX, SEM, BET, XRD and TPR techniques. Calcination temperature (500°C) was determined by performing thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis on the samples. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) was used to determine the actual content of nickel on alumina. N 2 adsorption test revealed that the specific surface area varied between 550 and 223 m 2 /g for pure alumina and 30%Ni/Al, respectively. X-ray diffraction patterns showed no peaks due to NiO species and NiO species were well dispersed on the support by formation of NiAl 2 O 4 phase. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) indicated that the nickel species mainly presented in NiAl 2 O 4 phase and small amount of NiO. In the 20 percent nickel loading, the surface NiAl 2 O 4 phase, which is between NiO and bulk NiAl 2 O 4 phases in terms reducibility, was formed considering as a successful result. Keywords: Nickel-alumina catalysts; sol-gel method; thermogravimetric analysis; dispersion of NiO; reducibility DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5052 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 97-102
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同载镍量的镍-氧化铝催化剂。采用TGA、DTA、EDX、SEM、BET、XRD和TPR等技术表征了载体和载体镍的化学和物理性质。煅烧温度(500°C)通过对样品进行热重和差热分析确定。利用能量色散x射线(EDX)测定了氧化铝中镍的实际含量。n2吸附试验表明,纯氧化铝和30%Ni/Al的比表面积分别在550 ~ 223 m2 /g之间。x射线衍射图显示,NiO没有峰,NiO通过形成NiAl - 2o4相分散在载体上。程序升温还原(TPR)结果表明,镍主要存在于NiAl - 2o4相和少量NiO中。在含镍量为20%的情况下,表面NiAl 2o4相的可还原性介于NiO和本体NiAl 2o4相之间,被认为是成功形成的。关键词:镍-氧化铝催化剂;溶胶-凝胶法;热重分析;NiO分散;DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5052化工研究通报14 (2010)97-102
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引用次数: 78
Modeling and simulation of condensed sulfur in catalytic beds of CLAUS process: rapid estimation 克劳斯工艺催化床中凝聚硫的建模与模拟:快速估算
Pub Date : 2010-11-08 DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V14I2.5595
R. Abedini, M. K. Salooki, S. Ghasemian
The Claus process has been known and used in the industry for over 100 years. It involves thermal oxidation of hydrogen sulfide and its reaction with sulfur dioxide to form sulfur and water vapor. This process is equilibrium-limited and usually achieves efficiencies in the range of 94-97%, which have been regarded as acceptable in the past years. First bed operates at the temperature of 573 K, second and third beds operate at 523K and 473K. Outlet of each bed enters the condenser. Operating temperature of each condenser is about 413K which sulfur condenses in them. In this study catalytic bed process of sulfur recovery unit has been mathematically modeled and by MATLAB software simulated, and then output conditions of compounds has been calculated. Keywords: Sulfur recovery; Claus process; catalytic beds; modeling; simulation DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5595 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 110-114
克劳斯工艺已经在该行业中使用了100多年。它涉及硫化氢的热氧化及其与二氧化硫的反应,形成硫和水蒸气。这个过程是平衡有限的,通常在94-97%的范围内实现效率,这在过去的几年里被认为是可以接受的。第一床的工作温度为573 K,第二床和第三床的工作温度分别为523K和473K。每层的出口进入冷凝器。每个冷凝器的工作温度约为413K,硫在其中凝结。本文对硫回收装置的催化床过程进行了数学建模,并利用MATLAB软件进行了仿真,计算了化合物的输出条件。关键词:硫回收;老人的过程;催化床;建模;DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.5595化学工程研究通报14 (2010)110-114
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引用次数: 18
Effect of nitrate ion on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in simulated cooling water 硝酸根离子对模拟冷却水中低碳钢缓蚀性能的影响
Pub Date : 2010-08-28 DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V14I2.4813
S. Karim, C. M. Mustafa, M. Assaduzzaman, Mayeedul Islam
Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by sodium nitrite in simulated cooling water (SCW) containing chloride ion was investigated. Electrochemical techniques such as corrosion potential (E corr ) measurement and potentiodynamic sweep experiments were used. The experimental parameters were concentration of the inhibitor, pH of the aqueous media and soaking time. Nitrite inhibited mild steel corrosion in near neutral and alkaline (pH 6 and above) SCW and accelerated corrosion in acidic media (pH 4 and below). Inhibition activity increased with the increase of nitrite concentration up to 500 ppm, and afterwards remained more or less constant at pH 6 and above. In stagnant SCW, maximum corrosion inhibition was observed at pH 8 for all concentration of NaNO 2 . Inhibition action of NaNO 2 was found to increase with the increase of soaking time up to 24 hours, and afterwards it remained more or less constant at all nitrite concentrations at and above pH 6. Based on the experimental results, mechanisms of action of NaNO 2 on mild steel corrosion inhibition in SCW have been proposed. Keywords: Corrosion; Potentiodynamic sweep; Inhibitor DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.4813 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 87-91
研究了亚硝酸钠在含氯离子模拟冷却水中的缓蚀作用。电化学技术如腐蚀电位(E - corr)测量和动电位扫描实验。实验参数为缓蚀剂浓度、水介质pH和浸泡时间。亚硝酸盐在接近中性和碱性(pH 6及以上)SCW中抑制低碳钢的腐蚀,在酸性(pH 4及以下)介质中加速腐蚀。抑制活性随亚硝酸盐浓度的增加而增加,直至500ppm,此后在pH 6及以上时基本保持不变。在停滞的SCW中,在pH为8时,所有浓度的纳米2都有最大的缓蚀作用。纳米2的抑制作用随着浸泡时间的增加而增加,直至24小时,之后在pH为6及以上的所有亚硝酸盐浓度下,其抑制作用基本保持不变。根据实验结果,提出了纳米2在水淬中对低碳钢的缓蚀作用机理。关键词:腐蚀;Potentiodynamic扫描;抑制剂DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.4813化学工程研究通报14 (2010)87-91
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引用次数: 27
Energy Dissipation and Shear Rate with Geometry of Baffled Surface Aerator 折流板表面增氧机几何形状的能量耗散和剪切速率
Pub Date : 2010-07-28 DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V14I2.4910
B. Kumar
The geometric parameters of surface aeration systems govern the process phenomena. The dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy (e) and shear rate (γ) are the key process parameters for mixing in surface aerators. Present work by doing numerical computation by visimix® analyzes the effect of geometric parameters (impeller diameter, cross-sectional area of the tank, liquid height, width of the baffle, rotor blade length and immersion height) on e and γ. Analysis has been done by making the geometric parameters non-dimensionalized through rotor diameter. With an increase in liquid height and baffled width, there is an increase in the case of energy dissipation and shear rate values. In the case of tank area and blade length, it is vice versa. Energy dissipation and shear rate are not affected by the variation in immersion height of the impeller. Keywords: energy dissipation; mixing; shear rate; surface aerator DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.4910 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 92-96
表面曝气系统的几何参数控制着过程现象。湍流动能耗散率(e)和剪切速率(γ)是表面曝气器混合的关键工艺参数。目前的工作是通过visimix®进行数值计算,分析几何参数(叶轮直径、槽的横截面积、液体高度、挡板宽度、转子叶片长度和浸泡高度)对e和γ的影响。通过转子直径进行几何参数无因次化分析。随着液体高度和挡板宽度的增加,能量耗散和剪切速率值也有所增加。在槽面积和叶片长度的情况下,反之亦然。消能和剪切速率不受叶轮浸泡高度变化的影响。关键词:能量耗散;混合;剪切速率;表面曝气器DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i2.4910化工研究通报14 (2010)92-96
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引用次数: 14
Instantaneous Blood Typing Using Paper Diagnostics 即时血型使用纸诊断
Pub Date : 2010-06-09 DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V14I1.5268
S. Halim
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引用次数: 0
Wastewater treatment options for paper mills using recycled paper/imported pulps as raw materials: Bangladesh perspective 以再生纸/进口纸浆为原料的造纸厂的废水处理方案:孟加拉国的观点
Pub Date : 2010-06-06 DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V14I1.5236
Md. Mominur Rahman, Kazi Bayzid Kabir
Paper sector in Bangladesh is currently expanding day-by-day to meet the increasing demand of industrial, writing/printing and specialty papers. Paper mills have adverse e ects on the environment by producing huge quantity of wastewater. Yearly, approximately 14 million m 3 wastewater is being discharged to the surface water bodies and irrigated lands without no/limited treatment. Water pollution from pulp and paper mills can be minimized through proper effuent characterization and design of appropriate treatment facilities. In this article di erent techniques of wastewater treatment for paper mills are discussed. Case study based on treatability analysis and jar test for a paper mill producing 200 m 3 /h of effuent is provided. On the basis of the case study a simplified treatment process is proposed. Proper treatment of such mills would not only save our environment but can also be beneficial for the industries by water usage minimization. Keywords: Pulp and paper mills; recycled paper; imported pulp; environmental impact; wastewater characterization; wastewater treatment DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.5236 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 14 (2010) 65-68
孟加拉国的造纸部门目前正在日益扩大,以满足工业、书写/印刷和特种纸日益增长的需求。造纸厂产生大量的废水,对环境有不利的影响。每年,大约有1400万立方米的废水未经任何/有限处理而排入地表水和灌溉地。通过适当的废水特性和设计适当的处理设施,可以最大限度地减少纸浆和造纸厂的水污染。本文讨论了 造纸厂废水处理的不同技术。以某造纸厂200 m3 /h出水为例,进行了可处理性分析和罐式试验。在实例研究的基础上,提出了一种简化的处理工艺。对这些工厂进行适当的处理不仅可以拯救我们的环境,而且可以通过减少用水对工业有益。关键词:制浆造纸厂;再生纸;进口纸浆;环境影响;废水特征;污水处理DOI = 10.3329/cerb.v14i1.5236化工研究通报14 (2010)65-68
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引用次数: 13
期刊
Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin
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