Pub Date : 2013-12-29DOI: 10.3329/CERB.V16I1.13191
S. Sadighi, M. Bahmani, S. R. S. Mohadecy
Effect of temperature gradients, for an exothermic reaction, inside a catalyst pellet and the pore size distribution on the value of tortuosity factor is studied. The structure of the catalyst pellet is simulated using a two dimensional pore network. Material and energy balances for the pore network are written and discretised using a finite difference scheme. Tortuosity factors obtained for the isothermal and non-isothermal pellets are compared. Significant variation of the estimated tortuosity factor with internal particle temperature gradient and pore size is obtained.
{"title":"EFFECT OF PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND TEMPERATURE ON THE CATALYST TORTUOSITY","authors":"S. Sadighi, M. Bahmani, S. R. S. Mohadecy","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V16I1.13191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V16I1.13191","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of temperature gradients, for an exothermic reaction, inside a catalyst pellet and the pore size distribution on the value of tortuosity factor is studied. The structure of the catalyst pellet is simulated using a two dimensional pore network. Material and energy balances for the pore network are written and discretised using a finite difference scheme. Tortuosity factors obtained for the isothermal and non-isothermal pellets are compared. Significant variation of the estimated tortuosity factor with internal particle temperature gradient and pore size is obtained.","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"41 1","pages":"61-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85442291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analysis is made to study the effects heat source/sink on the steady two dimensional MHD boundary layer flow and heat transfer past a shrinking sheet with wall mass suction. In the dynamic system, a uniform magnetic field acts normal to the plane of flow. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into self-similar ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. Then the obtained self-similar equations are solved by finite difference method using quasilinearization technique. From the analysis it is found that the velocity inside the boundary layer enhances with increase of wall suction and magnetic field and accordingly the thickness of the momentum boundary layer decreases. The temperature decreases with Hartmann number, Prandtl number and heat sink parameter and the temperature increases with heat source parameter. Furthermore, for strong heat source heat absorption at the sheet occurs. Key words: MHD boundary layer, heat transfer, shrinking sheet, heat source/sink, suction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6524 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 12-17
{"title":"Effects of heat source/sink on MHD flow and heat transfer over a shrinking sheet with mass suction","authors":"K. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V15I1.6524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V15I1.6524","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis is made to study the effects heat source/sink on the steady two dimensional MHD boundary layer flow and heat transfer past a shrinking sheet with wall mass suction. In the dynamic system, a uniform magnetic field acts normal to the plane of flow. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into self-similar ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations. Then the obtained self-similar equations are solved by finite difference method using quasilinearization technique. From the analysis it is found that the velocity inside the boundary layer enhances with increase of wall suction and magnetic field and accordingly the thickness of the momentum boundary layer decreases. The temperature decreases with Hartmann number, Prandtl number and heat sink parameter and the temperature increases with heat source parameter. Furthermore, for strong heat source heat absorption at the sheet occurs. Key words: MHD boundary layer, heat transfer, shrinking sheet, heat source/sink, suction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6524 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 12-17","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"361 1","pages":"12-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90071057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Abedini, M. Esfandyari, A. Nezhadmoghadam, H. Adib
Viscosity is one of the most important governing parameters of the fluid flow, either in the porous media or in pipelines. So it is important to use an accurate method to calculate the oil viscosity at various operating conditions. In the literature, several empirical correlations have been proposed for predicting undersaturated crude oil viscosity. However these correlations are not able to predict the oil viscosity adequately for a wide range of conditions. In present work, an extensive experimental data of undersaturated oil viscosities from different samples of Iranian oil reservoirs was applied to develop a Fuzzy model to predict and calculate the undersaturated oil viscosity. Validity and accuracy of these models has been confirmed by comparing the obtained results of these correlations and with experimental data for Iranian oil samples. It was observed that there is acceptable agreement between Fuzzy model results with experimental data. Key words: Viscosity; Correlation; Fuzzy model; undersaturated crude oil DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.7334 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 30-33
{"title":"Evaluation of crude oil property using intelligence tool: fuzzy model approach","authors":"R. Abedini, M. Esfandyari, A. Nezhadmoghadam, H. Adib","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V15I1.7334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V15I1.7334","url":null,"abstract":"Viscosity is one of the most important governing parameters of the fluid flow, either in the porous media or in pipelines. So it is important to use an accurate method to calculate the oil viscosity at various operating conditions. In the literature, several empirical correlations have been proposed for predicting undersaturated crude oil viscosity. However these correlations are not able to predict the oil viscosity adequately for a wide range of conditions. In present work, an extensive experimental data of undersaturated oil viscosities from different samples of Iranian oil reservoirs was applied to develop a Fuzzy model to predict and calculate the undersaturated oil viscosity. Validity and accuracy of these models has been confirmed by comparing the obtained results of these correlations and with experimental data for Iranian oil samples. It was observed that there is acceptable agreement between Fuzzy model results with experimental data. Key words: Viscosity; Correlation; Fuzzy model; undersaturated crude oil DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.7334 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 30-33","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81989638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ghasemian, K. Rezaei, R. Abedini, H. Poorazarang
Acrylamide (CH 2 = CHCONH 2 ) is creating cancer chemical which produced in certain foods due to heating process at high temperature and low humidity conditions. Due to the hazardous effect of acrylamide, in this study, the effect of additives (garlic and pepper), oils (sunflower and Canola), frying temperature (180 and 200°C) and frying time (4 and 6 minutes) on the acrylamide levels has been discussed in fried beef burger using full factorial design of experiment (DOE). Produced acrylamide in each sample was analyzed by FID-GC system in the presence of internal standard. Between investigated parameters, results from DOE reveal that frying temperature has the highest impact on the produced acrylamide. Key words: Acrylamide; frying temperature; frying time; full factorial design DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.7610 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 39-44
{"title":"Acrylamide Formation during the Frying of Beef Burger: Effect of Temperature and Time","authors":"S. Ghasemian, K. Rezaei, R. Abedini, H. Poorazarang","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V15I1.7610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V15I1.7610","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylamide (CH 2 = CHCONH 2 ) is creating cancer chemical which produced in certain foods due to heating process at high temperature and low humidity conditions. Due to the hazardous effect of acrylamide, in this study, the effect of additives (garlic and pepper), oils (sunflower and Canola), frying temperature (180 and 200°C) and frying time (4 and 6 minutes) on the acrylamide levels has been discussed in fried beef burger using full factorial design of experiment (DOE). Produced acrylamide in each sample was analyzed by FID-GC system in the presence of internal standard. Between investigated parameters, results from DOE reveal that frying temperature has the highest impact on the produced acrylamide. Key words: Acrylamide; frying temperature; frying time; full factorial design DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.7610 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 39-44","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83145897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cation exchange chromatographic separation of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines have been explored from source to receiving phase through the fiber supported solid membrane. The fibers supported solid membranes were prepared by chemically modification of cellulose fibers with introducing the carboxylic acid ion exchanging groups. The experimental variables explored were concentration of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines (10 -2 to 10 -6 M) in the source solution, HCl (0.01 to 0.20 M) in the receiving phase and stirring speed (50-130 rpm) of the bulk source and receiving phase. The efficiency has been evaluated of fiber supported solid membrane system for the transport of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines from the source solution to receiving phase through the fiber supported solid membrane. The pre-concentration was studied of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines from the dilute solutions. Key words: Pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines, fiber supported solid membrane; ion exchange DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6788 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 25-29
{"title":"Cation exchange chromatographic separation of amines through fiber supported solid membrane","authors":"A. Gaikwad","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V15I1.6788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V15I1.6788","url":null,"abstract":"The cation exchange chromatographic separation of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines have been explored from source to receiving phase through the fiber supported solid membrane. The fibers supported solid membranes were prepared by chemically modification of cellulose fibers with introducing the carboxylic acid ion exchanging groups. The experimental variables explored were concentration of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines (10 -2 to 10 -6 M) in the source solution, HCl (0.01 to 0.20 M) in the receiving phase and stirring speed (50-130 rpm) of the bulk source and receiving phase. The efficiency has been evaluated of fiber supported solid membrane system for the transport of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines from the source solution to receiving phase through the fiber supported solid membrane. The pre-concentration was studied of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines from the dilute solutions. Key words: Pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines, fiber supported solid membrane; ion exchange DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6788 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 25-29","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"6 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83548427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Govindasamy, Tamilarasan Rengasamy, Dharmendra Das
Biosorption of heavy metals can be an effective process for the removal of toxic heavy metals present in the wastewater. An attempt is made in the present investigation to remove Cd 2+ ions from aqueous solutions using B.subtilis . Batch experiments were carried out for Cd 2+ removal over a wide range of operating conditions. It has been noticed that the Cd 2+ removal capacity dependent on the initial pH and the initial Cd 2+ concentration. Experimental data were analysed with kinetics and isotherm models. It has been observed that the pseudo second order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm equilibrium model fit well with the present data. The FTIR analysis of bacterial biomass revealed the presence of amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, which are responsible for biosorption of Cd 2+ metal ions. The results indicated that the biomass of B.subtilis is an efficient bioaccumulant for the removal of Cd 2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Key words: Biosorption; Cd2+ removal; Kinetics; Isotherms; Bacillus subtilis-live and dead DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6618 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 18-24
{"title":"REMOVAL OF Cd 2+ IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING LIVE AND DEAD Bacillus Subtilis","authors":"V. Govindasamy, Tamilarasan Rengasamy, Dharmendra Das","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V15I1.6618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V15I1.6618","url":null,"abstract":"Biosorption of heavy metals can be an effective process for the removal of toxic heavy metals present in the wastewater. An attempt is made in the present investigation to remove Cd 2+ ions from aqueous solutions using B.subtilis . Batch experiments were carried out for Cd 2+ removal over a wide range of operating conditions. It has been noticed that the Cd 2+ removal capacity dependent on the initial pH and the initial Cd 2+ concentration. Experimental data were analysed with kinetics and isotherm models. It has been observed that the pseudo second order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm equilibrium model fit well with the present data. The FTIR analysis of bacterial biomass revealed the presence of amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, which are responsible for biosorption of Cd 2+ metal ions. The results indicated that the biomass of B.subtilis is an efficient bioaccumulant for the removal of Cd 2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Key words: Biosorption; Cd2+ removal; Kinetics; Isotherms; Bacillus subtilis-live and dead DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6618 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 18-24","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"34 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78689461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, an investigation is made to study the boundary layer flow over a porous flat plate with diffusion of chemically reactive species undergoing first-order reaction and subject to suction and injection. In this analysis, the variable plate concentration is considered. Using similarity variable technique, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of self-similar ordinary differential equations which are solved by shooting method. The study reveals that for the increase of suction at the plate both velocity and concentration boundary layer thicknesses decrease and for increasing injection both thicknesses increase. The concentration at a fixed point decreases with increasing values of the Schmidt number Sc , the reaction rate parameter beta and the power-law exponent n . For a fixed point, with increase of beta the magnitude of concentration gradient initially increases and then after a point it decreases. The rate of solute transfer from the plate increases with reaction rate parameter and power-law exponent. Key words: Boundary layer flow; diffusion; first-order chemical reaction; porous flat plate; suction/injection DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6464 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 6-11
{"title":"Boundary layer flow with diffusion and first-order chemical reaction over a porous flat plate subject to suction/injection and with variable wall concentration","authors":"K. Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V15I1.6464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V15I1.6464","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an investigation is made to study the boundary layer flow over a porous flat plate with diffusion of chemically reactive species undergoing first-order reaction and subject to suction and injection. In this analysis, the variable plate concentration is considered. Using similarity variable technique, the governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of self-similar ordinary differential equations which are solved by shooting method. The study reveals that for the increase of suction at the plate both velocity and concentration boundary layer thicknesses decrease and for increasing injection both thicknesses increase. The concentration at a fixed point decreases with increasing values of the Schmidt number Sc , the reaction rate parameter beta and the power-law exponent n . For a fixed point, with increase of beta the magnitude of concentration gradient initially increases and then after a point it decreases. The rate of solute transfer from the plate increases with reaction rate parameter and power-law exponent. Key words: Boundary layer flow; diffusion; first-order chemical reaction; porous flat plate; suction/injection DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6464 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 6-11","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"24 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79683756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kamal, G. M. Mamoor, Nida Qamar, M. Farooq, Muhammad Sarfraz
Polar groups can be introduced on polyethylene by using polar monomer like acryl amide, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. In present work binary monomer mixture of methacrylic acid and styrene were grafted onto low density polyethylene in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator. Grafted polyethylene was characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), melt flow Indexer (MFI) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). Low value of MFI as compared to virgin polyethylene, presence of carbonyl peaks in the spectrum of grafted polyethylene and higher endothermic peaks in thermogram of grafted polyethylene confirmed grafting of methacrylic acid and styrene onto polyethylene. MFI values at different loads were used for further rheological study of virgin & grafted polyethylene. Key words: Degree of grafting, Meth acrylic acid, Free radical, Vinyl monomer, DCP DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.7419 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 34-38
{"title":"Free radical graft modification of polyethylene with methacrylic acid and styrene monomer","authors":"M. Kamal, G. M. Mamoor, Nida Qamar, M. Farooq, Muhammad Sarfraz","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V15I1.7419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V15I1.7419","url":null,"abstract":"Polar groups can be introduced on polyethylene by using polar monomer like acryl amide, acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. In present work binary monomer mixture of methacrylic acid and styrene were grafted onto low density polyethylene in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator. Grafted polyethylene was characterized by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), melt flow Indexer (MFI) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). Low value of MFI as compared to virgin polyethylene, presence of carbonyl peaks in the spectrum of grafted polyethylene and higher endothermic peaks in thermogram of grafted polyethylene confirmed grafting of methacrylic acid and styrene onto polyethylene. MFI values at different loads were used for further rheological study of virgin & grafted polyethylene. Key words: Degree of grafting, Meth acrylic acid, Free radical, Vinyl monomer, DCP DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.7419 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 34-38","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"43 1","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84271867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Abbasi, Seyed Roholah Mortazavipour, Mehrdad Setudeh
Polygalacturonase production by isolated fungal strains was carried out in solid state fermentation. Aspergillus niger ( A. niger ) and Penicillium sp EGC5 produced polygalacturonase (PG) on mixture of apple bagasse and wheat bran. The mixture of apple bagasse and wheat bran acted as a good nutrient source and substrate for the cultivation of the microorganisms and polygalacturonase produced in solid state fermentation. In this respect, it was possible to obtain polygalacturonase activity at an acceptable yield, in comparison with a typical defined medium described in the literature for polygalacturonase production. Higher titres of polygalacturonase were observed when medium was supplemented with carbon (pectin) and nitrogen ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and peptone) sources. The maximum production of polygalacturonase was reached after 8 days cultivation. The temperature was 30°C and the relative humidity of the fermentation medium was 70%. Key words: Polygalacturonase; Aspergillus niger; Apple bagasse; wheat bran; Solid state fermentation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6368 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 1-5
{"title":"Polygalacturonase (PG) production by fungal strains using agro-industrial bioproduct in solid state fermentation","authors":"H. Abbasi, Seyed Roholah Mortazavipour, Mehrdad Setudeh","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V15I1.6368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V15I1.6368","url":null,"abstract":"Polygalacturonase production by isolated fungal strains was carried out in solid state fermentation. Aspergillus niger ( A. niger ) and Penicillium sp EGC5 produced polygalacturonase (PG) on mixture of apple bagasse and wheat bran. The mixture of apple bagasse and wheat bran acted as a good nutrient source and substrate for the cultivation of the microorganisms and polygalacturonase produced in solid state fermentation. In this respect, it was possible to obtain polygalacturonase activity at an acceptable yield, in comparison with a typical defined medium described in the literature for polygalacturonase production. Higher titres of polygalacturonase were observed when medium was supplemented with carbon (pectin) and nitrogen ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and peptone) sources. The maximum production of polygalacturonase was reached after 8 days cultivation. The temperature was 30°C and the relative humidity of the fermentation medium was 70%. Key words: Polygalacturonase; Aspergillus niger; Apple bagasse; wheat bran; Solid state fermentation DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6368 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 1-5","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81662093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Impeller submergence governs the performance of mixing tanks employed in chemical and biochemical operation. Present work experimentally investigates the effect of impeller submergence depths on power consumption when arrow head impeller has been used in the process. Arrowhead impeller performs better than the conventional Rushton impeller. It has been found that at higher range of impeller submergence, mixing tanks consume less power. Optimal range of submergence depth is 0.8 to 0.9 times the impeller diameter. Key words: arrowhead impeller; power consumption; rotational speed; stirred tanks; submergence depth DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.7098 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 45-47
{"title":"Influence of impeller submergence depth on power consumption in stirred tank","authors":"T. Devi, Banoth Malsur, B. Kumar","doi":"10.3329/CERB.V15I1.7098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/CERB.V15I1.7098","url":null,"abstract":"Impeller submergence governs the performance of mixing tanks employed in chemical and biochemical operation. Present work experimentally investigates the effect of impeller submergence depths on power consumption when arrow head impeller has been used in the process. Arrowhead impeller performs better than the conventional Rushton impeller. It has been found that at higher range of impeller submergence, mixing tanks consume less power. Optimal range of submergence depth is 0.8 to 0.9 times the impeller diameter. Key words: arrowhead impeller; power consumption; rotational speed; stirred tanks; submergence depth DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.7098 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 45-47","PeriodicalId":9756,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin","volume":"19 1","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81425027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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